MODELING AND PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS OF

PV PANEL USING INCREMENTAL CONDUCTANCE

MAXIMUM POWER POINT TRACKING

A THESIS

Submitted by

M.MANIKANDA PRABHU

Register No: 950011407008

in partial fulfillment for the award of the degree

of
MASTER OF ENGINEERING
in
ENERGY ENGINEERING

FACULTY OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

REGIONAL CENTRE
ANNA UNIVERSITY
TIRUNELVELI - 627007

JULY 2013
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ANNA UNIVERSITY: CHENNAI 600 025

BONAFIDE CERTIFICATE

Certified that this project report “MODELING AND PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS OF

PV PANEL USING INCREMENTAL CONDUCTANCE MAXIMUM POWER
POINT TRACKING” is the bonafide work of “M.MANIKANDA PRABHU
(950011407008)” who carried out the project work under my supervision. Certified further
that to the best of my knowledge and the work reported herein does not form any other
thesis or dissertation on the basis of which a degree or award was conferred on an earlier
occasion on this or any other candidate.

HEAD OF THE DEPARTMENT SUPERVISOR

Dr. A. Manivannan M.E, Ph.D, Dr. A. Manivannan M.E, Ph.D,

Assistant Professor, Assistant Professor,
Dept. of Mechanical Engineering Dept. of Mechanical Engineering
Regional Centre Regional Centre
Anna University Anna University
Tirunelveli. Tirunelveli

Submitted for the viva – voice examination held on ___________

Internal Examiner External Examiner

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I am gratefully indebted to Dr. V.Sundareswaran, Regional Director and Dean,

Regional Center of Anna university, Tirunelveli, for supporting and guiding us at all times.

I wish to express my deep sense of gratitude to my Dr. A. Manivannan, Assistant

professor, Department of Mechanical Engineering, for providing me an opportunity to work

on this project. I also thank for his enthusiastic guidance and constant encouragement in

completing the project.

I wish to express my profound thanks to Mr. S. Rajakumar, M.Tech., Assistant

professor, Regional Center of Anna University , Tirunelveli for his kind support and the

facilities provided to complete the work in time.

I am very thankful to all staff members for their kind suggestions and also for

extending their food guidance for the completion of my project.

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ABSTRACT
Photovoltaic energy is the most important resource since it is clean, pollution

free, and inexhaustible. In recent years, a large number of techniques have been

proposed for tracking the maximum power point (MPP).Maximum power point

tracking (MPPT) is used in photovoltaic (PV) systems to maximize the photovoltaic

array output power, irrespective of the temperature and radiation conditions and of

the load electrical characteristics the PV array output power is used to directly control

the dc/dc converter, thus reducing the complexity of the system.

This project is proposed to find the MPPT in solar PV panel using incremental

conductance algorithm. CUK converter is used to achieve the power. It is simulated

by the MATLAB simulink and also fabricated to track the maximum output power.

Achieved maximum power is given as the input to the windmill rotor. After attaining

synchronous speed input power to the windmill is stopped and the achieved output

power is given to the grid (load). In this output voltage is compared with the input

voltage of the MPPT. It gives out the windmill output data such as voltage, current

and power corresponding to the solar output data. In this achieved maximum

efficiency is of about 90%.Several characteristics of the PV panel were discussed

here to know the increase in percentage of efficiency.

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 vi

TABLE OF CONTENTS

CHAPTER NO TITLE PAGE NO

ABSTRACT (ENGLISH) iv
ABSTRACT (TAMIL) v
LIST OF TABLES viii
LIST OF FIGURES ix

1 INTRODUCTION 1
1.1 MOTIVATION 1
1.2 NEED FOR IDENTIFICATION 1
1.3 VARIOUS MPPT METHODS 1
1.3.1 Incremental Conductance method 1

2 LITERATURE SURVEY 5

3 OBJECTIVE AND METHODOLOGY 9

3.1 OBJECTIVE 9
3.2 METHODOLOGY 9

4 SIMULATION AND FABRICATION OF INCREMENTAL 10

INCREMENTAL CONDUCTANCE MAXIMUM POWER
POINT TRACKING PV PANEL
4.1 PHOTOVOLTAIC CELL 10
4.1.1 PHOTOVOLTAIC MODULE 10
4.1.2 PV PANEL MODELING 11
4.2 SYSTEM DESCRIPTION 13
4.3 CONTROLLING METHOD 14
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4.3.1 Direct control method 14

4.4 PV MODULE AND MPPT METHODOLOGY 15

4.5 CONVERTER SELECTION 16
4.5.1 DC – DC CONVERTER 16
4.5.2 PROPER CONVERTER SELECTION 17
4.6 MATLAB CIRCUIT FOR THE PROTOTYPE
MODEL OF PV PANEL 19
4.7 FABRICATION CIRCUIT FOR THE PROTOTYPE 23
MODEL OF PV PANEL

5 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 24

5.1 SIMULATION RESULTS 24
5.2 FABRICATION RESULTS 30
6 CONCLUSION 45
6.1 CONCLUSION 45

APPENDIX – I 46

APPENDIX – II 49

REFERENCES 52
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LIST OF TABLES

TABLE TITLE PAGE NO

1.1 Comparison of MPPT methods 4

4.1 Electrical parameters of PV module 16
5.1 Solar panel data 30
5.2 Windmill data 33
5.3 Voltage data 35
5.4 Solar panel data 37
5.5 Windmill data 40
5.6 Voltage data 42
5.7 Simulation and fabrication results 44
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LIST OF FIGURES

FIGURE TITLE PAGE NO

1.1 Incremental Conductance flowchart 2
1.2 Characteristics of MPPT using Incremental conductance 3
4.1 PV module 11
4.2 Equivalent circuit of PV panel 11
4.3 Characteristics of PV panel 12
4.4 System description 13
4.5 Fabrication model 14
4.6 Electrical circuit of the Cuk converter used as the 18
PV power-stage interface
4.7 Cuk converter with (a) switch ON and (b) switch OFF 18
4.8 Matlab circuit of PV panel 20
4.9 PV panel module 21
4.10 Matlab modeling circuit of PV panel 22
4.11 Fabrication model 23
5.1 Output characteristics of PV panel 25

5.2 Output characteristics of motor 26

5.3 MPPT signal 27

5.4 Output voltage of MOSFET 28

5.5 Efficiency curve of Incremental conductance MPPT PV panel 29

5.6 Solar output characteristics 31

5.7 Solar output voltage with respect to duty cycle 32

5.8 Solar output current with respect to duty cycle 32
5.9 windmill output characteristics 34
5.10 voltage with respect to speed 34
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5.11 current with respect to speed 35

5.12 voltage data 36
5.6 Solar output characteristics 38

5.7 Solar output voltage with respect to duty cycle 39

5.8 Solar output current with respect to duty cycle 39
5.9 windmill output characteristics 41
5.10 voltage with respect to speed 41
5.11 current with respect to speed 41
5.12 voltage data 43