FOURTH EDITION . FOURTH EDITION . FOURTH EDITION .

FOURTH EDITION

STUDY GUIDE

TCC - NON-ALLIED FORCES

Highly Confidential
This document is to be handled with extreme confidentiality. It is prohibited to share this
document with anyone other than the members of the Non-Allied Forces Cabinet. If any
delegate is caught leaking this document to anybody else, they will be suspended from the
committee immediately as this is completely unacceptable. Their chances of winning awards
will be revoked, and the grant of a certificate of participation will be at the discretion of the
organisers.
Table of Contents

Chair Foreword Pg 2

Committee Introduction Pg 3

Introduction of Agenda Pg 4

Key terms Pg 6

Historical Context Pg 8

Timeline Pg 10

Scope of Debate Pg 14

Useful Maps Pg 17

Description of Portfolios Pg 19

Questions a direction must answer Pg 20

Bibliography Pg 21

1
Chair Foreword
Shriyans Maddikunta (Head Speaker)

A guy who roams around looking for every single non-academic, extra-curricular opportunity on earth,
Shriyans (or Maddi, as he is called by many), is a classic intrepid teen from IBDP Year 1, GIIS East
Coast who is addicted to CAS (much to the dismay of his disgruntled classmates). Be it the umpteen
number of competitions he takes part in, or the gazillion events he has organized, Maddi is anything
but academic (he still marvels at how he managed to top the school in his boards). Nonetheless, he
hopes to hone his leadership skills with this opportunity and give all delegates an amazing experience.
P.S.: Don’t mind his crazy obsession with Hindi, as you might see during the days of the event (he has a
profound love for languages in general). See you there!

A Note from the Speaker

Dear Delegates,

This committee will take you on a tumultuous journey into the historical dimensions of our world.
While the decisions you make here do not change the course of history, of course, it is still imperative to
make sure that every move of yours, every action of yours remains grounded in the realms of reality. It
may seem tempting and attractive to pass directives that are unrealistic in nature and have the potential
to make groundbreaking changes. But, to make a good learning experience in crisis, it is always
important to exercise caution while practicing creative liberty.

As for this study guide, it is merely designed to start you off on your research on the history of the Civil
War. This document is by no means exhaustive, considering the depths of detail present in every event.
Do not limit yourselves and your preparation to this guide alone. Push your limits and broaden your
horizons by going out there and exploring the nuances and intricacies of this historical event. All the
best and happy delegating!

Thank you and Yours Sincerely,

Shriyans Maddikunta
Head Speaker of the Non-Allied Forces
(TCC, GIIS Model Congress 2024)

2
Committee Introduction
The Three Way Crisis Committee, or TCC for short, is one that stands out from the rest of the councils in
the Model Congress, as it is the most challenging and demanding crisis setup you may have ever come
across. In TCC, there are not one, not two, but three cabinets going head to head against each other, in
the thrilling and compelling times of the Russian Civil War, 1918-1922. This committee is one that
requires precision and accuracy at every step of the way.

The three cabinets duking it out in this fierce battle of the past are the Red Army (led by the Bolsheviks),
the White Army (led by the Anti-Bolsheviks) and finally, us, the Green Army (a group of non-allied, but
armed peasants). Typically, in crises of the past, we coin on a freeze date - one which is considered as the
day the crisis initiates, and we pretend to be living in that day as our actions decide the future of the
committee, and of the world, from thereon. For TCC, the freeze date is July 15, 1918, which means that
any events which have taken place after that day cannot be referenced, in order to debate or make points.
You can only make use of events that have taken place before the freeze date, and any subsequent events
are a result of your decisions.

So, what are these ‘decisions’ you take on or after the freeze date? These are the ‘directives’ and
‘communiqués’ and other important documents that are drafted and passed by you and the committee
that affect the near future, not just for your own cabinet, but for the shared reality you are a part of,
along with the other two cabinets. As we go back in time, you will come across and will have to deal with
the same challenges that the leaders of these armed forces had to tackle.

Your directives and decisions will be constantly fed by updates given to you by the crisis directors, and
these will serve as pieces of new information for you to develop as you go forward. You will receive
updates regularly, and in routine intervals of time, but of course, these updates will only consist of details
that our cabinet is supposed to realistically know of. Since you will receive such updates from time to
time, it is imperative that you remain on your toes and are swift in sending out your directives because do
not forget, the TCC is a living, breathing world full of adventure and uncertainty, a place where situations
change faster than you think.

Directives can cover a host of things, a plethora of actions, ranging from declaring war to stopping a war,
from backstabbing someone to entering into cahoots with another. The list is endless. But, all these
actions must be taken keeping in mind the list of resources provided to you, and in the capacity of the
portfolio you are given. In TCC, you as a delegate do not represent a minister, but rather the portfolio of
a historical figure who had a major role to play during the Civil War. Hence, it is imperative to be well-
versed and researched about the character given to you, so that you can undertake actions that align with
your character’s stance, and complement his/her beliefs, ideologies, motives and perspectives. Do be very
mindful about that.

3
This committee will transport you over a century into the past, to the realms of anarchy and destruction,
as we see three completely different cabinets with entirely different mindsets go against each other in the
intense fight which ensued 105 years ago in pastoral Russia. As a member of the Peasantry Green Armies,
you are tasked with achieving a determined list of objectives during the war. To add on, each of these
goals needs to be met while keeping certain procedures in mind, the specifics of which have been
highlighted in greater detail in the SROP.

Introduction of Agenda
We are the peasantry green armies - armed peasants who see no difference between the Reds and the
Whites and are non-allied in nature. We are groups of local militia who fight for the sake of protecting
our communities from oppressors. As Green Army members, these are your tasks:

Protecting our Motherland

Remember, our primary goal is to protect our motherland from the hands of all factions - monarchists,
radicals, liberals and conservatives. Neither the Bolsheviks nor the Anti-Bolsheviks should be allowed to
win this war, as both parties are extremists in nature. While the Bolsheviks stand for communism and
socialism, the Anti-Bolsheviks stand for conservative regimes and wish to crush liberalism. We cannot
allow either of them to succeed. All glory to our motherland!

Defending Ourselves from the Red and White Armies

Both the Reds and the Whites are hypocrites. They are seemingly so different from each other, yet so
similar in so many ways. They have time and again exploited peasants like us and harassed us countless
times. They rule from afar, and demand crops, livestock and men whenever they please. These men who
call themselves government officers are nothing more than petty burglars, who are here to snatch our
happiness away from us and rob us of everything we have.

We MUST show them our real power, and make sure they do not steal anything else from us!

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Understanding War Tactics

A crucial point, this has been covered in detail in the scope of debate section of this study guide.

Taking Administration in Our Hands

If need be, and if the circumstances call for it, we should not be hesitant to occupy parts of Russia under
our control, as we must make sure that our fellow peasants across the country are also liberated, just the
way we want to free ourselves from the shackles of Bolshevik occupation.

Promoting Welfare for Farmers in Russia

Since Russia is a highly agricultural country and has a major agrarian economy, we need to ensure and
enforce that farmers in Russia receive due support for their output and hard work. If we accomplish all
the above objectives, this motive will automatically be fulfilled without effort.

All in all, we must achieve all of the above expectations to be the best cabinet out of all three! To
summarize the expectations, the Green Army is tasked with reversing the October Revolution and putting
all its might into getting back a Constituent Assembly, one which is independent of both, the Bolsheviks
and the Anti-Bolsheviks, so that neither the Red Army nor the White Army get to win and rule over our
population.

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Key Terms
Russian Civil War - An aftermath of the Russian Revolution, this Civil War was among the bloodiest
ones in human history, as Russia disintegrated into multiple raging factions.

Red Army (Bolsheviks - Anti-Tsarists) - Led by Vladimir Lenin, it was a subunit of the Bolshevik Party
and a military force that played a crucial role in the Bolshevik defense.

White Army (Anti-Bolsheviks - Pro-Tsarists) - A loose group of Anti-Bolshevik forces, who were
collectively called the ‘Whites’ if and when they opposed the Bolsheviks.

Green Armies (Peasantry - Anti-Reds and Whites) - Many scattered coalitions of peasant groups and local
farmers who were non-allied: neither support the Reds nor the Whites.

Soviet - A council or committee of peasants, soldiers or workers who had a role to play in the local or
decentralized governance during the war. Also used by the Bolsheviks.

Cheka - It was a secret agency made by the Bolsheviks, which acted as their crime watch police and was
responsible for suppressing any voices that dared to speak against them.

Tzar/Tsar - The title given to a monarch or the ruler of Russia up until the downfall of the monarchy in
the Russian Revolution of 1917. It is derived from the Latin term ‘Caesar’.

Infantry - The terminology used to describe the military forces who walk on foot and are trained to fight
the war while engaging in on-the-ground combat. They use small arms.

Artillery - This term is used to refer to firearms and long-ranged weapons that are designed to fire
projectiles over long distances, typically used to support the infantry.

Centralist - It is an ideology that focuses on centralized administration, and draws inspiration from
models of governance that leave more power in the hands of one entity.

Decentralist - It is an ideology that is a contrast to the centrist ideology, and favors decentralization,
wherein power is equally distributed and divided into smaller units.

Unionist - The unionist ideology states that it is imperative to maintain the unity and sovereignty of a
political body, government or any other socioeconomic union of sorts.

Monarchist - A monarchist is one who supports the formation of a monarchy, and the rule of a monarch,
as the supreme form of government in a country, making way for a Tzar.

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Politburo - Short for Political Bureau, a Politburo is a term commonly used in the context of communist
states. It is considered the highest decision-making body in the country.

Proletarian Dictatorship - Used chiefly by Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels, this is a case where the
working class or proletariats temporarily rule over the bourgeoisie capitalists.

Requisitioning - It can be defined as the act of demanding something in an urgent but formal fashion,
typically initiated by a government or authority during times of crisis.

Censorship - It is the policy by which governments curb the spread of vital information and this is done by
controlling the circulation of newspapers, images or artistic pieces.

State of Emergency - A state of emergency is a situation in which the government of a country receives
certain additional powers, and is declared during times of urgent crisis.

Communism - It is an ideology that bases the foundation of property and ownership, not in the hands of a
single person, but in the entire community and a collective society.

Socialism - It is an ideology that has its roots in communism, and vice versa, as socialism too advocates
for the state to control and own all resources, thus bringing about equity.

Anarchist - An anarchist is a person who participates in arbitrary action and calls for the absence or
abolition of a central government, advocating voluntary cooperation among people.

Central Powers - One of the two main parties who fought the First World War, the Central Powers
comprised countries mainly in Central Europe. The war ended with their defeat.

Allied Powers - Opposing the Central Powers, the Allied Powers were the victorious party in the First
World War and they consisted of countries in Western Europe and the USA.

Kerensky Government - It is the provisional government that came to power after the abdication of the
Tsar in the February Revolution. It was led by Alexander Kerensky.

Czech Legion - The Czech Legion was a military force of Czech and Slovak volunteers who came forward
to fight the wars as they wanted Czechoslovakian independence from Austria-Hungary.

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Historical Context
The Russian Civil War is counted among human history’s most convoluted and complex civil wars. Not
only did it involve millions of people, but it was also greatly impacted by the First World War and the
Russian Revolutions which took place shortly before it started. While the Red Army and the White Army
were the two main opposing forces, there were many factions which did not align with either of them, one
of them being the peasantry Green Armies, the Non-Allied.

Russia was a highly socioeconomically diverse country during the late 19th century. A variety of different
cultures inhabited the country, and one of the major livelihoods was, of course, agriculture. The Russian
economy was highly agrarian up until the Second World War, after which it rapidly transformed into a
more industrialized country. However, even before the First World War, things were not completely
alright or happy. People were unhappy with their Tsar. The events of Bloody Sunday and the 1905
Revolution perfectly corroborated this sentiment, as workers who went on strike for better working
conditions got brutally attacked by the Tsar’s police. Even the peasantry of the country, and other
members of the working class, were tormented and pushed to their limits time and again, but the then
Tsar Nicholas II failed to pay heed to their miseries and discomforts. All he saw was only his own
extravagance and luxury.

The First World War which began in July 1914 brought with it sweeping changes across the Russian
landscape. The monarchy’s attention diverted from the common citizens’ welfare to war efforts, and the
country’s capital and labor resources were heavily channeled towards the war. This was shortly followed
by the February and October Revolutions of 1917, which are jointly referred to as the Russian
Revolution. Both revolutions had their own distinct significance. While the February Revolution was
instigated by agitated workers, women and revolutionaries, the October Revolution was led by Vladimir
Lenin and the Bolsheviks. The former was an attempt to abdicate the Tsar and establish a Provisional
Government (led by Alexander Kerensky), but the latter was carried out in order to overthrow this very
Provisional Government and establish Bolshevik rule and supremacy over the country. Both revolutions
were successful.

However, what set off this bloody Russian Civil War was the tensions prevailing between the Bolsheviks
and the Anti-Bolsheviks, with the Non-Bolsheviks trying to free the country from Lenin’s rule. Of course,
this had its own set of repercussions, not just on the two parties fighting the war, but on numerous other
innocent individuals. That is where we, the Greens, come into the picture, as we are a group of localized
peasants who want nothing but peace in our communities.

8
Perhaps what makes this war so complex and noteworthy is the innumerable number of groups that
participated in it, each driven by their own set of ideologies and goals, and how much they differ from
each other. People from all walks of life fought in this battle, and it involved a number of different
factions of the Russian society, the Russian community, so much so that it somehow, unequivocally, gave
every group, minority or majority, equal representation in a way. They all found an opportunity in this
war, a chance to convey their thoughts and opinions, fight for what they rightfully own, and redefine
what freedom meant to them. But that is not to say that the Civil War is justified, because it has certainly
done way more harm than good till now. The first few months of the war itself have resulted in significant
loss of life and widespread devastation and so, we, as mentioned before, must avoid taking any more
harm by all means.

9
Timeline
Year/Date Event Description

The Russian society is in two minds about

Debates over adopting socialism and is still yet to ascertain
1850s - 1880s
Socialism in Russia the positives and negatives of socialism to its
fullest.

The Russian Social Democratic Workers Party

Formation of the is formed and comprises people who are
Russian Social socialists in nature and believe in the ideologies
1898
Democratic and theories of Marx. However, it is deemed as
Workers Party an illegal organization and needs to work
discreetly.

When a procession of workers went on strike

The Bloody Sunday
to demand better and improvised working
(Revolution of 1905)
1905 conditions, they were attacked by the police
and the October
and it led to great amounts of bloodshed,
Manifesto
killing many.

The Second State Duma of the Russian

Empire is dissolved and significant alterations
1907 Stolypin’s Coup are made to the laws by Tsar Nicholas II. Also
known as the proper conclusion of the 1905
Revolution.

World War 1 Begins

The world is thrown into battle as the First
when Austria-
28th July 1914 ever World War ensues in many parts of
Hungary declares
Europe.
war on Serbia7

Tsar Nicholas II Tsar Nicholas the Second decides to take

August 1915 leaves Russia to matters into his own hands by going to fight
fight the war the war.

10
 Brusilov Offensive, Brusilov Offensive signifies the peak of
June 1916 also known as the Russian military power and success and is its
‘June Advance’ last win.

Mensheviks urge a The Mensheviks - a small faction of the bigger

January 1917 nationwide RSDLP - go against the Bolsheviks
revolution in Russia nationwide.

International Women’s Day sees tens of

February hundreds of protestors, particularly women,
8th -16th March
Revolution in on the streets, protesting for food and a
1917
Petrograd complete end to the war. Monarchy abolished,
but at the cost of 1300 lives.

Vladimir Lenin returns from Switzerland to

Lenin returns from Russia via Germany and Finland in a sealed
April 1917
his exile train. It marks the strong return of Bolshevik
power.

A telegram message sent by foreign minister

Pavel Milyukov tells the Allies about the
1st May 1917 The Milyukov Note
Russian provisional government’s intention to
be at war.

Launched by the Russian Minister of War,

Alexander Kerensky, against the Austro-
1st July 1917 The June Offensive
Hungary forces. But fails four days later due to
disunity.

A series of armed conflicts against the

government, that take place arbitrarily by
16th - 20th July 1917 The July Days
workers and are aimed at creating chaos and
instability.

General Kornilov, a military commander of

Russia, fails in his coup against the
9th September 1917 The Kornilov Affair government, which is aimed at undermining
the position of the Bolsheviks but instead
strengthens their stance.

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 Russia is officially Russia officially becomes the Republic of
14th September 1917
declared a Republic Russia.

The October Revolution in St Petersburg was

one linked to the consolidation of Bolshevik
7th - 8th November October Revolution
power. Soon after, they pass several Decrees
1917 in Saint Petersburg
such as the restructuring of global financial
administration.

This decree is the first of its kind, one which

Bolsheviks censor
9th November 1917 abolishes and censors the Bourgeois Press.
the Bourgeois Press
Introduced by the Bolshevik government.

In the elections, Socialist Revolutionaries win

Constituent
a majority of the votes, while the Bolsheviks
25th November 1917 Assembly Elections
are unable to secure even one-fourth of the
take place
support.

Armistice between This armistice between Russia and the Central

15th December 1917 Russia and the Powers stops the war, and the fighting stops
Central Powers temporarily (context - the First World War).

Bread and flour Bread and flour, albeit staple foods, are not
December 1917 prices are at an all- readily available due to shortages. This leads
time high to immense inflation and hunger in the cities.

The Bolsheviks forcefully dissolve the

Constituent
Constituent Assembly by using their power, as
18th - 19th January Assembly meeting
they are unhappy with the fact that they did
1918 dissolved by the
not get a majority in the elections to the
Bolsheviks
assembly.

The Council of People’s Commissars

Workers’ and
(Sovnarkom) forms the Workers’ and
28th January 1918 Peasants’ Red Army
Peasants’ Red Army by passing a decree on the
is formed
same.

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 Russia adopts the Gregorian calendar - the
Russia switches
one which the rest of the world follows - and
from the Julian to
14th February 1918 drops its Julian calendar which was 13 days
the Gregorian
behind the Western calendar (done to avoid
calendar
confusion).

This treaty formally ended Russia’s

participation in the First World War.
However, Bolshevik Russia loses ‘one-third of
Brest-Litovsk Treaty the old empire’s population, one-third of its
3rd March 1918
is signed railway network, half its industry, three-
quarters of its supplies of iron ore, nine-tenths
of its coal resources and much of its food
supplies’.

‘Russian Social Democratic Labour Party’

changes to ‘Russian Communist Party’ after
Administrative
8th March 1918 the 7th Congress of the Bolsheviks. The capital
changes take place
city is also moved from Petrograd to Moscow
the same year.

Equal rights for men The constitution made by the Russian Socialist
10th July 1918
and women Federated Soviet Republic grants equal rights.

And that brings us to the present day, where the air is full of turbulence, and tensions occupy the minds of
the Russian people. It is in your hands how you decide the future of the motherland.

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Scope of Debate
While the scope for debate in a crisis committee is endless, it is important to know the lens with which to
approach the debate. In order to make that easy, here are a few pointers to take note of.

The Green Armies’ Perspective

Perhaps the most important aspect of our debates would be that they are constantly centered on and
around the Green Armies’ ideology, and approach towards the war. While there was no centralized
leadership amongst the Greens, they did have a sense of collective identity, an understanding of their
belonging to the class of peasantry and a common goal that all of them wanted to achieve. In that sense,
there was great consistency and uniformity in their thoughts.

Right off the bat, they had common aspirations for the entire Russian subcontinent, which was also
reflected in all the significant revolutions they undertook. Russia back then consisted of many present-day
nations, such as Ukraine, Belarus and many others, which it lost control over after World War 1.
Naturally, the Green Army had a vision not only for Russia but also for these countries which later
separated to become independent nation-states. They wanted to govern themselves and have complete
control over their produce so that they could retain autonomy over their lives and live freely. This, they
intended to do, through self-made ‘soviets’, or local governments. Moreover, they did not have any power
or rights over their land and often had to work under the oppression of landlords and the nobility. The
Greens wanted to overturn this too.2

Russia’s systems for agricultural production were considered the worst in Europe at that time, which
undoubtedly instigated rebellion and unrest among peasants. This backward system forced peasants to
revolt against the government in power. Not only that, peasants did not even receive a fair price for their
produce in the market, as the repressive government did not care about them. All of these factors
collectively are the reason why the Greens are against both Reds and Whites.

War Tactics

As rural peasants, we have little to no knowledge about modern warfare, and one of our few expertise lies
in the guerilla art form. We must learn about the advancements in the techniques used in war, so as to
equip ourselves with the necessary resources required to turn the outcome of this uprising in our favor.
We are low on numbers and so, we must move forward tactfully. The following war tactics are some
forms of combat you might want to engage in during the war.

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Guerilla Warfare
Guerilla warfare is the most apt form of combat for individuals like us - people who do not have access to
resources and have limited knowledge about conventional tactics. It is generally used by irregular and
small groups of people who take up arms against a larger army or military force. This form of warfare is
characterised by fast-moving and small-scale strategies such as ambushes, hit-and-runs, disguising as
civilians and is typically quite effective in the short run.

Scorched Earth
Scorched earth is a war tactic where all landmarks and/or infrastructure in a particular area, which may
have had the potential to be useful to enemy forces, are deliberately destroyed so that they cannot be of
help to the enemy. It is definitely challenging to do such mass-scale destruction so quickly, and is surely a
threat to the environment of that surrounding, but it is a sure shot way of impeding the enemy’s progress.
Examples include setting houses on fire, cutting crops etc.

Siege Warfare
Siege warfare is a strategy where a force completely surrounds a city or any other fortified place from all
around, making it virtually impossible for anyone inside to exit the trap and vice versa. The expectation is
that after being captured and blocked off from all sides, the people inside the fortified area would be
compelled to surrender, having been isolated from the outside world and eventually losing control over all
their resources (as they gradually run out of their essentials).

Encirclement and Annihilation

Encirclement and annihilation follow similar procedures as siege warfare, where the combatants are
circled in such a way that they have no option but to give in to the demands of the enemy.

Mobile Warfare
Mobile warfare is one which may not be very relatable to us, but since it is something in which the enemy
forces are very well-versed, it is crucial for us to know. In mobile warfare, highly mechanized and mobile
forces are used to divert the enemies, and this is done with tanks etc.

Intelligence and Counterintelligence

(This is where intelligence directives work) Intelligence is generally said to be used when a delegate wishes
to direct its intelligence towards the extraction of certain information from an enemy or to sabotage their
work. This can also be used to do the surveillance of enemy areas and can act as counter-intelligence too
(also known as counterespionage, it is the action of safeguarding one’s own secrets and/or sensitive
information against the intelligence of others).

Attrition Warfare
Attrition Warfare is the kind of combat used when there is no other way out of the battle and usually
attributes to a temporary victory, so it is not considered a very effective way of ensuring a sure-shot win.
In this strategy, the enemy’s resources, manpower and equipment are slowly but steadily worn down in a
prolonged fight involving small-scale and insignificant battles, so that the enemy is forced to put down its
guard and is not prepared for a full-blown attack.

15
Ambush
Ambush is a pretty straightforward way of attacking. The group of attackers hides in an unsuspecting
spot, waiting for the enemy to walk right into their trap, only to take the enemy by surprise by attacking
them at an opportune moment, one which they are not suspecting at all. Ambushes can take place in a
range of environments, all the way from forests to even vacant houses. However, there is also a risk in an
ambush, and so it needs to be planned meticulously.

Flanking Maneuver
Flanking Maneuver is a method in which the attack is not done face-to-face, or directly in front of the
enemy, as would be generally expected. Instead, the attack is done from the side or from any other
direction in which the enemy is less vigilant and has less attention. This allows the attacker to catch the
enemy’s vulnerable spot and use it to their advantage. Flanking Maneuvers are, just like many other
forms of warfare, not always ethical but surely very effective.8

Air and Naval Warfare

Once again, just like Mobile Warfare, Air and Naval Warfare also do not concern us as much, due to the
lack of specialized machinery and equipment we have. Nonetheless, we must be cautious about the fact
that the forces we are fighting against can attack us not only on land, but also through air or water, and
these attacks can be extremely lethal due to their unpredictability. We must stay prepared for a
counterattack and also must remain vigilant at all times.

Our Resources

You will find a list of resources provided to you in a separate resources sheet, which needs to be kept in
mind while drafting your directives so that your decisions remain as realistic as possible.

16
Useful Maps

Map of European Russia in February 1918

17
 Map of the Ukrainian People’s Republic in March 1918

18
Description of Portfolios
The following is the list of historical figures delegates will be representing in our TCC cabinet.

Ivan Klyopov
Ivan Klyopov was a left SR and former Soviet official who was popular at the forefront of local peasant
uprisings and revolts against the Bolshevik rule, particularly in the Russian town of Livny. He had the
ability to lead, and had a command over, up to 12,000 villagers from there and the surrounding areas.

Nestor Makhno
Nestor Ivanovych Makhno was a famous Ukrainian revolutionary and visionary, who led a group of
peasants during the Ukrainian War of Independence, also known as the Ukrainian Civil War, which was
raging simultaneously with the Russian Civil War, and saw active involvement from Russian forces.

Danylos Terpylo
Danylo(s) Ilkovych Terpylo was another well-known Ukrainian who was actively involved in the
Ukrainian peasant insurrection (which also took place around the same time as the events of the Russian
Civil War). He was commonly known as the Otaman Zelenny (literally: Green Commander).

Nykyfor Hryhoriv
Nykyfor Oleksandrovych Hryhoriv was yet another Ukrainian military leader who hailed from Kherson
and played a key role in many major protests and uprisings against the government. He is also rather
infamous for constantly changing sides during the wars fought by Ukraine against the Soviet armies.

Alexander Antonov
Alexander Stepanovich Antonov was a Russian revolutionary who was leftist in nature and was a
member of the Socialist Revolutionary Party. He had a major influence on the battles fought by the
Russian peasantry and had a vital task in places such as Tambov and other localities in the vicinity.

Dmitry Antonov
Dmitry Stepanovich Antonov held extremely non-allied ideologies at the time, as he was entirely against
both the Reds and the Whites and so, his stance aligned with that of the Green Army. He had an
important role to play.

Efim Mamontov
Efim Mefod’evich Mamontov was the son of a peasant, hailing from the village of Peski. He made a lot of
effort to organize partisans, peasants and other workers into forces in the struggle for their independence.

These portfolios belong to individuals who had a great affinity towards peasants and wanted to liberate
them during the war. They were never together; in fact, these leaders were scattered throughout the
region. However, it is now your responsibility to ensure a consensus among them.
19
Questions a directive must answer
Perhaps what captures a directive, in a nutshell, is its precision when it comes to the decisions included in
the directives, along with the specifics mentioned about each and every issue in it.

Following is a rough skeleton of what a directive should ideally look like (all relevant sections):

1. The issue in brief and the purpose of your directive:

a. The problem statement (that is being addressed),
b. Details about the mission you are undertaking;

2. Form of solution being chosen and the list of proposers;

3. List of resources and capital being employed for the project:

a. Their source/origin (where they are being obtained from),
b. Their quantity and justification for using the same,
c. Other specifications such as duration of mission;

4. A comprehensive and detailed action plan, giving clarity on every step;

5. Some important questions you should ask yourself while writing it:
a. Which all, when, and where the resources will be deployed,
b. How and why do these resources need to be put to use,
c. What to do in case of inadvertent failure or unforeseen circumstances,
d. Who will make sure that these resources are sustained throughout the mission;

6. Back-up plans, either step-wise after each move or an entirely different plan B at the end of the directive
(need to answer the same questions as above for the back-up plan too);

7. What are the aims and objectives of the directive, and what advantages it seeks to achieve:
a. Short-term objectives in terms of impact intended and estimated enemy downfall,
b. Long-term objectives such as effect on the overall strength of the forces involved, duration of the
war, the approach of different countries towards the matter, and futuristic point of view;

8. All of the above questions need to be answered in great detail but concisely (it is ironic, but true).

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