weight, while landings with stiff

leg joints demand six to eight

times body weight.

Reactive power is the ability to

generate force for a jump
immediately after landing

Throwing power involves

applying force against an
implement (e.g., football,
baseball, javelin).

Takeoff Power:

Crucial in events where athletes

aim to project the body to the
highest point, such as high
jump or catching a ball.
Jump height depends directly
on vertical force applied against
the ground, often at least twice
the athlete's weight.
Starting Power:

Necessary for sports requiring

high acceleration over one or
two steps.

Fast start in sprinting or from a

tackling position in American
football depends on the
athlete's power, relative
strength, and reaction time.

Acceleration Power:

Refers to the capacity to rapidly

increase speed, reaching
maximum speed within around
6 seconds.

Athletes running fast must

quickly change direction,
requiring both leg and shoulder
power for efficient deceleration
and acceleration in another
direction.
Deceleration power involves
eccentric contraction of
muscles used in acceleration.

Strength training may slow

athletes down when trained like
bodybuilders; however, using
higher loads, such as in the
MxS method, recruits most
fast-twitch fibers at the start of
the set.

Power is a combination of
starting and explosive strength,
crucial for excelling in sports
with limited time for force
application

Strength reserve is the

difference between maximum
strength and the strength
required to perform a skill under
competitive conditions.
Strength reserve is crucial in
preventing negative transfer
and is calculated by subtracting
the mean strength required for
a skill under competition from
absolute strength.

Ligament stiffness increases to

restrict excessive motion during
high loads, but excessive stress
can lead to injury.
6. Proper conditioning can
prevent injuries by adapting
ligaments and tendons to
handle mechanical stress.
Abuse of steroids can increase
muscle force at the expense of
ligament and tendon material
properties.
12. Increasing force without
strengthening ligaments and
tendons can lead to injuries.

Strength training programs

should prioritize core muscle
development before focusing
on the arms and legs.
2. Core muscles play a crucial
role in stabilizing the body and
transmitting force between the
legs and arms.
3. Weak core muscles limit an
athlete's ability to perform
jumps, rebounds, and
plyometric exercises.

Balance is not a limiting factor

for performance, and the body
adapts to the instability of
sports through participating in
the sport itself

Studies have shown that

proprioception training can help
provide stability to previously
injured or unstable joints

The goal is to perform