Submitted by

Name: Farisa Tazree Ahmed

Student Id: 1912999630
Date: 1.10.2020
 Answer to the Question no. 02

b) Achieved Status vs Ascribed Status

Achieved status is the status one can gain through his own efforts, using their merits.
They are not born with the status. They earn it with hard work and patience. Ascribed
status is the status which someone is born with, they do not have to work to get this
status. For example, a prince becomes a prince by birth and a brahmin Hindu becomes a
brahmin being born under a Brammo family. On the other hand, Barack Obama became
the president through his efforts and hard work, he was not born with the position and
status. Osain Bolt became the fastest sprinter in the world through his patience and
dedication towards practice. He was not born as the fastest sprinter.

c) Trickle-down development
Trickle-down development is a theory that argues that benefits from the wealthy people
trickle down to the needy owns. It says the tax cut, employment opportunity, and
economic growth of the country ultimately reach the poor class indirectly, although the
amount is minimal. This theory is seen to come true in the society but, this does not
justify the inequality of distribution and exploitation. For example, A highway is built
spending millions of dollars for 2 crores of people living in the city and no money it
spends on the development of the village farmers. This is inequality, but the farmers do
get some indirect benefits from the highway, their produces can be transported faster
using it but this does not solve the inequality problem.

d) Development vs growth
Growth includes the increase of per capita income, infrastructure, the economic growth
like GNP and GDP. It may or may not be a cause of development. But, if the growth is
managed properly it can create new developments. Development measures the quality of
life, the reduction of previous issues like decrease of child date rate, increase of life
expectancy and nutritional intake, a decrease in the number of crimes in the society. For
example, if a country’s GNP is 700 billion dollars in 2015 and 780 billion dollars in 2018
 here, we can see growth. The increase of infrastructure in a country is growth. Now, if the
child death rate of the country reduces from 30 children per 1000 to 10 children per 1000
this can be called development. A decrease in annual crime in a society can be considered
as development.

e) Basic research vs applied research

Basic research is a simpler type of research. Its main goal is to explain different aspects
and findings of the topic and to help us to widen our knowledge about it. Applied
research is more intermediate as the name suggests, it directly researches on an issue to
find a solution through the findings. It solves the social problem. For example, research
about why there are social conflicts is basic and lays the foundation for the applied
research on how to reduce social conflict in a certain society. Basic researches are done
by academic institutions and intellectuals and is published in books and journals as
commissioned works. Applied researches are done for social service agency, business,
non-profit organizations.

f) Looking glass self

No human being is born with a sense of self. A sense of self grows with the help of social
interaction. It grows gradually depending on how we think others view us as. Our sense
of self and actions are affected by the people’s judgment of us. This is known as a
looking glass self. American sociologist Charles Horton Cooley gave us the Looking-
Glass Self theory. For example, a university student Hoimonti might be confidently put
on her favorite dress and go to university but her friends might say it makes her look fat.
She sill stop wearing her favorite dress and might feel less confident about her body.
Here he grew a sense of self through how people made her feel. Again a teacher might
correct a lot of things in a student's copy to give him scope to improve, but the student
might assume he has performed poorly in the exam and get less motivated to study.
 Answer to the Question no. 03

Resources are the materials that can be accessed and can be used for particular benefits.
Resources are the things that are considered valuable and are used for the improvement of the
life chances of an individual. Resources can be divided into mainly two parts.

 Personal Resources
 Social Resources

Personal resources are the ones that have individual ownerships including money, inherited
property, skills, education, and many more. The individual has all the right to enjoy and use this
resource and is not obliged to share it with anyone. Social resources are the resources that are
owned by the society. Everyone in the society has the right to use it. Examples include
information, social services, recreation centers, mosques and temples, and many more. Social
resources are mostly owned by the government. The money of the country is also a social
resource. Everyone has the right to enjoy it equally. These should be distributed among all in the
society. But if these are not distributed in a proper way, inequalities can be seen which creates a
lot of problems. These resources are used for the development of the society and people living
there. Resouces can further be divided into a few other categories.

 Economic Resouces
 Cultural Resources
 Human Resources
 Civil Resources
 Political Resouces
 Honorific Resouces

Economic resources are the monetary resources, that have some form of liquidity to transfer into
money. For example, land assets, money, property. Cultural resources are the ones which help in
being successful, that is the knowledge and information we get and the skills we learn from the
society through socialization. Human resources are the educated and trained people of the
society, they can earn money using their skills and knowledge and are a resource for the society.
Civil resources include freedom of vote, freedom of speech, and other legal rights. Political
resources include authority at home, office, and society. Honorific resources are the resources
which give us respect and prestige in the society. An unequal distribution of resources in the
society can become a social problem

Resources are basically used for developing the country. All of the social resources are used for
the growth and development of the society, unlike personal resources. But not every resource is
distributed equally among everyone. For example, the government might build a flyover for
solving the traffic problem of a city. The flyover will need millions of dollars to be built. People
of the city will enjoy the benefits of using this flyover. Although according to the trickle-down
theory people of the villages will also be benefited indirectly from it but, the benefits are
insignificant. If the government spend the same amount of money on facilitating the agriculture
of the village by digging canals, providing the farmers with machines, tools and fertilizer they
would have been benefited way more. This creates a social distance between the people of the
city and the village. They feel distant because of their financial growth. The villagers feel
inferior to the city people because they have been neglected which in turn results in social
stratification. Again, many national banks offer loans to a different business. These loans should
be offered to both small and large business owners. If only the large business is illegible to get
the loans the small businessman will always lag behind. This again will cause them to feel
neglected and hinder their growth resulting in the creation of invisible barriers between the
people of the same society. Also, poor farmers and cottage industries should have the access to
such loans to ensure equal distribution of resources in a country and to prevent the breakdown
of social bonding. This unequal distribution of capitalism is one factor that is continuously
widening the income gap between people. The neglected ones have to live in poverty and have
a very narrow scope of growth in the modern society. They lag behind and thus become a
burden for the country even if they could be a human resource if only they would have got
their equal part of resources. This wealth gap is definitely a social problem that can be seen not
only in Bangladesh but all over the world.

Unequal distribution of resources might cause even more serious problems. Due to the unequal
distribution of wealth, the rich in the society gets richer and the poor become poorer. And when
the price of basic food commodities rise up people who have money can get access to enough
food. It is not likely that people from high-income countries and states will go hungry. Because
they only spend a portion of their money on food. But, the poor will suffer. They have to spend
almost all of their money on food expenses. This will cause the rise of hunger issues all over the
world which in addition creates few other crimes.

Long term unequal distribution of resources in a society makes the neglected ones agitated.
They at one point become fearless and start to protest and go violent. A good example can be the
people of the Indian subcontinent during the end of the colonial rule. They understood they were
being deprived of the resources which they have the right to get and gradually turned the British
out from the land. The people of this land still have some sort of anger towards the British
people. This feeling of anger for being deprived, a social conflict is still existent till date.

A few other problems caused by the unequal distribution of resources are illiteracy,
unemployment, and health problems. If only a specific city is developed and has all the major
industries the people all over the country do not get enough jobs. Likewise, villages in
Bangladesh have, for example, 1 doctor for every 3000 people where Dhaka has 1 doctor for
every 300 people. Even uneven infrastructure caused many villages of Bangladesh to not have a
proper hospital and school, causing illiteracy and failure of prevention of preventive disease.

Even when society follows the unequal distribution of resources, it might experience some
growth. But it does not satisfy the citizens. For the actual development of the standard of quality
of lives, equal distribution of resources is a must. It is the key to the solution to these social
problems, it is the key to building a successful society.