1 ISAE JUICE Jan 2020 1 Introduction FF CC

STUDY CASE: JUICE
System Engineering of Space Mission , IS-452
JUI-ADST-SYS-HO-000178
Agenda
1. Goal of the module
2. People
3. Summary of the week
4. JUICE science mission overview
5. JUICE science payload overview
2
Goal of the module
 Illustrate the System Engineering Process for spacecraft design and development through the
JUICE (*) scientific mission currently in implementation phase for European Space Agency
 Put emphasis on verification & validation process

28/01/2020
08:15 09:15 C. Cavel JUICE Industrial Manager Introduction/Objective of the module
09:30 10:30 C. Cavel JUICE mission and system performance
10:45 11:45 F. Faye JUICE System Manager JUICE spacecraft design approach
12:00 13:00 F. Faye JUICE spacecraft design approach
14:00 15:00 F. Juillard JUICE Functional Validation Architect Functional verification

15:15 16:45 F. Juillard Functional verification
29/01/2020
08:15 09:15 - -
09:30 10:30 E. Ecale JUICE Operations and FDIR architect FDIR and operations concept
10:45 11:45 E. Ecale FDIR and operations verification and validation
14:00 15:00 P. Lelong Astrobus Product Line manager Validation for product lines vs one shot spacecraft
15:15 16:45 P. Lelong Validation for product lines vs one shot spacecraft
30/01/2020
08:15 09:15 -
09:30 10:30 V.Poinsignon JUICE (ex) Project manager Management of a cornerstone mission for ESA
10:45 11:45 V.Poinsignon Management of a cornerstone mission for ESA
14:00 15:00 - -
15:15 16:45 - -
31/01/2020
08:15 09:15 T. Schirmann JUICE development and AIV manager Spacecraft AIV and AIT
09:30 10:30 T. Schirmann Spacecraft AIV and AIT
10:45 11:45 F.Faye Wrap up and conclusion
(*): JUICE stands for “Jupiter Icy moons Explorer”

p3
Agenda
2. People
4
People
p5 02.2012
Agenda
2. People
6
Summary of the week
System engineering within space activities
Marketing and Contract Development Production Support

Bid prepatation
Prepare proposal
Market analysis
Prepare
Contract In ops
bid / no System System Produc-
submitted Initial System support
bid integra- valida- tion and
awarded and design design and
infor- tion tion delivery
negociated service
mation
Planning, requirements and risk management analysis documentation
1 1B 2A 2B 3A 3B 4 5 6 7…
A
Contract Award Phase reviews
Focus on engineering Engineering as support task

p7
02.201
Summary of the week
Space System Engineering
Engineering Life-Cycle
Project Phases
M DR
Stakeholder Operation &
O+A Need
Requiremen Architectura Implemen-
Integration Verification
Transition
Validation Maintenanc Disposal
Mission Analysis /Needs t Analysis l Design tation (to use)
Definition e
Identification
Feasibility
PRR
B SRR Stakeholder Operation &

Requiremen Architectura Implemen- Transition
Need Integration Verification Validation Maintenanc Disposal
Preliminary Definition Definition
t Analysis l Design tation (to use)
e
PDR
Stakeholder Operation &

C Requiremen Architectura Implemen-
Transition
Need
Detailed Definition Definition
e
CDR
D Stakeholder Operation &

QR Requiremen Architectura Implemen- Transition
Production / Ground Need
t Analysis l Design tation
(to use)
Qualification Testing Definition e
AR
ORR
E FRR Stakeholder
Requiremen Architectura Implemen- Transition
Operation &
Need Integration Verification Validation Maintenanc Disposal
Utilisation Definition
e
End Of Life
E
Disposal Phase
p8
A long story…
Advanced studies (JSM, JEM, JGO, LAPLACE…)
JUICE Phase A/B1…)
JUICE selection by ESA
Phase B2/CD proposal
Airbus selected as Prime for JUICE
Preliminary definition phase (B2)
Detailed definition (C) and development phase (D)
Launch
In orbit commissionning
Interplanetary transfer phase
Jupiter insertion
Jovian system phase
Date - 9
Development master schedule
10
Agenda
2. People
11
ESA Solar system exploration missions and JUICE
ESA SOLAR SYSTEM EXPLORATION
SolO
Close to the Sun
TOULOUSE PRIME CONTRACTOR
MAJOR CONTRIBUTION FROM TOULOUSE ON AVIONICS
JUICE science objective
“The objective of the JUICE mission is the investigation of Jupiter and its icy moons, Callisto,
Ganymede and Europa. It addresses the question of whether possible habitats of life are provided
underneath the surfaces of the icy satellites as well as Jupiter’s atmosphere & magnetosphere”
 Ganymede (main focus): Characterise Ganymede as a planetary object

including its potential habitability
 Europa/Callisto: Explore Europa to investigate its habitability, and Callisto to

shed light on the origins of the Galilean satellites
 Jupiter System: Explore the Jupiter system as an archetype for gas giants
13
Are Ganymede and Europa potentially habitable worlds ?
The habitable zone is not restricted to the Earth’s orbit…
Necessary ingredients
• Liquid water
Surface/Deep habitats • Essential elements
• Energy
• Time
Credit @ IAS-MAJIS
14
Are Ganymede and Europa potentially habitable worlds ?
The habitable zone is not restricted to the Earth’s orbit…
Necessary ingredients
• Liquid water
Surface/Deep habitats Deep habitats • Essential elements
• Energy
• Time
Deep habitats
Credit @ IAS-MAJIS
15
Jupiter Icy Moons are large bodies of the Solar System
© William Crochot CC BY-SA 4.0 16

Credit:@JPL /Europa Clipper
09 October 2014 17
Jupiter magnetosphere size from Earth ground:
Largest feature of the solar system
Jupiter magnetosphere and magnetodisk
09 October 2014 19
09 October 2014 20
More water on Ganymede than on Earth?
~5200 km
©NASA
Ganymede magnetosphere in Jupiter magnetosphere
Something unique in the solar system
JUI-ADST-SYS-HO-000178 © X.Jia (Univ. Michigan) and M. Kivelson (UCLA)

Europa: Primary objective of Europa Clipper by NASA JPL
23
e-, O+, S+…
Radiation produced oxydants

(O2, H2O2, CH2O)
Hydrothermally produced
reductants H2,S H2, CH4, Fe
24
Callisto: a non active moon?
25
Agenda
2. People
26
ESA – Selected
JUICE Instrument Suite
SWI 3GM
Submillimeter spectrometer Radio science PEP
Atmosphere sounding profiles Particle suite
Gravity fields & atmosphere JMAG RPWI
Sniffing atmosphere and
Sensing magnetosphere sand In situ
magnetosphere composition
Moon ocean properties radio and plasma waves
GALA
sampling
Laser altimeter
Moon surface topography
UVS
Ultra Violet Spectrograph JANUS
Multipectral visible Camera
MAJIS
Atmosphere composition
Mapping alien landscape Hyperspectral VIS-IRSpectrometer
Surface chemical fingerprints
RIME
Subsurface radar
Plumbing the ice shells
Geophysics Credit:@JPL /Europa Clipper
27
Payload: remote sensing instrument suiteon observation of
Jupiter
Focused onand its icy
observation moons,
of the surface oftheir
Jupiter surfaces
and its and the
icy moons and the composition of their atmospheres
composition of their atmospheres
JANUS: “Jovis, Amorum ac Natorum Undique Scrutator”
Multispectral visible / near infra red high resolution imager for
planetary surface geology
MAJIS: “Moons and Jupiter Imaging Spectrometer”

Hyper spectral imaging spectrometer in the visible and near infra-red
bands for planetary surface and atmosphere composition
SWI “Submillimeter Wave Instrument”

Spectrometer with two bands in sub millimetre wavelength for
atmosphere vertical sounding
UVS “Ultra Violet Spectrograph”

Spectrometer in the Ultra Violet (UV) bands, dedicated to
atmosphere and aurora observation of Jupiter and its icy moons
Driving requirements for pointing accuracy and stability,

manoeuvrability, data volume, thermal performance,
thermoelastic stability, cleanliness and contamination
28
Remote sensing instument - JANUS
 Geology of icy moons, Jupiter's
atmosphere, ring system and satellites:
o Multi-channel Optical camera to study global,

regional and local morphology and processes on the
moons, and to perform mapping of the clouds on
Jupiter.
– At high altitude, the camera provides global mapping of the
moons and context images around Ganymede, Europa and
Callisto.
– At low altitude the camera produces high resolution images for
target areas on the icy moons, from 25 m/pixel down to 2.4
m/pixel.
 Imaging system:
o Wavelength range:
o 350 – 1050 nm,
o 13 filters (on a filter wheel).
o FOV: 1.72° x 1.29°
o spatial resolution
 up to 10 m/pxl (moons)
 up to 2 km/pxl (Jupiter)
29
Remote sensing instrument - MAJIS
 Moons surface composition, moons
atmosphere, Jupiter’s atmosphere, ring
system and satellites:
o Hyper-spectral imaging spectrometer for observing

tropospheric cloud features and minor species on
Jupiter and for the characterization of ices and
minerals on the surfaces of icy moons.
o Contributes to the understanding of the Jovian system
and its evolution.
 Vis-Near IR imaging spectrometer
o Wavelength range: 0.4 – 5.7 μm;

o Spectral resolution: 3 – 7 nm;
o FOV: 3.4°,
o Spatial pixel resolution:
• 60m (moons)
• 100km (Jupiter).
30
Remote sensing instrument - SWI
 Jupiter's atmosphere, icy moons

atmospheres and surfaces, Io:
o Instrument to investigate the temperature structure,

composition and dynamics of Jupiter's stratosphere and
troposphere (molecules and vertical winds), and the
exospheres and surfaces of the icy moons
 Passive Heterodyne Microwave Spectrometer
o Frequency band 530-625GHz and 1088-1267GHz

o Resolving power 107,
o 29 cm antenna
o Spatial resolution 2 mrad (at 600GHz)
o Direct Doppler wind measurements: 10 m/s accuracy
31
Remote sensing instrument - UVS
 Atmosphere of moons & Aurora of Jupiter:
o Ultra-Violet spectrometer to characterize the

composition and dynamics of the exospheres of the icy
moons, to study the Jovian aurorae, and to investigate
the composition and structure of the upper atmosphere.
 Ultra-Violet spectrometer:
o Spectral range: 55 – 210 nm,

o Spectral resolution: <0.6 nm;
o Spatial resolution:
• 0.5 km (moons),
• 250 km (Jupiter)
32
Payload: geophysics instrument suite
Dedicated to the restitution of the surface relief, the sub
surface composition and the gravity fields restitution.
GALA: “Ganymede Laser Altimeter”

Laser altimeter allowing to provide topographic information of the
moons.
RIME “Radar for Icy Moon Exploration”

Subsurface sounding radar instrument (up to few kilometers), using a
16 m dipole antenna provided by the spacecraft.
3GM: “Gravity and Geophysics of the Galilean Moons”

Radio-science instrument, relying on communications links (X and Ka
bands) to deduce gravity field of the moons.
Driving requirements for navigation accuracy, orbit

determination, spacecraft mass properties
33
Geophysics instrument - GALA
 Moons shape & topography:
o Laser altimeter for studying the tidal deformation of

Ganymede and the morphology and topography of
the surfaces of the icy moons
 Time of Flight laser altimeter
o Receiver aperture 10cm

o Laser Wavelength (Nd:YAG): 1064.3 nm
o Pulse
 Energy: 17mJ (EOL)
 Repetition rate 1 to 30 Hz pulse (& 50 Hz Fly-By)
o Resolution at 500km up to
 50 m horizontal,
 0.1 m vertical
34
Geophysics instrument - RIME
 Moons sub-surface study
An ice penetrating radar to study the sub-surface structure

of the icy moons.
Characterize Ganymede as planetery object and possible
habitat
Explore Europa’s recently active zones
Study callisto as remnant of the early Jovian system
 Radar sounder (Ice Penetrating Radar - IPR)
o 16m dipole antenna

o 9 MHz (bandwidth: ±1.5 MHz)
o PRF 100Hz to 1kHz
o Pulse width 50 to 250 μsec
o Up to 9 km depth and
Radargram of Planum Boreum on Mars @ NASA SHARAD
o 50 m vertical resolution in ice

35
Geophysics instrument – 3GM
 The experiment relies on X and Ka bands communications
links and will provide accurate range and range rate data of
JUICE, to deduce gravity field of the moons. It includes also
an Ultra-Stable Oscillator and a Ka band transponder.
 KaT: Gravity field and moon interiors,

occultation and moons' ephemerides.
o Radio science package to study the gravity field at

Ganymede and the extent of internal oceans on the icy
moons, Gravity field up to degree 10 at Ganymede;
o Allan Deviation (over 1000sec) < 1 x 10-15
 USO: Jupiter Atmosphere (Ultra Stable Oscillator).
o To investigate the dynamics of the atmospheres and

ionospheres of Jupiter and its satellites.
o Allan Deviation (over 1000sec) < 6 x 10-13
36
Payload: In situ instruments suite
Provide data on the Jovian environment on the plasma and
the fields surrounding the moons
JMAG “JUICE Magnetometer”

Magnetometer instrument based on the use of two fluxgates and a scalar
magnetometer located along a boom provided by the spacecraft.
RPWI “Radio and Plasma Wave Investigation”

Radio & Plasma Wave Instrument which includes three experiments of
electrical measurement of plasma waves (LP-PWI), radio emission (RWI) and
alternative magnetic field (SCM) aiding the Ganymede plasma analysis.
PEP “Particle Environment Package”

Includes six sensors spread over three units to cover the 4π steradians
around the spacecraft. It studies the Jupiter and icy moons magnetospheres
and their interactions between them but also exosphere and ionosphere
composition of the Jovian moons.
Driving requirements for EMC (AC and DC electrical and

magnetic fields), charging, cleanliness and contamination,
geometrical field of views ,
Associated need for large appendages
37
In situ instrument - JMAG
 Characterization of oceans and interiors of
moons, study of Jupiter's magnetosphere
o Magnetometer to characterize the Jovian magnetic

field, its interaction with the internal magnetic field of
Ganymede, and to study subsurface oceans of the icy
moons.
 Magnetometer
o The magnetometer must accurately measure the local

magnetic field, on timescales from days to less than a
few Hertz, with a relative precision of a few pT and
absolute precision, including spacecraft effects, of 0.2
nT or better.
• B-field bandwitdth DC up to 64 Hz
• ±8 μT with ΔB = 1 pT
• ±50 μT with ΔB = 6 pT
38
In situ instruments - RPWI
 Plasma and fields measurements in the
Jovian system:
o The radio Plasma Wave Instrument characterizes

the thermal plasma, DC electric fields, electric and
magnetic signals from radio, plasma waves and
micrometeorite impacts in the Jovian
magnetosphere and around icy moons (as well as
monitoring the spacecraft potential and integrated
EUV flux).
 Measured quantities
o E-field : DC – 45 MHz,
o B-field : 0.1 Hz – 20 kHz;
o Cold Plasma properties: <100eV
39
In situ instruments - PEP
 Study of Jovian plasma system:
o Plasma package to measure density and fluxes of

positive and negative ions, electrons, exospheric
neutral gas, thermal plasma and Energetic Neutral
Atoms of the moons‘ exospheres
 Plasma environment package (6 sensors):
o Measurement of positive and negative ions,

electrons, exospheric neutral gas, thermal plasma,
energetic neutral atoms.
o Full sphere coverage for plasma and full pitch-angle
coverage for energetic particles.
o Neutral gas and thermal plasma spectrometry: Mass
resolution > 1100
o Coverage of positive and negative ions: 1 eV - 5
MeV (with mass resolution ≥ 30)
o Imaging Energetic Neutral Atoms over the energy
range 10 eV – 300 keV.
40
JUICE science payload and frequency spectrum coverage
*Note: Without PEP dedicated to in situ plasma and particle measures
41
JUICE mission implementation
Characterize the Jovian atmosphere & magnetosphere. Jupiter tour (with especially the Jupiter
high latitudes phase) & orbits around
Study the Jovian satellites and ring system. Ganymede
Explore Europa’s recently active zones. Europa fly-bys
Characterize Ganymede as a planetary object and a possible Ganymede fly-bys / Elliptical & circulars
habitat. orbit around Ganymede
Study Callisto as a remnant of the early Jovian system. Callisto fly-bys
42

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STUDY CASE: JUICE

System Engineering of Space Mission , IS-452

 Put emphasis on verification & validation process

14:00 15:00 F. Juillard JUICE Functional Validation Architect Functional verification

(*): JUICE stands for “Jupiter Icy moons Explorer”

Marketing and Contract Development Production Support

Planning, requirements and risk management analysis documentation

Focus on engineering Engineering as support task

B SRR Stakeholder Operation &

Stakeholder Operation &

D Stakeholder Operation &

Advanced studies (JSM, JEM, JGO, LAPLACE…)

JUICE Phase A/B1…)

JUICE selection by ESA

Phase B2/CD proposal

Airbus selected as Prime for JUICE

Preliminary definition phase (B2)

Detailed definition (C) and development phase (D)

Interplanetary transfer phase

Jovian system phase

TOULOUSE PRIME CONTRACTOR

 Ganymede (main focus): Characterise Ganymede as a planetary object

 Europa/Callisto: Explore Europa to investigate its habitability, and Callisto to

© William Crochot CC BY-SA 4.0 16

JUI-ADST-SYS-HO-000178 © X.Jia (Univ. Michigan) and M. Kivelson (UCLA)

Credit:@JPL /Europa Clipper

Radiation produced oxydants

Credit:@JPL /Europa Clipper

Geophysics Credit:@JPL /Europa Clipper

MAJIS: “Moons and Jupiter Imaging Spectrometer”

SWI “Submillimeter Wave Instrument”

UVS “Ultra Violet Spectrograph”

Driving requirements for pointing accuracy and stability,

o Multi-channel Optical camera to study global,

o Hyper-spectral imaging spectrometer for observing

 Vis-Near IR imaging spectrometer

o Wavelength range: 0.4 – 5.7 μm;

 Jupiter's atmosphere, icy moons

o Instrument to investigate the temperature structure,

 Passive Heterodyne Microwave Spectrometer

o Frequency band 530-625GHz and 1088-1267GHz

o Ultra-Violet spectrometer to characterize the

o Spectral range: 55 – 210 nm,

GALA: “Ganymede Laser Altimeter”

RIME “Radar for Icy Moon Exploration”

3GM: “Gravity and Geophysics of the Galilean Moons”

Driving requirements for navigation accuracy, orbit

o Laser altimeter for studying the tidal deformation of

 Time of Flight laser altimeter

o Receiver aperture 10cm

An ice penetrating radar to study the sub-surface structure

 Radar sounder (Ice Penetrating Radar - IPR)

o 16m dipole antenna

 KaT: Gravity field and moon interiors,

o Radio science package to study the gravity field at

o Allan Deviation (over 1000sec) < 1 x 10-15

 USO: Jupiter Atmosphere (Ultra Stable Oscillator).

o To investigate the dynamics of the atmospheres and

o Allan Deviation (over 1000sec) < 6 x 10-13

JMAG “JUICE Magnetometer”

RPWI “Radio and Plasma Wave Investigation”

PEP “Particle Environment Package”