Recent Work Pods and Seeds of Moringa Oleifera

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Adsorption of cationic dyes from aqueous solution onto modified nanocellulose reinforced porous bio
based polyurethane hybrid composites
10 Substances • 0 Reactions • 0 Citations
By: Vijayan, Jyothy G.; Prabhu, T. Niranjana; Asthana, Nidhi; Abdullah, M. M. ; Albargi, Hasan B.
Journal of Molecular Structure (2024), 1304, 137515 | Language: English, Database: CAplus
In this study polyurethane (PU) based porous composites were synthesized by using the biobased polyol derived from chaulm oogra
and grape seed oils. These polyols were used for the prepar ation of porous PU composites using methylene di- Ph diisocyanate as
hard segment and polyethylene glycol (PEG6000) as soft segment with 1, 4-diazabicyclo[2, 2, 2]octane (DABCO) as catalyst. Swelling
ratio of the PU were analyzed by using water, salt, acid and base buffers. Nanocel lulose prepared from moringa olifera seed pods
were modified (aminated, carboxylated and phosphorylated) and were added as fillers (1, 3, and 5 weight %) to obtain porous
polyurethane composites. The prepared samples were also charact erized by using X RD, SEM, FT-IR, along with other phys. and
chem. methods. The SEM results show the nanofibr illation of cellulose and closed cell porosity in polyure thane. The strength of
nanocellulose filled polyur ethane composites (mNC-PU) increased with the increase in the m NC-content. Using the obtained m NC
as filler, porous polyurethane composite with good adsorption capacity were prepared, and were used for the adsorption of Indigo
carmine (IC), Rhodamine-B(Rh-D) and mixed (binary) dye system. The exptl. process parameters optimi zation was carried out using
Box Behnken Design. The predicted and the exptl. percentage of dye removal were found to be in good agreement with a
maximum of exptl. percentage dye removal being in the range of 85 to 94 % for both IC dye and Rh-D dye individually and from
mixed dye system. The coefficient of determination value and adjusted coeffi cient of determination value indicated that the model
had significant fit. An increase in p H was found to increase the sorption capacities of the porous polyur ethane towards the dyes.
Maximum adsorption was found in the higher pH range of 9- 12.
Keywords: nanocellulose reinforced polyur ethane cationic dye adsorbent wastewater treatment
Substances (10) Reactions (0) Citing (0)

Synthesis of hydrogels from fractionated proteins of Moringa oleifera Lam . seeds for the treatment
of water contaminated with black reactive dye 5
1 Substance • 0 Reactions • 0 Citations
By: Freitas Resende, Jayana; Reck Paulino, Isabela Maria; dos Reis Oliveira, Marina; Ferri, Bruna Bruguer; Bergamasco, Rosangela;
Guilherme, Marcos R.; Rinaldi, Andrelson W.; Vieira, Angelica Marquetotti Salcedo
Canadian Journal of Chemical Engineering (2024), 102(2), 685-702 | Language: English, Database: CAplus
As has been portrayed in the literature, the main proteins extracted from the seeds of Moringa oleifera Lam. have coagulant and
clarifying potential in water treatment. However, when using them as coagulant agents, sludge formation occurs, which is an
environmental problem. Thus, it was proposed to synthesize hydrogels from the main Moringa seeds proteins and use them as
adsorbents. This work aimed to synthesize albumin hydrogels and globulin hydrogels and evaluate their efficiency as adsorbents to
remove the reactive black 5 dye. Through FTIR spectrum it was possible to confirm that the synthesis of hydrogels occurred success
fully. The kinetic data fit the pseudo-second order model for both hydrogels. The equili brium isotherms showed that adsorption
occurs in multilayers, due to Freundlich fitting. The maximum adsorption capacity occurred at 298 K and was 1.19 mg g -1 for the
albumin hydrogel and 10.06 mg g-1 for the globulin hydrogel. Through the results it is possible to state that globulin hydrogel was
more favorable for adsorption since it has a more porous morphol. and requires less mass compared to albumin hydrogel.
Keywords: hydrogel protein Moringa oleifera water black reactive dye 5
Substance (1) Reactions (0) Citing (0)
In-vitro and bio-electrochemical characteristics of phytochemical enriched Co 3O4 nanoparticles loaded

biomimetic scaffold for preclinical analysis
By: Savitha, S.; Surendhiran, S.; Balu, K. S.; Karthik, A.

Polymers for Advanced Technologies (2024), 35(1), e6215 | Language: English, Database: CAplus
The work aims for biomimetic fabric ation of Moringa oleifera seed (MOS) extract-mediated cobalt oxide nanoparticles (Co3O4 N
Ps) with chitosan-sodium alginate scaffolds by solvent casting. Distinct concent rations of green synthe sized Co3O4 nanoparticles
were combined to fabricate scaffolds. XRD anal. revealed the cubic structure with an average crysta llite size of 18.83 nm. Smaller
particle size, spherical morphol., and the presence of organic MOS extract had a substa ntial impact on the physio-chem. properties
of Co3O4 NPs. In-vitro bioactivity Co3O4 NPs and nanoparticles anchored scaffolds were determined using simulated body fluid (S B
F) through HAP formation. The scaffolds' swelling, protein absorption behavior and bio- electrochem. anal. were evaluated under PB
S. The antibacterial activity of Co3O4 NPs/scaffolds was more effective against Gram- pos. bacterial strains than Gram-neg. ones due
to the increased production of ROS. In-vitro cytotoxicity of the synthesized Co3O4 NPs and scaffolds was tested against the M CF-7
cell line using an MTT assay. These studies demons trate that the Co3O4 NPs/scaffolds have excellent physico-chem. characteristics
that increase in-vitro biocompatibility. Furthermore, impedance and LSV studies showed that biomimetic C SA 200 electr olytes
extend host tissue's regenerative compatibility. Also, the anticancer and antibac terial properties of biomimetic scaffold enabled Co3
O4 nanoparticles to retain their required biomaterial characteristics for tissue engineering applications.
Keywords: Moringa extraction antibacterial anticancer Co3O4NP biomimetic scaffold GS biocompatibility

Compositions comprising amarouciaxanthin a esters and uses thereof
12 Substances • 1 Reaction • 0 Citations
Assignee: GAT Therapeutics, S.L.

World Intellectual Property Organization, WO2024013306 A1 2024-01-18 | Language: English, Database: CAplus
The present invention relates to a composition comprising the compound of formula (I) or a stereo isomer thereof, in particular
amarouciaxanthin A acetate as well as their medical and cosmetic uses.
Keywords: amarouciaxanthin ester preparation nutraceutical cosmetics
available Substances (12) Reaction (1) Citing (0)
Exploring the eco-friendly potential of Moringa oleifera parts as biosorbents for atrazine removal
By: Coldebella, P. F.; Valverde, K. C.; Yamaguchi, N. U. ; Ferreira, M. E. C.; Camacho, F. P.; Silva, M. F.; Bittencourt, P. R. S.;
Fagundes-Klen, M. R.; Bergamasco, R.
International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology, | Language: English, Database: CAplus
The ecosystem and humans have been exposed to many types of pesticides, including atrazine. However, few studies evaluated the
different parts of Moringaoleifera ( Moringa ) plant for the removal of pesticides. Thus, this work aimed to study the phys.- chem.
characteristics of Moringa as an environmentally friendly biosorbent to remove atrazine in contam inated water. For this, three
parts of Moringa , seed pulp ( seed ), seed husks (husk) and pod husks ( pod ), were characterized by chem. anal. to obtain in- depth
discussions about their compos ition, thermal stability, morphol. and structure. Atrazine biosorption from synthetic water was
evaluated using seed , husk and pod sep. The results showed that the different parts of Moringa presented similar compos ition,
but seeds presented higher content of proteins and fatty acids and lower amount of cellulose, hemicel lulose and lignin than husks
and pods . Maximum atrazine removal obtained was 85%, 73% and 60% for husk, seed and pods , resp. The simple preparation
and the adsorption atrazine results indicate that Moringa is a promising eco-friendly lignocellulosic and low-cost material for the
removal of organic pollutants.
Keywords: Moringa biosorbent atrazine water contamination

Optimization of Rhodamine-B Dye Adsorption Using Moringa olifera Seed Pod Based NC,
Phosphorylated NC and ZIF-8/pNC Composites
7 Substances • 0 Reactions • 1 Citation
By: Vijayan, Jyothy G.; Prabhu, T. Niranjana; Asthana, Nidhi

Journal of Inorganic and Organometallic Polymers and Materials (2023), 33(12), 3716-3731 | Language: English, Database: CAplus
In this work , nanocellulose (NC), modified nanocellulose (pM-NC) and MOF composites (ZIF-8/pM-NC) were synthesized from
Moringa olifera seed pod and were used for the dye adsorp tion. Samples were synthesized in aqueous media by one pot green
methods. The prepared nanocellulose crystals were phospho rylated using orthophosphoric acid. Nano-sized cellulose ester deriva
tives having phosphoryl side groups were synthe sized by the green phosphor ylation of nanocrystalline cellulose, using water, then
processed with phosphoric acid. Phosphorylated nanocellulose was added in the ZIF-8 precursor solution and sonicated to make M
OF- nanocellulose composites. Structural investigation was performed using Fourier Transform IR Spectroscopy (FT-IR), which
indicated the progressive removal of non-cellulosic constituents. Morphol. study was conducted using S EM (SEM). X-ray diffraction
(XRD) anal. revealed the increased crystallinity with successive treatments. Removal efficiency of Rhodamine- B dye by nanocel
lulose, phosphorylated nanocellulose and ZIF-8/pM-NC was studied. Influence of dosage of the adsorbent, p H, temperature and
time were analyzed for the cationic dye removal. Increase in pH 6-12 was accompanied by an increase in the rhodamine dye adsorp
tion. Taguchi L9 orthogonal array have been used for designing the experi ments and the most influenced factors were selected and
modeled by the RSM (BBD) method to obtain the highest percentage of rhodamine dye removal.
Keywords: Moringa olifera seed rhodamine nanocellulose zeolitic imidazolate framework composite
New method of producing a more efficient coagulant for the treatment of water from seeds of
moringa oleifera
By: Hounsinou, Parfait Sagnon; Assogba, Fidele Mahoudo; Hounsinou, Miriam; Adounkpe, Julien; Tometin, Lyde Sewedo Arsene;
Dedjiho, Achille Comlan; Chouti, Waris Kewouyemi; Mama, Daouda; Gbenou, Joachim Djimon; Yayi Ladekan, Eleonore
MethodsX (2023), 11, 102485 | Language: English, Database: CAplus and MEDLINE
The coagulation is essential in raw water treatment. The most used coagulants are often of chem. origin and expensive and their
use generates non-biodegradable residues. This is why innovative studies on the synthesis of natural coagulants based on plant
extracts are very important. This study presents a new method of producing a coagulant for the treatment of water from seeds of
moringa oleifera . The application of the new method is done in several steps: Harvesting moringa oleifera seeds , shelling,
crushing the seeds , extracting oil from moringa oleifera powder, extracting salts from powder from moringa seeds oleifera ,
microfiltration with a 0.2 μm filter and lyophil ization which gives the final product in dry form. We used the resulting product for
coagulation of lake water with an initial turbidity of 40 N TU. This treatment reduced the turbidity of the water by almost 95 % when
we used 0.7 mg of this coagulant per L of water. Moringa has previously been used to produce coagulant but the peculi arity of this
study is that it takes a very small amount of the synthesized product to effectively treat water. The results of this research work
have shown that the coagulant produced rom the seeds of Moringa oleifera can be used effect ively for the treatment of surface
water. The residual turbidity obtained after the treatment of lake water with the coagulant produced was in accordance with the
drinking water standard according to the World Health Organization (WHO) (less than 5 N TU). The coagulant produced by this new
method from moringa oleifera seed is an alternative to aluminum sulfate coagulant for water treatment.
Keywords: Coagulant; Extraction; None; Organic chemistry; Water treatment

Perspective of adults in Saudi Arabia toward complementary and alternative medicine use for autism
spectrum disorder: a cross-sectional study.
By: Khalifa, Ghaidaa F; Alzubaidi, Bakriah Y; Bamarouf, Dina A; Alsaedi, Yazeed B; Alayyafi, Omar H; Ramadan, Majed M
BMC complementary medicine and therapies (2023), 23(1), 454 | Language: English, Database: MEDLINE
BACKGROUND: Autism Spectrum Disorder (A SD) is a high-prevalence neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by communic
ational, social, and behavioral challe nges. Complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) is a group of practices and products that
fall outside the realm of conventional medicine practiced worldwide. Tradit ional CAM is a health practice that comes from a
particular culture, such as the use of Zamzam water and black seeds in Saudi Arabia. C AM comprises widely utilized practices in
Saudi Arabia for children of various ages and adults. In many cases, CAM is used to treat A SD. The aim of this study is to invest igate
the perspectives of adults in Saudi Arabia toward C AM for treating A SD. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted by distri
buting an online questio nnaire to adults in different regions of Saudi Arabia. R ESULTS: A total of 4,311 adults participated in this
study; 66.8% were females and 33.2% were male. Half of the participants reported that they knew about A SD (54.7%). More than
half of the participants indicated that CAM-including art therapy (69.0%), physical exercise (67.0%), and limiting the use of electronic
(55.4%)-could help in A SD management. Around half of the respon dents indicated a belief that tradit ional treatment cannot help in
treating ASD (53.9%). Only 20.0% of the respon dents thought that A SD could be entirely treated using C AM therapies. The most
common source of knowledge about CAM was social media and the internet (58.6%) . CONCLUSIONS: The majority of participants in
this study did not believe that ASD could be treated entirely using C AM. In addition, fewer than half of the partic ipants believed that
CAM therapies could improve different aspects of A SD, such as behavioral issues. The study highli ghted the need for awareness
among residents of Saudi Arabia regarding specific treatments for ASD.
Keywords: Autism spectrum disorder; Complementary and alternative medicine; Perspectives; Saudi Arabia
Insight on the biological treatability of dairy and beverage waste mixture using natural coagulation
prior fermentation
By: Kasmi, M. ; Saada, M.; Ben Salah, R.; Trabelsi, I.; Elleuch, L.
International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology (2023), 20(11), 12681-12694 | Language: English, Database: CAplus
In both dairy and beverage industries, returned products are considered as waste and they are forwarded to the wastewater
treatment plants (WWTP). Nevertheless, such products have an important organic load disturbing the W WTP performance. In this
work , an upstream biol. treatment for those products is proposed. Different mixture propor tions of dairy and cola beverage waste
(DW-B) were studied and their pollution loads were assessed. An equal volume mixture of cola beverage, source of phosphoric acid,
with dairy waste allowed COD and turbidity reductions of 52% and 72%, resp. Moringa oleifera seeds aqueous extract (10 g/L) has
been incorporated (50%) as natural coagulant in the resulted mix D W-B50 . COD and turbidity abatement values reached 92% and
93%, resp. The natural coagulation achieved better results compared to the chem. one using 10% of Fe Cl3 solution (60 g/L) where
the recorded abatement rate was 78% for COD. Then, the indigenous microflora in the mix was used for the biol. treatment which
reduced both COD (76%) and residual sugar (15%) contents. Neverth eless, the mixture inoculation using 1 and 3% of kefir grains
improved sugar consumption rates to 58 and 73%, resp. Such approach allows a better D W-B waste mixture treatability and milk
proteins recovering for eventual valorization.
Keywords: dairy beverage waste coagulation fermentation biol treatability

10
Effects including photobiomodulation of galactomannan gel from Cassia grandis seeds in the healing
process of second-degree burns
By: Souza, Andrea A.; Ribeiro, Katia A.; Seixas, Jose Roberto P. C.; Silva Neto, Jacinto C.; Santiago, Maxwelinne G. P. F.; Aragao-Neto,
Adelmo C.; Lima-Ribeiro, Maria H. M.; Borba, Elizabeth F. O.; Silva, Teresinha G.; Kennedy, John F.; et al
International Journal of Biological Macromolecules (2023), 251, 126213 | Language: English, Database: CAplus and MEDLINE
The epithelium recovery of skin-burned wounds has been currently achieved by several therapies, for example, hydrogel- based
dressings and photobiomodulation therapy (PBMT). Thus, this work aimed to evaluate the healing activity of Cassia grandis seeds '
galactomannan gel, associated or not with PBMT, in second-degree burns. Sixty male Wistar rats were assigned to four groups:
Control (CG), Gel (GG), Laser/PBMT (LG), and Laser+Gel (GLG). Burns were made with an aluminum bar (90°C) , and submitted to clin.
observations diary and area measur ements at specific days. Micros copic anal. was based on histol. criteria. The results showed that
GG, LG, and GLG had a higher contra ction rate (p < 0.05) than C G on the 14th exptl. day, not differing from each other (∼95%) . At 21
days, all groups showed complete contraction (p > 0.05) . Considering the histol. results, LG and GLG showed excellent pro-wound
healing properties after 14 days; at 21 days, all groups showed wound recovery compared to previous days. In view of the macros
copic and microscopic observations, the isolated treatments (Gel or Laser) effect ively accelerated healing; however, the associ ation
(Laser+Gel) promoted re-epithelialization and stromal remodeling with better evolution of epithelium recovery due to the pos.
synergistic effect, thus emerging as a promising therap eutic alternative in the repair of burns.
Keywords: Cassia healing burn galactomannan photobiomodulation gel; Healing agents; Laser therapy; Polysaccharide; Tissue
repair
11
Response of Moringa oleifera trees to salinity stress conditions in Tabuk region, Kingdom of Saudi
Arabia
By: Bayomy, Hala M.; Alamri, Eman S.; Alharbi, Basmah M.; Foudah, Shaden H.; Genaidy, Esmail A.; Atteya, Amira K.
Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences (2023), 30(10), 103810 | Language: English, Database: CAplus and MEDLINE
Moringa oleifera is an amazing tree with various applica tions. Salinity is a world major barrier to crop product ivity. This study was
conducted to investigate salinity and seaweed extract's effect on Moringa oleifera 's growth and yields. Measur ements were made
of growth characteristics, fresh and dried leaf, inflore scence, mature pod and seed weight, and yield per tree, as well as chem.
parameters. Seasons had no substa ntial effect on any of these traits. In terms of seaweed concentr ations, the treatment containing
20% seaweed outperformed the treatment containing 0% seaweed in all measure ments. Concerning the salinity levels, the
maximum level of all studied attributes was at 18.75 mmol/L NaCl, while the level of 70.31 mmol/L Na Cl has the lowest values. The
interaction between salinity levels and seaweed revealed that T4 (18.75 mmol/L Na Cl plus 20% seaweed) was the highest for all
traits and T9 (70.31 mmol/L NaCl plus 0% seaweed) was the lowest for all traits except for the potassium content. Concerning
potassium content, T7 (54.69 mmol/L NaCl plus 0% seaweed) was the lowest. These findings could help to develop efficient breeding
methods for Moringa oleifera in the future.
Keywords: Moringa oleifera tree salinity stress Tabuk region Saudi Arabia; Flowering; Growth; Moringa oleifera ; Salinity; Seaweed;
Yield

12
Toxicity and antitumor activity of the water-soluble lectin from Moringa oleifera Lam. Seeds (WSMoL)
in sarcoma 180-bearing mice
By: Brito, Jessica de Santana; Marinho, Amanda de Oliveira; Coelho, Luana Cassandra Breitenbach Barroso ; Oliveira, Alisson
Macario de; Paiva, Patricia Maria Guedes; Patriota, Leydianne Leite de Siqueira; Napoleao, Thiago Henrique
Toxicon (2023), 234, 107306 | Language: English, Database: CAplus and MEDLINE
WSMoL, a water- soluble lectin from the seeds of Moringa oleifera , present several biol. activities. This work aimed to evaluated
the toxicity and antitumor activity of WSMoL. To analyze toxicity, it was determined hematol., biochem. and histol. parame ters;
consumption of water and feed as well as the weight of the animals. Antitumor anal. included evaluation of tumor weight, histol.
and cytokine levels. Acute toxicity assay revealed 60% mortality of animals treated with lectin at 200 mg/kg i. p. At 100 mg/kg i. p.,
the animals showed a decreased food and water consumption as well weight gain in comparison with control. However, no animal
died and there were no alterations in blood parameters or histol. anal. Antitumor activity evaluated at safe doses (2.5, 5 and 10
mg/kg) showed a significant reduction in tumor weight Tumor photomicrographs evidenced that WSMoL treatment reduced dissemi
nation of tumor cells. W SMoL (5 and 10 mg/kg) significantly enhance the immune function in the tumor enviro nment as showed by
increased the levels of pro-inflammatory (TNF-α, IFN-γ, IL-2, IL-6, and IL-17) and anti-inflammatory (IL-4 and IL-10) cytokines. In
conclusion, WSMoL showed in vivo antitumor activity in mice bearing sarcoma 180 tumor, probably by increase the immune
response against the tumor.
Keywords: Moringa seed water soluble lectin antitumor toxicity immunoen hancer; Antitumor; Lectin; Moringa oleifera ; Toxicity;
Tumor immunotherapy; sarcoma 180
13
High adsorption capacities of crystal violet dye by low-cost activated carbon prepared from Moroccan
Moringa oleifera wastes: Characterization, adsorption and mechanism study
By: Raji, Yosra; Nadi, Ayoub; Mechnou, Issam; Saadouni, Meriem; Cherkaoui, Omar; Zyade, Souad
Diamond and Related Materials (2023), 135, 109834 | Language: English, Database: CAplus
Moringa oleifera is a versatile tree whose seeds are used as coagulants in water treatment. The seed husks are usually discarded
as waste, since they serve no scientific purpose. In this work , we reported the interest of using this waste to produce a low cost
activated carbon, using an improved pyrolysis method with thermal shock under atm. pressure, followed by chem. activation with
H3PO4. The prepared activated carbon displays a high sp. surface area of 1394 m 2/g, and a pore volume of 0.714 cm 3/g. It was
applied for the crystal violet cationic dye adsorption. Equilibrium adsorption data were tested using four different isothermal
models: Langmuir, Freundlich, Temkin, and Dubinin-Radushkevich by nonlinear regres sion. The Langmuir model was found to be
the best fit with a maximum monolayer adsorption capacity of 469.55 mg·g-1 at 298 K. The kinetic study revealed that the second-
order model is the best suited for a contact time of about 60 min. The thermodn. study revealed a sponta neous, endothermic
process, as well as the adsorption is of phys. type. The desorption of crystal violet dye in an aqueous solution of acetic acid CH3COO
H by MO CA-H3PO4 reached 82.9%, the re- adsorption study confirmed the reusability of activated carbon up to 5 cycles. A test on real
textile wastewater confirmed the effectiveness of low cost activated carbon adsorption on an industrial scale.
Keywords: Moringa biochar activated carbon crystal violet adsorption desorption stability

14
Analysis of functional ingredients of tempe-like fermented Moringa oleifera seeds ( Moringa tempe)
prepared with Rhizopus species
By: Aoki, Hideyuki ; Nakatsuka-Mori, Tomoko; Ueno, Yoshie; Nabeshima, Yuka; Oyama, Hiroshi
Journal of Bioscience and Bioengineering (2023), 135(4), 306-312 | Language: English, Database: CAplus and MEDLINE
Tempe is a fermented food prepared by fermenting soybeans with Rhizopus species. However, there have recently been concerns
about the stable supply of raw soybeans due to global warming and other factors. Moringa is a plant whose cultivation area is
expected to expand in the future, and its seeds contain abundant proteins and lipids, and thus could be used as an altern ative to
soybeans. To develop a novel functional Moringa food, we fermented dehulled Moringa seeds with Rhizopus oligosporus and
Rhizopus stolonifer using the solid fermentation method of tempe and investigated changes in the functional components, such as
free amino acids and polyphenols, of the resp. obtained Moringa tempe Rm and Rs. After 45 h of ferment ation, the total content of
free amino acids, mainly including gamma-aminobutyric acid and L- glutamic acid, in Moringa tempe Rm was about three times
higher, while that in Moringa tempe Rs was almost the same, compared to that in unferm ented Moringa seeds . Moreover, after
70 h of fermentation, both Moringa tempe Rm and Rs had approx. four times higher polyphenol content and signifi cantly higher
antioxidant activity than did unfermented Moringa seeds . Further, the content of each residual chitin- binding protein of defatted
Moringa tempe Rm and Rs was almost the same as that of unferm ented Moringa seeds . Taken together, Moringa tempe was rich
in free amino acids and polyphenols, exhibited better antiox idant activity, and retained the levels of its chitin- binding proteins,
suggesting that Moringa seeds could be used as an alternative to soybean for tempe preparation
Keywords: Moringa Rhizopus seed tempe fermented food amino acid polyph enol; Fermented; Moringa oleifera seeds ; Rhizopus
oligosporus; Rhizopus stolon ifer; Tempe
15
Moringa oleifera gum capped MgO nanoparticles: Synthesis, characterization, cyto- and ecotoxicity
assessment
By: Vijayakumar, Sekar ; Chen, Jingdi; Gonzalez Sanchez, Zaira I.; Tungare, Kanchanlata; Bhori, Mustansir; Duran-Lara, Esteban F.;
Anbu, Periasamy
International Journal of Biological Macromolecules (2023), 233, 123514 | Language: English, Database: CAplus and MEDLINE
Nano-based drug delivery research is increasing due to the therap eutic applications for human health care. However, tradit ional
chem. capping-based synthesis methods lead to unwanted toxicity effects. Hence, there is an urgent need for green synthesis- based
and biocompatible synthesis methods. The current work describes for the first time the green synthesis of Moringa gum-capped
MgO nanoparticles (Mgm-MgO NPs). Their antioxidant activity, hemolysis potential, cytotox icity, phytotoxicity, toxicity by chorioal
lantoic membrane (CAM) chick embryo assay and in vivo toxicity in zebrafish embryos were described. The Mgm- MgO NPs exhibited
significant antioxidant activity. The Mgm-MgO NPs at 500μg/mL produced significant hemolysis (72.54%), while lower concentrations
did not. Besides, the cytotoxicity assessment of the Mgm- MgO NPs was conducted in PA-1 cells from human ovarian teratoca
rcinoma by M TT assay. The Mgm- MgO NPs (0.1-500μg/mL) considerably reduced the viability of PA-1 cells. Furthermore, Mgm-MgO
NPs had no significant effect on seed germination but had a signif icant effect on root and shoot length of mungbean (Vigna
radiata). Addnl., the CAM assay was used to analyze the antiang iogenic potential of Mgm-MgO NPs, exhibiting no signif icant altera
tions after 72 h. Finally, the zebrafish embryot oxicity assay revealed that the Mgm-MgO NPs (0.1-500μg/mL) did not affect morphol.,
mortality or survival rate.
Keywords: magnesium oxide nanoparticle moringa oleifera antioxidant activity; Angiogenesis; Antioxidant; Cytotoxicity; MgO;
Moringa gum; Nanoparticles

16
Potentiality of Moringa oleifera as a Nutritive Ingredient in Different Food Matrices
By: Trigo, Carla; Castello, Maria Luisa; Ortola, Maria Dolores

Plant Foods for Human Nutrition (New York, NY, United States) (2023), 78(1), 25-37 | Language: English, Database: CAplus and
MEDLINE
A review. Given the growing interest of today's society in improving the nutritional profile of the food it consumes, industrial food
reformulation is booming. In this sense, due to its high yield, good adaptation to climate change and high nutrit ional potential,
Moringa oleifera may be an alternative means of fortifying products, in order to improve different food matrixes. The different
parts of this plant (leaves, seeds , flowers, pods , roots...) can be marketed for their nutrit ional and medicinal attributes. In this anal.,
various scientific studies have been compiled that evaluate the potential of Moringa oleifera in terms of its incorporation into food
matrixes and its influence on the final sensory characteristics. In general, the incorporation of different parts of moringa into
products, such as bread, pastries, snacks and beverages, increases the nutritional profile of the product (proteins, essential amino
acids, minerals and fiber), the dried leaf powder representing an alternative to milk and eggs and helping vegans/ve getarians to
consume the same protein content. In the case of dairy and meat products, the goal is to improve the antioxidant and antimicrobial
capacity. In every food product, adding high concentrations of moringa leads to greenish colorations, herbal flavors and changes in
the mech. properties (texture, hardness, chewiness, volume and sponginess), neg. impacting the acceptance of the final product.
This bibliog. review highlights the need to continue researching the technol. properties with the dual aim of incorpo rating different
parts of moringa into food matrixes and increasing consumer famili arity with this product.
Keywords: review moringa oleifera food matrixes nutritive ingred ient; Food ingred ient; Food matrices; Moringa oleifera ; Sensory
characteristics; Technological properties
17
Municipal Wastewater Treatment Using Moringa oleifera Seed and Press Cake Powder: A
Comparative Analysis
1 Substance • 0 Reactions • 1 Citation
By: Thanki, Arti; Padhiyar, Hirendrasinh; Singh, Nitin Kumar ; Yadav, Manish; Christian, Johnson
Clean: Soil, Air, Water (2023), 51(3), 2100336 | Language: English, Database: CAplus
Moringa oleifera (MO), also known as drumstick tree, has gained worldwide attention among resear chers and policy makers, for
showing its remarkable potential in environmental management. Recently , MO seed or press cake (a byproduct of oil extraction
industry) powder has also emerged as an alternative and promising coagulant for environ mental remediation. In this view, attempts
have been made in this study to evaluate the efficacy of MO seed and press cake powder (M SP & PCP) for the treatment of
municipal wastewater. Both MSP and PCP are characterized by using swelling ratio, scanning and transm ission electron microscopy
anal. The effect of various operational parameters such as coagulation-flocculation pH (2-10), coagulant dosage (0.1-1 g L -1), and
sedimentation time (0-180 min), etc., is investigated to understand the potential of M SP and PCP. At optimized operational condit
ions, sedimentation kinetics is also performed suggesting that the treatment process is being governed by the second- order kinetic
model. The chem. and biol. oxygen demand removals at optimized conditions are observed as follows: ≈38 and ≈73% for MSP and
≈47 and ∼85% for PCP. Overall, the results of the present study elucidated that P CP can be employed as a promising altern ative of
MSP for municipal wastewater with improved treatment efficie ncies.
Keywords: Moringa oleifera press cake powder municipal wastewater treatment

18
Green synthesis and characterizations of bi-functional Mo-doped ZnO nanostructures for

antimicrobial and photocatalytic applications
By: Khalid, N. R.; Sabir, Muntaha; Ali, Faisal ; Tahir, M. B.; Javid, Muhammad Arshad; Niaz, N. A.; Ahmed, Rizwan; Rafique, M. ;
Imran, Muhammad; Assiri, Muhammad A.
Materials Chemistry and Physics (2023), 296, 127306 | Language: English, Database: CAplus
The preparation of effective and excellent antimicrobial agent is becoming a severe issue from last few decades against human
tested bacteria. Also, the polluted wastewater from industries severely required a sophisticated photocatalyst. Beside of all other
semiconductor oxides, Zn O gained the great attention because of its unique and versatile antimic robial and photocatalytic proper
ties. In this work , its antimicrobial and photocatalytic nature is improved by preparing using green synthesis approach i.e extract of
moringa oleifera seeds as these are naturally anti-oxidizing and antimicrobial agents. The XRD spectroscopic tool was used to
reveal the structural properties of as prepared samples. SEM and HRTEM techniques were employed for in depth morphol. study. E
DX anal. tool was employed to check the purity and for composi tional anal. of samples. For further structural study, S AED technique
was also employed. UV-vis and PL tools were used to invest igate the optical properties and recombi nation rates of charge carriers.
The as developed nanostructures possessing much reduced grain sizes have signifi cantly improved the antibac terial and photoca
talytic performance of ZnO based samples by offering much enhanced active surface area and active sites for their working. The
charge carrier dynamics was evaluated by studying EIS and photoc urrent intensity response by as prepared samples. The green
synthesized Mo doped ZnO has exhibited a reduced band gap i.e 3.11 e V than 3.25 e V offered by pure Zn O. The antimicrobial
activity against B. subtilis and E. coli bacteria explored that the as green synthesized Mo doped ZnO nanomaterial was very
competent for the inhibition of bacterial growth. Moreover, this green Mo-doped ZnO sample has also exhibited its excellent
photocatalytic nature against a well-known rhodamine-B water pollutant by degrading its 89.6% just after 180 min. Also, this sample
has shown good catalytic stability i.e 81%. The reproducibility of the samples was made sure by preparing batches of three samples
and taking the best out of them showing very small performance error. These superior antimic robial and photocatalytic properties
shown by green synthesized Mo-doped ZnO have opened new platform for bacteria inhibition and water purifi cation applications.
Keywords: Bacillus molybdenum ZnO nanostructure antimicrobial agent photocatalysis charge carrier
19
Moringa oleifera : a sustainable method to treat fluoride-contaminated water
By: Chowdareddy, Shyla; Rajesh, Chethan; Rajashekara, Rakshitha; Nagaraju, Pallavi

Water Science & Technology: Water Supply (2023), 23(2), 615-623 | Language: English, Database: CAplus
Excessive fluoride (F) is introduced into the water either by natural phenomenon or by industrial effluents. However, F in adequate
amounts is necessary for sustaining good dental health. Contrarily, F concentrations in drinking water surpassing 1.5 mg/L may,
nevertheless, be harmful to human health. F pollution in drinking water is a serious and challe nging problem that affects people all
over the world. Adsorption appears to be an effective, environmentally beneficial, and cost-effective approach to eliminating
excessive F from drinking water in the present day. In this study, Moringa oleifera seed powder was employed as a natural
adsorbent for defluoridation. The maximum removal efficiency was achieved for water with p H of 7.0, 1 mg/L of initial F concent
ration, contact time of 120 min, and adsorbent dose of 200 mg/L. S EM and FTIR were used to determine the structure, morphol.,
and other chem. composition features of the prepared M. oleifera seed powder. This work is anticipated to be readily implem
ented in real-time F elimination.
Keywords: water fluoride moringa adsorption contamination

20
Biodegradable green composite film developed from Moringa Oleifera (Sahajana) seed filler and PVA:
Surface functionalization, characterization and barrier properties
By: Mishra, Kajal ; Sinha, Shishir

Journal of Thermoplastic Composite Materials (2023), 36(1), 345-371 | Language: English, Database: CAplus
The present work focuses on surface functiona lization, characterization, biodegradability and barrier properties of M OSF as a practi
cable reinforcement in PVA matrix. Film-forming dispersions at different concentrations of alkali and acid treatments were casted at
room temperature The effect of surface modific ations on the developed film's compositional, phys., mech., biodegradability and
barrier properties were analyzed. Fourier transform IR spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), SEM (SEM) and Atomic force
microscopy (AFM) were used to describe the functional compos ition, formation and surface morphol. of the film. The 5% acid
treated film significantly increases the tensile strength (33.69 M Pa) and flexural strength (56.612 M Pa), which was close to the
frequently used LDPE and HDPE package films. Composite films were moisture absorptive but simulta neously capable to maintain
uniformity and composition upon modifications. Lower water vapor permea bility (1.42 x 10 -10 gs-1 m -1 Pa-1), eminent biodegra
dability proved the suitability of composite film for various packaging applica tions.
Keywords: polyvinylalc Moringa oleifera seed filler biodegradable film surface functiona lization
Substances (4) Reaction (1) Citing (4)
21
The medicinal, herbal and ayurvedic plant: Moringa oleifera ( drumstick plant )
By: K. A., Kavade; Shyambharat, Gore; Fakira, Lohale Renuka; Dnyaneshwar, Kumkar Rutuja; Rajashree, Kanavde
International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Research (2023), 27(2), 417-424 | Language: English, Database: CAplus
A review. Moringa oleifera plant commonly available in India, its wild source rarely but cultivated in everywhere in India. Its total
part like leaf, fruit, seed , stem very useful in many ailments. the potentials of moringa tree to combat the duo of poverty and
hunger remain unassailable. However, the low levels of awareness of the inherent benefits of the plants have challenged the level of
its cultivation in some parts of Nepal. Other challenges to the cultiv ation of the plant include uncertainty of markets, inadequate
knowledge about its cultivation and uses. The proper use of moringa tree solve a lot of problems arising from nutrition, health and
general well being of the masses and conserve the foreign exchange which is presently used in the importation of synthetic
vitamins and mineral, putrefying chems., convectional drugs, body and hair care products, and make more funds available for rural
development program. All rural farmers need to be encouraged to embark in planting of moringa tree for their empowe rment. The
government should launch various programs by providing trainings and other resources for the resource poor rural farmers, assist
them in harvesting and processing, and pay them according to their yield. This form of empowe rment will reduce poverty in the line
and make moringa tree available for every household. Lastly, agricu ltural extension and advisory services can play a big role in
meeting the challenges and assisting rural farmers harness the enormous opportunities in the production and usage of moringa
tree. Hence, moringa tree will turn to be one of the most potential cash crop in the context of developing country like Nepal.
Keywords: review Moringa oleifera medicinal herbal ayurvedic plant

22
The adsorption of methylene blue from wastewater by Moringaoleifera pods and kernels wastes
using the response surface methodology
By: Ahmadou, Fadimatou; Bencheikh, Imane; Bensemlali, Meryem; Azoulay, Karima; Mabrouki, Jamal; Nasrellah, Hamid; Laasri, Said;
Slimani, Rachid; El Hajjaji, Souad
European Physical Journal: Applied Physics (2023), 98, 22 | Language: English, Database: CAplus
In recent decades, researchers have focused more on the use of many types of biomat erials from various organisms and agricu
ltural byproducts for wastewater treatment. In this study, we are using Moringao leifera pods powder (MOPP) and Moringao leifera
kernels powder (MOPK) for the removal of industrial Methylene blue (M B) dye from aqueous solutions The adsorption process of M
B onto MOPP and MOKP follows the pseudosecond- order model. First of all, the adsorbents were charact erized using Fourier
transform IR spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and scanning electron microscope (S EM). The second objective was the
optimization process of Moringao leifera wastes seeds (MOPP and MOKP) for the removal of methylene blue dye (M B), using Box-
Behnken under the Response Surface methodol. The optimal conditions were X1=2.5 g/L of adsorbent, X2=40ppm of concentration
of MB and X3=10.03 of pH with removal efficiency which reaches 98.12% for M OPP and X1=2.5 g/L of adsorbent, X2=30 mg/L of
concentration of MB and X3 = 7.43 of p H with removal efficiency which reaches 96.94% for M OKP. The model envisaged for the
optimal design has been well verified by the exptl. data, with R2/R2adj equal to 0.99 and 0.74, resp. for M OPP, then for M OKP 0.90
and 0.73. Finally, the anal. of variance (ANOVA), confirmed that MOPP and MOKP had a high-efficiency adsorbent capacity with the
MOPP as the best biosorbent than MOKP and that the chosen model is valid. The two materials could be adopted as efficient and
cost-effective adsorbents.
Keywords: methylene blue adsorption optimization response surface methodol
23
Six New Phenolic Glycosides from the Seeds of Moringa oleifera Lam. and Their α-Glucosidase
Inhibitory Activity
By: Li, Lin-Zhen; Chen, Liang; Tu, Yang-Li; Dai, Xiang-Jie; Xiao, Sheng-Jia; Shi, Jing-Shan; Li, Yong-Jun; Yang, Xiao-Sheng
Molecules (2023), 28(17), 6426 | Language: English, Database: CAplus and MEDLINE
Plant-derived phytochems. have recently drawn interest in the prevention and treatment of diabetes mellitus (D M). The seeds of
Moringa oleifera Lam. are widely used in food and herbal medicine for their health- promoting properties against various diseases,
including DM, but many of their effective consti tuents are still unknown. In this study, 6 new phenolic glycos ides, moringaside B-G
(1-6), together with 10 known phenolic glycosides (7- 16) were isolated from M. oleifera seeds . The structures were elucidated by 1
D and 2D NMR spectroscopy and high-resolution electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (HR-ESI-MS) data anal. The absolute
configurations of compounds 2 and 3 were determined by electronic C D (ECD) calculations Compounds 2 and 3 especially are
combined with a 1,3-dioxocyclopentane moiety at the rhamnose group, which are rarely reported in phenolic glycoside backbones.
A biosynthetic pathway of 2 and 3 was assumed. Moreover, all the isolated compounds were evaluated for their inhibitory activities
against α-glucosidase. Compounds 4 and 16 exhibited marked activities with I C50 values of 382.8 ± 1.42 and 301.4 ± 6.22 μ M, and
the acarbose was the pos. control with an IC50 value of 324.1 ± 4.99 μ M. Compound 16 revealed better activity than acarbose.
Keywords: Moringa seed phenolic glycoside isolation glucos idase inhibitor CD; chemical constit uents; phenolic glycosides; seeds
of Moringa oleifera Lam; structure identifi cation; α-glucosidase inhibition activity

24
Ultrasound-assisted transesterification of Moringa oleifera seed oil and the effect of operating
conditions on biodiesel yield
By: Dominguez, Yosvany Diaz; Ortiz-Alvarez, Marianela; Tobio-Perez, Indira; Pohl, Sven; Piloto-Rodriguez, Ramon
Afinidad (2023), 80(600), 180-190 | Language: English, Database: CAplus
Due to its availability, oil content, and oil and biodiesel proper ties. Biodiesel production assisted by ultrasound high- frequency and
low power is more sustainable and thus proves to be an alternative way to produce biodiesel. In this work , the effects of reaction
time and amplitude on the M. oleifera oil transester ification process assisted by ultrasound were evaluated. The reaction was
carried out using an ultrasonication device Hielscher Model UP200S operated at 200 W and a frequency of 24 k Hz. The physic
ochem. properties of the Moringa oleifera oil were in close agreement with previous reports while the derivate Me esters meet the
ASTM D6751 and E N 14214 standards At relatively short reaction times (5- 30 min), the Me esters yield ranged from 82.38 to 94.30
%. The results indicated that the best condition of design of experiments was achieved for 50 % of amplitude and 30 min of
reaction time, obtaining the highest Me ester yield (93.54 %). Moreover, it was also demonstrated that an increase in reaction time
such as 45 min did not produce a significantly higher conversion of Moringa oleifera Me esters.
Keywords: ultrasound Moringa oleifera seed oil transester ification biodiesel yield
25
Moringa (Moringa oleifera ) as an alternative feed supplement for dairy animals
By: Sahu, J.; Misra, A. K.; Biswal, S.; Yadav, A.

Indian Journal of Animal Nutrition (2023), 40(2), 98-108 | Language: English, Database: CAplus
A review. Livestock production is very important part of agriculture sector, the dairy industry is partic ularly of increasing import
ance. The major constraint for dairy production in India is a shortage of quantity of feeds and fodders round the year which results
in underfeeding of livestock and economic losses. To overcome this problem there is a need to identify available altern ative feed
resources to improve nutrients utilization of and performance of dairy animals. Moringa oleifera is fast growing, drought tolerant
and easily adapted to varied ecosystems and farming systems. Moringa oleifera has higher availability across the country and
produces leaves throughout the year which makes it suitable to use as a livestock feed. Various parts of this plant such as leaves,
roots, seed , bark, fruit, flowers and immature pods has a different types of biol. activities like antitumor, antipy retic, anti-inflamm
atory, antiulcer, antioxidant, hepatoprotective, antibacterial, immune-modulator, antifungal and lactogenic activities and work as
therapeutic as well as preventive agent. It not only contains greater amount of nutrients but also low levels of antinut rients.
Therefore, inclusionof Moringa oleifera can be recommended for feeding to dairy animals.
Keywords: review Moringa oleifera feed supplement dairy animal

26
Silver-coated activated carbon nanocomposite by Moringa oleifera for dye removal by multivariate
optimization approach
By: Noor, Anila; Ullah, Rooh; Tuzen, Mustafa ; Hassan, Atya; Ullah, Saif
Biomass Conversion and Biorefinery, | Language: English, Database: CAplus
Industrial waste effluent is harmful and hazardous for living organism, environment, and mankind through food web and food
chain. This study focused on the degradative removal of organic dyes by novel green method- synthesized silver nanoparticles (AgN
Ps), where these synthesized nanoparticles were further coated on activated carbon which was prepared by Moringa oleifera seed
pods by green approach to modify the surface and enhance its photoca talytic capacity and dye removal efficiency. These Ag NPs
were characterized through X-ray diffraction (XRD), UV-visible (UV-Vis) spectrophotometry, SEM (SEM-EDX), and Fourier transform I R
spectroscopy (FTIR). The nanoparticles were used for the photodeg radation of methyl blue (M B) and methyl orange (M O) from
waste effluent and showed excellent degradation efficiency. Detailed characterization of UV spectrophotometry and XRD
techniques confirmed that the AgNP particle size synthe sized through green approach is found in the ranges of 200 to 305 nm.
Exptl. results reveal that silver nanoparticles (AgNPs/AC) had the highest dye degradation removal efficiency for methyl blue and
methyl orange and achieved 405 mg/g and 346 mg/g removal capacities accountable to 90% and 77% photodegr adation, resp., in a
short period of time of 30 min as compared to previous reported catalysts. The mechanism of adsorption was finest to be defined
by the Langmuir isotherm tailed by pseudo-second-order kinetic. The t/q t vs. t plot for pseudo- second-order kinetics yielded a high-
regression coefficient (R 2 = 0.96) that expressed the adsorbate sorption tailed by the pseudo- second-order kinetic. Residual plots
for response, interaction plot for response, and contour plots were used to find the optimum point. Moreover, based on the exptl.
findings, a degradation mechanism was proposed for the photoca talytic degradation of organic dyes with Ag NPs/AC catalyst.
Keywords: Moringa carbon silver nanoparticle methyl orange photocatalysis photodegradation
27
A critical appraisal on medicinal corollary of Mooringa Oleifera in middle of varied ailment
By: Nehere, Shital; Bhise, Kiran

International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research (2023), 14(11), 5206-5211 | Language: English, Database: CAplus
A review. Diabetes is currently not well managed in the allopathic medical system. The dysfunction and damage to several organs,
including as the blood vessels, heart, nerve fibers eyes, kidneys, and, neurons are chronic repercussions of long-term blood glucose
elevations. There are many different therapy options available, but they frequently have neg. side effects and cannot provide
complete relief. The key to addressing these kinds of problems is to identify novel therapeutic targets and use them in conjun ction
with the present diabetes treatment approaches. Herbal plants are now being used by resear chers to combat the neg. impacts of
currently available medications. When managing diabetes using conven tional treatment. Herbal plants are now being used by
researchers to combat the bad impacts of currently available medications. Therefore, it is essential to develop more modern, plant-
based medicinal approaches that can be safer and more access ible. This study looked at the antidi abetic effects of different
Mooringa oleifera species parts, including the fruits, seeds , leaves, pods flowers, and stems. The resulting extract was admini
stered to diabetic-induced rats or mice at various doses using various extraction techniques and solvents. Out of all the sections,
leaves have the most bioactive components that are useful in the treatment of diabetes. It has been discovered that Mooringa
oleifera holds enormous promise for the treatment of diabetes.
Keywords: review moringa therapeutic target diabetes mellitus

28
Green Synthesis and Antibacterial Activity of Silver Nanoparticles Obtained from Moringa oleifera
Seed Cake
By: Coelho, Nuno; Jacinto, Joao P. ; Silva, Rodrigo; Soares, Jessica C.; Pereira, Alice S. ; Tavares, Pedro
Coatings (2023), 13(8), 1439 | Language: English, Database: CAplus
In the present work , we report a simple, cost- efficient, and eco-friendly green method to synthesize silver nanoparticles with
antimicrobial activity. An ethanolic extract from Moringa oleifera seed residue was used as a reducing and stabil izing agent in an
aqueous solution of silver nitrate. The synthesized silver nanoparticles' hydrodynamic radius, polydispersity index, and zeta-
potential were evaluated by Dynamic Light Scatte ring. SEM was employed to confirm the size and morphol. of the nanopar ticles.
Synthesis of spherical particles with 127 ± 24 nm was confirmed. After sintering, the product of the synthesis was analyzed by X-ray
diffraction. The X-ray diffraction pattern attributed to reflections of the (111), (200), (220), and (311) planes, which are characteristic
of silver nanoparticles, confirms the successful synthesis of crysta lline face-centered cubic nanoparticles. The antimicrobial activity
of the bionanoparticles was tested against Escher ichia coli BL21(DE3) cells and compared with the effect of a Moringa oleifera seed
cake extract Herein, we show that the growth of Escherichia coli is significantly affected by the addition of the synthe sized
bionanoparticles. Addition of the bionanop articles inhibited the growth and lengthened the lag phase of the bacterial culture.
Keywords: silver nanoparticle Moringa oleifera seed cake antibacterial activity
29
Effect of different levels of NPK on yield and quality of drumstick ( Moringa oleifera L.) CV. PKM-1
By: Vora, Jeenal S.; Patel, Kd; Senjaliya, Hj; Vasava, Hv

Pharma Innovation (2023), 12(8), 1759-1762 | Language: English, Database: CAplus
The present research was carried out at Lal Baugh Farm, College of Horticulture, Junagadh Agricultural University, in the year 2021-
22. The results indicated that among three levels of nitrogen, N3 (80 g/plant) demons trated maximum number of pods per plant
(141.67), pod yield (11.32 kg/plant) , pod yield (12.57 t/ha) , fresh weight (79.46 g) , dry weight (18.53 g), pod girth (4.68 cm), pod
length (61.19 cm), number of seeds per pod (18.80) and nitrogen content of pod (2.05%). While, N1 (40 g/plant) gave fiber content
of pod (46.40%). Regarding phosphorus, P2 (30 g/plant) gave number of pods per plant (138.91), pod yield (10.49 kg/plant) , pod
yield (11.65 t/ha), fresh weight (74.54 g) , dry weight (17.64 g), pod girth (4.55 cm), pod length (61.44 cm), number of seeds per pod
(18.68), phosphorus content of pod (0.73%) and fiber content (45.15%) . The results indicated that among three levels of potash, K3
(45 g/plant) gave maximum number of pods per plant (140.36), pod yield (10.84 kg/plant) , pod yield (12.05 t/ha) , fresh weight
(76.33 g), dry weight (17.55 g), pod girth (4.56 cm), pod length (60.84 cm), number of seeds per pod (18.62), potassium content of
pod (1.98%) and fiber content (45.17%) .
Keywords: Moringa yield quality nitrogen potassium phosph orous fertilizer

30
Therapeutic Benefits of Miracle Tree Moringa oleifera : A Complete Overview
By: Shabnam, Faridi; Rani, Isha; Vivek, Dhiman; Goyal, Rajat; Kumar Gautam, Rupesh
Current Traditional Medicine (2023), 9(2), e270622206405 | Language: English, Database: CAplus
A review. Generally, Ayurvedic or herbal products are considered safe to use. According to a report, more than 50% of the global
population depends upon herbal products. To meet the global demand for ayurvedic products, more and more herbal plants are
analyzed for their active constituents and health benefits. Moringa oleifera is one such plant that is analyzed for its therap eutic
benefits. Various parts of this plant, such as the leaves, roots, seed , bark, fruit, flowers, and immature pods , act as cardiac and
circulatory stimulants with antipyretic, antitumor, anti-inflammatory, antiepileptic, diuretic, antiulcer, antispa smodic, antihyper
tensive, cholesterol-lowering, antidiabetic, antioxidant, antibacterial, hepatoprotective, and antifungal activities. This review is about
the chem. composition of this trees market prepar ation and its different applications.
Keywords: review Moringa antioxidant antipyretic antitumor antiulcer agent
31
Moringa oleifera : nutrient values and health benefits
By: Andhale, Ranjit; Sargar, Vaibhav; Gophane, Amar; Shinde, Rajkumar; Jain, Santosh
International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Research (2023), 27(2), 530-540 | Language: English, Database: CAplus
A review. The moringa plant ( Moringa oleifera Lam.) this is a brief review of the scientific data on Moringa from several investig
ations. The purpose of this study is to identify the ancillary features of the under utilized plant Moringa and the verified health
claims. However, due to constraints and folklore ideas from the past, it was important to bring attention to the findings that were
backed by science in order to provide consumers who care about their health with concise information, as well as resear chers in
the field of supplementary foods and nutrition. Of course, the entire Moringa plant is utilized, including the bloom, seed and
leaves. The leaves' biochem. properties include effects that are anti-oxidative, anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, anti-asthmatic and
that lower blood pressure. They are also used to cure a variety of illnesses. It also contains the vitamins A, B1, B2, B3, C and E in
addition to the vital minerals calcium and iron. According to Ayurveda, moringa can enhance your intake of nutrients, is a source of
antioxidants, improves regulation of blood sugar levels, decreases inflam mation and is good for your bones and joints. This leaves
room for more study. The paper looks at how Moringa Oleifera is used as a food, nutrit ional supplement and for therapeutic
purposes. Among its many nutrients, Moringa oleifera is a good source of zinc, magnesium, iron, copper and beta- carotenes, an
antioxidant called quercetin that may help decrease blood pressure. The primary anti- inflammatory ingredient in morning glory
leaves, seeds and pods is an isothiocyanate. Finding the research gaps and potential areas for future work from a nutritional and
medicinal standpoint was the method used to gather information. Understanding the nutritional and therapeutic potential of
Moringa oleifera through scientific studies may have a pos. impact on both the work areas and consumers.
Keywords: review Moringa oleifera nutrient value health benefit

32
Antioxidants and nutritional counters of drumstick ( Moringa oleifera ) germplasm under rainfed semi-
arid region
By: Yadav, L. P.; K., Gangadhara; Apparao, V. V.; Singh, A. K.

Indian Journal of Agricultural Sciences (2023), 93(10), 1073-1079 | Language: English, Database: CAplus
Drumstick ( Moringa oleifera L.) is a tropical plant with wider adapta bility to drought and different agro-climatic conditions. The
different plant parts including leaves, fruits, flowers and immature pods are used throughout the world for various purposes due
to their high nutritive value. The 34 genetic resources of drumstick along with Thar Harsha variety were invest igated in this study
during 2019-2021 on quality parameters at I CAR-Central Horticultural Experiment Station, Panchmahals, Vadodara, Gujarat. The
results showed that the percentage of dry matter and moisture content ranged from 10.86 to 17.98 and 83.08 to 89.14 ( pod ), 8.16
to 14.80 and 83.40 to 93.38 (pulp), 16.00 to 22.80 and 72.20 to 84.00 (skin) and 24.62 to 30.54 and 69.46 to 75.38 (leaves) , resp. The
total phenolic (TP) content (mg G AE/100 g) in pod (26.36-39.90), pulp (151.54-232.70), rind (73.37-169.06) and leaves (448.21-
970.16) were recorded. The pod , pulp and leaf of C HES D-40 accession recorded the highest T P content. While, the rind of C HES D-
42 accession recorded the maximum TP content. Similarly, leaves and pods of CHES D-40 showed the highest vitamin C. In 2, 2-
diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl-hydrate (DPPH) assay, the antioxidant activity of M. oleifera accessions leaves varied from 14.83 to
31.29μmol TE/g. In all nutrient contents of the M. oleifera accession dry leaf powder was quantified with wide variation. The
accession CHES D-40 recorded the highest N, K, Ca, S, and Fe in leaves, whereas, P and Cu in C HES D-42, Mg and Zn in C HES D-34
leaves. The protein varied from 21.58 to 29.87 g/100 g in leaves, while in pod , 13.00 to 18.00 g/100 g. These results revealed that
the potentiality of M. oleifera leaves in context to antiox idants and nutrients can be included in diets to supplement our daily
nutrient needs.
Keywords: Moringa antioxidant nutrient phenolic sodium potassium calcium
33
Kinetic, isotherm and thermodynamic studies on the adsorption of Methylene blue dye using Moringa
oleifera pods and kernels
By: Ahmadou, Fadimatou; Abahdou, Fatima-Zahra; Slimani, Rachid; El Hajjaji, Souad

Moroccan Journal of Chemistry (2023), 11(1), 265-281 | Language: English, Database: CAplus
The low availability of water resources and the difficulty of access to drinking water are of increasing concern. To face this problem,
it is important to improve the quality and quantity of this resource by fighting mainly against its pollution. Thus, it has become
necessary to treat the wastewater of industries. In this work we studied the adsorption of methylene blue onto waste of the
Moringa oleifera seeds with the aim of valorizing the natural biomass. To understand the adsorption process of Moringa oleifera
pods powder and Moringa oleifera kernels powder various studies were performed. Most character izations of adsorbent like
Fourier transform IR spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electronic microscopy (S EM), sp. surface by B ET and p
Hpzc were investigated. The effects of parts of adsorbent, p H of solution, adsorbent dose, initial dye concentration, temperature
and contact time on the batch adsorption of methylene blue on Moringa oleifera pods powder (MOPP) and Moringa oleifera
kernels powder were studied. The Kinetic, isotherms and thermodn. studies were done. The adsorption results of methylene blue
onto Moringa oleifera pods powder and Moringa oleifera kernels powder showed that the pseudo- second order is the best model
with a good correlation. The adsorption isotherm data for the two adsorbents was best correlated with Freundlich isotherm. The
values of thermodn. parameters show that adsorption is an exothermic process for MOPP and MOKP. However, the neg. value of
the ΔG° indicated that the adsorption of methylene bleu on adsorbents was thermodyn amically feasible and sponta neous.
Keywords: kinetic isotherm thermodn adsorption methylene blue dye Moringa

34
A short review on Moringa oleifera - natural gift of nature
By: Tamhane, Ketan B.; Jadhav, Akanksha S.

World Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences (2023), 12(12), 318-325 | Language: English, Database: CAplus
A review. Moringa oleifera , a plant belonging to the Moringaceae family, holds signif icant medicinal and nutritional value. Presently,
it is being cultivated in various regions worldwide. Different parts of the Moringa plant, including the roots, bark, leaves, pods ,
seeds , and stems, have been found to possess diverse pharmacol. proper ties. This plant species, among thirteen distinct varieties,
has exhibited an array of activities, such as central nervous system effects, anti-urolithiatic potential, wound healing proper ties,
antifertility effects, anti-asthmatic attributes, antimicrobial capabilities, liver function preservation, antitumor and anticancer proper
ties, antidiabetic attributes, anti-inflammatory actions, and antiox idant qualities. Moringa is known by various names according to
different cultures, but it is most commonly recognized as the drumstick tree, horse radish tree, or clarifier tree. Extensive research
has been conducted using animal models, for instance, in the evaluation of anti-urolithiatic activity involving male Wistar albino rats.
Collectively, these studies have underscored the remarkable nature of Moringa oleifera , often referred to as "mother′s best friend"
due to its ability to enhance milk production in women, earning it the reputation of a natural gift from nature.
Keywords: review Moringa root leaf seed wound healing antimic robial antitumor
35
Moringa oleifera : phytochemistry, pharmacology
By: Sarode, Sagar A.; Sonawane, Yogesh N.; Suralkar, Rohini K.; Kumbhar, Dipak D.; Warade, Poonam P.; Patil, Parag R.
GSC Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences (2023), 24(3), 41-55 | Language: English, Database: CAplus
A review. The retrospective research on the Moringa Oleifera at the mol. level are reviewed in this study. The family Moring aceae
includes roughly thirteen different species of moringa trees. The most well-known species of moringa is Moringa Oleifera Lam are
used in traditional medicine to treat a variety of illnesses. Many tropical and subtro pical nations support the growth of the Moringa
Oleifera Lam. tree. Com. cultiv ation occurs in regions including South and Central America, Africa, India, Hawaii, Mexico, and Asia.
M. oleifera 's seeds , leaves, roots, and flowers are frequently employed in tradit ional medicine, while the immature pods , leaves,
and seed are utilized as food ingredients for human consum ption. M. oleifera leaf extracts are essential for animal safety investi
gations and antiox idant activities. No neg. impacts on humans have been reported thus far. Studies utilizing powd. M. oleifera leaf
preparations have shown anti-dyslipidemic and anti-diabetic effects. Leaf extracts and powders were used on animals to confirm
these actions. Alkaloids, flavonoids, polyphenols, phenolic acids, and phenolic acids are the compounds respon sible for the effects.
This study's objective was to examine M. oleifera as a potential miracle tree and place more emphasis on its applica tions.
Therefore, it is necessary to research the standardised M. oleifera leaf extracts that have a wide variety of applica tions. Future
research would use this study's findings as a backdrop. They also have antitumor, antipyretic, anti-inflammatory, antiulcer, antispa
smodic, diuretic, antihypertensive, cholesterol-lowering, antioxidant, antidiabetic, hepatoprotective, antibacterial, and antifungal
properties.
Keywords: review Moringa phytochem pharmacol leaf extract flavonoids antiox idants antidyslipidemic

36
Pharmacology, Ethnopharmacology, and Phytochemistry of Medicinally Active Moringa oleifera : A

Review
By: Kumar, Nitin ; Sharma, Shikha

Natural Products Journal (2023), 13(8), e010323214188 | Language: English, Database: CAplus
A review. Moringa oleifera (MO), which belongs to the family Moring aceae, is a significant medicinal plant that is also one of the
species farmed in the greatest quantity worldwide. All its components, including its leaves, roots, seeds , flowers, bark, stems, and
green pods , have a wide range of medicinal properties and are excepti onally high in nutritional content. Some of the important
medicinal properties of the plant include anticancer, antiasthmatic, antipyretic, antiepileptic, anti-inflammatory, antiulcerative,
cholesterol- lowering, antiox idant, antidiabetic, hepatoprotective, diuretic, CNS depressant, antibacterial, antifungal, anthelmintic,
antibiotic, analgesic, antimalarial, antispasmodic, etc. Its nutritional value is attributed to the presence of proteins, carbohy drates,
minerals, vitamins, amino acids, α-carotene, and various phenolic compounds The purpose of this review is to present a synopsis of
the ethnobotany, nutritive, and phytochem. profiles of various parts as well as the pharmacol. properties of M O, with a particular
emphasis on the several processes that are responsible for its multispectral activity. Addnl., it highlights studies on the safety
profile, medication interactions, and relevant clin. trials. M O is used in pharmac eutics as an active extract in metallic nanoparticles
and as an excipient in different pharmaceutical products. Other applic ations related to its water-purifying features, such as
biodiesel, biogas, and biopesticide, are also discussed in the present article. Thus, the review provides necessary inform ation
proving that each part of MO has beneficial effects, and the plant can be studied extens ively for many research aspects.
Keywords: review Moringa protein vitamin anticancer agent antiox idant phytochem
37
An analysis of pharmacognostical and phytochemical composition of kanda twaka churna and patra
churna of shigru ( Moringa Oleifera Lam.)
By: Chalmela, Neha; Mishra, Shiromani

International Journal of Research in Ayurveda & Pharmacy (2023), 14(4), 54-57 | Language: English, Database: CAplus
Moringa oleifera Lam. belongs to the Moring aceae family, popularly known as Sahijana, Shigru, Shobha njana, Krishnagandha etc.
The importance of Shigru in treatment has been mentioned in various classical texts for ages. Different parts of the drug, i.e., stem
bark, leaves, seed , pods , root, etc., contain many chem. consti tuents that are significant in pharmacol. Pharmacognostical and
phytochem. analyses are essential for proper identification and authentication of the drug. Shigru kanda twaka churna and Shigru
patra churna were evaluated sep. for pharmacognostical, physicochem., and phytochem. studies. It also included a qual. test for
detecting protein, carbohydrate, ascorbic acid, sterols, and terpenes as per the Ayurvedic pharmac opoeia of India (A.P.I.). The
correct identity and authenticity of the drug sample were confirmed by its organo leptic study, powder microscopy, and phytochem.
study, comparing them with features mentioned in A.P.I., and then certified by subject experts in Govt. Drug testing laboratory,
Dist. Gwalior M.P. and Institute of Pharmacy, Vikram University Ujjain M.P. Based on the present study, we can conclude that both
the sample drugs were authentic, pure and followed standard parameters of A.P.I.
Keywords: Moringa ascorbic acid sterol terpene protein carboh ydrate phytochem pharmaco gnostics

38
Moringa oleifera seed oil extracted by pressurized n-propane and its effect against Staphylococcus
aureus biofilms
By: Oliveira, Alessandra Marjorie de ; Anjos Szczerepa, Marcia Maria dos ; Bronharo Tognim, Maria Cristina ; Abreu Filho,
Benicio Alves de ; Cardozo-Filho, Lucio ; Gomes, Raquel Guttierres ; Bergamasco, Rosangela
Environmental Technology (2023), 44(8), 1083-1098 | Language: English, Database: CAplus and MEDLINE
Staphylococcus aureus is often associated worldwide with foodborne illnesses, and the elimin ation of biofilms formed by this
bacterium from industrial surfaces is very challenging. To date, there have been few attempts to invest igate plant oils obtained by
recent green technol ogies, applied against biofilms on usual surfaces of the food industry and bacteria isolated from such enviro
nment. Therefore, this study evaluated the activity of Moringa oleifera seed oil (M OSO), extracted with pressurized n-propane,
against standard and environmental S. aureus biofilms. Addnl., a genotypic and phenotypic study of the environ mental S. aureus
was proposed. It was found that this bacterium was a MSSA (methicillin-sensitive S. aureus), a carrier of icaA and icaD genes that
has strong adhesion (OD550=1.86 ± 0.19) during biofilm formation. The use of pressu rized n-propane as a solvent was efficient in
obtaining MOSO, achieving a yield of 60.9%. Gas chromatog. analyses revealed the presence of a rich source of fatty acids in M OSO,
mainly oleic acid (62.47%), behenic acid (10.5%) and palmitic acid (7.32%) . On polystyrene surface, MOSO at 0.5% and 1% showed
inhibitory and bactericidal activity, resp., against S. aureus biofilms. M OSO at 1% allowed a maximum reduction of 2.38 log U FC/cm 2
of S. aureus biofilms formed on PVC (polyvinyl chloride) surface. S EM showed disturbances on the surface of S. aureus after
exposure to MOSO. These unprece dented findings suggest that M OSO extracted with pressu rized n-propane is potentially capable
of inhibiting biofilms of different S. aureus strains, thus, contributing to microbiol. safety during food proces sing.
Keywords: Moringa oleifera seed oil Staphylococcus aureus biofilm bactericidal activity; Plant oil; antibiofilm; biotechnology; food
industry; green technology

39
Phenolic Content and Scavenging Activity in Moringa oleifera Lam. with Two Types of Leaf Color
By: Radice, Silvia ; Castro, Federico Gomez; Arena, Miriam Elisabet ; Giordani, Edgardo
Current Bioactive Compounds (2023), 19(1), e070422203249 | Language: English, Database: CAplus
Mostly, Moringa plants ( Moringa oleifera Lam.) are com. propagated by seeds ; however, there are some planta tions from stem
cuttings. Thus, seedling populations show a high morphol. diversity level due to segreg ation. In particular, differences in leaf color
can be commonly observed This work aimed to characterize leaf color from different moringa plants and relate it to phenolic leaf
content, including some flavonoids, and to the DPPH radical scavenging activity of leaf extracts Three plants with red leaf petioles
and three plants with green leaf petioles were randomly chosen among a plot of 50 potted 3-yr-old, 2m-high seed plants grown in
the city of Moron (Argentina) (34° 64' 62.61'' SL; 58° 62' 09.69'' W L). Leaves were harvested from the basal, medial, and apical parts
of the plant stem (3 leaves per section) in Apr., and subsequently, each leaf was also divided into basal, medial, and apical sections.
Leaf color, total phenol content, individual phenol composition, and DDPH radical scavenging activity were determined Petiole and
leaflet color were significantly different for a* and b* values. Consequ ently, δE* was - 0.12 and 0.27 for red leaf plants, but it was
higher (-3.09) for red and green leaves. Interes tingly, leaflets from the red leaf type had more green and yellow dyes than those of
the green leaf type. Phenolic content and DPPH radical scavenging activity were significantly higher in red leaf plants (10.9 mg
tannic acid and 45.6%, resp.) than in green plant leaves (9.1 mg tannic acid and 31.1%, resp.). The red leaf type had the smallest
amounts of rutin and naringenin content, which were not present in the green leaf type. Nevertheless, the green leaf type showed
more catechin hydrate content than the red leaf type. Phenolic content and antioxidant activity are modified with sampling and leaf
color, so these factors must be considered as well as the selection of red leaf plants.
Keywords: Moringa oleifera leaf color phenol scavenging

40
Calcium chloride supplementation improves in vivo salt stress tolerance of drumstick ( Moringa
oleifera L.)
By: Abbas, Zahid Khorshid

Polish Journal of Environmental Studies (2023), 32(2), 999-1008 | Language: English, Database: CAplus
Salinity is becoming a bigger problem for agricultural production across the world. Calcium chloride (Ca Cl2) was used to mitigate
the adverse impact of NaCl-induced oxidative stress in terms of growth parame ters, chlorophyll, carotenoid, protein, proline,
phenolic content (TPC), flavonoid content (TFC), DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl-hydrate) radical, ABTS (2,2'-azino-bis 3-
ethylbenzothiazoline6-sulfonic acid), peroxidase ( POD ), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione reductase (GR) and catalase (C AT)
activity and malondialdehyde (MDA) accumulation in Moringa oleifera L. plants. There were 8 treatments in the experime ntation
including control, 100 mM NaCl, 200 mM NaCl, 300 mM NaCl, 100 mM NaCl + 3 mM CaCl2, 200 mM NaCl + 3 mM CaCl2 300 mM Na
Cl + 3 mM CaCl2 and 3 mM CaCl2 alone. The results NaCl (100 mM) with 3 m M CaCl2 revealed that the salt stress inhibited the
growth parameters of fresh (7.23±0.2), dry weight (4.03±0.2), number of leaves (13.66±0.6), shoot (17.17±1.0) and root length
(19.07±0.7) reduced of M oleifera . While NaCl (100mM) with Ca Cl2 (3 mM) treating significantly promoted the growth parameters of
M oleifera under salt stress. NaCl (100mM) with Ca Cl2 (3 mM) treating plants showed increased carote noids (0.956±0.03), chloro
phyll (1.576±0.04), protein (15.67±0.3), proline (61.66±2.3), TPC (28.20±0.24), TFC, compared with untreated M oleifera under salt
stress. NaCl (100 mM) with Ca Cl2 (3 mM) treating increased the antiox idant activities (DPPH, ABTS) and antiox idant enzymes
activities ( POD , SOD, CAT, GR, MDA) compared with untreated M oleifera under salt stress. Therefore, the Ca Cl2 can be produc
tively used to enhancement the seedling establishment and growth of M oleifera grown under salt stress condit ions. The mol.
mechanisms of Ca2+ signalling induced by CaCl2 treating in M oleifera under salt stress as seed priming agents on the final yield,
even under field conditions should be the focus for future research.
Keywords: calcium chloride salt stress Moringa
41
Plant seed -based bio-coagulant development and application for fecal sludge treatment and biogas
production improvement
By: Dima, Francis Auguste Fleury Junior; Li, Zifu; Zhou, Xiaoqin; Zhu, Lixin
Biomass Conversion and Biorefinery, | Language: English, Database: CAplus
Plant seed -based bio-coagulant development and application are promising for fecal sludge treatment and biogas production
improvement. However, improving methane yield in anaerobic digestion processes is an important research direction. This work
addresses the development and application of Cucumeropsis mannii and Luffa acutangula seed proteins as novel bio-coagulants
for fecal sludge concentration to increase the biogas yield. Their seeds ′ protein content was determined and extracted using 1 M
(NaCl), then isolated and precipitated by ammonium sulfate [(NH4)2 SO4], and purified using a dialysis process. Their coagulat
ion/flocculation was compared to Moringa oleifera and Cucurbita pepo seeds as the primary treatment for the fecal sludge
concentration Optimal coagulant dosages of 20 mg/L at p H 7.25 increased the total solids from 0.4 to 2.8% and obtained 180 to 340
mL/L of fecal sludge volume per L. Their biocoagulant effect on the supern atant water reduced 76.48 to 96.88% of turbidity, 71.20
to 88.76% of COD, and 81.33 to 95.30% of ammonia- nitrogen. The biomethane potential result has shown that plant seed -based
bio-coagulants are effective and produce substrates potentially favorable to increased methane yield in anaerobic digestion with
350.5 to 465.3 NmL CH4/gVS, by a ratio 2: 1 on VS, compared to the FS without bio-coagulant treatment with a specific methane yield
of 192.8 NmL CH4/gVS.
Keywords: plant seed biocoagulant fecal sludge treatment biogas

42
Physiochemical characteristics and fatty acids composition of Moringa oleifera oil of far north
Cameroon
By: Ahmadou, Fadimatou; Bourais, Ilhame; Aqil, Younes; Shariati, Mohammad Ali; Hlebova, Miroslava; Martsynkovsky, Sergey;
Nagdalian, Andrey; El Hajjaji, Souad
Journal of Microbiology, Biotechnology and Food Sciences (2023), 13(2), e10250 | Language: English, Database: CAplus
In this work , a comparative study on Moringa oleifera (MO) oil extraction techniques were conducted. M O seeds were collected
from the Far North Region of Cameroon and oil was extracted using Soxhlet (SO), Ultrasonic (US) and Cold press (PR) methods.
Physicochem. characteristics and fatty acid compos ition were determined for each M O oil extracted The S O seems to be the
effective method for oil extraction with a yield equal to 38.94 ± 0.28%, followed by US 35.11 ± 1.45% and at least P R (23.00 ± 1.00%).
Moreover, myristic and lignoceric acids were found at low concentration in all extracted oil. However, the unsatu rated fatty acid
composition of the extracted oils follows PR>US>SO order. Oleic acid was the main unsatu rated fatty acid with high rate obtained
using PR and S O extractions (75.37%, 75.31% resp.) which is not very different from that obtained by U S extraction (74.85). A higher
value of acidity was noted in PR extraction method and lower oxidative state value was noted in P R extracted oil comparing to U S
and SO methods. No major differences were observed for the other physic- chem. parameters. Major and minor saturated fatty
acids were palmitic and myristic acids, resp. Lower total saturated fatty acids were recorded in PR extracted M O oil. We found also
linoleic and linolenic acids in the group of unsaturated fatty acids of MO oil.
Keywords: physiochem property fatty acid composition Moringa oil
43
Isolation, identification and HPLC analysis of a phytochemical from Moringa oleifera leaves
By: Vijay, P.; Tamilselvi, M.; Mohankumar, R.

Materials Today: Proceedings (2023), 93(Part_2), 86-90 | Language: English, Database: CAplus
Moringa Oleifera (MO), a plant belongs to the family of Moring aceae which has numerous bioactive components, including
vitamins, phenolic acids, flavonoids, isothiocyanates, tannins and saponins, which are present in signif icant amounts MO leaves are
the most widely studied and they have shown to be beneficial in several chronic conditions, including hypercholesterolemia, high
blood pressure, diabetes, insulin resistance, non-alc. liver disease, cancer and overall inflamm ation. The roots, bark, gum, leaf, fruit
( pods ), flowers, seed and seed oil of M O are reported to have various biol. activi ties. The scope of the present work is to isolate
some chem. constituents and characterize them by spectroscopic techniques like 1 H & 13C NMR, FT-IR, Mass and HPLC anal.
Keywords: Moringa leaf flavonoid tannin saponin quercetin

44
Natural Antioxidants of the Underutilized and Neglected Plant Species of Asia and South America
By: Shahrajabian, Mohamad Hesam; Marmitt, Diorge Jonatas; Cheng, Qi; Sun, Wenli
Letters in Drug Design & Discovery (2023), 20(10), 1512-1537 | Language: English, Database: CAplus
A review. Review. Recently , more attention has been paid to natural antiox idants because of the possible insecurity of synthetic
antioxidants. The review is aimed at summar izing the most important and common natural antiox idants and their resources from
medicinal plants. The research was performed using databases of PubMed, Google Scholar, Science Direct, Taylor and Francis, etc.,
to search for all collected scientific publications. The most important medicinal plants with antiox idant activities in Iran are
Artemisia, berberry fruit, borage, calendula, coriander, cumin, green tea, hawthorn, jujube, pomegranate, rose, rosemary, black zira,
tea, and thyme. Important traditional medicinal plants with antiox idant activities in China are Asparagus, bindii, bluebe rries,
camellia, Chinese bayberry, Chinese bitter melon, Chinese cabbage, Chinese cherry, Chinese jujube, Chinese olive, pomegranate,
Chinese rose tea, Chinese toon, Chinese watermelon, black tea, knotweed, Chinese quince, Chinese rhubarb, sumac, wolfberry,
dendrobium, drumstick tree, Fiscus species, ginger, ginkgo, goji berry, grape, Jerusalem thorn, kiwifruit seed oil, and liquorice root.
Anacardium occidentale L., Ananas comosus (L.) Merril, Baccharis trimera (Less) DC., Carapa guianensis Aubl., Casearia sylvestris
Sw., Cordia verbenacea DC., Croton lechleri Mull.Anacardium occidentale L., Ananas comosus (L.) Merril, Baccharis trimera (Less) D
C., Carapa guianensis Aubl., Casearia sylvestris Sw., Cordia verbenacea DC., Croton lechleri Mull. Arg., and Eugenia uniflora L. are
the main medicinal plants with antioxidant activities in Brazil. Antioxidants are those mols. that are involved in the scavenging of
these reactive species causing oxidative stress and are defined as those substances which could prevent the oxidation of the
substrate at low concentrations The main derived exogenous natural antiox idants are derived from medicinal plants, fruits, foods,
flowers, and traditional herbal medicines in different parts of the world.
Keywords: review medicinal plant antioxidant oxidative stress
45
Inhibitory effects of Moringa oleifera seed extracts on crude xanthine oxidase
By: Abdulkadir, Abdullahi; Abdullahi, Nafisat Ozavize; Waheed, Sakariyau Adio; Umar, Maimuna Bello; Madaki, Fatimah Mohammed;
Abubakar, Yahaya Mohammed
GSC Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences (2023), 25(3), 120-128 | Language: English, Database: CAplus
The quest for novel xanthine oxidase (XO) inhibitors, characterized by reduced side effects and heightened therap eutic efficacy,
holds significant importance in addressing hyperuricemia and gout. This study was undertaken to assess the inhibitory properties of
Moringa oleifera seed extracts on crude XO. The isolation of crude XO from bovine (cow) milk was achieved through ammonium
sulfate precipitation techniques, and its activity was subsequently quantified using spectroph otometric measurements at a
wavelength of 293 nm. The impact on xanthine oxidase inhibition was investigated utilizing varying concentrations of Moringa
oleifera seed extracts in methanol, Et acetate, and aqueous solutions Among these extracts, the Et acetate variant displayed the
most robust inhibitory effect, with a notable inhibition rate of 89.16% ± 0.42, followed by the methanol extract at 65.59% ± 0.79 and
the aqueous extract at 48.77% ± 0.85. For comparison, the pos. control (allopurinol) exhibited an inhibition rate of 94.32% ± 0.66.
The kinetic parameters of the enzyme were determined, revealing Vmax and km values of 0.05 U/mL and 131.35 μ M, resp. When
the enzyme was exposed to the inhibitory extracts, the resulting Vmax and km values were as follows: Et acetate extract; 0.03 U/mL
and 77.12 μM, methanol extract; 0.04 U/m L and 131.35 μ M, and aqueous extract; 0.02 U/m L and 74.23 μ M. This research work
establishes a foundation for the potential utiliz ation of Moringa oleifera seed extracts in addressing hyperur icemia and, consequ
ently, gout.

46
Chitosan-ZnO decorated Moringa oleifera seed biochar for sequestration of methylene blue:
Isotherms, kinetics, and response surface analysis
By: Roy, Hridoy; Islam, Shahinoor Md.; Arifin, M. Tanvir; Firoz, Shakhawat H.
Environmental Nanotechnology, Monitoring and Management (2022), 18, 100752 | Language: English, Database: CAplus
The biochar adsorption process is very efficient in the treatment of wastewater treatment. In this study, Moringa oleifera seeds -
derived biochar (B) was modified using chitosan-ZnO (CZ), denoted as CZ-B, applied for the removal of methylene blue (M B) dye in
an aqueous solution The biochars were characterized using spectroscopic, Scanning electron microscope (S EM) and X- ray diffra
ction (XRD) techniques. Response surface methodol. (RSM) was applied to explore the impact of time, concent ration, and pH on the
sorption of MB. The surface functional groups, e.g., hydroxyls, nitriles, carbonyls, carbox ylic, ester, and phenol structures were
enhanced as observed from spectroscopic results. The irregular porous surface of biochar, the uniform orient ation of spherical-
shaped CZ particles, and agglom erated chunks of porous rock in C Z-B particles were identified from S EM anal. XRD patterns
indicated a fully amorphous structure of biochar, whereas crystallinity introduced in the CZ-B structure by incorpo rating CZ was
observed At pH 8, the sorption of MB on all the sorbents was maximum M B removal efficiency (% R) of biochar, C Z, and CZ-B were
44%, 47% and 89.7%, resp. The CZ incorporation has increased the MB removal efficiency by ∼104%. Biochar preferred pseudo-
second-order and intraparticle diffusion models, indicating a dual mechanism of chemiso rption and pore diffusion, whereas C Z-B
followed the pseudo-2nd-order model. Biochar and C Z followed Langmuir isotherm with sorption capacity of 55.10 and 55.85 mg/g,
resp.; the Freundlich model explained the sorption isotherm of CZ-B with 135.20 mg/g sorption capacity. R SM anal. for C Z-B
revealed that exptl. results were best fitted (R2 = 0.9729) into a quadratic 2nd-order polynomial model. The correl ation of the actual
to the predicted value indicated a reasonable response estimation Therefore, with the optimization of process parame ters, CZ-B can
be applied as an efficient sorbent to eliminate organic dyes. Main findings of the work : Modification of M. oleifera seed -originated
biochar by chitosan-ZnO composite results in an excellent ternary composite with enhanced sorption properties against organic
dye, methylene blue (MB).
Keywords: Moringa seed biochar chitosan zinc oxide methylene blue adsorption

47
Purification of aquaculture effluent using Picralima nitida seeds
By: Igwegbe, Chinenye Adaobi; Ovuoraye, Prosper Eguono; Bialowiec, Andrzej; Okpala, Charles Odilichukwu R.; Onukwuli,
Okechukwu Dominic; Dehghani, Mohammad Hadi
Scientific Reports (2022), 12(1), 21594 | Language: English, Database: CAplus and MEDLINE
Aquaculture effluent treatment is essential to eliminate the undesi rable characteristics of water to ensure cleaner production and
environmental sustainability. In an effort to develop green coagulant without compro mising cost, this research invest igated the
feasibility of aquaculture effluent (A QEF) pollutant removal using Picralima nitida seeds extract (PNSC) and its bio-coagulation/ads
orption kinetic characteristics with the substrate in water. The coagul ative decrease was observed in terms of T D (turbidity), TSS
(total suspended solids), COD (COD), BOD (BOD), and COLR (color) from A QEF. The active coagulant was extracted from the seeds
and analyzed for its spectral and morphol. characteristics through FTIR and S EM. The influence of PNSC dosage (0.10-0.50 g L- 1), pH
(2-10), settling time (0-60 min), and temperature (303-323 K) on the removal of contaminants were surveyed. The process kinetics of
coagulation-flocculation were also explored. Maximal T D reduction of 90.35%, C OD (82.11%), BOD (82.38%); TSS (88.84%), and COLR
(65.77%) at 0.2 g PNSC L-1, pH 4, and 303 K was achieved. Anal. of variance (A NOVA) tests proved that p H, temperature, and settling
time had a significant effect on pollutant removal. Results fitted Von Smoluch owski's perikinetics theory at the optimum condit ions,
which gave R2 > 0.900. At perikinetics circumstances, the Kb (reaction rate) and tf (1/2) (half-life) correspond to 0.0635 Lg -1 min-1 and
1.9 min. More so, sorption results fitted the Lagergren over the Ho model. Addnl., the net cost of using PNSC to handle 1 L of A QEF
(including electricity, material, and labor costs) was evaluated to be euro4.81. Overall, the P NSC appears reliable and useful in
pretreating AQEF for improved biodegradability and superior effluent quality.
Keywords: Picralima seed aquaculture effluent biocoagulation adsorption kinetics
48
Effective pathogen removal in sustainable natural fiber Moringa filters
By: Samineni, Laxmicharan ; De Respino, Sophie; Tu, Yu-Ming ; Chowdhury, Ratul; Mohanty, Rashmi Prava; Oh, Hyeonji;
Geitner, Michael; Alberg, Claire Hartwig; Roman-White, Abigail; McKinzie, Sarine; et al
npj Clean Water (2022), 5(1), 27 | Language: English, Database: CAplus
Pathogen contamination of water has a massive impact on global human health. In partic ular, viruses pose unique challenges to
water treatment techniques due to their small size and presence in water as both individual virions and when absorbed onto larger
particles. Low-energy water treatment processes such as media filtration are not capable of completely removing viruses owing to
their small size. Hence, less sustainable processes with high chem. or energy consum ption such as chem. disinfection, UV irradi
ation, and membrane filtration are usually required. To overcome high energy and/or chem. requir ements for virus treatment,
designs for sustainable fiber filters fabricated from minimally processed natural materials for efficient virus (M S2) and bacteria (E.
coli) removal are presented in this work . These filters were created by function alizing readily accessible natural fibers including
cotton, silk, and flax with a simple aqueous extract containing cationic proteins from Moringa oleifera seeds . The proposed filters
offer a comprehensive low cost, low energy, and low environ mental impact solution for pathogen removal from water with
removals of >7log10 (99.99999%) for viruses and bacteria.
Keywords: bacteriophage Escherichia Moringa fiber membrane separation water purifi cation

49
Moringa oleifera Lam. seed proteins: Extraction, preparation of protein hydrolysates, bioactivities,
functional food properties, and industrial application
By: Kumar, Manoj ; Selvasekaran, Pavidharshini; Kapoor, Swati ; Barbhai, Mrunal D. ; Lorenzo, Jose M.; Saurabh, Vivek;
Potkule, Jayashree; Changan, Sushil; ElKelish, Amr; Selim, Samy; et al
Food Hydrocolloids (2022), 131, 107791 | Language: English, Database: CAplus
A review. Moringa oleifera Lam. (Moringaceae) consumed in several tropical and subtropical countries is a highly valued multi-
purpose herbal plant with numerous medicinal properties and high nutrit ional value. Moringa seeds contain high protein content
(∼52%) with all the essential amino acids and could act as a potential source of functional protein isolate for application in food and
biomedical industries. The objective of the current review is to highlight the recent developments in the various protein extraction
methods and preparation of protein hydrolyzates from moringa seeds . The recent findings on the bioactivities, functional proper
ties, and industrial applications of moringa seed proteins are noteworthy. Therefore, the study was framed to discuss relevant
research reports in six sections viz- moringa seed protein extraction, moringa seed protein isolates/hydrolyzates, amino acid
profile, functional properties, bioactivities, and food or biomedical industrial applica tions. Moringa seed proteins exhibited antimic
robial, antioxidant, antiviral, antidia betic, hepatoprotective, anticancer, and cardio-protective activity. Moringa seed protein
isolates revealed good foaming capacity and stability, emulsification capacity, water, and oil absorption capacity. Indust rially
moringa seed protein isolates could be potentially used as milk coagulant, thickening agent, food and feed ingred ient, and drug
delivery agent. Besides, moringa seed protein isolate is reported to heal diabetes, control inflam mation and hypertension.
Keywords: review Moringa seed protein extraction hydrol yzate functional food property
50
Convective drying of Moringa oleifera seeds : kinetics modelling and effects on oil yield from different
extraction techniques
By: de Almeida, Fernanda Naiara Campos; Johann, Gracielle; Siqueira, Natalia Wisniewski; Souza, Gredson Keiff; Pereira, Nehemias
Curvelo
Biomass Conversion and Biorefinery (2022), 12(8), 3197-3208 | Language: English, Database: CAplus
This work shows the convective drying kinetics of moringa seeds ( Moringa oleifera L) at different drying temperatures 40, 50, 60,
70, and 80 °C and the effect drying on the extracted oil yield. Four simplified models were fitted to the kinetics data, and a phenom
enol. math. model (PMM) was developed to describe the process. The simplified model that better repres ented the exptl. data was
Verma, with a global relative mean error of 1.31%. The PMM with the use of an equili brium boundary condition at the surface
produced better results than those obtained when considering the convective condition, indicating that the effects of external mass
transfer resistance are neglected. The moringa oil was extracted from all dried seeds conditions using different extraction techni
ques, such as Soxhlet technique, ultrasound-assisted, and mech. extraction; and the maximum oil yield obtained for dry seeds was
43.06%, 31.53%, and 24.93% resp. All drying temperatures of the moringa seed do not show influence the oil yield obtained in
each extraction method used.
Keywords: Moringa oleifera seed oil extraction convective drying kinetic modeling

51
Influence of seasonality on the physicochemical properties of Moringa oleifera Lam. Seed oil and
their oleochemical potential
By: Wiltshire, Flavia Michelle Silva; de Franca Santos, Alessandro; Silva, Lavinia Kelly Barros; Carvalho de Almeida, Lays; dos Santos
Freitas, Lisiane; Lima, Alvaro Silva; Fricks, Alini Tinoco; Dariva, Claudio; Soares, Cleide Mara Faria
Food Chemistry: Molecular Sciences (2022), 4, 100068 | Language: English, Database: CAplus and MEDLINE
The effect of abiotic factors, such as weather and climate can alter the properties of vegetable oils. In this work , the effects of the
refining process and pre-drying of Moringa oleifera Lam. seeds collected in the dry and rainy seasons (season ality) were evaluated
on the characteristics of the extracted oils. The refined and crude dry season oils had lower acidity and moisture content than the
dry and raw rainy season oils. Oleic acid (C18:1) showed the highest concent ration in the different Moringa oils studied. The results
suggest that dry season oils are more suitable for application as feedstocks in the cosmetic, food, medicinal and pharmac eutical
industries. Furthermore, refining proved to be efficient in removing free fatty acids and in lightening the oil.
Keywords: Moringa oleifera seed oil oleochem potential season ality; ANOVA, Analysis of variance; C DS, Crude Oil–Dry Season
Extract; DSR, Dried Seed –Rainy Season Extract; Diolein (Pub Chem CID: 6505653); FTIR, Fourier transform infrared spectro scopy; G
C–MS, Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry; HPLC, High-performance liquid chromatography; Hexane (PubChem CID: 8058);
Isopropanol (PubChem CID: 3776); Monoolein (PubChem CID: 5283468); Moringa oleifera ; Oil; R DS, Refined Oil–Dry Season Extract;
RSR, Raw Seed –Rainy Season Extract; Season ality; Sodium hydroxide (Pub Chem CID: 14798); Triolein (Pub Chem CID: 12313712)
52
Depaul dwarf horse for domestication method
Assignee: Guangxi Institute of Animal Farming

China, CN114698589 A 2022-07-05 | Language: Chinese, Database: CAplus
[Machine Translation of Descriptors]. A kind of sports De Paul dwarf horse's domestication method, wherein, including seed
selection, mare propagation before feeding and manage ment, mare production process of care, sports training young foal feeding,
disease prevention and cure, feed supply, thus obtain concoction of domestication, suitable for children configured least square
dwarf horse breeds, culturing for children of animals, natural, love close awe diligent character Physical exercise of life, to become
the national social, useful personnel.
available Substances (0) Reactions (0) Citing (0)

53
Non-pharmacological Interventions for Improving Sleep Quality During Pregnancy: A Systematic

Review and Meta-Analysis.
By: Paulino, Daiane Sofia Morais ; Borrelli, Carolina Bicudo ; Faria-Schützer, Débora Bicudo ; Brito, Luiz Gustavo Oliveira ;
Surita, Fernanda Garanhani
Revista brasileira de ginecologia e obstetricia : revista da Federacao Brasileira das Sociedades de Ginecologia e Obstetricia (2022),
44(8), 776-784 | Language: English, Database: MEDLINE
OBJECTIVE: To invest igate the effect of non-pharmacological interventions to improve sleep quality during pregnancy. D ATA SOU
RCES: A search was made in the N CBI/PubMed, ClinicalTrials.gov, Embase, BVS, and Web of Science databases. There were no
limitations regarding language, sample size, and type of non- pharmacological intervention. We have included prospe ctive clinical
trials between July 2014 and July 2019. SELECTION OF STUDIES: This study was registered in the Prospe ctive International Regist
ration of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO) database was performed. Publication bias was also assessed with funnel plots. the
primary outcome was the total score in the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) before and after intervention. Risk of bias and the
Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) criteria were used for assessing methodo logical
quality. From the 28 retrieved studies, we have selected 8 for qualitative analysis and 6 for meta- analysis. DATA COLLECTION:
Two independent reviewers performed the study selection. In the case of disagre ement, a third senior reviewer was consulted. The
study was initially assessed based on the title, followed by abstract. Lastly, the full text was assessed to be included. DATA SYNTHESI
S: A significant improvement on the sleep quality (PSQI score) was observed when all interve ntions were grouped (MD = -3.03,
95%CI -4.15 to -1.92, n = 623, i 2 = 84%, p < 0.001). Analysis by subgroup (music listening: M D = -1.96, 95% CI -3.27 to -0.65, n = 207, i 2
= 67%, p = 0.003 and other interve ntions: MD = -3.66, 95% CI -4.93 to -2.40, n = 416, i2 = 80%, p < 0.001) showed an improvement,
with high heterogeneity. Risk of bias has shown perfor mance and detection bias for almost studies, and G RADE evidence was very
low for all analyzed variables. CONCLUSION: Non-pharmacological interventions-listening to music, physical exercise , relaxation
exercises , lettuce seed , sleep hygiene, and acupressure-are effective for improving sleep quality during pregnancy.
54
A critical review with emphasis on recent pieces of evidence of Moringa oleifera biosorption in water
and wastewater treatment.
By: Benettayeb, Asmaa; Usman, Muhammad ; Tinashe, Coffee Calvin; Adam, Traore; Haddou, Boumediene
Environmental science and pollution research international (2022), 29(32), 48185-48209 | Language: English, Database: MEDLINE
The increasing demand for using competent and inexpensive methods based on biomaterials, like adsorption and biosorption, has
given rise to the low-priced alternative biosorbents. In the past few years, Moringa oleifera (MO) has emerged as a green and low-
priced biosorbent for the treatment of contam inated waters with heavy metals and dyes, and given its availab ility, we can create
another generation of effective biosorbents based on different parts of this plant. In this review paper, we have briefed on the
application of MO as a miraculous biosorbent for water purific ation. Moreover, the primary and cutting-edge methods for the purifi
cation and modification of MO to improve its adsorption are discussed. It was found that M O has abundant availability in the
regions where it is grown, and simple chemical treatments increase the effectiveness of this plant in the treatment of some toxic
contaminants. The different parts of this miraculous plant's "seeds , leaves, or even husks" in their natural form also possess apprec
iable sorption capacities, high efficiency for treating low metal concentr ations, and rapid adsorption kinetics. Thus, the advantages
and disadvantages of different parts of MO as biosorbent, the conditions favorable to this biosorption, also, the proposal of a logical
mechanism, which can justify the high efficiency of this plant, are discussed in this review. Finally, several conclusions have been
drawn from some important works and which are examined in this review, and future sugges tions are proposed.
Keywords: Biosorption; Dyes; Heavy metal ions; Mechanism; Moringa oleifera ; Moringa species

55
Seed priming with light quality and Cyperus rotundus L. extract modulate the germination and initial
growth of Moringa oleifera Lam. seedlings.
By: Costa, P S ; Ferraz, R L S ; Dantas-Neto, J ; Martins, V D ; Viégas, P R A ; Meira, K S ; Ndhlala, A R ; Azevedo, C A V

; Melo, A S
Brazilian journal of biology = Revista brasleira de biologia (2022), 84, e255836 | Language: English, Database: MEDLINE
Improving plant germination is essential to guarantee better quality seedlings. Thus, this research aimed to evaluate whether the
seed priming with light quality (L IQ) and the aqueous extract of Cyperus rotundus (A EC) tuber could modulate the germin ation and
initial growth of Moringa oleifera L. seedlings. The experi mental design was a completely randomized in the 4x4 factorial scheme,
composed of four LIQ conditions (white, blue, red, and distant red light) and four A EC concentrations (0, 25, 50 and 100%) . Seed
priming with red light reduced the average emergence time, while blue, red, and extreme red lights associated with 50% of
aqueous extract of C. rotundus increased shoot initial length and photosynthetic pigment accumulation. Seed priming with blue
light resulted in seedlings with a shorter final shoot length. However, application of 100% of aqueous extract of C. rotundus
reversed this. The white light in combination with concentrations of 50 and 100% of A EC promoted a higher relative shoot growth
rate of seedlings. The research revealed that seed priming with light quality and aqueous extracts of C. rotundus tubers modulates
the germination and initial growth of M. oleifera seedlings. More work needs to be done to determine the respon sible compounds
in AEC that is responsible for priming growth as phytoho rmones.
56
Effect of Milk Thistle (Silybum marianum) Seed Cakes by Horses Subjected to Physical Exertion.
By: Dockalova, Hana ; Baholet, Daria ; Batik, Andrej ; Zeman, Ladislav; Horky, Pavel
Journal of equine veterinary science (2022), 113, 103937 | Language: English, Database: MEDLINE
Milk thistle (Silybum marianum) provides several possible benefits for horses, namely anti-inflammatory, antioxidant effects,
hepatoprotective, and neuroprotective effects. Silybin exerts also pronounced effects on energy metabo lism, that could be useful
for sport horses. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of milk thistle seed cakes (in the form of a granulated mixture with
barley) on blood biochemical parameters (total protein, albumin, bilirubin, urea, creati nine, ALT, AST, ALP, GGT, LDH, the total choles
terol, HDL-cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, TAG, BHB, NEFA, creatine kinase, lactate, glucose, glutat hione peroxidase, total antioxidant
capacity, cortisol, calcium, and phosphorus) to monitor the differences between the experi mental (milk thistle in feed) and control
horses after exposure of the monitored horses to heavy physical exercise (combined driving) total number of horses was 12 Czech
Warmblood breed horses. The digestibility of silymarin (and its individual flavono lignans) and basic nutrients are also monitored in
this study. Statistically significant differences (P < .05) were found mainly in plasma cortisol and N EFA levels. The results of this
study confirmed the results of our previous studies. These results suggest that the feeding of milk thistle seed cakes has a possible
positive effect on horse health and energy metabolism.
Keywords: Exercise ; Horse nutrition; Plasma bioche mical parameters; Silymarin; silybin

57
Sixteen weeks of aerobic exercise does not alter resting-state connectivity of the precuneus in
patients with Alzheimer's disease
By: Musaeus, Christian Sandoee; Johansen, Louise Barueel; Hasselbalch, Steen; Beyer, Nina; Hoegh, Peter; Siebner, Hartwig Roman;
Frederiksen, Kristian Steen
Current Alzheimer Research (2022), 19(2), 171-177 | Language: English, Database: CAplus and MEDLINE
Introduction: In healthy elderly persons and patients with mild cognitive impair ment, phys . exercise can increase functional brain
connectivity in the default mode network (D MN) measured by resting- state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs- fMRI).
However, no studies have so far investigated the effect of phys . exercise on functional resting-state connectivity in the DMN in
patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD). Objective: In a single- blinded randomized controlled trial, we assessed the effects of an
aerobic exercise intervention of 16 wk of phys . exercise on DMN connectivity using rs-fMRI in patients with A D. Methods: Forty-
five patients were randomly assigned to either a control or exercise group. The exercise group performed 60-min of aerobic
exercise three times per wk for 16 wk. All the patients underwent whole- brain rs-fMRI at 3 T, at baseline, and after 16 wk. Since the
posterior cingulate cortex (PCC) and adjacent precuneus constitute a central hub of the D MN, this parietal region was defined as
region-of-interest and used as the seed region for functional connec tivity anal. of the rs-fMRI data treating age and gender as
covariates. Results: Neither seed -based anal., seeded in the PCC/precuneus region nor I CA-based analyses, focusing on
components of the DMN network, showed any exercise -induced changes in functional resting-state connectivity from baseline to
follow-up. Conclusion: 16 wk of aerobic exercise does not modify functional connec tivity of the PCC/precuneus region in patients
with AD. A longer interv ention may be needed to show the effect of exercise on brain connectivity.
Keywords: Alzheimer’s disease; Physical exercise ; default mode network; exercise ; fMRI; resting-state
58
Optimization of turbidity and dye removal from synthetic wastewater using response surface
methodology: Effectiveness of Moringa oleifera seed powder as a green coagulant
By: El Gaayda, Jamila; Titchou, Fatima Ezzahra; Barra, Issam; Karmal, Ilham; Afanga, Hanane; Zazou, Hicham; Yap, Pow-Seng; Abidin,
Zurina Zainal; Hamdani, Mohamed; Akbour, Rachid Ait
Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering (2022), 10(1), 106988 | Language: English, Database: CAplus
The present work evaluated the efficiency of Moringa oleifera seed powder (MOSP) as a natural coagulant for removing both
turbidity and anionic dye from synthetic wastewater. The bio-coagulation tests were performed by preparing synthetic wastewater
containing high turbidity and Amido Black 10B dye. The efficiency of M OSP treatment was optimized using the central composite
design (CCD) based on response surface methodol. (RSM) and statis tical anal. A series of experiments were conducted to study the
influence of several parameters on the coagulation efficiency, namely dosage of M OSP, initial dye concentration, pH, settling time,
stirring speed, and stirring time. Exptl. results indicated that the removal efficiencies of turbidity and dye from the synthetic
wastewater achieved 98.5% and 92.2%, resp. Numerical optimization results demonstrated that removal efficiencies of turbidity
and dye of 100% were obtained at the optimum conditions as follows: MOSP dosage (0.34 mg L- 1), dye concentration (7.88 mg L- 1),
initial pH (6.93), settling time (113.15 min), stirring speed (135 rpm), and stirring time (13.52 min). Moreover, the mechanism of
removing turbidity and Amido Black 10B dye by M OSP could be attributed to surficial adsorption due to electro static interactions
and hydrogen bonding effects. The results obtained have proven that MOSP bio-coagulant could be used as an efficient natural
substance for wastewater treatment and an alternative to chem. coagulants.
Keywords: amido black Moringa seed coagulation wastewater treatment green chem

59
Determination of the physio-biochemical changes occurring during seed development, maturation,

and desiccation tolerance in Moringa oleifera Lam
By: Gupta, Nakul ; Chinnappa, Manimurugan; Singh, Prabhakar Mohan ; Kumar, Rajesh; Sagar, Vidya
South African Journal of Botany (2022), 144, 430-436 | Language: English, Database: CAplus
The present study aims to understand the physiol. and biochem. changes occurring in Moringa (Moringa oleifera Lam.) seeds
from development to maturation. The flowers of ten uniform plants (1.5 years old) were first tagged, and the growth of the pod
and seeds was monitored from 7 days after anthesis (D AA) to 70 DAA (maturity) during 2016- 17 and 2017-18. Results showed that
the moisture content of seeds increased significantly from 14 to 28 D AA. Following that, it decreased gradually from 28 to 49 D AA
and drastically from 49 to 70 D AA. The dry weight of the seeds increased substantially until 70 DAA due to increase in carbohy
drates, proteins, and oils in developing seed . Seeds acquired germinability at 49 DAA but attained desiccation tolerance only after
56 DAA. Seeds harvested at 70 D AA showed maximum germination, seedling length, seedling dry weight, vigor index- I, vigor index-I
I, and maximum dry weight Thus, this stage could be considered as the most suitable stage for harves ting. Furthermore, high
dehydrogenase activity and lower elec. conduc tivity with a decrease in total soluble sugars and total soluble proteins in seed
leachate indicate higher vigor and better physiol. status of the seed during the later stages of develo pment and maturation. A
proper understanding of seed maturity will boost seed -based cultivation, improve seed storability and germination percentage,
reduce seed shattering, and promote com. cultiv ation.
Keywords: physiobiochem change seed development maturation desiccation tolerance Moringa
60
Treatment of cosmetic industry wastewater by flotation with Moringa oleifera Lam. and aluminum
sulfate and toxicity assessment of the treated wastewater
By: Araujo, Nathalia Santos; Souza, Nathalia Ferreira; de Lima-Faria, Joao Marcos; Paz, Andressa Tuane Santana; Scalize, Paulo
Sergio; de Saboia-Morais, Simone Maria Teixeira; Junior, Humberto Carlos Ruggeri; da Conceicao, Edemilson Cardoso
Environmental Science and Pollution Research (2022), 29(1), 1199-1209 | Language: English, Database: CAplus and MEDLINE
The production of personal hygiene and body products generates wastewater with a high load of surfactants, a high COD (COD),
and abundant oils and greases. Aluminum sulfate (AS) and two solutions of natural coagulant from Moringa oleifera Lam. seeds
prepared with a 1M NaCl solution and 1.5 M NaCl solution were used. Aluminum sulfate, Moringa oleifera Lam. in 1M NaCl, and
Moringa oleifera Lam. in 1.5 M NaCl solutions reduced turbidity at rates 94.48%, 98.07%, and 97.87%; reduced C OD at rates 46.36%,
49.15%, and 42.7%; and reduced oil and grease at rates 98.72%, 78.65%, and 97.41%, resp. Mutagenicity tests with guppies showed
a lower toxicity of Moringa oleifera Lam. extract compared with aluminum sulfate. This work shows that Moringa oleifera Lam.
extract has high potential for use as an alternative to aluminum sulfate; therefore, this study will contribute to proposals for the
sustainable treatment of effluents from the cosmetic industry.
Keywords: aluminum sulfate Moringa oleifera cosmetic industry wastewater treatment; Chemical coagul ation; Cytotoxicity;
Dissolved air flotation; Natural product; Poecilia reticulata; Wastewater treatment

61
Transcriptional characterization of the biostimulant effect of Moringa oleifera leaf extracts using
Arabidopsis thaliana as a model.
By: Brazales-Cevallos, Domenica Khiabet; Romero-Contreras, Yordan Jhovani; Vences-Guzman, Miguel Angel; Torres, Martha; Aviles-
Baltazar, Norma Yaniri; Sohlenkamp, Christian ; Serrano, Mario
Plant food production is affected by multiple abiotic and biotic stresses. To overcome these limiting factors, synthetic agrochems.
are widely used. However, more stringent worldwide regulatory policies and the public demand to reduce their application have led
to the search for new ecofriendly alternatives such as biostimulants. Their com. use is still limited, mostly due to the lack of
knowledge of the mol. mechanisms responsible for their effects on plant metabolism The horser adish Moringa oleifera has been
described as a source of metabolites with biosti mulant potential in agriculture. In particular, its leaf extracts (M LE) have been used
to improve food production by enhancing plant growth and abiotic and biotic stress tolerance. Nevertheless, the mol. basis of
changes induced by the application of MLE, in particular to the plant transcriptome, are poorly understood. In this work , using
Arabidopsis thaliana as model, we determined that M LEA induced tolerance to salinity and protection against the phytopa thogen
Botrytis cinerea. Addnl., we characterized the transcriptional changes of phytohormone-induced genes that were caused by M LE.
Our work provides novel and valuable inform ation that can help resear chers to characterize the biostimulant effects induced by the
miracle plant Moringa oleifera .
Keywords: Arabidopsis thaliana Moringa oleifera leaf extract biostimulant transcriptional characterization

62
Therapeutic effect of Moringa oleifera leaves on constipation mice based on pharmacodynamics and
serum metabonomics
By: Li, Caifeng ; Li, Zhiyong; Wu, Hongwei; Tang, Shihuan; Zhang, Yi; Yang, Bin; Yang, Hongjun; Huang, Luqi
Journal of Ethnopharmacology (2022), 282, 114644 | Language: English, Database: CAplus and MEDLINE
Moringa oleifera is native to India, and has been introduced to China in recent years. Moringa oleifera leaves (MOL), as Ayurvedic
medicine, has efficacy of Pachana karma (digestive) and Virechana karma (purgative). Folium Sennae (FS), Rhubarb (RB), Aloe vera (A
V), Hemp seed (HS) are commonly used as laxatives in Tradit ional Chinese Medicine (TCM), which have different characteristics.
However, the intensity of the diarrheal effect of MOL and its mechanism of action are unclear. The methods of pharmacol. and
omics were used to compare the purgative effects of MOL and FS, RB, AV, HS, and their effects on metabol omics, to analyze the
purgative characteristics and related mechanisms of M OL. C57BL/6J mouse model of consti pation was established by feeding low-
fiber food. Feces parameters and colon pathol. were used to evaluate the effect of F S, RB, AV, HS and M OL. And mass spectrometry-
based serum metabolomics was performed. The differential metabolites of these herbs in the treatment of consti pation were
obtained by OPLS-DA anal. Furthermore, pathway anal. was conducted based on different metabo lites. Moringa leaves can adjust
the stool number, wet fecal weight and fecal water content to varying degrees to achieve laxative effects, and recover colon muscle
thickness and mucus. Anal. of metabolomics results showed that 71 metabo lites from LC-MS datasets between model group and
control group were obtained. 29, 12, 44, 29 and 20 metabolites were significantly reversed by F S, RB, AV, HS, MOL compared with
model group resp. According to the metabolic pathways, RB and AV may be clustered into a similar category, and M OL, FS and HS
showed similarity of metabolic characteristics. The purgative effect of M OL is inferior to that of FS, and stronger than that of A V, RB
and HS. The metabolic pathway for consti pation is more similar to that of F S. MOL has a long-lasting and mild effect of laxative,
increasing defecation volume and water content of feces, and may become a fewer side effects medicine to treat constipation.
Keywords: constipation mice Moringa oleifera leave serum metabo nomic therapeutic effect; Constipation; Metabonomic; Moringa
oleifera leaves

63
Moringa oleifera Lam: a versatile medicinal tree in tropical and subtropical countries
By: Gupta, Prakash Chandra

Asian Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology (2022), 8(4), 127-137 | Language: English, Database: CAplus
A review. Moringa oleifera Lam (Moringaceae), with several common names such as "sahajan", " drumstick ", "super food", "miracle
tree", "horseradish" and " ben oil tree ", is distributed throughout in tropical and subtro pical regions of the world. This plant is a
panacea, since different parts of it have long been used in herbal medicines by Indians and Africans to cure more than 300
diseases. Moringa is one of the most nutrient-rich plants as it contains over 90 nutrients, 46 antioxi dants, 18 amino acids, including
8 essential amino acids. The leaves, pods and seeds of it show presence of a variety of essential phytoc hems. With no known
reports of side effects, different parts of the plant are used to treat malnutrition, diabetes, blindness, anemia, hyperte nsion, stress,
depression, skin, arthritis, joints, liver and kidney disorders. The powder from seeds and leaves is widely used in water and effluent
treatment to improve water quality, which has special applicability in intensive animal production systems, such as aquacu lture.
The plant possesses many pharmacol. attributes such as hypoglycemic, anti-diabetic anti-oxidant, hepato-protective, neuro-protec
tive, cardio-protective, chemo-preventive, anti-cancer, anti-ulcer, cytotoxic, anti-inflammatory, anti-microbial, herbicidal, anti-
hypertensive, enzyme inhibition, uterotonic, and fertility stimul ator. Due to high nutritional value and several medicinal proper ties,
the plant may act as a nutritional and medical alternative for socially neglected populations. This review will present an updated
compilation of the published research on the medicinal characte ristics, phytochem. composition, and pharmacol. properties along
with recent advances in pharmacognosy of moringa .
Keywords: review Moringa oleifera Lam medicinal tree
64
The potential of Moringa oleifera seeds for fungal disinfection in water
By: Zakaria, Siti Nur Syazana; Che Ku Yahya, Che Ku Mohammad Faizal; Yahya, Noor Yahida
Water contamination by fungi has earned more attention by numerous resear chers, while disinfection is one of the primary
methods used in drinking water treatment process to remove bacteria or fungi. In this work , a pilot study on the characte rization
and the performance of the regrowth fungal spores on Moringa oleifera (MO) disinfection process were investigated. Firstly, an
active compound in MO seeds was extracted and charact erized via Fourier-transform IR (FTIR) and S EM (SEM) analyses. The extract
MO then underwent a comparison set of disinf ection studies without any disinf ectant at different time to evaluate its perfor mance
in reducing the growth of fungal spores in water. The disinfection study reveals that fungi's spore's growth decreased from 71% to
60% from day two until day seven. In addition, these findings indicate that extract MO seeds may be a potential disinf ectant for the
growth of fungi in drinking water.
Keywords: Moringa oleifera seed water fungal disinf ection

65
The value chain of Moringa oleifera plant and the process of producing its biodiesel in Ghana
By: Takase, Mohammed ; Essandoh, Paul Kwame; Asare, Richard Kwadzo; Nazir, Kizzie-Hayford
Scientific World Journal (2022), 1827514 | Language: English, Database: CAplus and MEDLINE
Moringa oleifera grows well in different parts of Africa, including Ghana, and throughout the world as it can tolerate moderate cold
and severe drought. Dubbed as the "Miracle Tree," Moringa has a number of nutritional, pharmaceutical, and cosmetic applica
tions. It is also used as a cure for diabetes and various forms of cancer. Another promising use of this plant is the production of
biodiesel. However, such application demands vast cultivation areas and this can lead to compet ition with the cultivation of crops
for food, forestry, and environmental protection. Furthermore, it requires suitable cultivation schedules that favor the growth of
pods containing oil-rich seeds . The present work investigates the availability of land for Moringa cultivation in Ghana to increase
the energy production from the plant. The study reports on an overview of the soil, water, and climatic conditions that favor
Moringa oleifera cultivation and oil produc tion, the conversion of Moringa oleifera oil to biodiesel, and the perfor mance of
Moringa oleifera biodiesel vs. mineral diesel as well as the com. enhanc ement of the Moringa product.
66
Moringa oleifera Lam. Peptide remodels intestinal mucosal barrier by inhibiting JAK-STAT activation
and modulating gut microbiota in colitis
By: Hong, Zi-Shan; Xie, Jing; Wang, Xue-Feng; Dai, Jing-Jing; Mao, Jia-Ying; Bai, Yu-Ying; Sheng, Jun; Tian, Yang
Frontiers in Immunology (2022), 13, 924178 | Language: English, Database: CAplus and MEDLINE
Ulcerative colitis is a chronic inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), but progress in exploring its pathogenesis and finding effective
drugs for its prevention and treatment has stalled in recent years. The seeds of Moringa oleifera Lam. are rich in proteins known
to have multiple physiol. activities. In our earlier work , we had isolated and purified a peptide (M OP) having the sequence K ETTTIV
R, from M. oleifera seeds ; however, its anti-inflammatory activity and mechanism in vivo were unclear. Here we used the dextran
sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis model to study the anti-inflammatory activity and mechanism of this M OP. Our results are the
first to show that MOP can ameliorate the pathol. phenotype, inflamm ation, and intestinal barrier disruption in mice with colitis.
Furthermore, RNA sequencing revealed that M OP inhibits the Janus kinase/signal transducer and activator of transcr iption (JAK-STA
T) pathway activa tion. Next, by using 16s r RNA gene sequencing, we found that M OP can ameliorate DSS-induced gut microbiota
dysbiosis. In addition, an untargeted metabolomics anal. suggested that MOP is able to modulate the level of lipid and amino acid
metabolites in IBD-stricken mice. Altogether, these results indicate that MOP ameliorates colitis by remodeling intestinal mucosal
barrier by inhibiting JAK-STAT pathway′s activation and regulating gut microbiota and its metabo lites, thus providing a basis for
further processing and design of bioactive foods from M. oleifera seeds .
Keywords: Moringa colitis seed peptide intestinal mucosa gut microb iota; JAK-STAT pathway; Moringa oleifera seed ; colitis; gut
microbiota; intestinal mucosal barrier; peptide

67
Comprehensive Review of Bioactive and Molecular Aspects of Moringa Oleifera Lam
By: Shah, Kaushal H.; Oza, Manisha J.

Food Reviews International (2022), 38(7), 1427-1460 | Language: English, Database: CAplus
A review. Moringa oleifera Lam. is a multipurpose perennial plant belonging to family Moring aceae. Traditionally, it has been used
to cure diabetes, anemia, asthma, typhoid fever, arthritis, malaria and skin disease. M. oleifera is rich in various phytocons tituents
such as flavonoids, carotenoids, isothiocyanates, polyphenol, saponins, alkaloid, cardiac glycos ides, carbohydrates and glucosin
olates. All parts of M. oleifera including seeds , leaves, roots, flowers, stem, pods have traditional medicinal value. Various extracts,
fractions and phytoconstituents isolated from various parts of M. oleifera have been studied at mol. level for treatment of various
pathol. conditions such as cancer, inflammation, diabetes, arthritis, atherosc lerosis, and wound healing and atopic dermat itis.
These reports indicate that phytoconstituents present in plant parts are respon sible for regulation of various biol. functions via
modulation of various mol. targets. It is used as food fortificant since it isa good source of dietary anti-oxidants; has high content of
b-carotene, ascorbic acid, a-tocopherol, iron calcium, iron and potassium and protein content. The purpose of present review is to
discuss effect of M. oleifera on various mol. targets such as various cytokines, N F-κB, Nrf-2, HO-1, iNOS, PPAR, COX, MAPK, JNK, ERK,
Bax, Caspase 3 and 9, Bcl-2 and understand its role in management of various diseases.: M O- Moringa oleifera , TNF- Tumor
Necrosis Factor, BSS- β-sitosterol, IL- Interleukin, LPS- lipopolysaccharide, MSE- Moringa oleifera seed extract, M C- Moringa
oleifera concentrate, MIC- Moringa isothiocyanates, VHFD- very high fat diet, DNCB- 2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene, AD- Atopic dermat
itis, NF-κB- Nuclear Factor kappa beta, A RE- antioxidant response element, HO- Haem Oxygenase, Nrf- Nuclear factor erythroid 2-
related factor, RBITC- 4- (α-L-Rhamnosyloxy)-benzyl isothiocyanate, COX- cyclooxygenase, Bcl2-B-cell lymphoma 2, Bcl- xL- B-cell
lymphoma-extra large, E AC- Ehrlich ascites carcinoma, DEN- Di-Et nitrosamine, VEGF- vascular endoth elial growth factor, i NOS-
inducible nitric oxide synthase, CP- cyclophosphamide, PPAR- Peroxisome proliferator- activated receptors, PARP- poly(ADP-ribose)
polymerase, MAPK- Mitogen-activated protein kinase, E RK- Extracellular-signal-regulated kinase, JNK- c-Jun N-terminal kinase, UC-
ulcerative colitis, SCI- spinal cord injury, WKY- Wistar Kyoto rats, D NA- DNA, ASC- adipose stem cells, MOLEE- Moringa oleifera leaf
ethanol extract, TLR4- Toll-like receptor 4, PGE2- Prostaglandin E2, PIK3- Phosphoinositide 3-kinase.
Keywords: review Moringa Moringaceae diabetes cancer inflammation cytokine

68
Silicon improves seedling production of Moringa oleifera lam. under saline stress
By: De Jesus Carballo-Mendez, Fernando; Olivares-Saenz, Emilio; Vazquez-Alvarado, Rigoberto Eustacio; Zavala-Garcia, Francisco;
Benavides-Mendoza, Adalberto; Bolivar-Duarte, Manuela
Pakistan Journal of Botany (2022), 54(3), 751-757 | Language: English, Database: CAplus
Salinity is one of the most common environmental stresses, particularly in agricultural areas. This condition affects growth and
development of crops, since it causes physiol., biochem. and morphol. changes. Different techniques have been proposed to
mitigate crops salinity damage, including application of silicon (Si). The objective of the present work was to evaluate the effect of
salinity, Si and its interaction, in emergence, growth, biomass and ion concent ration of moringa seedlings ( Moringa oleifera Lam.).
The experiment was set up in a completely randomized design with a factorial arrangement 3*3 and three replic ations per
treatment. Seedlings were developed in nine nutritive solutions derived from combination of three elec. conductivities (2.5, 6.0 and
9.5 dS/m by adding sodium chloride) and three Si concent rations (0, 50 and 100 mg/L by adding potassium silicate) . Results showed
that salinity reduced emergence, growth, biomass and concentration of K and Mg, and increased concent ration of Zn, Cu and Mn in
root, similarly reduced concentration of Mg and increased concent ration of Na in stem and leaves. Si increased growth of aerial
part, biomass and Ca concentration in root, meanwhile increased Mg concent ration and reduced Na concent ration in leaves.
Salinity-Si interaction was found in root were Si reduced Na concent ration and increased Fe concent ration, both in high salinity.
Similarly, Si increased K, Ca, Cu and Fe leaves concentrations when E C was high. These results suggest that Si should be considered
as an alternative to reduce the effects of salinity in plants.
Keywords: Moringa saline stress seedling production silicon
69
Miracle tree: MORINGA OLEIFERA
By: Jaiswal, Vidhan; Singh, Gurinder; Kaur, Jaswinder

International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research (2022), 13(5), 1924-1934 | Language: English, Database: CAplus
A review. Moringa oleifera is an angiosperm plant that belongs to the family Moring aceae. It is also known as the Drumstick tree or
Horseradish tree . Alkaloids, protein, quinine, saponins, flavon oids, tannin, steroids, glycosides, fixed oil and lipids are among the
active phytoconstituents present. It is distri buted throughout the world's tropical and subtro pical regions. Several studies show that
various parts of the plant, such as seeds , flowers, bark, fruits, pods , gum and leaves, have antitumor, antiinfla mmatory, wound
healing, cholesterol-lowering, antioxidant, antidiabetic, antibacterial and antifungal, antimicrobial, antiulcer, antifib rotic, antifertility,
antiurolithiatic, anticonvulsant, analgesic, local anesthetic, antiasthmatic and are used in the indigenous system of medicine to treat
various diseases. This review aims to provide complete data, including morphol., cultivation and propagation, distribution, phytoc
hem., traditional uses & Pharmacol. activi ties.
Keywords: review miracle tree Moringa oleifera

70
Purification and Characterization of Gum-Derived Polysaccharides of Moringa oleifera and

Azadirachta indica and Their Applications as Plant Stimulants and Bio-Pesticidal Agents
By: Shobana, Nagarajan; Prakash, Pandurangan; Samrot, Antony V.; Jane Cypriyana, P. J.; Kajal, Purohit; Sathiyasree, Mahendran;
Saigeetha, Subramanian; Stalin Dhas, T.; Alex Anand, D. ; Sabesan, Gokul Shankar ; et al
Plant gums are bio-organic substances that are derived from the barks of trees. They are biodegr adable and non-adverse complex
polysaccharides that have been gaining usage in recent years due to a number of advantages they contribute to various applica
tions. In this gum was collected from Moringa oleifera and Azadirachta indica trees, then dried and powd. Character izations of gum
polysaccharides were performed using TLC, GC-MS, NMR, etc., and sugar mols. such as glucose and xylose were found to be
present. Effects of the gums on Abelmoschus esculentus growth were observed through root growth, shoot growth, and biomass
content. The exposure of the seeds to the plant gums led to bio stimul ation in the growth of the plants. Poor quality soil was
exposed to the gum polysaccharide, where the polysaccharide was found to improve soil quality, which was observed through soil
anal. and SEM anal. of soil porosity and structure. Furthe rmore, the plant gums were also found to have bio-pesticidal activity
against mealybugs, which showed certain interstitial damage evident through histopathol. anal.
Keywords: Moringa Azadirachta Abelmoschus plant gum; bio-pesticidal activity; plant gums; seed germination; soil efficiency
71
Sprouts of Moringa oleifera Lam.: Germination, Polyphenol Content and Antioxidant Activity
By: Cirlini, Martina ; Del Vecchio, Lorenzo; Leto, Leandra; Russo, Federica; Dellafiora, Luca ; Guarrasi, Valeria ; Chiancone,
Benedetta
In recent years, the consumption of sprouts, thanks to their high nutrit ional value, and the presence of bioactive compounds with
antioxidant, antiviral and antibacterial properties, is becoming an increasingly widespread habit. Moringa oleifera Lam. ( Moringa )
seems to be an inexhaustible resource considering that many parts may be used as food or in tradit ional medicine; on the other
hand, Moringa sprouts still lack a proper characte rization needing further insights to envisage novel uses and applica tions. In this
study, a rapid and easy protocol to induce the in vivo and in vitro germination of Moringa seeds has been set up to obtain sprouts
and cotyledons to be evaluated for their chem. composition Moreover, the effects of sprouts develop mental stage, type of sowing
substrate, and gibberellic acid use on the chem. characte ristics of extracts have been evaluated. Moringa seeds have a high
germinability, both in in vivo and in vitro condit ions. In addition, the extracts obtained have different total phenolic content and
antioxidant activity. This research provides a first- line evidence to evaluate Moringa sprouts as future novel functional food or as a
valuable source of bioactive compounds
Keywords: Moringa oleifera sprout germination polyphenol antioxidant activity; Moringa ; antioxidant activity; bioactive
compounds; gibberellic acid; in vitro tissue culture; seed germination; sprout characterization

72
Determination of Micronutrients and Toxic Elements in Moringa Oleifera Leaves by Calibration Free
Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS)
By: Umar, Zeshan Adeel ; Liaqat, Usman; Ahmed, Rizwan; Hedwig, Rinda; Ramli, M.; Marpaung, M. A.; Kurniawan, K. H.; Pardede,
M.; Baig, Muhammad Aslam
Analytical Letters (2022), 55(5), 755-769 | Language: English, Database: CAplus
Analytical Methods available
The Moringa oleifera tree, including the leaves, flowers, pods , and seeds , is highly nutritious and useful for the prevention and
control of various diseases. Here we have probed the micronutrients in Moringa oleifera leaves using laser- induced breakdown
spectroscopy (LIBS). The time-resolved and time-integrated LIBS data reveal the presence of Ca, Mg, K, C, Si, Fe, Al, Ti, Sr, Na, H, O,
and Li. The plasma temperature and electron number d. required for the elemental compos ition anal. were estimated to be (6375 ±
500) K from the Saha-Boltzmann plot and (1.0 ± 0.2) 10 17 cm -3 from the Stark broadened Hα line, resp. Elemental anal. of the
samples was performed using one-line calibration free LIBS (CF-LIBS). The results reveal that C is the major element together with
Ca, Mg, K, Fe Na, Al, Ti, Sr, and Li as micronutrients. The concentrations of the micronu trients determined by CF-LIBS were validated
by inductively coupled plasma - optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES). LIBS has been demons trated to be a practical candidate
for the detection of potentially toxic elements (Li, Al, Si, and Sr) as well as for the composi tional anal.
Keywords: determination micronutrient toxic element Moringa Oleifera leaf; calibration free laser induced breakdown spectr
oscopy
73
Usage of Moringa oleifera seed extract in synthesis of silver nanoparticles and its antibacterial
activity
By: Porchelvi, K. N.; Nisha, S.; Nirmala Devi, K.

Chemistry Research Journal (2022), 7(6), 91-96 | Language: English, Database: CAplus
Researchers interested in exploring the green synthesis of Ag NPs involving plant extract as it is ecofriendly. In the present work , we
tried to get extract from seeds of a moringa oleifera seeds . Formation of Ag NPs was confirmed by UV-Visible spectroscopic
absorption and Infra-red absorption spectrometry. The morphol. of AgNPs was confirmed by S EM. XRD analytic studies revealed the
crystalline nature. The formation of Ag NPs using moringa oleifera seed extract was unique work reported so far. Atomic silver
was reduced with aqueous solution of moringa oleifera seed extract The size of silver nanopar ticles formed was analyzed by
Particle size analyzer. Phytochem. test anal. of the moringa oleifera seed extract was done for the presence of natural products
which imparts unique properties to the extract synthesized. Antibacterial studies confirmed its potentiality against the gram-pos.
bacteria like Bacillus subtilis, staphylococcus aureus and gram-neg. bacteria like Escherichia coli and proteus vulgaris.
Keywords: Moringa seed extract silver nanoparticle antibacterial activity

74
Moringa oleifera Seeds Characterization and Potential Uses as Food
By: Gautier, Adele; Duarte, Carla Margarida ; Sousa, Isabel

Foods (2022), 11(11), 1629 | Language: English, Database: CAplus and MEDLINE
Despite the fact Moringa oleifera (MO)-based foods present a very good and nutriti onally well-balanced composition, they face
some issues related to seed bitterness, which is the most challenging barrier to consumer acceptance. Different processing
methods were tested to produce MO toasted seeds , MO-based beverage, and yoghurt-like products which were chem. and rheol.
analyzed. The protein content ranged from 3.68% in the beverage, to 14.73% in the yoghurt and 40.21% in MO toasted seeds . A
totally debittered beverage could not be accomplished, but the M O yoghurt-like showed a very nice flavor. Nutrition claims for
minerals in toasted seeds could be considered for magnesium, phosphorus, iron, copper, zinc, and manganese, which confirms the
M. oleifera seed richness in several minerals. The M O beverage presented less extended shear- thinning behavior (17.4 Pa·s) than
com. vegetable beverages and two pulse-based beverages developed in a previous study. The M O yoghurt-like product showed a
gel structure similar to the dairy yoghurt, making it a promising new plant-based alternative. Further work must be performed in
the future to debitter more efficiently the raw seeds to achieve a more pleasant M O-based beverage. The developed MO seed -
based products may settle another font of high protein plant- based food.
Keywords: Moringa oleifera seed beverage; lactic acid ferment ation; rheology; yoghurt-like
75
Moringa oleifera leaves extract alters exercise -induced cardiac hypertrophy adaptation
By: Jasaputra, D. K.; Lucretia, T.; Ray, H. R. D.; Kwee, L.; Gunawan, D.; Edwinanto, L.; Viona, S. I.; Goenawan, H.; Lesmana, R.; Gunadi, J.
W.
Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences (2022), 25(3), 210-217 | Language: English, Database: CAplus and MEDLINE
Background and Objective: Cardiomyocyte adaptation to exercise might require R OS as a central regulator. There is a limited study
regarding the importance of ROS for inducing exercise -Induced adaptation and its correl ations with changes in histol. scoring of
cardiac muscles. The study aimed to explore the importance of physiol. ROS induced by exercise and its correlation with Cardiom
yocyte histol. appearance that is altered by Moringa oleifera leaves extract in Wistar rats. Materials and Methods: This was an
animal exptl. study, which use 4 groups of 24 Wistar rats divided into Control (Co), Moringa leaves extract (Mo), Exercise (Ex) and a
combination of Moringa leaves extract and Exercise (MoEx). The Moringa leaves extract were given orally, 5 days a week, for 4
consecutive weeks. The exercise was given in moderate intensity, 5 days a week, also for 4 consec utive weeks. Results: This study
found significant differences in heart weight and heart weight /body weight ratio in Ex group compared to the control. As for histol.
scoring, found that MoEx group has 16.7% cardiac hypertr ophyand myofiberdisarray compared to 83.3% mild hypert rophy and
50% mild disarray in Ex group. Conclusion: In summary, the study showed that the potential central role of exercise -induced
physiol. ROS for cardiac hypert rophy adaptation is altered by Moringa oleifera leaves extract treatment.
Keywords: Cardiac hypertrophy; Moringa oleifera ; ROS; cardiac hypertrophy; cardiomyocyte; myofiber disarray

76
Profile of phytochemicals and GCMS analysis of bioactive compounds in natural dried- seed removed
ripened pods methanolic extracts of Moringa oleifera
By: Suganandam, K.; Jeevalatha, A.; Kandeepan, C.; Kavitha, N.; Senthilkumar, N.; Sutha, S.; Seyed, Mohamed Ali; Gandhi, Sanyam;
Ramya, S.; Grace, Lydial Pushpalatha G.; et al
Journal of Drug Delivery and Therapeutics (2022), 12(5Suppl.), 133-141 | Language: English, Database: CAplus
Moringa oleifera has been reported to be the store- house of wide range of bioactive compounds Most commonly used plant part
has been the leaves which are reported to be rich in Vitamins, Carotenoids, Polyphenols, Phenolic Acids, Flavonoids Alkaloids,
Glucosinolates, Isocyanides, Tannins and Saponins. Moringa leaves are used as Keerai while, green pods are commonly used as
vegetable in the traditional preparation of Sambar in South- India. MO is gaining popularity because of its nutrient- rich root, leaves,
flowers and fruits, having immense traditional medicinal uses and proved pharmacol. proper ties. Not much of work has been
carried out on anal. of bioactive compounds present in the pods . In the present study an attempt has been made to screen and
analyze the range of bioactive compounds present in Moringa oleifera seed removed ripened natural dried pods . Phytochem.
screening and GCMS anal. revealed the presence of 12 compounds namely - 7- Octadecyne, 2-methyl- (C19H36); 3,7,11,15-Tetram
ethyl-2-hexadecen-1-ol (C20H40O); 3,7,11,15-Tetramethyl-2-hexadecen-1-ol (C20H40O); 6,9,12,15-Docosatetraenoic acid, me (C23
H38O2); Cyclohexanol, 5-methyl-2-(1-methylethyl)- (C10H20O); 3,7,11,15-Tetramethyl-2-hexadecen-1-ol (C20H40O); Palmitic acid
vinyl ester (C18H34O2); .gamma.-Tocopherol (C28H48O2); Vitamin E (C29 H50O2); Cholesta-7,9(11)-dien-3-ol, 4,4-dim (C29H48O);
gamma.-Sitosterol (C29H50O); Stigmasta-5,24(28)-dien-3-ol, (3.beta.,24Z)- (C29H48O). Further, in- silico ADMET anal. is expected to
provide in-death physiochem. and biomol. details of these mols. in order to exploit them for production of novel drugs for the
pharma market with wide array of bio medical applications.
Keywords: Moringa ripened pod octadecynemethyl gamma tocopherol sitosterol vitamin E
77
Application of plant seeds as a water purifier
By: Awinash, Chavan; Shraddha, Lasgare; Pankaj, Rathod; Ashish, Rathod

A review. Water is one of the most important blessings of nature to mankind without which life would not have been possible on
the planet. All living organisms on earth need water for life. The water must be accessed for safe drinking purpose but in rural
areas, more than 700 million people live without access to safe and quality drinking water. In the past few decades evidence has
been accumulating and influencing mortality due to the hardness of the drinking water. Various methods have been reported for
converting hard water to soft water includes Ion-exchange resin method, Lime softening, Chelating agents, Reverse osmosis etc.
Polyaluminum Chloride (PAC), a synthetic coagulant is mostly used for waste water and ground water treatment, which possess
health risk and expensive. Simple, effective, natural, easily available and low-cost tech. methods are being used to resolve this
situation. Seeds of the plant like Clearing Nut Tree (Strychnos potatorum) and Drumstick Tree ( Moringa oleifera ) is an alternative
natural way to overcome this problem, since their seeds contain a natural coagulant able to effect ively reduce the turbidity of the
raw water. The present work aimed to study the plant seeds of S. potatorum and M. oleifera acts as powerful coagulant as well as
purifier and make water safe for drinking to rural people. These natural coagulants, when used for treatment of waters with low- to-
medium turbidity range, are comparable to their chem. counte rparts in terms of treatment effici ency. These natural coagulant
plant seeds may function by means of adsorption mechanism followed by charge neutral ization or polymeric bridging effect.
Keywords: review water purifier plant seed application

78
Comparison of PSA to Moringa Oleifera seed protein as sorbent in QuEChERS: a response surface
methodology optimization for extraction of some endocrine disrupting chemicals in food
By: Ramalepe, Thapelo ; Richards, Heidi ; Tutu, Hlanganani ; Nuapia, Yannick ; Chauque, Eutilerio; Nyambe, Imasiku ;
Chimuka, Luke
Journal of Chemistry (2022), 7161318 | Language: English, Database: CAplus
This work aimed at optimizing the QuEChERS method with PSA and then comparing it with Moringa Oleifera seed protein as a
clean-up sorbent for the extraction of endocrine- disrupting chems. The response surface methodol. approach was used in the
optimization. A design of experiment (Do E) was used to invest igate the effect of the sample mass (0.5-3 g), centrifuge speed (3400-
4000 rpm) and time (5-20 min), the mass of NaCl and MgSO4(1 - 3 g) , and solvent extraction volume (5- 10 mL). The anal. was done
using GC-ECD and GC x GC TOFMS. The PSA method which was later replaced with Moringa Oleifera seed protein presented
optimal values of 3 g of sample, 150 mg PSA, 4000 rpm for 6 min centrifuge condit ions, including 2 g Na Cl and 2 g MgSO4 extracted
in 10 mL methanol, resp. Moringa Oleifera seed protein gave better selectivity, and the detection limits ranged between 0.16 and
1.77μg kg-1 with RSD values ≤13.32%, resp. Moreover, recoveries were between 76.2 ± 0.85% and 105.2 ± 2.24%. Applic ation of the
developed method in food samples detected some EDCs. This study has shown that Moringa Oleifera seed protein is a promising
alternative to PSA in the clean-up of food-related samples using the QuEChERS approach.
Keywords: Moringa oleifera seed protein sorbent quecher
79
Impact of organic manures and foliar spray of Moringa leaf extract ( Moringa oleifera L.) on growth
and yield of rice bean [Vigna umbellata (Thunb.) Ohwi and Ohashi]
By: Rachel, S. Cynthia; Singh, Shikha; Thapa, Jolly Edna; Gayethri, Gowriraja
International Journal of Plant & Soil Science (2022), 34(18), IJPSS.87069 | Language: English, Database: CAplus
A field experiment on rice bean was conducted during Kharif, 2021 at SMOF (SHIATS Model Organic Farm) , Department of
Agronomy, SHUATS, Prayagraj (U.P), India. The soil of the experiment plot was sandy loam in texture, nearly neutral in soil reaction
(pH 7.2), low in organic carbon (0.51%) , available nitrogen (230 kg/ha), available phosphorus (17.80 kg/ha) and available potassium
(245.10 kg/ha). The foliar spray of Moringa oleifera L. extract was applied twice at different concent rations (5.0, 10.0 and 20.0%
volume/volume) with different organic manures (pig manure, goat manure and neem cake) applied at 5 t/ha and control plot with
water spray. The experiment was laid out in Randomized Block Design with ten treatments each replicated thrice. As compared to
other treatments, the results disclosed that applic ation of neem cake 5t/ha + 20% moringa leaf extract recorded highest plant
height (105.78 cm), nodules per plant at 60 DAS (35.64), branches per plant (20.61), plant dry weight (35.01 g/plant), pods per plant
(25.85), seeds per pod (7.45), test weight (50.52 g), seed yield (1.66 t/ha) , stover yield (3.72 t/ha) , harvest index (30.86%) . Therefore,
application of neem cake and foliar applic ation of Moringa oleifera L. might be a promising option for yield enhanc ement of rice
bean.
Keywords: Moringa Vigna lead carbon nitrogen phosphorus potassium photosy nthesis

80
Conversion of crop residual waste in to fuel for thermal plants and fertilizer for farmers
By: Suresh, A.; Pavan Kumar Reddy, M.; Saikiran Goud, A.; Praneeth, A.; Manideep, E.; Lakshmi Sruti, Ch.
The conversion of solid waste (dry leafs and dry seeds ) into fuel and fertilizer is an idea for educating and mobilizing the farmers to
stop the burning of crop residue seasonally. In India it is a common practise for the farmers to fire the crop residue after the cultiv
ation is completed by which air and soil pollution is increa sing. The idea here is to convert that crop residue (waste) into a useful
form by pulverising and blending in a ratio. In this work the emphasis is made on rice stubble, wheat stubble, cotton stubble, neem
leafs and Moringa oleifera leafs. In addition to them rice husk, dry neem seeds , tamarind seeds , Indian date seeds and agro
waste seeds are used. The produced fuel (in powder form) has found a calorific value of 4180 Kcal/Kg and the fertilizer has shown
the typical value of nitrogen in nitrate form is 24.94%, phosphorous in phosphate form of 12.35% and potassium of 61.75%. This
work makes an arena to the farmers to stop burning the crop residue (agro waste) and substan tially converting it into the fuel and
fertilizer.
Keywords: Moringa leaf crop residual waste fuel thermal plant fertilizer
81
Moringa oleifera seed extract assisted electrocoagulation process for efficient direct dye removal
from textile wastewater: Modelling, optimisation and techno-economic study
By: Yazdandoust, Mehran; Ehrampoush, Mohammad Hassan; Dalvand, Arash

International Journal of Environmental Analytical Chemistry, | Language: English, Database: CAplus
This work reports the results of coupling Moringa oleifera seed extract (MOSE) with electrocoagulation (EC) for the remedi ation of
Direct Red 80 azo dye (DR80) from contaminated synthetic aqueous solution and real textile wastew ater. The electrochem.
treatment was carried out using a pair of aluminum electrodes in monopolar-parallel mode. EC runs determined using Box-
Behnken design under the response surface methodol. (R SM) for three parameters including c.d., p H, and operation time. The E C
optimal conditions were c.d. 0.9 mA/cm 2, pH 3, and time 10 min. The maximum exptl. D R80 dye removal of 89.37% was close to the
model prediction (76.4%). The kinetic study of the E C system represented that the removal of dye obeyed the first-order kinetic
model. To improve dye removal efficiency from treated wastewater under optimal conditions, 2.5 m L/L of MOSE was added and the
efficiency enhanced to above 98%. SEM and microscopic images of the sludge produced showed that the flocs formed in the hybrid
system were denser and thicker than the conventional EC. The economic study revealed that switching from the E C to hybrid
process reduced energy and electrode consumption from 0.015 to 0.008 k Wh/m3 and 0.016 to 0.014 kg/m3, resp., for 98% D R80
dye removal. MOSE has a substantial effect on the EC performance. Therefore, the E C/MOSE coupling process is recomm ended for
the treatment of colored wastewater due to its high efficiency, short operation time, and electrode and energy consum ption costs.
Keywords: extract assisted electrocoagulation process economic study

82
Moringa oleifera Lamarck (1785), Moringaceae and cancer I: a systematic and comprehensive review
of 24 years of research
By: Karimi, Isaac

Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Biology (2022), 7(1), 75-96 | Language: English, Database: CAplus
A review. This review was aimed to assess the anti-cancer properties of Moringa oleifera Lamarck. (Moringaceae: MO) reported
from 1998 till 10 Nov. 2021. A total 71 PubMed relevant papers were discussed here. Among all parts of M O which used to assess
antitumor activities, the leaves (52), seeds (22), pods (7), and phytocompounds (7; like moringin and its congeners) would be
considered as a source of putative phyto-oncolytics or phyto-onco-statics. The partitioning of secondary metabolites with
pharmacol. value in source (leaf) and sink (roots, flowers, pods , callus, and fruits) organs of M O dictates the best choice of the
solvents for their extraction The polar: water (29) > ethanol (17) > methanol (13) > hydro-alc. (11); intermediate polar: dichloro
methane (4); and nonpolar: n-hexane = Et acetate (7) > chloroform (3of studies) solvents have been employed for extrac tions
among studies. The human colorectal cancer, leukemia, non-small cell adenocarcinoma, and breast cancer consisted 22, 14, 10, and
8of screened studies, resp. and the rest of tumors consisted less than 5of studies. The in vitro (51), in vivo chem. induced model (21)
, and tumor graft models (8) were reported and there were no clin. trials among studies. Totally, from 118 cell lines used, healthy
cell lines (control; n = 19), MCF-7 (n = 12), HepG2 (n = 12), and Hela (n = 6) consisted top list amongst studies. From 76 anticancer
portals curated amongst studies, induction of apoptosis (n = 29), anti-proliferation (n = 17), anti-angiogenesis (n = 8), and DNA/RNA
fragmentation (n = 6) were the main antitumor portals and the cytoto xicity and anti-inflammation may be considered as minor
ones. To sum up, the rational extraction and purification of MO, phytochem., and computational and exptl. pharmacol. of various
extracts of MO should be pursued to decipher phyto-onco-lytic and/or phyto-onco-static drug-like phytocompounds suitable to be
employed in clin. trials.
Keywords: review Moringa colorectal cancer moringin methanol dichloro methane apoptosis cytotoxicity

83
Moringa oleifera Leaf Extract Protects C2C12 Myotubes against H2O2-Induced Oxidative Stress
By: Ceci, Roberta ; Maldini, Mariateresa ; Olson, Mark E. ; Crognale, Domenico; Horner, Katy ; Dimauro, Ivan ; Sabatini,
Stefania; Duranti, Guglielmo
Antioxidants (2022), 11(8), 1435 | Language: English, Database: CAplus and MEDLINE
The imbalance between reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and antiox idant defense systems leads to macromol. and tissue
damage as a result of cellular oxidative stress. This phenomenon is considered a key factor in fatigue and muscle damage following
chronic or high-intensity phys . exercise . In the present study, the antioxidant effect of Moringa oleifera leaf extract (MOLE) was
evaluated in C2C12 myotubes exposed to an elevated hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) insult. The capacity of the extract to influence the
myotube redox status was evaluated through an anal. of the total antioxidant capacity (TAC), glutathione homeostasis (GSH and GS
SG), total free thiols (T FT), and thioredoxin (Trx) activity, as well as the enzyme activities of superoxide dismutase (S OD), catalase (CA
T), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and transferase (GST). Moreover, the ability of M OLE to mitigate the stress-induced peroxi
dation of lipids and oxidative damage (T BARS and protein carbonyls) was also evaluated. Our data demons trate that MOLE pre-
treatment mitigates the highly stressful effects of H2 O2 in myotubes (1 mM) by restoring the redox status (T FT, Trx, and GSH/GSSG
ratio) and increasing the antioxidant enzymic system (CAT, SOD, GPx, GST), thereby significantly reducing the T BARs and PrCAR
levels. Our study provides evidence that MOLE supplementation has antioxidant potential, allowing myotubes better able to cope
with an oxidative insult and, therefore, could represent a useful nutritional strategy for the preser vation of muscle well-being.
Keywords: Moringa leaf extract antiox idant enzyme oxidative stress; C2C12 skeletal muscle cells; Moringa oleifera leaf extract (MO
LE); enzymatic antiox idant system; oxidative stress; redox status
84
Immunomodulatory potential of vegetables vis-a-vis human health
By: Krishna, Hare; Janakiram, T.; Singh, Manoj Kumar; Karuppaiah, V.; Yadava, R. B.; Prasad, R. N.; Singh, Jagdish; Behera, T. K.
Journal of Horticultural Science & Biotechnology (2022), 97(5), 560-579 | Language: English, Database: CAplus
A review. Reorientation of life style becomes necessary for staying healthy, especially during the challe nging times as it is prevailing
at present. Consumption of ample plant-based foods like vegetables could be an important step towards it. However, certain
vegetables hold more significance as they boost immunity. Daily intake of vegetables with immunomo dulation properties (modifi
cation of the immune response or the functi oning of the immune system) seems promising. The immunomo dulatory properties of
these vegetables are attributed to the presence of certain phytoconstituents like polysachharides (e.g. R G-I in bell pepper; C MDP-4b
in pumpkin; MOP-3 in drumstick ), lectins (ASA I & ASA II in garlic; B OL in cauliflower), isothiocynates (Sulforaphane in broccoli),
unsaturated fatty acids (pumpkin seeds ), bryonolic acid (acorn squash) , ribosomes inactivating protein (Lagenin in bottle gourd),
glycoprotein (Luffaculin in ridge gourd), trypsin inhibitor (MoFTI in drumsticks ), etc. The aim of this review is to highlight results of
work done on immunomodulatory activity of vegetables. The roles of various vegetables and their phytocons tituents, which are
accountable for immunomo dulation and reduction in the risk of infectious as well as non- communicable diseases, have been
discussed. Such information may be encouraging for researchers to carry out further advanced research on vegetables with
potential immunomodulatory properties.
Keywords: review immunomodulatory activity vegetable human health

85
Recent Advances in Drumstick ( Moringa oleifera ) Leaves Bioactive Compounds: Composition, Health
Benefits, Bioaccessibility, and Dietary Applications
By: Kashyap, Piyush ; Kumar, Shiv ; Riar, Charanjit Singh; Jindal, Navdeep ; Baniwal, Poonam; Guine, Raquel P. F.; Correia,
Paula M. R. ; Mehra, Rahul ; Kumar, Harish
A review. Based on the availability of many nutrients, Moringa oleifera tree leaves have been widely employed as nutrients and
nutraceuticals in recent years. The leaves contain a small amount of anti- nutritional factors and are abundant in innume rable
bioactive compounds Recently , in several in vivo and in vitro investig ations, moringa leaves' bioactive components and functio
nality are highlighted. Moringa leaves provide several health advant ages, including anti-diabetic, antibacterial, anti-cancer, and anti-
inflammatory properties. The high content of phytochems., carotenoids, and glucosinolates is responsible for the majority of these
activities as reported in the literature. Furthermore, there is growing interest in using moringa as a value-added ingredient in the
development of functional foods. Despite substa ntial study into identi fying and measuring these beneficial components from
moringa leaves, bioaccessibility and bioavailability studies are lacking. This review emphasizes recent scientific evidence on the
dietary and bioactive profiles of moringa leaves, bioavailability, health benefits, and applications in various food products. This
study highlights new scientific data on the moringa leaves containing nutrient and bioactive profiles, bioavail ability, health benefits,
and uses in various food items. Moringa has been extensively used as a health- promoting food additive because of its potent
protection against various diseases and the widespread presence of environmental toxins. More research is needed for utiliz ation
as well as to study medicinal effects and bioaccesibility of these leaves for develo pment of various drugs and functional foods.
Keywords: review Moringa leaf bioaccessibility; Moringa oleifera ; antioxidants; bioaccessibility; phytochemicals; therapeutic applic
ations

86
Three-dimensional structure characterization and inhibition study of exfoliative toxin D from

Staphylococcus aureus
By: Ullah, Anwar; Khan, Ajmal; Al-Harrasi, Ahmed; Ullah, Kifayat; Shabbir, Asghar
Frontiers in Pharmacology (2022), 13, 800970 | Language: English, Database: CAplus and MEDLINE
The Staphylococcus aureus exfoliative toxins (ETs) are the main toxins that produce staphyl ococcal scalded skin syndrome (S SSS),
an abscess skin disorder. The victims of the disease are usually newborns and kids, as well as grown-up people. Five E Ts namely,
exfoliative toxins A, B, C, D, and E have been identified in S. aureus. The three- dimensional (3D) structure of exfoliative toxins A, B, C
and E is known, while that of exfoliative toxin D (ETD) is still unknown. In this work , we have predicted the 3D structure of ETD using
protein modeling techniques (software used for 3D structure modeling comprising the M ODELLER 9v19 program, S WISS-Model, and
I-TESSER). The validation of the build model was done using P ROCHECK (Ramachandran plot), ERRAT2, and Verify 3D programs. The
results from 3D modeling show that the build model was of good quality as indicated by a G MQE score of 0.88 and by 91.1% amino
acid residues in the most favored region of the Ramachandran plot, the ERRAT2 quality factor of 90.1%, and a verify3 D score of >0.2
for 99.59% of amino acid residues. The 3D structure anal. indicates that the overall structure of E TD is similar to the chymotrypsin-
like serine protease fold. The structure is composed of 13 β- strands and seven α-helixes that fold into two welldefined six-strand β-
barrels whose axes are roughly perpend icular to each other. The active site residues include histidine- 97, aspartic acid-147, and
serine-221. This represents the first structure report of E TD. Structural comparison with the other E Ts shows some differences,
particularly in the loop region, which also change the overall surface charge of these toxins. This may convey variable substrate
specificity to these toxins. The inhibition of these toxins by natural (2 S albumin and floccu lating proteins from Moringa oleifera
seeds ) and synthetic inhibitors (suramin) was also carried out in this study. The results from docking indicate that the inhibitors
bind near the C-terminal domain which may restrict the movement of this domain and may halt the access of the substrate to the
active site of this enzyme. Mol. dynamic simulation was performed to see the effect of inhibitor binding to the enzyme. This work
will further elucidate the structure-function relationship of this enzyme. The inhibition of this enzyme will lead to a new treatment
for SSSS.
Keywords: three dimensional structure inhibition study exfoli ative toxin D Staphylo coccus; Staphylococcus aureus; comparative
protein modeling; exfoliative toxin D; exfoliative toxins; inhibition; three-dimensional structure characterization

87
Plant biomass as potential economic commodities for agricultural purposes
By: Obuseng, Veronica C.; Moshoeshoe, Mohau N.; Nareetsile, Florence M.; Kwaambwa, Habauka; Maina, Irene
Frontiers in Chemistry (Lausanne, Switzerland) (2022), 10, 806772 | Language: English, Database: CAplus and MEDLINE
The world's population is growing continually and is projected to reach nine billion by the year 2050. This growth rate requires
increased and economically viable food production and an adequate supply of quality water to sustain life. Increased food
production and supply of water require adding fertilizers and possible recycling of wastew ater, to address the improvement of soils'
nutritional status and potable water shortages, resp. The objectives of this work were to determine the nutrients in sewage-
impacted wastewater, borehole water, agricu ltural waste, and com. fertilizer (control) materials, and their heavy metal content was
also carried out to determine their suitability for use. In addition, Moringa seed pods and Morula nutshells were invest igated as a
bioremedial approach for the removal of toxic metals from aqueous samples. An attempt to regenerate sorbent was made since
the saturated sorbents that contain the metal ions are not safe for disposal as they can pollute the environment. Nutrients were
analyzed by HPLC, while metals were analyzed using a Varian 220 FS Atomic Absorption Spectrometer operated with air/acetylene.
Nonedible agricultural materials were found to contain apprec iable amounts of plant nutrients such as nitrates (NO3-), nitrites (N
O2-), and phosphates (P O4 3-) as well as metal ions such as magnesium, copper, and zinc, which are beneficial for plant growth.
Results obtained from anal. of sewage water effluent showed that heavy metal and nutrient concentrations decreased in the
treatment stage. The utilization of Moringa oleifera seed pods for metal removal from wastewater is viable and would reduce
costs for waste disposal and can offer alternatives to conventional methods for the removal of unwanted or toxic species from the
environment. It showed potential for removing selected metal ions such as Pb, Cd, Cu, Fe, and Zn from polluted water. This organi
cally treated wastewater is environm entally friendly and may be used for applic ations which do not require potable water, such as
irrigating golf courses, lawns, and crops, or for industrial purposes, if proper measures are taken to ensure its quality.
Keywords: plant biomass agricultural purpose economics; heavy metal; nitrates; nitrites; phosph ates; wastewater

88
Morphological diversity, phenotypic and genotypic variance and heritability estimates in Moringa
oleifera Lam.: a less used vegetable with substantial nutritional value
By: Drisya Ravi, R. S.; Nair, Bindu R.; Siril, E. A.

Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution (2021), 68(8), 3241-3256 | Language: English, Database: CAplus
Moringa oleifera Lam. (common name: drum stick, horseradish tree ) belongs to the monogeneric family, Moringaceae. Immature
pods , fresh leaves and flowers of M. oleifera are used for culinary purposes. The leaves and young pods are a rich source of
minerals and vitamins. In the present study, 23 genotypes of drumstick , which were selected based on superiority of yield/tree
from 120 genotypes surveyed in South India were subjected to anal. morphol., yield and quality attributes and found they are
substantially varying thus necessitate further anal. Diversity anal. based on the coefficient of variation (CV), genotypic coefficient of
variation (GCV), environmental coefficient of variation (ECV), phenotypic coefficient of variation (P CV) and heritability were
determined Quant. fruit traits such as fruit length (30.56-127.57 cm), fruit weight (72.22-163.27 g), fruit breadth (3-8 cm), number of
fruits/tree (NF/T) (320-1000), and number of seeds /fruit (NS/F) (11-29) varied among the genotypes. Correlation studies revealed
that the fruit yield had a significant, pos. correlation with the number of fruits per tree, length of fruit and single fruit weight The
estimate of PCV was slightly higher than the GCV for all characters studied, indicating that the apparent variation is not only genetic
but also influenced by the growing environment in the expression of the traits. Heritability was greater than 90% for all characters
studied. The overall anal. outcome of the study emphasizes that selection of high yielding genotypes should give due weightage to
the number of fruits per tree and single fruit weight
Keywords: Moringa morphol diversity phenotypic genotypic variance herita bility

89
Moringa oleifera seeds -removed ripened pods as alternative for papersheet production:
antimicrobial activity and their phytoconstituents profile using HPLC
By: Salem, Mohamed Z. M.; Ali, Hayssam M.; Akrami, Mohammad

In the present study, and for the waste valorization, Moringa oleifera seeds -removed ripened pods (SRRP) were used for
papersheet production and for the extraction of bioactive compounds Fibers were characterized by S EM-EDX patterns, while the
phytoconstituents in ethanol extract was analyzed by H PLC. The inhibition percentage of fungal mycelial growth (I FMG) of the
treated Melia azedarach wood with M. oleifera SRRP extract at the concentrations of 10,000, 20,000, and 30,000μg/mL against the
growth of Rhizoctonia solani and Fusarium culmorum was calculated and compared with flucon azole (25μg). The produced
papersheet was treated with the ethanol extract (4000, 2000, and 1000μg/mL) and assayed for its antibacterial activity against
Agrobacterium tumefaciens, Erwinia amylovora, and Pectoba cterium atrosepticum by measuring the inhibition zones and min.
inhibitory concentrations (MICs). According to chem. anal. of M. oleifera SRRP, benzene:alc. extractives, holocellulose, lignin, and
ash contents were 7.56, 64.94, 25.66 and 1.53%, resp., while for the produced unbleached pulp, the screen pulp yield and the Kappa
number were 39% and 25, resp. The produced papersheet showed tensile index, tear index, burst index, and double fold number
values of 58.8 N m/g, 3.38 mN m2/g, 3.86 kPa m2/g, and 10.66, resp. S EM examination showed that the average fiber diameter was
16.39μm, and the mass average of for elemental composition of C and O by E DX were, 44.21%, and 55.79%, resp. The main
phytoconstituents in the extract (mg/100 g extract) by H PLC were vanillic acid (5053.49) , benzoic acid (262.98), naringenin (133.02),
chlorogenic acid (66.16), and myricetin (56.27). After 14 days of incuba tion, M. oleifera SRRP extract-wood treated showed good I F
MG against R. solani (36.88%) and F. culmorum (51.66%) compared to flucon azole, where it observed 42.96% and 53.70%, resp.
Moderate to significant antibacterial activity was found, where the min. inhibitory concentration (MIC) values were 500, 650, and
250μg/mL against the growth of A. tumefa ciens, E. amylovora, and P. atrose pticum resp., which were lower than the pos. control
used (Tobramycin 10μg/disk). In conclusion, M. oleifera SRRP showed promising properties as a raw material for pulp and paper
production as well as for the extraction of bioactive compounds
Keywords: Moringa seed ripened pod removal papersheet production antimicrobial phytoconstituents

90
Kinetics modeling, thermodynamics and thermal performance assessments of pyrolytic

decomposition of Moringa oleifera husk and Delonix regia pod
By: Balogun, Ayokunle O.; Adeleke, Adekunle A.; Ikubanni, Peter P.; Adegoke, Samuel O.; Alayat, Abdulbaset M.; McDonald, Armando
G.
A non-isothermal decomposition of Moringa oleifera husk and Delonix regia seed pod was carried out in an N 2 pyrolytic condition
with the primary objective of undertaking the kinetics modeling, thermodn. and thermal perfor mance analyses of the identified
samples. Three different isoconversional models, namely, differential Friedman, Flynn-Wall-Ozawa, and Starink techniques were
utilized for the deduction of the kinetics data. The thermodn. parameters were deduced from the kinetic data based on a first-order
chem. reaction model. In the kinetics study, a strong correlation (R2 > 0.9) was observed throughout the conversion range for all the
kinetic models. The activation energy profiles showed two distinctive regions. In the first region, the average activation energy
values were relatively higher-a typical example is in the Flynn-Wall-Ozawa technique-MH (199 kJ/mol) and RP (194 kJ/mol), while in
the second region, MH (292 kJ/mol) and RP (234 kJ/mol). It was also demonstrated that the thermal process for the samples experi
enced endothermic reactions thought the conversion range. In summary, both the kinetic and thermodn. parameters vary signifi
cantly with conversion-underscoring the complexity associated with the thermal conversion of lignocel lulosic biomass samples.
Keywords: Moringa Delonix kinetic modeling thermodn thermal decompo sition

91
Insecticidal effect of ethnobotanical plant extracts against Anopheles arabiensis under laboratory
conditions
By: Ejeta, Desta ; Asme, Ansha; Asefa, Animut

Malaria Journal (2021), 20(1), 466 | Language: English, Database: CAplus and MEDLINE
The emergence and spread of resistant strains of malaria vectors to chem. insecticides are becoming major problems for malaria
vector management. Natural plant products have a vital role to play in the current challenge of malaria control. The current study
was conducted to evaluate insecticidal effect of ethnobotanical plant extracts against the primary malaria vector, Anopheles
arabiensis in northwestern Ethiopia. Primarily, ethnobo tanical plants used for Anopheles mosquito control were surveyed in
Dangur district, northwestern Ethiopia. Insect icide-susceptible strains of Anopheles arabiensis mosquito were reared in the
insectary of the Tropical and Infectious Diseases Research Center, Assosa University. After surveying plants used for mosquito
control in local people, four frequently used plants were identified for extraction The larvicidal and adulticidal potential of
frequently used plant extracts against susceptible strains of the laboratory colony were evaluated. A total of 15 plants were
identified as ethnobotanical plants that help local people with mosquito control. Azadir achta indica, Ocimum lamiif olium, Ocimum
americanum, Moringa olifeira leaf, and Moringa olifeira seed species of local plants were found to be frequently used to kill
and/or repel mosquitoes in the study district. All the plant extracts were found to have potential larvicidal activity against fourth
instar larvae of An. arabiensis and only ethanol and methanol extract of Azadirachta indica and Ocimum lamiif olium were found to
have potential adulticidal effect against adult of An. arabie nsis. The highest larvicidal activity was observed in ethanol extract of
Azadirachta indica with 95% larval mortality and lowest Lethal Concent ration 50 (LC 50) of 40.73ppm (ppm) and L C90 of 186.66
ppm. The highest adulticidal activity was observed in methanol extract of Azadir achta indica with 75% adult mortality at 300 ppm
and lowest LC50 of 106.65 ppm and L C90 of 1,293 ppm. The lowest larvicidal and adulti cidal activity was observed in methanol
extracts of Ocimum lamiifolium with 63.35% larval mortality and leaf extract of Moringa olifeira with 50% adult mortality at 300
ppm, resp. Ethanol extract of Azadirachta indica exerted a remarkable larvicidal effect against An. arabiensis and thus it can be used
for botanical mosquito insecticide development. Since the current finding is based on suscep tible strain of An. arabiensis, further
work on wild mosquitoes is recomm ended.
Keywords: Anopheles Azadirachta Ocimum Moringa leaf seed insecticidal; Anopheles arabiensis; Botanical insecticide; Dangur;
Ethnobotanicals; Malaria

92
Moringa oleifera : Antioxidant, Anticancer, Anti-inflammatory, and Related Properties of Extracts in Cell
Lines: A Review of Medicinal Effects, Phytochemistry, and Applications.
By: Ramamurthy, Shanmugapriya; Varghese, Sheeja; Sudarsan, Sabitha; Muruganandhan, Jayanandan; Mushtaq, Shazia; Patil,
Prema B; Raj, A Thirumal; Zanza, Alessio; Testarelli, Luca; Patil, Shankargouda
The journal of contemporary dental practice (2021), 22(12), 1483-1492 | Language: English, Database: MEDLINE
Moringa oleifera (MO), or the common drumstick possesses antioxidant properties, and its pods , seeds , leaves, and bark have
been used for the treatment of inflammatory and cancerous condit ions. This systematic review attempts to synthesize original
studies of MO extracts in cell lines to determine their specific antiproli ferative, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and related effects.
The literature was obtained from PubMed central, the Cochrane registry, and other sources including Google Scholar, and Embase.
Studies fulfilling the inclusion criteria were selected. Custom data collection forms were employed and two independent evaluators
compiled the relevant information. Eighteen studies were selected after applying inclusion and exclusion criteria. In most studies, M
O leaves had more potent properties compared to other parts of the plant. Ethyl acetate and ethanolic extrac tions improved the
potency of the extract. Effects were selective (different for normal cells and cancer cells) and dose-dependent. Anticancer and
antioxidant activities were consistently reported, with effects exerted at the genetic and molecular levels. M O extracts potentially
could be employed for therapeutic applications. The optimal sources, prepar ation protocols, and dosages have been resear ched,
though further scrutiny is needed for a comprehensive formulation. Keywords: Anticancer, Anti-inflammatory, Antioxidant, Moringa
oleifera .
93
The degradation kinetics and mechanism of moringin in aqueous solution and the cytotoxicity of
degraded products
By: Lu, Yuyun; Maria Vos, Romy Dorothea; Zhang, Yuyu; Zhang, Molan; Liu, Yunjiao; Fu, Caili; Liu, Shao Quan; Huang, Dejian
Food Chemistry (2021), 364, 130424 | Language: English, Database: CAplus and MEDLINE
In this work , we investigated the degradation of moringin (4-[(α-L-rhamnosyloxy)benzyl]-isothiocyanate), a major bioactive isothio
cyanate (ITC) found in moringa seeds ( Moringa oleifera Lam), at various food processing condit ions. Moringin degrades rapidly to
several water-soluble products via a pseudo-first-order kinetics. By analyzing the reaction products, the degrad ation mechanism
was found to be through hydrolyzing to (A) 1-O-(4-hydroxymethylphenyl) α-L-rhamnopyranoside (rhamnobenzyl alc. RBA) or (B)
rhamnobenzylamine. The formed amine further reacts with moringin to form N, N'-bis{4-[(α-L-rhamnosyloxy)benzyl]}thiourea (di-
rhamnobenzyl thiourea, DRBTU). In addition, moringin isomerizes to 4- [(α-L-rhamnosyloxy)benzyl]thiocyanate (RBTC), which further
reacts with moringin to form S,N-bis{4-[(α-L-rhamnosyloxy)benzyl]}-dithiocarbamate (DRBDTC). Furthermore, pH was found to have
an effect on the degradation of moringin. RBA and RBTC were major degraded products in neutral and acidic conditions while
thiourea (DRBTU) was in alk. condition. Although moringin showed higher cytoto xicity to cancer cells, its degraded products showed
very weak or no activities, suggesting that the isothiocyanate group of I TCs is essential for their cancer chemopre vention activities.
Keywords: moringin isothiocyanate Moringa degradation cytotoxicity cancer chemoprevention; Allyl isothio cyanate (PubChem CID
5971); Benzyl isothiocyanate (PubChem CID 2346); Cancer chemoprevention; Degradation; Isothiocyanates; Moringa ; Moringin;
Moringin (4-[(α-l-rhamnosyloxy)benzyl]-isothiocyanate, PubChem CID 14865502); Phenylethyl isothiocyanate (PubChem CID 16741)

94
Nanosilica modified with moringa extracts to get an efficient and cost-effective shale inhibitor in
water-based drilling muds
By: Rana, Azeem; Saleh, Tawfik A.; Arfaj, Mohammed K.

Chemical Engineering and Processing (2021), 168, 108589 | Language: English, Database: CAplus
Wellbore stability in the presence of water-based mud (WBM) is a key challenge for the oil and gas industry. The present work
reports the development of a cost-effective, efficient, and enviro nment-friendly shale inhibitor by using Moringa Oleifera cationic
protein-modified nanosilica (MOCP-nSiO2). The functionalized nSiO2 improved the swelling inhibition features of the shale materials
as compared to unmodified nanosilica. The linear swelling, shale inhibition stability, dispersion recovery, and sedimen tation tests
were utilized to assess the inhibition features of modified WBM. The lMOCP-nSiO2 modified WBM (lMOCP-nSiO2-WBM) demons
trates the maximum shale dispersion recovery (90.1%) as compared to s MOCP-nSiO2-WBM (81.8%), nanosilica (78.7%), unmodified
drilling mud (70.2%), KCl (48.6%), and water (25.1%). Improvement in rheol. features of the s MOCP-nSiO2-WBM and l MOCP-nSiO2-W
BM was observed To confirm the adsorption of cationic protein on the surface of the clay and its inhibition process was inspected
by several sorts of methods such as Fourier transforms IR spectroscopy (FTIR) anal., thermogra vimetric anal. (TGA), X-ray diffraction
(XRD) anal., and S EM (SEM). The outcomes disclosed that s MOCP-nSiO2 and lMOCP-nSiO2 plug the nanopores and carries functional
groups that can disturb the hydrogen bonding between water and clay surfaces. Consequently, the clay surface is being protected
against water-reactive action.
Keywords: nanosilica moringa extract water drilling mud shale inhibitor
95
Non-derivatization strategy for the comprehensive characterization of neutral monosaccharide

isomers and neutral disaccharide isomers using hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography
coupled to quadrupole/time-of-flight mass spectrometry
By: Liu, Jing; Li, Jing; Yi, Dan; Liu, Yanyang; Liu, Rong; Xue, Ying; Huang, Qi; Liu, Shao; Jiang, Yueping
Journal of Chromatography B: Analytical Technologies in the Biomedical and Life Sciences (2021), 1185, 122972 | Language: English,
Database: CAplus and MEDLINE
Monosaccharide isomers and disacc haride isomers widely exist in nature, playing a key role in a number of important biol.
processes. However, due to high structural similarity and high polarity, the characterization of monosaccharide isomers, disacc
haride isomers, as well as the anal. of monosac charide composition of polysaccharides by a method that does not require derivat
ization is an ongoing challenge. Herein, we proposed a simple method for rapid discrim ination of non-derivatized neutral monosacc
haride, and disaccharide isomers using hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatog. coupled to quadrupole/time-of-flight mass spectr
ometry (HILIC-Q/TOF-MS). In this work , we optimized the exptl. parame ters, and detailed approaches to discri minate the precursor
ions, deprotonated ions, and fragment ions are proposed, as well. To discri minate the various ions, the retention times, the relative
abundance (RA) of precursor ions and fragment ions at different collision energies, the relative abundance ratio (R AR) of fragment
ions to deprotonated ions or precursor ions were considered for characte rization of neutral monosaccharide and disaccharide
isomers. Finally, this strategy was successfully applied to analyzing the monosaccharide composition of neutral disaccharides,
polysaccharides, and an aqueous extract of Moringa oleifera seeds . The exptl. results revealed that the H ILIC-Q/TOF-MS is an
effective and convenient strategy for rapid differentiation of monosaccharide isomers and disacc haride isomers, which may serve
as a general platform for the anal. of neutral polysaccharides, food, medicinal plants, and herbs.
Keywords: Moringa seed monosaccharides disaccharides HILIC QTOF mass spectrometry; Aqueous extract of Moringa oleifera
seeds ; Disaccharide isomers; HILIC-Q/TOF-MS; Monosaccharide isomers; Non- derivatization; Polysaccharides

96
Moringa oleifera seed defatted press cake based biocoagulant for the treatment of coal beneficiation
plant effluent
By: Kapse, Gaurav ; Samadder, S. R.

Journal of Environmental Management (2021), 296, 113202 | Language: English, Database: CAplus and MEDLINE
This study proposes a unique way of preparation of biocoagulant from Moringa oleifera defatted seed press cake. The press cake
used in this study is a waste material produced as a byproduct during cold press oil making from Moring oleifera seeds . The
prepared Moringa oleifera seed defatted press cake based biocoagulant was found more effective than presently used metallic
and polymer-based coagulants and floccu lants for removal of fine particles of colloidal size from the effluent generated in the
process of coal beneficiation. The detailed characte rization of Moringa oleifera defatted seed press cake and the prepared biocoa
gulant for Particle size, Field Emission S EM, Energy Dispersive X- Ray anal., Zeta Potential, Fourier- transform IR Spectroscopy, etc.
was done. The biocoagulant has been found effective in 97.4% total suspended solids removal and 97.48% turbidity removal from
coal beneficiation plant effluent. The biocoagulant has been found to work satisfactorily under high fluxes of turbidity and total
suspended solids with high removal of fine particles. The age of biocoagulant had negligible effect on fine particle removal
efficiency (97.4% for fresh to 95% for 3-wk-old biocoagulant). Field Emission S EM anal. reveals considerable increase in flocs size
from 198 nm to a 20μ size well-developed flocs. The biocoagulant has proved as an efficient substitute of the metallic and polymer-
based coagulants for the efficient treatment of coal benefic iation plant effluent.
Keywords: biocoagulant Moringa oleifera seed cake coal treat plant effluent; And turbidity; Biocoag ulant; Coal beneficiation plant
effluent; Colloidal particle removal; Moringa oleifera
97
Organic stimulants for enhancing phytoremediation of crude oil polluted soil: A study on cowpea
By: Aliku, Chioma Bella; Madu, Christian N.; Aliku, OrevaOghene

Environmental Pollution (Oxford, United Kingdom) (2021), 287, 117674 | Language: English, Database: CAplus and MEDLINE
Petroleum hydrocarbon (PH) contamination of soils remains a major threat to environ mental health and food security. A two- years
phytoremediation study was conducted on a crude oil polluted soil to assess changes in soil total petroleum hydroc arbon concent
ration (TPHsoil) following use of pawpaw seed powder (PSP), moringa seed powder (MSP) and their combin ation (PSP + MSP) as
organic stimulants in cowpea cultivation. The stimulants were tested at different applic ation rates (100, 150, 200 and 250 g m -2),
with the control (No stimulant) for their effectiveness in reducing T PHsoil and accelerating the removal rate (R) of PH from soil. The T
PHsoil did not differ signifi cantly (p < 0.05) among the treatments in year 1, but was highest in the control (11, 600 mg kg -1) and least
in 200 g m -2 PSP (7400.0 mg kg -1). In year 2, mean TPHsoil varied significantly (p < 0.05) and remained highest in control (7100 mg
kg-1) but lowest in 150 g m -2 PSP (2700 mg kg -1). Application of 150 g m -2 PSP gave the highest R (78.2%) , followed by 150 g m -2 PS
P+MSP (77.4%), and least by the control (42.7%) over two years of study. The average fresh pod yield of cowpea over two years was
highest in 250 g m-2 PSP (2416.67 kg ha -1), followed by 150 g m -2 PSP (2173.34 kg ha -1) and least in control (1302.22 kg ha -1). There
was significant neg. association between TPHsoil and fresh pod yield (r = - 0.403; p < 0.01). However, application of 150 g m -2 PSP
appeared most effective for enhanced phytoremediation of crude oil polluted soil and improv ement of cowpea yield.
Keywords: organic stimulant phytoremediation crude oil polluted soil Vigna yield; Cowpea pod yield; Crude oil pollution; Pawpaw
seed powder; Total petroleum hydrocarbon

98
Utilization of different parts of Moringa oleifera Lam. seeds as biosorbents to remove Acid Blue 9
synthetic dye
By: dos Santos Escobar, Otavio; Ferraz de Azevedo, Cristiane; Swarowsky, Alexandre; Adebayo, Matthew Ayorinde; Schadeck Netto,
Matias; Machado Machado, Fernando
In this work , Moringa oleifera seed husk (MOSH) and Moringa oleifera seed pulp (MOSP) were converted via a green route into
efficient biosorbents for biosorption of Acid Blue 9 (A B9) synthetic dye from the wastewater. The textural proper ties, morphologies,
and structures of both biosorbents were analyzed using Fourier I R spectroscopy (FTIR), N2 adsorption/desorption isotherms, pH of
point-zero-charge (pHPZC), and scanning electron microscope (S EM). The characterization results showed that the biosorbents have
heterogeneous surfaces with a diversity of functional groups. The exptl. data of biosor ption kinetics were best described by the
nonlinear Avrami fractional. The isothermal empirical data were supported by the nonlinear Liu equation, and the maximum biosor
ption capacities of MOSH and MOSP at 55°C for A B9 synthetic dye are 329.5 mg g- 1 and 694.2 mg g- 1, resp. The evaluation of
thermodn. parameters showed that the biosorption processes of both biosorbents were spontaneous, endothermic, and occurred
by physisorption. The availability, low-cost, high adsorption capacity, and fast adsorption kinetics of M OSH and MOSP make them
alternative, promising, and attractive green biosor bents for removal A B9 synthetic dye from aqueous solutions
Keywords: Acid Blue seed Moringa bioadsorptive wastewater treatment
99
Therapeutic potential of Moringa oleifera seed polysaccharide embedded silver nanoparticles in

wound healing
By: Mehwish, Hafiza Mahreen; Liu, Ge; Rajoka, Muhammad Shahid Riaz; Cai, Huiming; Zhong, Jianfeng; Song, Xun; Xia, Lixin; Wang,
Mingzhong; Aadil, Rana Muhammad; Inam-Ur-Raheem, Muhammad; et al
International Journal of Biological Macromolecules (2021), 184, 144-158 | Language: English, Database: CAplus and MEDLINE
Wound healing is a complicated process that influences patient′s life quality. Plant- based polysaccharide has recently gained
interest in its use in wound dressing materials because of its biol. compatibility, natural abundance, and ideal physio chem. proper
ties. The present study reveals the potential of polysac charide isolated from Moringa oleifera seed (MOS-PS) and its nanocom
posite with silver (MOS-PS-AgNPs) as alternative materials for wound dressing. First, M OS-PS was isolated and structurally charact
erized by TLC, HPLC, FTIR, NMR, and GPC analyses. A green and simple method was used to synthesize Ag NPs using MOS-PS as a
stabilizing and reducing agent. The size, morphol., and structure of the M OS-PS-AgNPs were characterized by UV-Vis spectroscopy,
X-ray diffraction, SEM, transmission electron microscopy, and zeta potential anal. The results showed that the M OS-PS-AgNPs were
spherically shaped, having no cytotoxicity toward mouse fibrob lasts cells and promoting their invitro migration. Moreover, the M O
S-PS-AgNPs displayed strong anti-microbial activity against wound infectious pathogenic bacteria. Finally, the M OS-PS-AgNPs were
used for dressing animal wounds and its preliminary mechanism was studied by R T-PCR and histol. anal. The results showed that
the MOS-PS-AgNPs can promote wound contraction and internal tissue growth well. Overall, our results indicated that the M OS-PS-
AgNPs might be an excellent candidate for use as an optimal wound dressing material.
Keywords: silver nanoparticle Moringa oleifera seed polysaccharide wound healing dressing; Antimic robial activity; Moringa
oleifera seed ; Polysaccharide; Silver nanoparticle; Wound healing

100
Aerobic Exercise Decreases Negative Affect by Modulating Orbitofrontal-Amygdala Connectivity in

Adolescents.
By: Ge, Li-Kun ; Hu, Zhuoer; Wang, Weiwen; Siu, Parco M; Wei, Gao-Xia
Life (Basel, Switzerland) (2021), 11(6), | Language: English, Database: MEDLINE
Long-term negative affect in adoles cence is associated with impairment in quality of life, interpe rsonal function, and social adapta
tion. Although physical exercise could decrease negative emotion, the underlying mechanism remains largely unknown. Acute
exercise with controlled intensity might be a good experi mental paradigm to unravel the potential neural mechanisms underlying
the effects of physical exercise on negative affect. In this study, twenty- three males in late adoles cence were randomly assigned to
acute exercise group (AG) or control group. The experiment contained pre- test and post-test session interleaved with 30-min
moderate-intensity exercise or seated rest. In each session, a resting- state fMRI scanning was conducted followed by completing
Positive and Negative Affect Schedule and Profile of Mood State. Bilateral amygdala was used as seed region to calculate t voxel-
wised functional connectivity (FC) of amygdala to whole brain. The results demonst rated, for the first time, that A G exhibited
increased FC between right amygdala and right orbital frontal cortex. Signifi cantly decreased negative affect was also observed in A
G. Moreover, the increased rOFC-amygdala FC was also associated with the decreased depression score. Our findings suggest that
exercise -induced decreased negative affect might be modulated by functional intera ctions of amygdala with both cognitive control
and limbic networks, which offers a meaningful insight for clinical treatment and prevention of emotional disorders in late adoles
cence.
Keywords: acute exercise ; amygdala; depression; negative affect; orbitofrontal cortex
101
Bioactive Moringa olifera seed extracts attenuates cholesterol gall stones in hyperglycaemic Swiss
mice
By: Salami, Adeola T.; Okonkwo, Chioma E.; Attah, Francis A.; Olagoke, Olawande C.
Comparative Clinical Pathology (2021), 30(2), 207-216 | Language: English, Database: CAplus
Gallstones (cholelithiasis) are thickened components of the lipid- modulating digestive fluid in the gall bladder. Commonly, choles
terol super saturation from excess choles terol or inadequate solubilizing bile salts may result in choles terol gall stone formation,
while excess bilirubin because of liver damage or blood disorders may form pigment gallstones. Cholesterol gall stone formation is
strongly correlated with diabetes mellitus and both diseases predispose patients to a high hospitalization rate. Recent studies have
examined the potential of Moringa oleifera as a functional food, highlighting the need to test different parts of the deciduous tree
for its treatment or adjuvant efficacy. In this study, we report the gall bladder cytoprotective ability of Moringa oleifera seed
extracts and the hepatoprotective potential of the seed cake in hypergl ycemic and cholesterol gall stone-induced Swiss mice. We
show that the seed cake contains 37% protein and caused a 40% increase in body weight over 5 wk, but the seed oil caused only a
15% increase in body weight over the same period, which supports the possible use of the seed oil as a functional food for weight
loss. Seed cake treatment presented the potential for glycemic control, improved hematol. and lipid profile and enhanced liver
antioxidant activity. Seed oil increased blood high d. lipopr otein content, and all seed extracts reduced hepatic sodium pump
activity. Our results highlight the need to extract the active compounds in functional foods, as against using the whole plant parts as
adjuvant therapies, and it makes a case for the antihyperglycemic and cytoprotective efficacy of Moringa oleifera seed extracts
Keywords: Moringa olifera seed extract hyperglycemic mouse choles terol gall stone

102
An approach to recent applications of Moringa oleifera in the agricultural and biofuel industries
By: Granella, Suian Jose; Bechlin, Taise Raquel; Christ, Divair; Coelho, Silvia Renata M.; Paz, Carlos Henrique de Oliveira
Studies on Moringa oleifera have traditionally been applied to medicinal uses and water treatment using its seeds and leaves;
their constituents are characterized, and the effects of these compounds against various diseases are investi gated. However, the
composition of the leaves and seeds has several other applications. Because of this, the complex matrix of compounds present in
plants can favor cost reduction and process improvement in agricultural production sectors. The effects of adding M. oleifera leaf
extracts to animal supplementation and its use as a biosti mulant in flowers and aromatic plants are discussed. The use of M.
oleifera byproducts as antioxidants for fuel is also analyzed, including a brief descri ption of the current status of crop in Brazil.
Therefore, we concluded that a better perception of the potential use of M. oleifera is necessary, considering its local effects, as in
the Brazilian semiarid.
Keywords: Moringa agricultural biofuel industry Brazil
103
Biodegradable films functionalized with Moringa oleifera applied in food packaging
By: Verdi, Adriana Gomes; de Souza, Alana Gabrieli ; Rocha, Daniel Belchior ; de Oliveira, Sueli Aparecida; Alves, Rosa Maria
Vercelino; dos Santos Rosa, Derval
Iranian Polymer Journal (2021), 30(3), 235-246 | Language: English, Database: CAplus
Biodegradable polymers are a suitable alternative for replacing traditional food packaging with environ mental concerns. Poly
(butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) (PBAT) is a synthetic biodegr adable polymer with high flexib ility and a high potential for
functionalization, aiming at bactericidal, antimicrobial, or antifungal proper ties. In this work , the casting method was used to
prepare PBAT films containing Moringa oleifera (MO) seed powder. The M O was added in different contents of 0, 1, 3, 5, and 10%
(wt) to functionalize the film properties and its efficiency as strawberry packaging. The P BAT films containing 1% (wt) of M O were
the most suitable for packaging applications, considering the mech. properties and thermal proper ties. MO did not present signif
icant interactions with the PBAT matrix and reduced the P BAT crystallinity, leading to a decrease in gas and water vapor permeabi
lities. The PBAT-1% MO films showed good performance as biodegradable packaging for strawberry storage, prolonging their
storage time and reducing their vulnerability to fungal attack. Besides, the M O decreased the fungal contami nation of strawberries
when compared to those stored in neat PBAT. The developed films performance suggests that the PBAT/MO films have good
potential to be used as active food packaging.
Keywords: Moringa strawberry seed powder PBAT film biodegradability food packaging

104
Effectiveness of phytase pre-treatment on growth performance, nutrient digestibility and mineral

status of common carp (Cyprinus carpio) juveniles fed Moringa by-product based diet
By: Shahzad, M. M.; Bashir, S.; Hussain, S. M.; Javid, A.; Hussain, M.; Ahmed, N.; Khan, M. K. A.; Furqan, M.; Liaqat, I.; Rafique, T.; et al
Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences (2021), 28(3), 1944-1953 | Language: English, Database: CAplus and MEDLINE
Several anti-nutritional substances are found in plant derivatives for example phytate, that make the nutrients and minerals unavai
lable to fish, hence leading to poor growth perfor mance. Presence of the anti- nutrient factor such as phytate is a chelated
compound and need enzyme for its breakdown and availability of nutrients to improve fish growth. This research work was
performed to check the improvement of overall performance of Cyprinus carpio finger lings by the help of phytase addition in
Moringa oleifera byproducts based diet. Combin ation of Moringa seed meal and Moringa leaf meal was utilized as test
ingredient to formulate seven test feeds, containing graded levels of phytase (0, 500, 650, 800, 950, 1100 and 1250 FTU kg-1). In
feeding trial of 70 days, fingerlings were given feed two times in a day at the rate of 4% of wet weight of their bodies and faeces
were collected. According to current results, it was found that growth performance parameters i.e. weight gain; 25 g, specific growth
rate; 1.67 and feed conversion ratio; 1.10 were improved to maximum at 950 FTU kg-1. Digestibility of nutrients (crude protein; 73%,
crude fat; 71% and gross energy; 67%) and minerals absorption was also maximum (Ca; 70%, Zn; 66%, K; 74%, Mn; 66% and P; 71%)
at 950 FTU kg-1. Lowest growth efficiency, nutrient digesti bility and mineral absorption were observed in finger lings fed at control
diet (0 FTU kg-1). Results of the current study, proved that 950 F TU kg-1 is the most optimum level of phytase to formulate
economical and ecofriendly feed for improved growth of C. carpio finger lings as it decreases the discharge of minerals and
nutrients in water bodies.
Keywords: Cyprinus phytase calcium potassium nutrient digestibility diet economics; Absorp tion; Cyprinus carpio; Digestibility;
Moringa oleifera ; Performance; Phytase

105
Association Between Greater Cerebellar Network Connectivity and Improved Phonemic Fluency
Performance After Exercise Training in Older Adults.
By: Won, Junyeon ; Faroqi-Shah, Yasmeen; Callow, Daniel D; Williams, Allison; Awoyemi, Adewale; Nielson, Kristy A; Smith, J
Carson
Cerebellum (London, England) (2021), 20(4), 542-555 | Language: English, Database: MEDLINE
Little is known about the effects of exercise training (ET) on lexical characteristics during fluency task and its associ ation with
cerebellum functional connectivity. The purposes of this study were (1) to invest igate whether ET alters response patterns during
phonemic and semantic fluency tasks and (2) to assess the association between ET-related changes in cerebellum functional connec
tivity (FC) and lexical characteristics during fluency tasks. Thirty- five older adults (78.0 ± 7. 1 years; 17 mild cognitive impairment (M C
I) and 18 healthy cognition (HC)) underwent a 12- week treadmill ET. Before and after E T, cardiorespiratory fitness tests, phonemic
and semantic fluency tests, and resting-state fMRI scans were administered. We utilized a seed -based correlation analysis to
measure cerebellum FC and linear regression to assess the associ ation of residualized ET-induced Δcerebellum FC with Δtask perfor
mance. Improved mean switches and frequency during the phonemic fluency task were observed following E T in all partici pants.
There were significant associations between E T-induced increases in cerebellum FC and greater phonemic fluency task log
frequency, increases in mean switches, and a reduction in the number of syllables in HC. Lastly, there was a signif icant interaction
between group and cerebellar connectivity on phonemic fluency mean log frequency and number of syllables. A 12- week walking E
T is related to enhanced phonemic fluency lexical characte ristics in older adults with M CI and HC. The association between ET-
induced increases in cerebellum FC and enhanced response patterns after E T suggests that the cerebellum may play an important
role in ET-related improvement in phonemic fluency performance in cognitively healthy older adults.
Keywords: Aging; Cerebellum; Exercise training ; Functional connect ivity; MCI; Phonemic fluency

106
Influence of Milk Thistle ( Silybum marianum) Seed Cakes on Biochemical Values of Equine Plasma
Subjected to Physical Exertion.
By: Dockalova, Hana; Zeman, Ladislav; Horky, Pavel

Animals : an open access journal from MDPI (2021), 11(1), | Language: English, Database: MEDLINE
Veterinarians can recommend milk thistle for the treatment of equine liver disease and laminitis. Milk thistle seed cakes were fed
in the range of normal feed doses in this study. The milk thistle seed cakes were fed (twice a day) to the experi mental group of the
horses (n = 5) and bioche mical blood markers (T P, Albumin, ALT (alanine transaminase), AST (aspartate transaminase), ALP (alkaline
phosphatase), GGT (gamma-glutamyltransferase), Bilirubin, Cholesterol, HDL (high-density lipoprotein), LDL (low-density lipoprotein)
, TAG (triacylglycerol), BHB (beta-hydroxybutyric acid), NEFA (non-esterified fatty acids), creatine kinase, creatinine, Urea, GSH-Px
(glutathione peroxidase), TAS (total antiox idant status), lactate, glucose, cortisol, Ca, Pi) were monitored. The control group of horses
(n = 5), bred and trained in the same conditions, was used for compar ison. The control group received the entire feed dose as
accepted by the horses in the experimental group before the beginning of the experi ment. The aim was to find out whether the
preparation of milk thistle seed cakes could have positive effects on the health of the horses. All ten horses received one feeding
form before the beginning of the experimental monitoring. All horses were exposed to heavy physical exercise (regular combined
driving training ) after 56 days of milk thistle seed cakes feeding (up to 400 g/day). Three blood samples were taken (before
physical exercise ; about 15 min and 60 min after physical exercise ). Significant differences ( p < 0.05) were detected in the values of
AST, NEFA, cortisol and Pi in the experi mental group. The exercise effect was detected in the values of albumin, lactate, cortisol, N E
FA, and calcium. Our results suggest that the feeding of milk thistle seed cakes could have a positive effect on the health of the
horses.
Keywords: biochemical parameters; horse nutrition; physical exercise ; phytogenics; silymarin
107
Modified Moringa oleifera Lam. Seed husks as low-cost biosorbent for atrazine removal
By: Cusioli, Luis Fernando; Bezerra, Charleston de Oliveira; Quesada, Heloise Beatriz; Alves Baptista, Aline Takaoka; Nishi, Leticia;
Vieira, Marcelo Fernandes; Bergamasco, Rosangela
Atrazine is an herbicide which is widely applied in sugarcane and corn crops. Its frequent use has resulted in environmental
impacts, and its traces have been verified in surface and groundwater. Thus, it is necessary to remove this pollutant, and an altern
ative is the adsorption due to its universal nature, low- cost and ease of operation. Therefore, the objective of the present work was
to study the adsorption capacity of atrazine by modified Moringa oleifera Lam. seed husks, a low-cost adsorbent. The biosorbent
was subjected to c hemical and thermal treatment and was characterised by structural, morphol. and textural anal., which showed
porous and heterogeneous characteristics, with a sp. surface area of 5.77 m 2 g -1. The kinetic study demonstrated equilibrium at
1200 min, with an adsorption capacity of 1.90 mg g-1 and the best fit was for the pseudo- second-order model. The isotherms were
obtained at 298, 308 and 318 K. The Freundlich, Temkin and Langmuir models were applied to the exptl. data, the latter being the
best. The values of the thermodn. parameters indicated that the biosorption was spontaneous, endothermic and reversible. The
highest adsorption capacity obtained was 10.32 mg g-1, which was higher than several values found in the litera ture. The
biosorbent was regenerated over three cycles, indicating its potential of atrazine removal from surface water.
Keywords: atrazine Moringa seed husk biosorption water treatment; Atrazine; Moringa oleifera Lam; agroindustrial residue;
biosorption; water pollution

108
Moringa oleifera is a prominent source of nutrients with potential health benefits
By: Islam, Zahidul ; Islam, S. M. Rashadul; Hossen, Faruk ; Mahtab-ul-Islam, Kazi ; Hasan, Rakibul Md. ; Karim, Rezaul
International Journal of Food Science (2021), 6627265 | Language: English, Database: CAplus and MEDLINE
A review. Nowadays, the socioeconomic status has been changed a lot, so people are now more concerned about their life style and
health. They have knowledge about the detrimental effects of synthetic products. That is why they are interested in natural
products. Utilization of natural products of plant origin having fewer side effects has gained popularity over the years. There is
immense scope for natural products that can intimate health benefits beyond traditional nutrients. Moringa oleifera is one such
tree having tremendous nutritional and medicinal benefits. It is rich in macro- and micronu trients and other bioactive compounds
which are important for normal functioning of the body and prevention of certain diseases. Leaves, flowers, seeds , and almost all
parts of this tree are edible and have immense therapeutic properties including antidia betic, anticancer, antiulcer, antimicrobial,
and antioxidant. Most of the recent studies suggested that Moringa should be used as a functional ingredient in food. The aim of
this review is to focus the use of Moringa oleifera as a potential ingredient in food products.
Keywords: review Moringa antidiabetic anticancer antiulcer health micro macro nutrient
109
Comparison of heavy metals removal from aqueous solution by Moringa oleifera leaves and seeds
By: Abatal, Mohamed ; Olguin, M. T. ; Anastopoulos, Ioannis ; Giannakoudakis, Dimitrios A. ; Lima, Eder Claudio ;
Vargas, Joel ; Aguilar, Claudia
Coatings (2021), 11(5), 508 | Language: English, Database: CAplus
In this work , biomass obtained from seeds (S-MO) and leaves (L- MO) of the Moringa oleifera plant were used as low-cost biosor
bents to remove the Pb(II), Cd(II), Co(II), and Ni(II) from aqueous solutions The biosorption of the heavy metal ions was done using
the batch technique. The effects of contact time (30-1440 min), biosorbent dosage (10-50 g/L) (0.1-0.5 g), and initial concentration of
metals (10-500 mg/L) on the sorption capacity of metal ions were investi gated. The S-MO and L-MO samples′ characterization was
performed using pHpzc, X-ray Diffraction (XRD), and Fourier Transform IR Spectroscopy (FTIR). It was found that the p Hpzc was
notably different between the seeds and leave-derived biosorbents. The removal process′s exptl. kinetic data for both S- MO and L-
MO were best described by the pseudo- second-order model for all metal ions, with R2 above 0.997 in all cases. Langmuir and
Freundlich′s models were also used to analyze the isotherms parame ters. Based on the Langmuir model, the maximum sorption
capacities (Qm) for L-MO were found as follows: L- MO-Pb > L-MO-Cd > L-MO-Co ≥ L-MO-Ni, and for S- MO, the values of Qm values
presented the following order: S-MO-Pb > S-MO-Co > S-MO-Cd > S-MO-Ni.
Keywords: heavy metals removal aqueous solution moringa oleifera leave seed

110
An Evaluation of the Equilibrium Properties in Hexane and Ethanol Extractive Systems for Moringa
oleifera Seeds and Fatty Acid Profiles of the Extracts
By: Arguelles-Pena, Karina; Olguin-Rojas, Jose Arturo; Acosta-Osorio, Andres Antonio; Carrera, Ceferino ; Barbero, Gerardo F. ;
Garcia-Alvarado, Miguel Angel; Rodriguez-Jimenes, Guadalupe del Carmen
Separations (2021), 8(11), 217 | Language: English, Database: CAplus
Until the present, oilseed extractions have been mainly performed using hexane: a toxic, non- sustainable solvent. Extraction
methods using ethanol have recently been proposed and, to evaluate the suitab ility of ethanol as an alternative solvent, Moringa
seeds with an oil content as high as 40% have been chosen to determine the equili brium properties in solid-liquid ethanol extrac
tions The equilibrium constant (Keq) and the specific retained solution (M) of the extractive systems seeds -oil-hexane and seeds -
oil-ethanol were determined and validated, following a counter- current multi-stage extraction model. The extractions were carried
out at 40 and 50°C, the mass to solvent ratios used were 1:5, 1:10 and 1:20, and shelled and unshelled seeds (kernels) were tested.
The Keq and M of the different kinetics revealed that Keq was not infinite in the hexane systems, whereas the ethanol systems
registered slightly lower values. Regarding M, although the seed powder allowed more rapid extrac tions, particle size was
increased to reduce M for an easier phase preparation Finally, a counter-current multi-stage extraction system was simulated and
applied under suitable conditions. The fatty acid profiles for both types of extract were similar regarding their main compon ents.
Keywords: Moringa oleifera seed ethanol extractive system
111
Seed quality and vigor of germination of Moringa oleifera Lam. in saline stress
By: Nobrega, Jackson Silva; Lopes, Kilson Pinheiro ; Gomes, Camile Dutra Lourenco ; Mercia de Sa, Jolinda; Honorato de
Oliveira, Odair; da Silva Paiva, Francisco Jean
Brazilian Archives of Biology and Technology (2021), 64, e21210106 | Language: English, Database: CAplus
Moringa oleifera Lam., is a tree species that has several purposes of use, standing out in the recovery of degraded areas and the
use of seeds as biodsorbents in water clarification. However, ony a little is known about the behavior of seed germination under
saline conditions, common in soils and water in the Brazilian Northeast. Thus, the objective was to evaluate the increment of water
during the soaking and seed germination of M. oleifera that were submitted to different elec. conduc tivity of the irrigation water.
The work was developed following a completely randomized design, with stress simulation employing saline solutions at the
concentrations of 0.0; 3.0; 6.0 and 9.0 d S m-1. To determine the soaking curve, the water increment of the soaked seeds in the
different saline solutions was monitored at regular intervals with four replications per treatment. To characterize the physiol.
quality of the seeds , the percentage, first count, speed index, average time and average germin ation speed were evaluated. The M.
oleifera is tolerant to the effect of salinity during the germin ation phase, however seed vigor is reduced as a function of increased
salinity. Soaking the seeds makes begin the phase II of the germination process around 10 h and extends for up to 50 h, when
phase III begins, they absorb approx. 0.2 g of water and require 86 h for germin ation. Salinity reduces the absorption and increase
of water in the seeds .
Keywords: Moringa salinity root seed germination elec conductivity

112
Novel UPLC-MS/MS method for standardization of niazimicin content in edible seeds and leaves of
Moringa oleifera Lam.
By: Abdelsayed, Eman Mohamed; Motaal, Amira Abdel; Hanafi, Rasha Sayed
Journal of Food and Drug Analysis (2021), 29(1), 128-143 | Language: English, Database: CAplus and MEDLINE
Moringa oleifera (MO) is a highly nutritious plant, whose leaves and seed pods are consumed in Africa, Asia, sub-Himalayan
regions and South America. A novel ultra-high performance liquid chromatog. tandem mass spectr ometry (UPLC-MS/MS) method
for the standardization of the bioactive thiocarbamate compound from M O, niazimicin (NZ) in seeds and leaves, is developed,
optimized and validated according to the International Conference on Harmonization (ICH) guidelines, using desipramine as the
internal standard Multiple reaction monitoring detection of transitions 358.05>106.86 and 266.38 > 193.04 with collision energy
of 25V and 40V, resp. were used. A gradient was optimized at 35- 55%B in 7 min, where mobile phase A is aqueous 0.1% formic acid
and B is 0.1% formic acid in acetonitrile. The method proved to be linear in the range of 0.05- 100μg/mL, precise, robust and
accurate, with LOD and LOQ of 0.02 and 0.05μg/m L, resp. M O seeds were found to contain double N Z content (620 mg% ±3.2%)
compared to leaves, and the methylene chloride fraction of seeds comprised triple theamount in Et acetate fraction (450mg%
±2.4%). Results emphasize that seeds of MO are a much richer source for N Z than the most commonly edible and marketed leaves
extracts The reported method can be used for standardization and quality control of the seeds and leaves N Z content.
Keywords: Moringa edible seed leaf niazimicin UPLC MS standardization
113
Effects of Moringa oleifera seed extract on PbNP-Toxicity induced in rats
By: Al-Obaidi, Fiham Jassim; Ramizy, Asmiet; Thaker, Abid A.

Journal of Physics: Conference Series (2021), 1879, 022001 | Language: English, Database: CAplus
This work was conducted to study the protective role of Moringa oliefera seeds extract (MSE) against the toxic effect of com. lead
nanoparticles (CPbNP) in rats. Twenty eight albino male rats were divided into four groups (seven animals in each one) as follow: (A)
control group, (B) 160mg/kg body weight per day (b. weight/d.) of M. oliefera (MSE) seed extract, (C): 5mg C PbNP /kg b. weight/d.
and (D): MSE + CPbNP. The exptl. period was 45 days. Blood was drawn for protein and enzyme estimation at the end of the period
of exposure. The rats were dissected and the liver, kidney, spleen and muscle were isolated for Pb estimation Results showed that
the levels of bioaccumulated lead, serum alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, alk. phosphatase, malondia
ldehyde were significantly increased in exposed animals to C PbNP (P < 0 .05) . In contrast, there was a signif icant reduction of total
proteins, albumin, glutathione, superoxide dismutase enzyme and catalase enzyme activities (P < 0. 05) in comparison to control.
But the administration of the CPbNP with MSE, all the above biochem. changes were improved signifi cantly. It is concluded that CPb
NP has a significant toxic effect on rats, and that seed extract of M. Oleifera can reduce it.
Keywords: lead nanoparticle Moringa seed extract nanotoxicity

114
Studies on sensory evaluation and chemical composition of Moringa seed oil biscuits
By: Musale, S. V.; Chavan, U. D.; Kharwade, S. B.; Kotecha, P. M.

Pharma Innovation (2021), 10(9), 48-52 | Language: English, Database: CAplus
In present investigation, an attempt was made to utilize Moringa seed oil into baked products such as biscuits at various levels i.e.
0, 20, 40, 60, 80 and 100% by gradually replacing normal shortening. The effect of different level of incorpo ration of Moringa seed
oil on sensory characteristics of biscuits was judged by the semi trained panellist on 9 point hedonic scale. The differ ences for the
sensory characteristics like color and appear ance, texture, flavor, taste and overall accepta bility were statistically significant among
all the treatments. The biscuits samples prepared with treatment T2 (40% M SO) were statistically superior for overall accepta bility
parameter over all other treatments to the proportion of same wheat varieties. Nutritional composition of biscuits showed that
with increase in MSO level in biscuits do not affects on chem. compos ition of biscuits significantly. There were nonsignificant
changes in moisture, protein, crude fiber and ash content was observed but significantly changes in fat and carbohy drate. The
slight non-significant change in calcium, phosphorus, iron and zinc was observed for treatment but signif icant among wheat
varieties.
Keywords: Moringa seed oil biscuit sensory chem compos ition
115
Micro-vesicles of Moringa oleifera seeds in heterozygous rats for DAT gene: effects of oral intake on
behavioral profile and hematological parameters
By: Buccheri, Clelia; Festucci, Fabiana; Potesta, Marina; Roglia, Valentina; Bernardini, Roberta ; Minutolo, Antonella ;
Montesano, Carla; Adriani, Walter
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health (2021), 18(5), 2322 | Language: English, Database: CAplus and
MEDLINE
Previous studies have shown multiple biol. properties of Moringa oleifera , a plant native to Africa and Asia. In the present study,
potential physiol. properties of microvesicles extracted from Moringa oleifera seeds were assessed. For this purpose, we invest
igated behavioral profile and hematol. parameters in a recent rat model characterized by dysregulation in dopamine transporter, a
key regulator of dopaminergic system. Exptl. design consisted of male Wistar- D AT rats aged between two and four months: wild-
type (WT) (n = 5) and hetero zygous (DATHET) (n = 4) control groups, which drank tap water; W T (n = 5) and D ATHET (n = 6) groups
which drank a solution of Moringa microvesicles and water (2: 68 m L per day), which was orally administered for two months. Rats
were monitored for spontaneous locomotor activity on a 24/7 basis. In the early lit hours, treated D ATHET subjects showed higher
locomotor activity, proposing a sleep-delay effect of Moringa . In forced swimming test, W T subjects who took Moringa exhibited
more depressive behavior. In DATHET rats, Moringa seemed to potentiate the struggle to find a way out, counter acting an initial
panic. Hb and hematocrit underwent opposite changes in either genotype, supporting the opposite effects on behavioral
phenotype observed Future work is clearly needed to further explore these prelim inary profiles.
Keywords: Moringa oleifera seed microvesicle DAT gene hematol parameter; Forced Swimming test; Moringa oleifera ; behavioral
profile; cross-kingdom; dopamine transporter (DAT); miRNA; spontaneous locomotor activity

116
Modeling of copper adsorption by Moringa oleifera seed powders
By: Yehe, Mariette Desiree; Odoh, Edwige; Allou, Blaise N'guadi; Atheba, Patrick Grah; Dadje, Joel Cyriaque; Gbassi, Gildas Komenan
Open Journal of Physical Chemistry (2021), 11(4), 197-219 | Language: English, Database: CAplus
In this work , an inexpensive and environm entally friendly natural adsorbent obtained from shelled (G D) and unshelled (GND)
Moringa oleifera seeds was used for copper adsorption from aqueous solutions A series of experi ments were performed to assess
the parameters influencing the adsorption phenomenon such as p H, adsorbent mass, adsorption equili brium time and temper
ature The kinetic results of adsorption described a pseudo- second order model. The adsorption isotherms are satisfactorily
described by the Langmuir math. model. The thermodn. data revealed a spontaneous and endothermic adsorption phenomenon.
The level of copper in surface water before and after addition of moringa powders was carried out to verify the effecti veness of the
adsorbent. A maximum adsorption rate of 51.28% and 61.96% was obtained with GD and GND powders resp. Moringa oleifera
seed powders are an effective alternative for the removal of copper from surface water.
Keywords: copper adsorption Moringa oleifera seed powder surface water
117
Effect of pinching and nutrient spray on seed yield and quality of annual moringa cv. PKM 1
By: Geetharani, P.; Janavi, G. J.

International Journal of Chemical Studies (2021), 9(2), 1133-1135 | Language: English, Database: CAplus
An investigation was carried out to study the effect of pinching and foliar spray of nutrients on seed yield and quality of annual
moringa (Moringa oleifera Lam) cv. PKM 1 at Horticu ltural College and Research Institute, Periya kulam. Treatments consisted of
pinching at 30 and 60 cm height and foliar spray of potassium nitrate (0.5%) and boric acid 0.2% were given at 100 days after
planting for both first crop and ratoon crop. Results revealed that days to 50% flowering (153.7 and 150.2), number of pods /
panicle (1.09 and 1.07), pod set percentage (2.18 and 2.19), number of pods / tree (112 and 132.1) and seed yield / tree (525.4 and
542.4g) were found to be higher in pinching at 60 cm height from ground level and with foliar spray of 0.2% boric acid, followed by
pinching at 60 cm height with a foliar spray of 0.5% potassium nitrate in both first and ratoon crop.
Keywords: pinching nutrient foliar spray seed yield quality Moringa oleifera

118
Plant-based coagulants for water treatment
By: Shabaa, Ghusoon J.; Al-Jboory, Wael S. H.; Sabre, Hala M.; Alazmi, Abdulaziz; Kareem, Mohanad M.; AlKhayyat, Ahmed
IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering (2021), 1058, 012001 | Language: English, Database: CAplus
The use of coagulants that are derived from natural material has significantly increased over the last decades due to the safety and
cost-effectiveness use of such coagul ants. Therefore, the current study aims to use a plant- based coagulant namely Moringa
Oleifera seeds to remove the water turbidity. During the exptl. work , samples of water of 250 nephelometric turbidity units (NTU)
were mixed with various amounts of Moringa Oleifera seeds in the laboratory at room temper ature (20 ± 1°C) for 90 min. Every 10
min, 5.0 mL samples were collected using a plastic container and filtered to be checked using a spectroph otometer for the removal
of turbidity. Besides, the impact of mixing time, dose of Moringa Oleifera , and pH on the removal of the turbidity was investigated.
The outcome showed that the turbidity of the treated water decreases with the increase in the dosage of Moringa Oleifera and the
mixing time. However, it was noticed that the removal efficiency of the turbidity decreases when the pH value is more than 7. The
removal of the water turbidity of 92% was achieved using 8 g/l of Moringa Oleifera for 80 min.
Keywords: plant based coagulant water treatment
119
Functional characterization of a potent antimicrobial and insecticidal chitin binding protein from
seeds of Iberis umbellata L
By: Saeed, Ahsan; Rafiq, Zahra; Saeed, Qamar; Khaliq, Binish; Ullah, Anwar; Mehmood, Sohaib; Ali, Zahid; Ashraf, Muhammad Yasin;
Akrem, Ahmed
Pakistan Journal of Botany (2021), 53(4), 1515-1523 | Language: English, Database: CAplus
Chitin-binding proteins belong to the 2S albumin family and are helped in the plant defense, especially against fungal pathogens. A
chitin-binding protein, Iu-CBP, has been identified and charact erized from Iberis umbellata seeds . The purified form of this protein
showed approx. an 11 kDa band under non-reduced condition on SDS-PAGE. LC-MS/MS provided a single fragment of amino acid
sequence of 23 residues (QAVQSAQQQQGQVGPQQVGHMYR). UniProtKB database showed 100% sequence similarity with Moringa
oleifera chitin-binding protein (Mo- CBP3-1) which classically contained two proteoly tically matured α-helical chains linked by
disulfide bonds along surfaced Arginines responsible for antimicrobial activity. Iu-CBP showed antimicrobial activity against
bacterial pathogens i.e Bacillus subtilis, Xanthomonas oryzae, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Pseudo monas
aeruginosa at concentrations of 5.0 and 10.0μg per disk. Similarly, a 20μg/disk dose of Iu- CBP inhibited the mycelial growth of
Aspergillus flavus. At a concent ration of 3.0 mg/m L, Iu-CBP had a significant reduction in progeny population of Sitophilus oryzae
and Tribolium castaneum. Chitin-binding proteins have historically been studied as a source of carbon and nitrogen in plants; more
recently , their thermostability, antimicrobial and insecticidal properties, along with their water steril izing qualities have attracted
the interest of the scientific community.
Keywords: Iberis Bacillus Xanthomonas Tribolium antimic robial insecticidal chitin binding protein

120
Morphological and chemical characterizes responses of Moringa oleifera yield to localized irrigation
systems, water restriction and fertilizers
By: El-Boraie, F. M.; El Shafay, R. M. M.; Elhagarey, M. E.

International Journal of Advanced Research (2021), 9(2), 509-523 | Language: English, Database: CAplus
This investigation of both of irrigation system, water restri ction and soil conditioners on Morengaoleifera, (surface drip irrigation, D,
buried drip, BD and mini-sprinkler, MS), as well for irrigating a magic crop like Morenga (Morengao leifera) plants. Also, this work
includes different irrigation water restriction which represent two three treatments (100, 80 and 60% of calculated applied water,
W1, W2 and W3 respectivly), more over threes soil condit ioners (Compost, C, Farm manure, F M, Mud, M). The experiment was
carried out in Shalatien where it lies in the east-west of the Red sea in Egypt. Surface evapor ation in this area has a paramount
importance because of its aridity hot climate under the circumstances of saline irrigation water usage. The objective of the present
work is to study the influences of irrigation system, water restri ctions and soil condit ioners onmorphol. and chem. charact erizes of
Moringa , for that, the following measur ements are taken; Trunk Diameter, Pods Tree Quantity, Seeds Yields (g) per tree, Weight
per 1000 seeds (g), oil yields per tree (g), oil Yields per/ Acer (kg), chlorophyll A- B, total chlorophyll, carotenoids, tal carbohydrates,
vitamin C, Nitrogen, Calcium, Fe and zinc content of Moringaoleifera plants in addition to Water use effici ency, cost anal., energy
anal. in two studied seasons, (2017-2018/2018-2019). Show that the most pos. influence of irrigation is buried irriga tion, drip
irrigation and minisprinkler resp., due to the saved water from losses by evapor ation under drought conditions. And the most pos.
influence of water restrictions treatments is 100, 80 and 60% resp., but the in many measur ements the differences between both of
100 and 80% of applied water is not significant, so it's more economical to approve 80% of applied water under buried drip irriga
tion, which means about 20% of applied water can be save.
Keywords: Moringa yield morphol irrigation system water restriction fertilizer
121
Drumstick activated charcoal tablets: Potential biosorbent material and its application to remove
heavy metals via MATLAB assisted paper based sensor
By: Sharma, Ruchi Dubey; Chouksey, Palak; Ghosh, Suparna; Sharma, Shweta; Anita, K.; Singh, Anita
Wastewater containing heavy metal ions is considered as the serious environmental problem in human society. Based on this
phenomenon of adsorption by Moringa species, we are trying to remove heavy metals from aqueous sample. The bio sorption of
heavy metals by non-living biomass of plant origin is an innovative and altern ative technol. for the removal of the pollutants from
aqueous solution and offers several advantages such as low-cost bio sorbents, high effici ency, minimization of chem. and/or biol.
sludge, and regeneration of the bio sorbent. Moringa oleifera ( drumsticks ) has a number of advantages including low cost, biodegr
adable sludge production and lower sludge volume, and also it does not affect the p H of the water. Apart from turbidity removal,
Moringa oleifera seeds also possess antimicrobial properties. Amount of adsorption is considerably larger when activated
charcoal is used. Thus, this work reports preparation of activated charcoal from drumsticks seeds and fibers. These are generally
part of kitchen waste; thus, its preparation and utilization for heavy metal toxicity not only controls water pollution but also help in
reduction of kitchen waste. It will serve as an effective, cheap and robust and green tool for toxicity control. The paper reports the
removal of heavy metal (Pb, Ni, Cd, As in this study) by application of prepared activated charcoal tablets via M ATLAB assisted paper
based sensors. These tablets will surely serve as point-of- care devices for removal of heavy metal toxicity.
Keywords: drumstick activated charcoal tablet heavy metal remove bio sorption

122
Investigation of the false positive results of dithiocarbamate pesticides due to endogenous

nonpathogenic carbon disulfide in organically grown plants (Moringa oleifera )
By: Ma'mun, Ahmed

Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology (Wilmington, DE, United States) (2021), 9(1), 21-27 | Language: English, Database: CAplus
Moringa plant belongs to the family Moring aceae within the order Brassicales. It is a magical plant which contains 7 times the
vitamin C content of oranges,4 times the vitamin A content of carrots, 4 times the calcium content of milk, 3 times the potassium
content of bananas and 2 times the protein content of yogurt (gram to gram). The most widely distributed species is Moringa
oleifera Lam., referred as drumstick tree for the shape of its seed pods . Leaves of M. oleifera are rich in a unique glucosi nolate
named glucomoringin. Moringa were found to release CS2 when submitted to exptl. conditions of dithioca rbamate residue anal.
Gas chromatog. was used to quantitate CS2 and control samples were obtained from Moringa plantations cultivated in exptl. areas,
in which no treatment with fungicides of the dithiocarbamate group was applied. Endogenous C S2 levels were compared with
dithiocarbamate residues measured in Moringa samples from the field trials following applic ations of the macozeeb fungicide. Use
small leaves resulted in an observed decrease in CS2 concentration comparable to the large leaves. Temper ature level used has an
effect on the concentration of CS2 measured as an indicator for dithioca rbamate pesticide residue. And use of high temper ature
(100 °C) in drying of Moringa leaves after harvesting may lead to some biochem. changes that caused an observed increase in C S2
concentration comparable to drying at (50 °C) . Evidence for formation of dithioca rbamate compound from moringin in moringa
leaves are metabolized/detoxified principally by the mercapturic acid pathway. Conjugation with glutathione (GSH) promoted by
glutathione transferases gives rise to the corresp onding Glucosinolate -.Isothiocyanate conjugates. These undergo further enzymic
modifications to give rise sequentially to the cysteinylglycine cysteine - Isothio cyanate and N-acetylcysteine-Isothiocyanate conjug
ates, all of which are dithiocar bamates. The detection of an ion with a m/z value 430.40, with the following fragments m/z 165.10
and m/z 121.05 resp., among the ions analyzed by GC-MS gives a clear evidence for formation of dithioca rbamate by addition of
glutathione to the isothiocyanate formed from glucosinolate in moringa plant.
Keywords: Moringa oleifera carbon disulfide dithioca rbamate pesticide gas chromatog

123
Anti-Candida activity of the water-soluble lectin from Moringa oleifera seeds (WSMoL).
By: Santos, L M M; Silva, P M; Moura, M C; Carvalho Junior, A R; Amorim, P K; Procópio, T F; Coelho, L C B B; Silva, L C N; Paiva, P M G;
Santos, N D L; et al
Journal de mycologie medicale (2021), 31(2), 101074 | Language: English, Database: MEDLINE
This work reports the effects of the water- soluble lectin from Moringa oleifera seeds (WSMoL) on growth and survival of Candida
species. In addition, cellular alterations linked to the antifungal effect were investi gated. The minimal inhibitory (M IC) and fungicidal
(MFC) concentrations were determined and 24- h growth curves in absence and presence of lectin were establ ished. Flow cytometry
was used to evaluate the induction of apoptosis/necrosis, alterations in mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm), and occurrence
of lysosomal damage. WSMoL inhibited the growth of C. albicans, C. glabrata, C. krusei and C. parap silosis with MIC of 20μg/mL. The
lowest MFC (20μg/mL) was detected for C. glabrata and the highest (80μg/m L) for C. albicans and C. parapsi losis. The inhibitory
effect started from the ninth to nineteenth hour of incubation depending on the fungal species. Incubation with the lectin at the MI
C for 24h increased the number of cells undergoing apoptosis and necrosis. Hyperpola rization of the mitochondrial membrane was
detected after 12-h treatment, followed by reduction of ΔΨm or depolar ization after 24h. No lysosomal damage was detected in
treated cells. In conclusion, WSMoL is a fungistatic and fungicide agent against Candida with differ ential effects depending on the
species.
Keywords: Antimicrobial activity; Cell death; Lectin; Pathogenic yeast
124
Acai (Euterpe oleracea Mart.) seed extract improves aerobic exercise performance in rats
By: de Andrade Soares, Ricardo; de Oliveira, Beatriz Cardoso; de Bem, Graziele Freitas; de Menezes, Matheus Pontes; Romao,
Matheus Henrique; Santos, Izabelle Barcellos; da Costa, Cristiane Aguiar; de Carvalho, Lenize Costa dos Reis Marins; Nascimento,
Ana Lucia Rosa; de Carvalho, Jorge Jose; et al
Food Research International (2020), 136, 109549 | Language: English, Database: CAplus and MEDLINE
The purpose of this study was to examine whether the supplementation with an acai (Euterpe oleracea Mart.) seed extract (ASE)
would affect the aerobic exercise performance in rats and correlate with the vascular function, muscle oxidative stress and
mitochondrial biogenesis. Male Wistar rats were divided into five groups: Sedentary, Sedentary with chronic suppleme ntation of AS
E, Training , Training with chronic (200 mg/Kg/day intrag astric gavage for 5 wk) or acute (30 min) before the maximal treadmill
stress test (MST) supplementation with ASE. The exercise training was performed on a treadmill (30 min/day; 5 days/wk) for 4 wk.
The chronic supplementation with ASE increased the exercise time (58%) and the running distance (129%) in relation to the M ST,
while the Training group increased 40% and 78% and the Training with acute A SE group increased 30% and 63%, resp. The
training -induced increase of ACh vasodilation was not changed by A SE, but the norepinephrine-induced vasoconstriction was
reduced by chronic and acute supplementation with ASE. The increased levels of malondialdehyde in soleus muscle homogenates
from the Training group was reduced only by chronic suppleme ntation with ASE. The muscle antiox idant defense, NO2 levels, and
expression of the mitochondrial biogenesis-related proteins (PGC1α, SIRT-1, p-AMPK/AMPK, Nrf-2) were not different between
Training and Sedentary groups, but all these parameters were increased in the Training with Chronic ASE compared with the
Sedentary groups. In conclusion, chronic supplementation with ASE improves aerobic phys. perfor mance by increasing the vascular
function, reducing the oxidative stress, and up-regulating the mitochondrial biogenesis key proteins.
Keywords: aerobic exercise performance seed extract; Antioxidant; Euterpe oleracea Mart.; Exercise ; Mitochondrial biogenesis;
Physical performance; Polyphenols

125
Moringa oleifera seeds mitigate myocardial injury and prevent ventricular failure induced by
myocardial infarction.
By: Li, Yan-Jie; Ji, Qing-Qi; Wang, Zi; Shen, Ling-Hong; He, Ben
American journal of translational research (2020), 12(8), 4511-4521 | Language: English, Database: MEDLINE
Moringa oleifera (MOI), an edible plant in the family of Moring aceae, has been used as food and medicine in many Asian countries.
MOI exhibits neuroprotective, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and hypoglycemic functions. However, whether MOI seeds play a
significant role in ischemic heart diseases has not been investi gated. In this study, we found M OI seeds could improve the 28- day
survival rate and the cardiac functions of myocardial infarction (MI) mice, with significantly increased ejection fraction and fractional
shortening by day 28 post-MI. Correspondingly, the infarctional areas of heart were markedly decreased. Mechanis tically, MOI
seeds inhibited M I-induced apoptosis and repressed the degree of cardiac fibrosis. Further mechan istic studies indicated cardiopr
otective the effects of MOI seeds mainly via the suppression of oxidative and nitros ative stress. Taken together, our work
suggested a beneficial role of MOI seeds in MI-induced myocardial damage and cardiac remodeling by suppre ssing cardiomyocyte
apoptosis and reducing collagen production, highlighting a promising therapeutic strategy for M I.
Keywords: Moringa oleifera ; antioxidant; apoptosis; cardiac remodeling; myocardial infarction
126
Elucidation of the potential of Moringa oleifera leaves extract as a novel alternate to the chemical
coagulant in water treatment process
By: Pandey, Pratibha ; Khan, Fahad; Mishra, Rashmi; Singh, Sujeet Kumar
Water Environment Research (2020), 92(7), 1051-1056 | Language: English, Database: CAplus and MEDLINE
In recent years, several studies have been developed to search for sustai nable and eco-friendly natural coagulants as an altern ative
to inorganic and synthetic coagulants to obtain drinking water. Despite the performance and cost-effectiveness of these coagul ants,
they require pH and alkalinity adjustments, they generate high volumes of sludge, and their residuals in treated water (e.g.,
aluminum) are linked with neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's, as well as neurotoxic and carcin ogenic effects. Moringa
oleifera seeds had shown better coagul ation properties but have numerous limitations which have prompted us to find better
alternatives. To the best part of my knowledge, utiliz ation of its leaves extract obtained from different organic solvents in water
purification has rarely been reported. Our findings clearly revealed that M. oleifera leaves hexane extract has signifi cantly
improved the water quality parameters including pH (8.2-7.1), TDS (512-221), hardness (246-138), turbidity (15.6-6.1), fluoride (2.3-
1.1), and Escherichia coli count (315-41) whereas alum effectively improved these parameters at a dose of 50 mg/L. Moringa
oleifera showed significant removal capability in comparison to alum but slightly at higher dose, thus our results strongly
supported the efficacy of M. oleifera leaves extracts as better altern ative to chem. coagulant in water purifi cation Practitioner
Points : Chem. coagulants pose severe side effects to humans such as neurodegenerative diseases. Use of Moringa oleifera leaves
as natural coagulants in water purification is a cost-effective approach due to its easy availability throughout the year. Moringa
oleifera leaves exhibited signif icant coagulating efficiency by improving water quality parameters including p H, turbidity, total
dissolved solids, fluoride, hardness, and E. coli count.
Keywords: Moringa leaf extraction coagulant water treatment coagul ation; Moringa oleifera ; chemical coagulant; natural
coagulant; organic solvents; water treatment

127
Antimicrobial potential of Ag-doped ZnO nanostructure synthesized by the green method using
moringa oleifera extract
By: Swati; Verma, Ritesh ; Chauhan, Ankush; Shandilya, Mamta; Li, Xiangkai; Kumar, Rajesh; Kulshrestha, Saurabh
Novel properties of green synthesis have paved a new area of research amongst the scientific community. In the present study, a
systematic investigation has been carried out to synthesize highly oriented and uniform Ag- doped ZnO nanostructures using the
extract of Moringa oleifera (MO). The crystallite size was calculated to be 54.1 nm and 36.187 nm with the Scherrer method and
Williamson-Hall method, resp. F ESEM confirms the flower-like structure of the nanostr uctures and EDX anal. confirmed the
presence of Silver (Ag), Zinc (Zn), and Oxygen in the synthesized sample. Antimicrobial activities were analyzed against different
human pathogenic bacteria, (i.e., Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Pseudo monas aeruginosa, MRSA, Salmonella typhii,
Klebsiella pneumonia), yeast (Candida albicans) and plant pathogenic fungus (i.e., Fusarium spp., Sclero tinia sclerotiorum, and
Rosellinia necatrix). Nanostructures showed maximum inhibition zone against Staphyl ococcus aureus (17 mm) as compared to
other bacteria and showed 18 mm inhibition zone against C. albicans. Nanostructures showed growth inhibition of 56.8%, 34.78%
and 48.9% Rosellinia necatrix, Fusarium spp. and Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, resp. The antimic robial activity of Ag-doped ZnO was
observed to be effective. The present work gave a conceivable method to develop nanostr uctures with desirable properties to be
applied in antimicrobial activities.
Keywords: Moringa seed extract silver zinc oxide nanostr ucture antimicrobial agent
128
In vitro digestibility, structural and functional properties of Moringa oleifera seed proteins
By: Aderinola, Taiwo A.; Alashi, Adeola M.; Nwachukwu, Ifeanyi D.; Fagbemi, Tayo N.; Enujiugha, Victor N.; Aluko, Rotimi E.
Food Hydrocolloids (2020), 101, 105574 | Language: English, Database: CAplus
The aim of this work was to compare the structural and functional properties of Moringa oleifera seed albumin and globulin with
those of the isoelec. pH-precipitated protein isolate (I SO). The 0.5 M Na Cl extract of defatted Moringa flour was dialyzed against
water to give water-soluble albumin (ALB) and water-insoluble globulin (GLO). The three protein products were evaluated for in
vitro protein digestibility, functional properties and polype ptide composition while structural conformations were obtained using
surface hydrophobicity (So), intrinsic fluorescence and CD (CD). Results showed that A LB had the most exposed number of hydrop
hobic groups with So of 946.6 when compared to 7.8 for G LO and 50.4 for I SO. The GLO had the highest protein digesti bility while A
LB and GLO had least gelation concent ration of 0.8%, which is signifi cantly (p < 0.05) lower than the 2.2% for the I SO. At p H 3.0, all
the proteins showed tryptophan and tyrosine emission peaks; increases in pH led to disappearance of the tyrosine peak in some of
the samples. Gel electrophoresis under reducing conditions suggest the presence of disulfide bonds in the three protein products. C
D data indicate GLO as having more β-sheet conformation while the α-helix content varied depending on the p H. At 10, 20 and 40
mg/mL protein concentrations, foaming capacity was comparable in all the samples but the emulsi fying properties carried out at 20,
25 and 50 mg/mL showed that ISO and ALB had significantly (p < 0.05) higher emulsi fying ability than the G LO.
Keywords: Moringa seed albumin globulin protein structural functional property

129
Moringa oleifera Extracts and Praziquantel Combination: Bioavailability in Rats and Cysticidal Activity
in a Murine Model
By: Palomares-Alonso, Francisca ; Jung, Helgi ; Vidal-Cantu, Guadalupe Concepcion; Rojas-Tome, Irma Susana; Gonzalez-
Esquivel, Dinora F.; De la Cruz, Veronica Perez ; Hernandez, Iliana Gonzalez; Hernandez, Guadalupe Palencia; Perez-Severiano,
Francisca; Castro, Nelly
Revista Brasileira de Farmacognosia (2020), 30(2), 251-256 | Language: English, Database: CAplus
Praziquantel is an anthelmintic drug extensively used that shows a low oral bioavail ability. Various approaches have been used in
order to increase the plasma levels of praziquantel, including the co-administration with Cytochrome P 450 inhibi tors. Moringa
oleifera Lam., Moringaceae, is an appreciated plant by its nutrit ional value and is widely used in tradit ional medicine. It contains a
number of potential active compounds including flavonoids and phenolic components that can alter Cytochrome P 450 activity. The
aim of this work was to evaluate the effect of M. oleifera leaf and seed extracts on the praziq uantel bioavailability and assess its in
vivo effect on a Taenia crassiceps murine model. A validated method by high-performance liquid chromatog. with diode array
detection for determination of praziquantel plasma levels was used. The results showed that after the oral adminis tration of praziq
uantel with M. oleifera , the maximum plasma concentration of praziquantel increased by 2.4- and 5.6- fold with leaf and seed
extracts resp. The area under the curve values from time 0 to 120-min ratios between the combin ations and praziquantel alone
were 1.8 and 3.6 for leaf and seed extracts, resp. Cysticidal activity of the combin ation of praziquantel and seed extract was signifi
cantly greater than the adminis tration of praziquantel alone.
Keywords: Moringa oleifera extraction praziquantel combination bioavailability cysticidal activity murine

130
Mo-CBP4, a purified chitin-binding protein from Moringa oleifera seeds , is a potent antidermatophytic
protein: In vitro mechanisms of action, in vivo effect against infection, and clinical application as a
hydrogel for skin infection
By: Lopes, Tiago Deiveson Pereira; Souza, Pedro Filho Noronha; Silva da Costa, Helen Paula; Pereira, Mirella Leite; Xavier da Silva
Neto, Joao; Carvalho de Paula, Paulo; Brilhante, Raimunda Samia Nogueira; Oliveira, Jose Tadeu Abreu; Vasconcelos, Ilka Maria;
Sousa, Daniele Oliveira Bezerra
International Journal of Biological Macromolecules (2020), 149, 432-442 | Language: English, Database: CAplus and MEDLINE
Dermatophytes belonging to Trichophyton ssp. are important anthrop ophilic and zoophilic pathogens, which developed resistance
to griseofulvin, the common antifungal drug used to treat dermatop hytosis. In this context, Moringa oleifera seed proteins have
been described as antifungal agents with potential applications. Thus, this work aimed to evaluate the antidermatophytic in vitro,
focusing on mechanisms, and in vivo potential of Mo- CBP4, purified from M. oleifera seeds . Mo-CBP4was purified after protein
extraction with 50 mM Tris-HCl buffer, pH 8.0, and chromatog. on chitin and C M Sepharose columns and antiderma tophytic
potential of Mo-CBP4 evaluated in vitro and in vivo. In vitro, Mo- CBP4 reduced in 50% the germin ation of microconidia of Tricho
phyton mentagrophytes at 45 μ M; but did not show inhibition of mycelial growth. Mo- CBP4 (45 μM) presents the inhibitory activity
even when incubated with N-acetyl-D-glucosamine (NAG). Anal. of the mechanisms of Mo- CBP4 revealed an increase in membrane
permeability, ROS overproduction and damage to cell wall leading to microc onidia death. Furthermore, using in vivo models, Mo- CB
P4 (5, 10 and 20 mg g -1) reduced the severity and time of dermatop hytosis. Altogether, these findings indicate that Mo- CBP4 has
great potential for the development of novel antifungal drugs for the clin. treatment of dermatop hytosis.
Keywords: Moringa seed CBP4 antidermatophytic protein hydrogel skin infection; Anti- dermatophytic potential; Chitin-binding
protein; Moringa oleifera
131
The antimicrobial properties of Moringa oleifera Lam. for water treatment: a systematic review
By: Bancessi, Aducabe ; Pinto, M. Manuela F.; Duarte, Elizabeth; Catarino, Luis; Nazareth, Teresa
SN Applied Sciences (2020), 2(3), 323 | Language: English, Database: CAplus
A review. Abstract: Plant extracts have been used as alternatives to the conventional chem. water treatment. Moringa oleifera Lam.
is one of the plants used for this purpose due to its antimicrobial and coagulant proper ties. However, there is no systemat ization of
Moringa 's application methodol. Different parts of the plant, extraction methods and concent rations can be applied to remove
several pathogens present in contaminated drinking water. In the present work , reported Moringa applications with antimicrobial
effect were systematically reviewed, in order to identify effective methodol. (ies) for water treatment. Forty-nine articles were
screened for: (1) part of the plant used, (2) extraction method, (3) extract concentration, (4) targeted pathogens, and (5) inhibition
zone obtained. Nine articles complied with these criteria and were carefully analyzed; eight of them reported on leaf extracts and
only one on seed extracts Two approaches were used: anal. by pathogen and overall anal. A total of eight different extraction
methods were reported. Extract concentrations used ranged from 0.02 to 800 mg m L-1 and were tested on twenty pathogens. Our
anal. revealed that none of such methods is effective against all the tested pathogens. However, leaf extracts obtained with distilled
water or with 95% ethanol were the most effective ones for a higher number of pathogens such as Escherichia coli and, possibly,
Vibrio cholerae. Moreover, Moringa 's extract concentration of 30 mg m L-1 obtained by the 95% ethanol extraction method was the
most efficient. Findings suggest an effective procedure to use Moringa , reinforcing its importance as an environmentally friendly
alternative for water treatment in areas lacking a water supply system.
Keywords: Moringa water treatment antimic robial property review

132
Morphological diversity of the agroforestry species Moringa oleifera Lam. as related to ecological
conditions and farmers' management practices in Benin (West Africa)
By: Gandji, Kisito; Tovissode, Frederic C.; Azihou, Akomian F.; Akpona, Jean Didier T.; Assogbadjo, Achille E.; Kakai, Romain L. Glele
Moringa oleifera Lam. is an agrofo restry species grown for its various uses. Despite its great socioeconomic importance, the
species is still not well exploited and considered as a neglected and underutilized species. This study aimed at identi fying the
morphotypes of M. oleifera and assessing how they were related to climatic conditions and farmers' management practices. The
study was conducted in 30 districts spanning the three biogeog. zones and 11 major sociocultural groups of Benin. Twenty- four
morphol. traits describing the trunk, crown, leaf, leaflet, pod , and seed were collected on 810 adult indivi duals randomly selected
within districts. Linear mixed-effects models were used to invest igate variation in morphol. traits of M. oleifera according to
biogeog. zones and management practices. Then, hierarchical clustering and canonical discri minant analyses were performed on
morphol. traits to identify and characterize the morphotypes of M. oleifera . Results revealed great variab ility in morphol. traits of
M. oleifera according to climate gradient and farmers' management practices. Four morpho types were identified with five
morphol. traits (number of tertiary branches, leaf maximum width, leaf length, pod length and dry pod weight) as the most
discriminant. According to the most harvested organs (leaves and seeds ), the best morphotype was from the sudano-guinean
zone. These findings are crucial for selection and breeding programs and for the improvement of domestication strategies of the
species. This will support efficiently the implementation of more environ mental and socioeconomic-friendly promotion of the
species through its cultivation and use in Benin, as well as in West Africa.
Keywords: Moringa morphol diversity agroforestry ecol West Africa
133
Evaluation of the use of Myracrodruon urundeuva heartwood extracts to protect Moringa oleifera
seeds against Nasutitermes corniger attack and improve sanity
By: Silva, L. L. S.; Araujo, I. M. S.; Costa, P. M. O.; Oliveira, A. P. S.; Oliveira, A. P.; Santos, A. D. C.; Dutra, L. M.; Almeida, J. R. G. S.;
Coelho, L. C. B. B.; Souza-Motta, C. M.; et al
This work evaluated whether methanolic (M E) and saline (S E) extracts from M. urundeuva heartwood would be able to protect M.
oleifera seeds against N. corniger and improve seed sanity. NMR (NMR) spectroscopy anal. was used to identify the chem. profile
of the extracts Seeds were sprayed for 5 days with M E (SME), SE (SSE), or pos. control 1% (volume/volume) sodium hypoch lorite (SSH)
and then infested by workers and soldiers. After death of all termites, the seeds were analyzed for vigor (by measur ements of elec.
conductivity in the exudates) and sanity. Mortality rate of workers and soldiers after 7 days was 100% in SME, SSE, and SSH while it
was 50% in ST control. Perforations made by termites were observed in seeds from ST control and SME treatment but not in seeds
treated with SE. Anal. of vigor revealed that seeds from control ST or those treated with M E or sodium hypoch lorite were damaged
by termites while SE promoted protection against N. corniger. Fusarium spp., Penici llium spp. and Tricho derma harziamum were
identified in treatments and controls, revealing that the extracts did not improve seed sanity. In conclusion, SE from M. urundeuva
heartwood conferred protection against N. corniger attack when sprayed on M. oleifera seeds and this effect can be related with
lectin presence.
Keywords: Myracrodruon Moringa Nasutitermes seed lectin

134
Evaluation of developmental toxicity and anti-angiogenic potential of essential oils from Moringa
oleifera and Moringa peregrina seeds in zebrafish (Danio rerio) model
By: Elsayed, E. A.; Farooq, M.; Sharaf-Eldin, M. A.; El-Enshasy, H. A.; Wadaan, M.
Recently , essential oils from moringa seeds have been evaluated for their different biol. potent ials. However, their effect in
embryonic development, either in human or animals, is not largely known. The current work was designed to investigate the
developmental toxicity and in vivo anti- angiogenic effects of essential oils from Moringa oleifera and M. peregrina seeds on
zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryos. Fatty acid composition of both oils revealed higher levels of unsatu rated ω-9 oleic acid (67.1 and
73.57% for M. oleifera and M. peregrina, resp.) . On the other hand, major saturated fatty acids (palmitic, stearic and arachidic)
recorded comparable combined levels (15.42 and 14.81% for M. oleifera and M. peregrina, resp.) . Seed oils from M. oleifera and
M. peregrina were toxic to zebrafish embryos at LD50 values of 21.24 ± 0.44 and 25.11 ± 0.547μg/m L, resp. However, sub-LDs of oils
(10-20μg/mL) showed stacking of blood cells around yolk area of treated embryos. Further investi gation to this phenotype in
zebrafish transgenic line Tg(fli1:EGFP) has confirmed malformed blood vessels in 100% treated embryos. In conclu sion, essentials
oils from M. oleifera and M. peregrina seeds represent an anti-angiogenic potential for combating cancer development.
Keywords: Moringa Danio essential oil angiogenic potential toxicity
135
Proteomics analysis reveal that Moringa oleifera kills Escherichia coli by altering multiple biological
processes
By: Smith, B. E.; Orders, T.; Slate, J.; Bauldry, S.; Emrani, J.; Idassi, J.; Ahmed, M.; Cecile, J.; Bailey, C. S.; Nguyen, N.-A.; et al
Every year 15 million babies are born prematurely worldwide and a million of these infants die. We know that bacterial infections
are associated with and are the primary cause of preterm labor . Unfortunately, current antibiotic-based therapies are either
unsafe or are becoming less effective. Some of the key microbes associated with preterm labor include Gardnerella vaginalis,
Lactobacillus spp., Atopobium vaginae, Mycoplasma hominis, Ureaplasma urealy ticum and Escherichia coli (E. coli). Here, we invest
igated the effectiveness of different whole leaf Moringa oleifera (M. oleifera ) extracts and subsequently the sub-fractions of
ethanolic whole leaf extract to inhibit growth of and/or lysis E. coli, and compared the most potent leaf extract to common antibi
otics. We also sought to determine the proteome- wide expression patterns of the bacterium when incubated with whole leaf M.
oleifera extract using quant. proteomics. From these studies, we demons trate that: (1) ethanolic whole leaf M. oleifera extract
causes the greatest inhibition of E. coli and is comparable to inhibition observed by common antibiotics, (2) the 8 different phases
of bacterial growth are prolonged or inhibited by extract treatment, (3) sub-fraction 5 exhibited the most potent inhibitory activities,
followed by 8, and (4) proteomics anal. revealed that MO lyses E. coli by altering expression of multiple proteins involved in several
biol. processes of the bacteria, notably stress response, metabolism and energy maintenance.
Keywords: Moringa Escherichia bacterial killing proteomics

136
Investigating the Physio-chemical Properties of Densified Biomass Pellet Fuels from Fruit and
Vegetable Market Waste
By: Arulprakasajothi, Mahalingam; Beemkumar, Nagappan ; Parthipan, Jayaram; Battu, Nagalingeswara raju
Arabian Journal for Science and Engineering (2020), 45(2), 563-574 | Language: English, Database: CAplus
In this present research work , fruit and vegetable waste (FVW) sourced from the com. market is transf ormed to solid fuels. Solid
biomass fuel for com. heating is produced using agricultural wastes. This in turn reduces the effect of environ mental issues. Enough
investigations are seen in the literature for Anacardium occide ntale kernels, and no study is seen for materials Brassica oleracea
leaves, Moringa oleifera pods , Citrullus lanatus lunds and Annona squamosa seeds and are considered for testing and evaluation
in the present study. The amount of moisture contents of residues was dried in rotary drum dryer using sun parabolic dish collector
coupled with U-type air heater (1000 W). The dried loose biomasses are powd. into grains (< 50μm) by crushing. By the applic ation
of manual press briquetting machine (800 psi) , along with the starch binder (< 10%) the grains are pelleted. Inclusions of starch
binder effectively bind the material and provide increased compre ssive strength, a desired one. The outcome for all the above fuels
is in the range of: compression strength (300-450 psi), proximate anal. (< 2% of ash), ultimate anal. (< 2% sulfur), moisture content
(< 10%), calorific value (15- 18 MJ/kg), bulk d. (250-350 kg/m3), resistance to water penetration (70-82%), drop shatter resistance (>
94.5%) and tumbling test (> 95%). Less costs of FVW pellets, for the fuel use in boilers and inciner ators, etc., provide as a potential
and eco-friendly fuel for energy genera tion.
Keywords: fruit vegetable waste solid biomass fuel physico chem property
137
Performance of Natural Coagulants on Greywater Treatment
By: Chitra, D.; Muruganandam, L.

Recent Innovations in Chemical Engineering (2020), 13(1), 81-92 | Language: English, Database: CAplus
Background: Reusing waste water by approp riate treatment is an effective method for substan tiating the ever increasing water
demand for construction, irrigation, domestic and industrial purposes. The greywater is the domestic waste water that does not
contain the toilet effluent and it is converted and used for non-potable purpose through coagulation and flocculation by using
natural coagulant. Objective: The main objective of this work is to evaluate the coagulating efficiencies of various natural
coagulants on synthetic greywater by varying pH, mixing speed, mixing time and coagulant dosage. Methods: Powd. coagulants
obtained from tamarind seeds , Moringa oleifera , banana peels and fly ash were compared with conven tional com. coagulants like
alum for synthetic and real greywater. Results: The natural coagulants have shown significant performance compared to chems. like
alum. Conclusion: The turbidity removal efficiency for tamarind seeds , Moringa oleifera , banana peels and fly ash were found to
be 61.33%, 85.75%, 90.42%, 94.27% against 96.49% obtained from alum on treating with synthetic gray water under identical condit
ions.
Keywords: gray water Moringa banana seed peel natural coagulant

138
Influence evaluation of the functionalization of magnetic nanoparticles with a natural extract

coagulant in the primary treatment of a dairy cleaning-in-place wastewater
By: Triques, Carina Contini; Fagundes-Klen, Marcia Regina; Suzaki, Pedro Yahico Ramos; Mateus, Gustavo Affonso Pisano; Wernke,
Gessica; Bergamasco, Rosangela; Rodrigues, Maria Luiza Fernandes
Journal of Cleaner Production (2020), 243, 118634 | Language: English, Database: CAplus
Improving primary treatments is of utmost importance, which can be achieved by reducing the necessary time for the process,
accomplishing a better quality of the treated wastewater and reducing the residues that may be generated. In a dairy industry, most
of the effluent is provenient from the sanitation system, usually cleaning-in-place (CIP). This work investigated two organic coagul
ants, Moringa seeds extract (Mo) and nanoparticles (NP) of iron oxide functionalized with the Moringa extract (MoNP) as an altern
ative for the primary treatment of an effluent coming from the C IP of a dairy industry. Different salts were examined for the Mo
preparation as well as its combination with magnetic N P. Biotoxicity tests were performed with the objective of analyzing whether
this extensively used seed and the NP could affect the flora using Lactuca sativa seeds as test organisms. The functionalization of
the magnetic NP with the Mo prepared with calcium chloride (Ca Cl2) proved to be a good alternative for the primary treatment of
dairy CIP wastewater since it provides about 90% of turbidity removal in a reduced sedimen tation time (7 min compared to 60 min
when Mo is used alone) and NP can be recovered from the sludge (which, by itself was already more advant ageous since it was
more compact) and refunctionalized to be reused. Besides, neither the Mo nor the Mo NP increased the ecotoxicity of the treated
effluent when Lactuca sativa seeds bioassays were conducted.
Keywords: magnetic nanoparticle Moringa extract coagulation wastewater treatment dairy industry
139
Study to investigate the potential of combined extract of leaves and seeds of Moringa oleifera in
groundwater purification
By: Alam, Mir Waqas ; Pandey, Pratibha ; Khan, Fahad ; Souayeh, Basma ; Farhan, Mohd
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health (2020), 17(20), 7468 | Language: English, Database: CAplus and
MEDLINE
Several parts of the Moringa oleifera plant have revealed incredible potential for water quality improv ement. However, the purifi
cation potential of a combined leaf and seed extract of Moringa oleifera plants remains unexplored. To the best of our knowledge,
this research would be the first to work towards exploiting the combined potential of a leaf and seed extract of the Moringa
oleifera plant in the process of water purifi cation In this study, we invest igated the combined effectiveness of the leaf and seed
extract in the purification of groundwater. The jar test method was used to analyze the effecti veness of Moringa plant extract (in
combination) on different quality parameters of ground water. Treatment with the combined plant extract ( seed and leaf) resulted
in significant improvement of various physicochem. (hardness, pH, turbidity, Total Dissolved Solid (T DS), and metallic impurities) and
biol. parameters (E.coli count) over individual seed and leaf extract in ground water samples. Exptl. findings have strongly shown
the enhanced purification efficacy of the hexane extract of combined plant materials in comparison to the individual extract,
thereby providing us with a potent natural coagulant that could combat the side effects of chem. coagulants.
Keywords: potential combined extract leaves seeds Moringa oleifera ; Moringa oleifera ; jar test apparatus; natural coagulant;
water purification

140
Bioactivity-guided identification of anti-adipogenic isothiocyanates in the Moringa (Moringa oleifera )

seed and investigation of the structure-activity relationship
By: Huang, Linhua; Yuan, Chunmao; Wang, Yu

Due to the side effects of obesity medications, many studies have focused on the natural products used in the daily diet to control
weight Moringa seed pods and leaves are widely used as vegetables or diet supple ments due to the high nutrition value. However,
no bioactivity-guided anti-adipogenic study was previously conducted. Therefore, a preadi pocyte cell line was adopted as the bioact
ivity assay to identify the anti-adipogenic compounds in the peeled Moringa seed . Two known sulfur-containing compounds (1 and
2) were isolated and identified. Compound 2, 4-(α-l-rhamnosyloxy) benzyl isothiocyanate, showed a great anti-adipogneic effect with
an IC50 value of 9.2μg/mL. The isothiocyanate (ITC) group in compound 2 could be respon sible for the inhibitory activity. In addition,
a series of compounds with the ITC group were used to further invest igate the structure-activity relationship, indicating foods
containing ITC derivatives have the potential of being used to control weight
Keywords: Moringa seed isothiocyanate antiadipogenic structure activity relationship adipognesis; Moringa seed ; anti-adipoge
nesis; isothiocyanates; structure-activity relationship
141
Potential of Moringa oleifera to improve glucose control for the prevention of diabetes and related
metabolic alterations: a systematic review of animal and human studies
By: Nova, Esther ; Redondo-Useros, Noemi; Martinez-Garcia, Rosa M.; Gomez-Martinez, Sonia; Diaz-Prieto, Ligia E.; Marcos,
Ascension
Nutrients (2020), 12(7), 2050 | Language: English, Database: CAplus and MEDLINE
Moringa oleifera (MO) is a multipurpose plant consumed as food and known for its medicinal uses, among others. Leaves, seeds
and pods are the main parts used as food or food supple ments. Nutritionally rich and with a high polyphenol content in the form
of phenolic acids, flavonoids and glucosinolates, MO has been shown to exert numerous in vitro activities and in vivo effects,
including hypoglycemic activity. A systematic search was carried out in the Pub Med database and reference lists on the effects of M
O on glucose metabolism Thirty-three animal studies and eight human studies were included. Water and organic solvent extracts of
leaves and, secondly, seeds , have been extensively assayed in animal models, showing the hypogl ycemic effect, both under acute
conditions and in long-term administrations and also prevention of other metabolic changes and complic ations associated to the
hyperglycemic status. In humans, clin. trials are scarce, with variable designs and testing mainly dry leaf powder alone or mixed
with other foods or MO aqueous preparations Although the reported results are encour aging, especially those from postpr andial
studies, more human studies are certainly needed with more stringent inclusion criteria and a sufficient number of diabetic or
prediabetic subjects. Moreover, trying to quantify the bioactive substances admini stered with the exptl. material tested would
facilitate comparison between studies.
Keywords: Moringa oleifera glucose diabetes metabolic alteration human; Moringa oleifera ; animal studies; antiox idant enzymes;
diabetes mellitus; fasting glucose; glucose tolerance; human studies; lipid metabolism

142
Investigation of Moringa oleifera seeds as effective and low-cost adsorbent to remove yellow dye
tartrazine in fixed-bed column
By: Reck, Isabela Maria; Paixao, Rebecca Manesco; Bergamasco, Rosangela; Vieira, Marcelo Fernandes; Vieira, Angelica Marquetotti
Salcedo
Separation Science and Technology (Philadelphia, PA, United States) (2020), 55(1), 13-25 | Language: English, Database: CAplus
The aim of the present work was to evaluate the adsorption behavior of tartrazine yellow dye using Moringa oleifera ( moringa )
seeds in a fixed bed, through the variation of operat ional parameters and evaluation of math. models. The results showed that the
biosorption process showed higher efficiency when the column was operated at 1 m L min-1 flow, with a height of 14 cm and p H 5 of
the dye solution, which had a removal percentage of 44.89% and removal capacity of 0.504 mg g -1. When the adsorption models
were applied, it was found that the Adams-Bohart model best represents the initial part of the rupture curve, whereas the Dose-
Response model best reproduces the entire rupture curve. The regene ration experiments demonstrate that it is possible to
regenerate the biosorbent and its removal capacity remains at approx. 33% from the 4th cycle, satisfactory results for the reuse of
the moringa seeds in the removal of tartrazine dye.
Keywords: tartrazine seed biosorbent removal fixed bed column Moringa
143
Ovicidal lectins from Moringa oleifera and Myracrodruon urundeuva cause alterations in chorionic
surface and penetrate the embryos of Aedes aegypti eggs
By: Alves, Robson R. V.; Soares, Tatiana; Bento, Elinaldo F. L.; Roldan-Filho, Ricardo S.; Souza, Barbara S. S.; Lima, Marcele K. N.;
Nascimento, Jessica S.; Coelho, Luana C. B. B.; Sa, Roberto A.; Lima, Thamarah A.; et al
Pest Management Science (2020), 76(2), 730-736 | Language: English, Database: CAplus and MEDLINE
Lectins from Moringa oleifera seeds (WSMoL), Myracrodruon urundeuva bark (MuBL), and heartwood (MuHL) are larvicidal agents
against Aedes aegypti; in addition, WSMoL is an ovicidal agent against this mosquito. In this work , we evaluated the ovicidal activity
of MuBL and MuHL by determining the concentrations that reduce the hatching rates by 50% in 72 h (E C50 ). The effects of WSMoL,
MuBL, and MuHL on the ultrastructure of the egg surface were assessed by S EM (SEM). RESULTS : MuBL and MuHL were ovicidal
agents with EC50 of 0.26 and 0.80 mg/m L (260 and 800 ppm), resp. SEM images of eggs treated with W SMoL for 24 h revealed
discontinuity of the exochorionic network and the absence of the exochorionic cells and their tubercles. After 48 and 72 h of incuba
tion, strong deformation and degeneration of egg surfaces were observed In Mu BL and MuHL-treated eggs, the presence of lumps
on the surface of the eggs, disappearance of the exochorionic network and the decrease and deform ation of tubercles were
observed Lastly, fluorescence microscopy revealed that the three lectins were able to enter the eggs and reach the digestive tract of
the embryos. CONCLUSION : W SMoL, MuBL, and MuHL are ovicidal agents on A. aegypti that have differing effici encies in terms of
how they cause alterations in the chorionic surface and in terms of their ability to penetrate the eggs.
Keywords: Moringa Myracrodruon Aedes egg ovicidal lectin chorionic surface; chitin- binding proteins; dengue mosquito; eggshell;
insecticidal activity

144
Moringa oleifera : a review on medicinal and nutritional properties
By: Pratibha, Kushwaha; Virginia, Paul

A review. Moringa is rich in nutrition owing to the presence of a variety of essential phytoc hems. present in its leaves, pods and
seeds . In fact, moringa is said to provide 7 times more vitamin C than oranges, 10 times more vitamin A than carrots, 17 times
more calcium than milk, 9 times more protein than yoghurt, 15 times more potassium than bananas and 25 times more iron than
spinach. The fact that moringa is easily cultivable makes it a sustai nable remedy for malnutrition. Moringa can also be preserved
for a long time without loss of nutrients. Drying or freezing can be done to store the leaves. M. oleifera is often referred as a
panacea and can be used to cure more than 300 diseases. Moringa has long been used in herbal medicine. M. oleifera has great
anti-diabetic and anti-cancer properties.
Keywords: review Moringa plant extract antidiabetic anticancer agent
145
Susceptibility pattern of different parts of Moringa oleifera against some pathogenic fungi, isolated
from sputum samples of HIV positive individuals co-infected with pulmonary tuberculosis
By: Onuoha, Vivian C.; Enweani, Ifeoma B.; Ekuma-Okereke, Ogbonnia

Journal of Advances in Microbiology (2020), 20(7), No pp. given | Language: English, Database: CAplus
Background: Opportunistic fungal infection in H IV pos. individualshas a high risk of morbidity and mortality as it could be a pointer
to systemic infection. Moringa oleifera is one of the 14 species of the family Moring aceae with traditional effectiveness in anti-
helminthic, analgesic, anti-ulcerative, anti-microbial, etc. Aim: This study was designed to determine the suscept ibility pattern of
different parts of Moringa oleifera against some pathogenic fungi using dried Morringa oleifera seed , bark, pod , and leaf
extracts/fractions as agents. Materials and Methods: A total of 132 subjects (62 males and 70 females) attending outpatient clinics
(OPD) at Nnamdi Azikiwe University Teaching Hospital Nnewi, and Holy Rossary Hospital Emekuku Owerri, Nigeria were recruited
for this study. The HIV status of the test subjects was confirmed using immuno- chromatog. technique and their sputum screened
for Tuberculosis (TB) using Ziehl Nelsen staining technique. The sputum samples were also cultured on Sabouaurd dextrose agar
with and without chloramphenicol incubated at 25°C with examin ation of growth every 3 days for two weeks. Identif ication of
isolates was done using Gram staining methods, chromogenic media and slide culture. 700g, 220g, 500g, and 250g each of the
different parts of the pulverized Moringa oleifera ( seeds , barks, pods , and leaves) were weighed and exctracted using Soxhlet
extractor and methanol as solvent. Results: The prevalence of fungi isolates from test subjects shows that Candida albicans has the
highest frequency of 25(26.6%), with the least prevalent being Asperg illus flavus and Phiale monium curvatum at 2(2.1%) resp. There
was also a pos. significant correlation between TB and fungi infection in H IV-sero pos. subjects (P<0.05). The invitro antifungal
activity of these Moringa oleifera extracts/fractions against the test isolates showed no antifungal activity except for Et acetate
fraction which demonstrated the most prominent activity against A. fumigatus with zones of inhibition of 3- 10mm diameter with
the least activity against C. krusei with zones of inhibition of 3-6mm diameter However, the antifungal activities of flucon azole which
served as a control in the antifungal susceptibility against the test isolates were more effective than the extract/f ractions against
the test isolates with a min. inhibition concentration (MIC) of 50-200mg/mL against 25-100mg/mL for ethylacetate fraction. Conclu
sion: The comparable antifungi effect of ethyla cetate fraction of M. oleifera leaf with that of flucon azole, suggests that ethyla cetate
fraction of M. oleifera leaf could aid the treatment of pathogenic fungi due to its potential applic ations in Pharmaceutical industry,
thereby ameliorating the morbidity and mortality rate of HIV pos. co-infected TB subjects.
Keywords: Moringa leaf alkaloid antifungal agent Candida H IV pulmonary tuberculosis

146
The assessment of mucoadhesivity of natural polymer derived form plant sources
By: Samanta, Radheshyam; Bhaumik, Asish; Nayak, Amit Kumar

Journal of Drug Delivery and Therapeutics (2020), 10(2Suppl.), 27-29 | Language: English, Database: CAplus
The main aim and objective of my present research work was to determine the various important mucoad hesive parameters such
as mucoadhesive force, force of adhesion and bonding strength, etc. Mucoad hesive properties of natural polymers were evaluated
by formulating gels using Carbopol 940 P as a gelling agent. Mucoad hesive parameters of the prepared Carbopol 940 P gels
containing natural polymers were determined by ex vivo followed by modified phys. balance using excised cock intestinal mucosa.
From the recent exptl. data it was displayed that the mucoad hesive strength, force of adhesion and bonding strength of gel
containing low methoxy pectin (1% w/v) was found higher than other tested gels. The gel containing Moringa oleifera gum (1% w/v)
exhibited less mucoadhesion than other tested gels. The order of mucoad hesion of these plant- derived polymers was found as: low
methoxy pectin > jackfruit seed starch > cashew gum/okra gum gum > pumpkin pectin > linseed mucilage > sago starch > gum
Arabic > xanthan gum > fenugreek seed mucilage/black palm seed polysaccharide > Moringa oleifera gum.
Keywords: assessment mucoadhesivity natural polymer derived
147
Moringa oleifera defatted flour: Nutritive and bioactive impact of shells
By: Boukandoul, Silia; Casal, Susana ; Mendes, Eulalia; Zaidi, Farid

Journal of Food Processing and Preservation (2020), 44(9), e14693 | Language: English, Database: CAplus
The worldwide demand for sustainable protein sources is increa sing. Moringa oleifera seed cake has a promising potential, as
large quantities are available after oil extraction Previous research showed that shells have a pos. impact on the oil bioactivity, with
this work aiming to understand the impact of shells presence in defatted flours from a nutrit ional perspective. Shells decreased
proteins (57.4 to40.6%), with a proportional variation in amino acids, both equally rich in essential amino acids. Fatty acids relative
amounts were only slightly affected by the shells (C22:0 and C24:0; p ≤.05) , while total lipids doubled in kernel flours (1.2% vs. 2.3%) .
Unshelled flour was richer in crude fibers (2.7% vs. 11.9%), vitamin E (1.6 vs. 2.5 mg/kg) , phenolic compounds (particularly catechin),
and presented higher antioxidant capacity. Unshelled M. oleifera defatted flour represents a rich source of high- quality protein,
higher than soybean cake, with an equilibrated nutritional profile, interesting for food fortification or supplementation purposes.
The utilization of oilseed residues is economically and ecol. attractive. These byproducts are rich in protein and other bioactive
components seek for the food industry. Our study compares M. oleifera seed flours (both whole seeds and kernels) as a new
oilseed byproduct for food enrichment,with potential outcomes as a new protein source rich in fibers and antioxi dants.
Keywords: bioactive impact shell Moringa oleifera defatted flour nutritive

148
Moringa oleifera seeds mitigate myocardial injury and prevent ventricular failure induced by
myocardial infarction
By: Li, Yan-Jie; Ji, Qing-Qi; Wang, Zi; Shen, Ling-Hong; He, Ben
American Journal of Translational Research (2020), 12(8), 4511-4521 | Language: English, Database: CAplus
Moringa oleifera (MOI), an edible plant in the family of Moring aceae, has been used as food and medicine in many Asian countries.
MOI exhibits neuroprotective, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and hypoglycemic functions. However, whether MOI seeds play a
significant role in ischemic heart diseases has not been investi gated. In this study, we found M OI seeds could improve the 28- day
survival rate and the cardiac functions of myocardial infarction (MI) mice, with significantly increased ejection fraction and fractional
shortening by day 28 post-MI. Correspondingly, the infarctional areas of heart were markedly decreased. Mechanis tically, MOI
seeds inhibited M I-induced apoptosis and repressed the degree of cardiac fibrosis. Further mechan istic studies indicated cardiopr
otective the effects of MOI seeds mainly via the suppression of oxidative and nitros ative stress. Taken together, our work
suggested a beneficial role of MOI seeds in MI-induced myocardial damage and cardiac remodeling by suppre ssing cardiomyocyte
apoptosis and reducing collagen production, highlighting a promising therapeutic strategy for M I.
149
Antibacterial action of functional silicon dioxide: an investigation of the attachment and separation of
bacteria
By: Williams, Frances E. ; Lee, Andrew K. ; Orandi, Sanaz ; Lewis, David M.

Bactericidal proteins from the Moringa oleifera seed are reported to be suitable alternatives to conventional methods of bacterial
reduction in water. In this study the cationic bactericidal M. oleifera proteins were isolated by attachment onto the surface of
silicon dioxide. This functionalised SiO2(f-SiO2) was then exposed to Escherichia coli and Micrococcus luteus to examine whether the
f-SiO2 could be used to inactivate the bacteria. The effect of the non- ionic surfactant dodecyl glucoside on the attachment of these
bacteria to the f-SiO2 was examined with the aim of developing a method of reusable bacterial inactiv ation. The primary result of
this study was that the E. coli could be readily separated from the f-SiO2, allowing the f-SiO2 to be used for further bacterial inactiv
ation. The regeneration of the f-SiO2 was demonstrated using fluorescence microscopy on bacterial cells stained with propidium
iodide, and zeta potential measurements. Future applic ations of this work include a reusable method of removing bacteria from
contaminated water.
Keywords: silicon dioxide antibacterial activity Moringa ; Moringa oleifera ; bacterial inactivation; functional silicon dioxide; ƒ- SiO2

150
Antioxidant, antibacterial activities and mineral content of buffalo yoghurt fortified with fenugreek and
Moringa oleifera seed flours
By: Dhawi, Faten ; El-Beltagi, Hossam S. ; Aly, Esmat ; Hamed, Ahmed M.

Foods (2020), 9(9), 1157 | Language: English, Database: CAplus and MEDLINE
Recently , there is an increasing demand for functional yoghurts by consumer, especially those produced through the incorpo ration
of food of plant origin or its bioactive components. The current research was devoted to formul ating functional buffalo yoghurt
through the addition of 0.1 and 0.2% of fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum) seed flour (F1 and F2) and Moringa oleifera seed
flour (M1 and M2). The effects of fortifi cation were evaluated on physico chem., total phenolic content (T PC), antioxidant activity (AO
A), the viability of yoghurt starter, and sensory accepta bility of yoghurts during cold storage. Moringa oleifera seed flour had
higher contents of TPC (140.12 mg G AE/g) and AOA (31.30%) as compared to fenugreek seed flour (47.4 mg G AE/g and 19.1%, resp.)
. Values of T PC and AOA significantly increased in fortified yoghurts, and M2 treatment had the highest values of T PC (31.61, 27.29,
and 25.69 mg GAE/g) and AOA (89.32, 83.5, and 80.35%) at 1, 7, and 14 days of storage, resp. M2 showed signifi cantly higher antibac
terial activity against E. coli, S. aureus, L. monocyt ogenes, and Salmonella spp. and the zones of inhibition were 12.65, 13.14, 17.23
and 14.49 mm, resp. On the other hand, control yoghurt showed the lowest antibacterial activity and the zones of inhibition were
(4.12, 5.21, 8.55, and 8.39 mm against E. coli, S. aureus, L. monocytogenes, and Salmonella spp., resp.) . Incorporation of 0.1% and
0.2% of moringa seed flour (M1 and M2) led to a higher content of Ca, P, K, and Fe and lower content of Mg and Zn as compared
to F1 and F2, resp. Thus, it could be concluded that fenugreek and Moringa oleifera seed flour can be exploited in the prepar ation
of functional novel yoghurt.
Keywords: antibacterial activity; antioxidant activity; fenugreek and Moringa oleifera seed flours; functional yogurt; mineral
content; total phenolic content
151
Evaluation of antidiabetic potential and biochemical parameters of aqueous pod extract of Moringa
oleifera in alloxan diabetic rats
By: Owolabi, Mbang A.; Ogah, Celina O.; Adebayo, Kingsley O.; Soremi, Esther M.
Tropical Journal of Natural Product Research (2020), 4(2), 50-57 | Language: English, Database: CAplus
Moringa oleifera leaves and seeds are sold in Nigeria as nutrace utical for the treatment of various diseases including diabetes
mellitus. It may also be possible that the pod of M. oleifera could have antidiabetic effect and lower plasma lipid in which diabetic
patients are predisposed to. Hence there is the need to evaluate the potential of the aqueous pod extract of M. oleifera as an
antidiabetic and lipid lowering agent. Acute blood glucose lowering effect of varying doses (100, 200 and 400 mg/kg) of the aqueous
pod extract of M. oleifera and glibenclamide (10 mg/kg) on normal and alloxan-induced diabetic rats was investigated. The rats
were treated daily for 21 days with the most ED (200 mg/kg, orally) and its effects on blood glucose, oral glucose tolerance, body
weight, biochem. parameters and lipid indexes were evaluated. Results of the study showed significant (p<0.05) reduction in blood
glucose level. Daily administration of the extract significantly (p<0.05) improved glucose tolerance, attenuated plasma lipids levels,
alanine transaminase and aspartate transaminase in the diabetic group. There was pos. improvement in the body weight of the
diabetic rats after treatment. The aqueous pod extract of M. oleifera exhibited significant antidiabetic and lipid lowering effects,
which may be due to the presence of flavonoids, which are known antiox idants or possible regeneration of the pancreatic β-cells.
Keywords: Moringa pod extract antidiabetic natural pharmaceutical

152
Response of Japanese quails (Coturnix coturnix japonica) to dietary inclusion of Moringa oleifera
essential oil under heat stress condition
By: Tekce, Emre; Bayraktar, Bulent; Aksakal, Vecihi; Dertli, Enes; Kamiloglu, Aybike; Topcu, Kubra Cinar; Takma, Cigdem; Gul,
Mehmet; Kaya, Hacer
Italian Journal of Animal Science (2020), 19(1), 514-523 | Language: English, Database: CAplus
The present study was aimed at investigating the effects of the dietary use of different doses of Moringa oleifera essential oil (M OE
O) on performance parameters, internal organ weights and meat quality in Japanese quails (Coturnix coturnix japonica) exposed to
Heat Stress (HS). For this purpose, 320 male day- old quail chicks were used. Seven days of prelim inary ( phys . exercise ) and a 35-
day fattening period were applied. The animals were divided into 8 groups, each including 40 animals according to temper ature (C:
25°C and SC: 37°C) and dietary doses (C, 200, 400 and 600) . Each group was divided into 4 subgroups, each comprising 10 animals.
The consequences of this study showed that, in the stress- free (HSF) groups, while all of the different doses of dietary M OEO pos.
affected growth performance, feed intake and feed effici ency, in the HS groups, similar pos. effects were observed with the use of
200 ppm of dietary MOEO. While no effect was detected on internal organ weights on Days 21 and 42 in the H SF and HS groups, a
dose-dependent increase was determined in the intestinal p H value on day 42 in the H S group (p < .05) . Addnl., in the anal. of meat
quality on the 21st and 42 days compared to the controls, no effect was observed on the meat color parameters value and TBARS
level in the HS and HSF groups. Based on the consequences of this study, it is considered that, M OEO could be used as an altern
ative product in poultry, at a dose of 200 ppm, to reduce the detrim ental effects of HS.
Keywords: Japanese quails dietary Moringa oleifera
153
Water clarification using Moringa Oleifera ( Drumstick ) seeds
By: Mahinge, Ajay; Pawar, Suhas

International Journal for Scientific Research and Development (2020), 8(2), 1225-1229 | Language: English, Database: CAplus
The cost of treated water makes most0020people in rural community's to resort to readily available sources which are normally of
low quality exposing them to waterborne diseases. Chem. coagulants like ammonium sulfate which used in treatment plant for
purification process but the extensive use can cause problems and it is costlier and to overcome these problems it is necessary to
increase the use of natural coagulants. There are different types of natural coagul ants, among them one of the natural coagulants
is Moringa Olifera. It is in this light that project is carrying out to confirm the effecti veness of powder extracted from mature dried
Moringa oleifera seeds which is commonly available in most rural areas. Model turbid water was treated by coagul ation, floccu
lation and sedimentation with Moringa oleifera seeds powder as a coagulant, using jar tests. The quality of water is analyzed and
compared with that of the water with alum. Experiments were conducted at various dosages. To evaluate the antimic robial activity
and efficiency of a natural absorbent from Moringa oleifera seeds in treating water by physic ochem. methods. Turbidity, p H, alkali
nity, jar test, conductivity, chlorides and total coliform test were performed. The specific objectives is to establish the best dose of
powder Moringa oleifera seeds that best removes different parameters from water and to compare between the Moringa seed
powder and the selected com. sold water treatment chems. M. Oleifera works as a coagulant due to the pos. charge, water soluble
proteins which bind with neg. charges particles allowing the formation of flocks to settle to the bottom or be removed by filtration
sand and it is accepted that treatment with Moringa oleifera seed solution will remove 90- 99% of impurities in water.

154
In vitro anti-allergic activity of Moringa oleifera Lam. extracts and their isolated compounds
By: Abd Rani, Nur Zahirah; Kumolosasi, Endang; Jasamai, Malina; Jamal, Jamia Azdina; Lam, Kok Wai; Husain, Khairana
BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine (2019), 19(1), 361 | Language: English, Database: CAplus and MEDLINE
This study was aimed to examine the anti-allergic activity of M. oleifera extracts and its isolated compounds M. oleifera leaves,
seeds and pods were extracted with 80% of ethanol. Individual compounds were isolated using column chromatog. technique and
elucidated based on the NMR (NMR) and electr ospray ionisation mass spectrometry (ESIMS) spectral data. The anti- allergic activity
of the extracts, isolated compounds and ketotifen fumarate as a pos. control was evaluated using rat basophilic leukemia (RBL-2H3)
cells for early and late phases of allergic reactions. The early phase was determined based on the inhibition of beta-hexosam
inidase and histamine release while late phase was based on the inhibition of interl eukin (IL-4) and tumor necrosis factor (T NF-a)
release. Two new compounds ethyl-(E)-undec-6-enoate (1) and 3,5,6-trihydroxy-2-(2,3,4,5,6-pentahydroxyphenyl)-4H-chromen-4-
one (2) together with six known compounds quercetin (3) , kaempferol (4), beta-sitosterol-3-O-glucoside (5), oleic acid (6), glucomo
ringin (7), 2,3,4-trihydroxybenzaldehyde (8) and stigmasterol (9) were isolated from M. oleifera extracts All extracts and the isolated
compounds inhibited mast cell degranulation by inhibiting beta- hexosaminidase and histamine release, as well as the release of I L-
4 and TNF-a at varying levels compared with ketotifen fumarate. The study suggested that M. oleifera and its isolated compounds
potentially have an anti-allergic activity by inhibiting both early and late phases of allergic reactions.
Keywords: Moringa extract isolated compound antiall ergic; Anti-allergic; Beta-hexosaminidase; Histamine; IL-4; Isolation; Moringa
oleifera ; New compound; R BL-2H3; TNF- α
155
Bulk balance filtration model (BBFM) for lead and iron physisorption through Moringa oleifera Lam.
seed husks
By: Landazuri, Andrea C.; Villarreal, Juan S.; Andrade, Jose C.; Sornoza, Israel; Lagos, Andres S.
It is well known that Moringa oleifera Lam. (MO) seeds , pods and leaves have coagulant-flocculant and adsorptive properties, and
it is a worth candidate for water treatment that can partially substitute commonly used adsorbents such as granular activated
carbon, sand and zeolite. Lead (Pb) and iron (Fe) adsorption using borosilicate columns packed with M O seed husks for water purifi
cation purposes was investigated. A model (Bulk Balance Filtration - B BFM or Bulk Model for short) for contam inant adsorption was
derived and applied to iron and lead data. The BBFM parameters found were: c = 1.324 cm 2, n = 0.5949 and λ o = 0.1251 cm -1; and c
= 2.232 cm 2, n = 0.9792 and λ o = 0.1027 cm -1 for iron and lead, resp. The Bulk Model is useful for scaling- up purposes and
correlated better than classic models such as the BDST, Thomas, and the Yoon- Nelson under specific conditions. Results from batch
and continuous processes suggest that Fe and Pb removal mechanism with MO husk corresponds to that of a physiso rption
process.
Keywords: lead iron physisorption Moringa seed husk water purification

156
Towards a molecular understanding of the water purification properties of Moringa seed proteins
By: Moulin, M.; Mossou, E.; Signor, L.; Kieffer-Jaquinod, S.; Kwaambwa, H. M.; Nermark, F.; Gutfreund, P.; Mitchell, E. P.; Haertlein, M.;
Forsyth, V. T.; et al
Journal of Colloid and Interface Science (2019), 554, 296-304 | Language: English, Database: CAplus and MEDLINE
Seed extracts from Moringa oleifera are of wide interest for use in water purifi cation where they can play an important role in
flocculation; they also have potential as anti-microbial agents. Previous work has focused on the crude protein extract Here we
describe the detailed biophys. characterization of individual proteins from these seeds . The results provide new insights relating to
the active compounds involved. One fraction, designated Mo-CBP3, has been characterized at a mol. level using a range of biochem.
and biophys. techniques including liquid chromatog., X-ray diffraction, mass spectrometry, and neutron reflection. The interfacial
behavior is of particular interest in considering water purification applications and interactions with both charged (e.g. silica) and
uncharged (alumina) surfaces were studied. The reflection studies show that, in marked contrast to the crude extract, only a single
layer of the purified Mo-CBP3 binds to a silica interface and that there is no binding to an alumina interface. These observ ations are
consistent with the crystallog. structure of Mo- CBP3-4, which is one of the main isoforms of the Mo- CBP3 fraction. The results are
put in context of previous studies of the properties of the crude extract This work shows possible routes to development of
separation processes that would be based on the specific properties of individual proteins.
Keywords: water purification Moringa oleifera protein sequence crystal structure; Mass spectro metry; Moringa oleifera seeds ;
Neutron reflectometry; Water treatment; X-ray diffraction
157
Field-grown Moringa oleifera response to boron fertilization: Yield component, chemical composition
of seed -oil and physiology
By: Zheng, Yixing; Wu, Jiangchong; Peng, Xingmin; Zhang, Yanping

Industrial Crops and Products (2019), 138, 111449 | Language: English, Database: CAplus
The present study is performed to evaluate the effects of boron fertilization on yield component, chem. compos ition of seed -oil
and physiol. of Moringa oleifera . The results showed that all S D and FS treatments, to varying degrees, improved the chlorophyll
and carotenoid contents, as well as the relative water content and nitrate reductase activity in the leaves. All B treatments increased
the number of seeds per fruit pod , the weight of seeds and fruit pods ; the fruit pod length was also significantly increased.
Except for TS3, all of the B treatments markedly improved the yield of fruit pods (from 15.40% to 21.70%), but only TF2 and TF3
treatments resulted in a significant increase in the yield of seeds (13.40% and 18.50%, resp.) compared with the control treatment.
All of the B treatments increased crude protein content in seeds of M. oleifera , while only TF2 and TF3 treatments significantly
increased the oleic acid (C18:1) and eicosenoic acid (C20: 1) contents and decreased the α- linen acid (C18: 3) content of seed oil.
These findings indicate that boron at an appropriate concentration could steadily improve the vitality and fertility of pollen and
increase in the fruit-setting, but B foliar spraying showed a better effect on the reprod uctive growth and resulted in signifi cantly
higher yields of fruit pods and seeds than soil drenching with B. Our data suggested that the optimum dose of soil drench was 0.9
g plant-1, while the best dosage of foliar spray could be over 1000 mg L- 1.
Keywords: Moringa foliar spray boron fertilizer fruit seed

158
Method for regulating production of selenium-enriched Moringa oleifera seed in Guangxi
Assignee: Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences

The Guangxi selenium-enriched sage seed production regulating method includes: selecting planting areas with fertile soil,
sufficient sunshine and good irrigation conditions, planting the Moringa oleifera tree using 100 kg of organic fertil izer, 60-80 kg
calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer, and 50-100 kg of selenium organic fertil izer; preventing occurrence of Moringa oleifera
rot using well-behaved fruit pods when the pod grows to a diameter of about 0.8 cm, spraying 50% of carben dazim and flower
stimulating agent, spraying the drugs for every 30 days. The present invention discloses a Guangxi selenium- enriched sage seed
production regulating method having important guiding significance in planting of the moringa oleifera seeds , and capable of
reducing occurrence of Moringa oleifera fruit rot.
Keywords: selenium organic calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer carbendazim Moringa
available
159
Modulatory effects of different exercise modalities on the functional connectivity of the

periaqueductal grey and ventral tegmental area in patients with knee osteoarthritis: a randomised
multimodal magnetic resonance imaging study.
By: Liu, Jiao; Chen, Lidian; Chen, Xiangli; Hu, Kun; Tu, Youxue; Lin, Meiqin; Huang, Jia; Liu, Weilin; Wu, Jinsong; Qiu, Zhijie; et al
British journal of anaesthesia (2019), 123(4), 506-518 | Language: English, Database: MEDLINE
BACKGROUND: Knee osteoarthritis is a prevalent disorder with unsatis factory treatment options. Both physical and mindful
exercises may be able to relieve its pain symptoms. We compared the modulatory effects of different exercise modalities on the
periaqueductal grey (PAG) and ventral tegmental area (VTA), which play important roles in descending opioid ergic pathways and
reward/motivation systems in patients with knee osteoart hritis. METHODS: We recruited and randomised 140 patients into Tai Chi,
Baduanjin, stationary cycling, and health education control groups for 12 weeks. Knee injury and Osteoar thritis Outcome Score (KO
OS), functional and structural MRI, and blood biomarkers were measured at the beginning and end of the experi ment. We used the
PAG and VTA as seeds in resting-state functional connectivity (rsFC) analysis. RESULTS: Compared with the control group: (i) all
exercises significantly increased K OOS pain sub-scores (pain reduction) and serum programmed death 1 (P D-1) concentrations; (ii)
all exercises decreased right PAG rsFC with the medial orbital prefrontal cortex, and the decreased rs FC was associated with
improvements in knee pain; and (iii) grey matter volume in the medial orbital prefrontal cortex was signifi cantly increased in all
exercise groups. There was also significantly decreased rsFC between the left V TA and the medial orbital prefrontal cortex in the
Tai Chi and Baduanjin groups. CONCLUSIONS: Exercise can simultaneously modulate the rsFC of the descending opioid ergic
pathway and reward/motivation system and blood inflam mation markers. Elucidating the shared and unique mechanisms of
different exercise modalities may facilitate the development of exercise -based interventions for chronic pain. C LINICAL TRIAL REGI
STRATION: ChiCTR-IOR-16009308.
Keywords: descending pain modulation; dopamine; inflammation; knee osteoarthritis; mind–body intervention; physical exercise ;
resting-state functional connectivity

160
Mo-CBP3, a 2S albumin from Moringa oleifera , is a complex mixture of isoforms that arise from
different post-translational modifications
By: Freire, Jose E. C.; Moreno, Frederico B. M. B.; Monteiro-Junior, Jose E.; Sousa, Antonio J. S.; Vasconcelos, Ilka M.; Oliveira, Jose T. A.
; Monteiro-Moreira, Ana C. O.; Rocha, Bruno A. M.; Grangeiro, Thalles B.
Plant Physiology and Biochemistry (Issy-les-Moulineaux, France) (2019), 140, 68-77 | Language: English, Database: CAplus and
MEDLINE
Mo-CBP3 is a chitin-binding 2S albumin from Moringa oleifera . This seed storage protein is resistant to thermal denatu ration and
shows biol. activities that might be of practical use, such as antifungal properties against Candida sp., a pathogen that causes candid
iasis, and against Fusarium solani, a soil fungus that can cause diseases in plants and humans. Previous work has demonstrated
that Mo-CBP3 is a mixture of isoforms encoded by members of a small multigene family. Mature Mo- CBP3 is a small protein (∼14 k
Da), constituted by a small chain of approx. 4 k Da and a large chain of 8 k Da, which are held together by disulfide bridges. However,
a more comprehensive picture on the spectrum of Mo- CBP3 isoforms which are found in mature seeds , is still lacking. In this work ,
genomic DNA fragments were obtained from M. oleifera leaves, cloned and completely sequenced, thus revealing new genes
encoding Mo-CBP3. Moreover, mass spectrometry anal. showed that the mature protein is a complex mixture of isoforms with a
remarkable number of mol. mass variants. Using computational predictions and calculations, most (∼86%) of the exptl. determined
masses were assigned to amino acid sequences deduced from DNA fragments. The results suggested that the complex mixture of
Mo-CBP3 isoforms originates from proteins encoded by closely related genes, whose products undergo different combin ations of
distinct post-translational modifications, including cleavage at the N- and C- terminal ends of both subunits, cycliz ation of N-terminal
Gln, as well as Pro hydroxylation, Ser/Thr phosphorylation, and Met oxidation
Keywords: Moringa leat seed CBP3 2S albumin post transla tional modification; Post-translational modifications; Prolamin superf
amily; Seed storage proteins

161
Zero-valent silver nanoparticles attenuate Cd and Pb toxicities on Moringa oleifera via immobilization
and induction of phytochemicals
By: Azeez, Luqmon ; Adejumo, Ayoade L.; Lateef, Agbaje; Adebisi, Segun A.; Adetoro, Rasheed O.; Adewuyi, Sulaimon O.; Tijani,
Kazeem O.; Olaoye, Samuel
Plant Physiology and Biochemistry (Issy-les-Moulineaux, France) (2019), 139, 283-292 | Language: English, Database: CAplus and
MEDLINE
Potentials of zero-valent extract of cocoa pod mediated silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) for heavy metals (cadmium and lead) immobili
zation, attenuation of induced toxicities and influence on phytochem. contents in Moringa oleifera were investigated. M. oleifera
seeds were planted in soil spiked and watered with water (control) , 0.2 mg Ag NPs, 0.5 mg Cd Cl2, 0.5 mg PbCl2, 0.2 mg Ag NPs + 0.5
mg CdCl2, 0.2 mg Ag NPs + 0.5 mg Pb Cl2, 0.2 mg Ag NPs + 0.75 mg Cd Cl2 and 0.2 mg Ag NPs + 0.75 mg Pb Cl2 per g soil designated as
groups A, B, C, D, E, F, G and H resp. Significant (p < 0.05) repression in shoot and root lengths, percentage germin ation, number of
leaves, vigor and growth tolerance indexes, relative water contents with attendant inhibition of photosynthetic pigments, total
carotenoid contents, total flavonoid contents and total phenolic contents were obtained for M. oleifera planted on Cd and Pb
spiked soil. There were marked decrease in ferric reducing, hydrogen peroxide scavenging and free radical scavenging activities
with resultant significant increase in lipid peroxidation (MDA) levels for M. oleifera grown on Cd and Pb treated soil compared to
control with Pb having more deleterious effects. Results in this study have shown Ag NPs as excellent immobilizing agents and
outstanding modulators of heavy metal induced toxicities.
Keywords: Moringa silver nanoparticle cadmium lead toxicity immobilization phytochem; AgNPs; Germination indices; Immobili
zation; Moringa oleifera ; Translocation factor

162
In vitro digestion and fermentation characteristics of tropical ingredients, co-products and by-
products with potential use in diets for rabbits
By: Ferreira, Felipe Norberto Alves; Ferreira, Walter Motta; Inacio, Diogo Felipe da Silva; Silva Neta, Clarice Speridiao; Mota, Katiuscia
Cristina das Neves ; Costa, Martolino Barbosa da Junior; Rocha, Leonardo Francisco da; Caicedo, Willan Orlando
Animal Feed Science and Technology (2019), 252, 1-10 | Language: English, Database: CAplus
The objective of this work was to evaluate and classify 16 tropical ingred ients, co-products and byproducts with potential use in
rabbit feeding. We evaluated alfalfa hay, maize, wheat bran, soybean meal, crumbled maize with straw and cob (CMSC), soybean
hull, citrus pulp, sugarcane bagasse, coffee husk, macauba seed cake meal (Acrocomia aculeata; M SCM), desmanthus hay
(Desmanthus virgatus), sicklepod hay (Senna obtusifolia), neem hay (Azadirachta indica), Sodom apple hay (Calotropis procera),
Barbados gooseberry hay (Pereskia aculeata) and moringa hay ( Moringa oleifera ). Chem., were quantified dry matter (DM), crude
protein (CP), ether extract (EE), neutral detergent fiber (aNDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF) and their nitrogen content (N DIN and A DI
N, resp.), lignins, hemicelluloses, cellulose and non-fiber carbohydrates (NFC). Were evaluated the in vitro digesti bility (ivDMdig) and
degradability (ivDMdeg) of DM, and fermentation parameters, maximum amount of gas produced (B, m L/g DM), specific rate of gas
production (C), decay of the specific rate of gas production (A) , maximum fermentation rate (MFR, mL/h), time for maximum fermen
tation rate (TMFR, h) and latency time (LAG, h), using caecal inoculum for the in vitro evalua tions. Were performed the hierarchical
clustering on principal components (HCPC) of the data collected in the in vitro evalua tions and obtained the matrix containing
Pearson's correlation coefficients between the chem. compos ition and the in vitro parame ters. The values of DM, CP, Ash, E E, aNDF,
ADF, lignins, hemicell uloses, cellulose, NDIN, ADIN, GE and N FC ranged from 857 to 906 g/kg, 22.9- 552 g/kg DM, 7.0-153 g/kg, 5.26-
136 g/kg DM, 204-697 g/kg DM, 20.6-493 g/kg DM, 2.27-226 g/kg DM, 73-443 g/kg DM, 18.3-437 g/kg DM, 25.3-395 g/kg CP, 19.9-227
g/kg CP, 13.3-21.7 MJ/kg and 38.9-690 g/kg, resp. The results for iv DMdig, ivDMdeg, B, C, A, TMFR, MFR and LAG ranged from 0.21 to
0.84, 0.22 a 0.67, 79.9-348 mL/g DM, 2.75-4.44, 0.08 to 0.30, 8.58-38.8 h, 2.99-9.32 mL/h and 0.07-6.51 h, resp. The results of the H C
PC anal. determined the classification of the feeds into four groups: Group I contain sugarcane bagasse, coffee husk and citrus pulp;
Group II contain soybean hull, desmanthus hay, M SCM, moringa hay and Barbados gooseberry hay; Group I II contain alfalfa hay,
Sodom apple hay, soybean meal, wheat bran, sicklepod hay and neem hay and Group IV contain maize and C MCS.
Keywords: maize soybean meal digestion fermentation diet

163
Treatments and uses of Moringa oleifera seeds in human nutrition: A review.
By: Saa, Romuald Willy; Fombang, Edith Nig ; Ndjantou, Elie Baudelaire; Njintang, Nicolas Yanou
Food science & nutrition (2019), 7(6), 1911-1919 | Language: English, Database: MEDLINE
This work reviews treatments and uses of Moringa oleifera seeds in human nutrition. Moringa oleifera seeds are considerable
sources of proteins (mean 19%) and lipids (mean 31%). Previous reports presented the nutrit ional properties of the seeds and oil.
Moringa seeds are sources of lipids, and their removal leads to Moringa seed flour with a high protein content which might play a
role in food technology and human nutrition. Moringa oil has been tested in frying and was found to be more stable than
groundnut oil; its incorporation in groundnut at level lower than 10% improved on the accepta bility of chips. Several treatments like
roasting, germination, and boiling have been applied to Moringa seeds to produce flour with improved nutrit ional properties. In
particular, defatted Moringa flour has been applied in different formul ations including cakes, cookies, burgers, infant porridges.
Generally, the products deriving from the flour were more stable in conservation and well accepted for low substi tution while high
substitution increased the bitterness. Notwithstanding their high content in protein and oil, defatted M. oleifera seed flour and oil
are still fairly investigated in order to envisage their integr ation in the food habits of people. The present wrote up reviews the
treatments applied on M. oleifera seeds and applications of the defatted M. oleifera flour and oil in food systems for human
nutrition.
Keywords: Moringa oleifera seeds ; food applications; moringa flour; moringa oil; technological treatments
164
One kind of goose for artificial insemination method
Assignees: Jiangsu Agri-animal Husbandry Vocational College; Jiangsu Sci-tech Garden of Modern Animal Husbandry
[Machine Translation of Descriptors]. The invention discloses a kind of geese, most preferably sperm acquis ition and discloses
method. Using this method to obtain Eugenics comparison of goose varieties, in this process, the specific conditions of sperm,
sperm count comparing and choose the most active excellent population as Eugenics breeding geese. Then carry out induced
breeding farms in formula. Added in feed is rich in selenium, zinc, iron and other elements, and auxiliary herbs with vitamin E;
advance fill light irradiation, extend into Male goose ahead of time, make the growth period; carry out physical exercise , extend
goose continuous insemination. By the above method, improve Male goose seed with performance and egg fertilization rate.

165
Acetaminophen adsorption using a low-cost adsorbent prepared from modified residues of Moringa
oleifera Lam. seed husks
By: Quesada, Heloise B.; Cusioli, Luis Fernando; Bezerra, Charleston de O.; Baptista, Aline T. A.; Nishi, Leticia; Gomes, Raquel G.;
Bergamasco, Rosangela
Journal of Chemical Technology and Biotechnology (2019), 94(10), 3147-3157 | Language: English, Database: CAplus
The high consumption of acetaminophen leads to high concentrations in surface water causing impacts on aquatic organisms,
which is highlighting the need for investigation of alternative water and wastewater treatments. Therefore, the present study
objective was to evaluate the adsorption capacity of acetaminophen onto Moringa oleifera Lam. seed husks after chem. and
thermal treatment. The characterization of the adsorbent revelaed heterogeneous morphol. with the presence of micro- and
mesopores. Adsorption studies showed that the adsorption did not altered between pH 3 and 9, and that there was no signif icant
effect of the ionic strength, indicating that the mechanism does not involve electrostatic interactions. In fact, Fourier transform
infrard spectra showed that acetaminophen was adsorbed by hydrogen bonds and p- stacking. The kinetic data were adjusted to
the pseudo-first-order model, indicating an equilibrium time of 18 h. The equilibrium study showed that adsorption occurred in a
monolayer and was favored by the increase in temperature The maximum adsorption capacity was 17.48 mg g -1, at 318 K, higher
than some capacities found in the literature. The thermodn. parameters indicated that the process was sponta neous, endothermic
and phys. The characteristics and results found compared to the recent literature verified the possibility of applying this residue as
a low-cost adsorbent for the removal of acetami nophen.
Keywords: acetaminophen adsorption adsorbent Moringa seed husk wastewater treatment
166
Characterization of the Chemical Composition of Chinese Moringa oleifera Seed Oil
By: Zhao, Beibei ; Li, Hua; Lan, Tao; Wu, Di; Chen, Zhicheng
Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society (2019), 96(5), 523-533 | Language: English, Database: CAplus
This work focused on physic ochem. property assaying, fatty acid compos ition, triacylglycerol (TAG) profiles, and unsaponifiable
matter composition of the Chinese Moringa oleifera seed oil. The results indicated that there was no signif icant difference in
approx. nutritional components between M. oleifera seeds from China and India, while variations in the mineral element contents
are significant. Both the Soxhlet extraction method and the aqueous enzymic extraction method were adopted to extract oil from
Chinese M. oleifera seeds . Oil yield obtained using the Soxhlet extraction method was higher than that obtained using the
aqueous enzymic extraction method. While both the iodine value and unsaponifiable matter content of the aqueous enzymic
extracted oil were a little higher than that of the Soxhlet extracted oil. Both oils possess a very low acid value and peroxide value,
suggesting their good quality as edible oil. Fatty acid composition results indicated that this oil was especially high in oleic acid.
Characterization of the TAG composition was achieved by a two- dimensional high-performance liquid chromatog. (HPLC) coupling of
nonaqueous reverse-phase and silver ion HPLC with the atm. pressure chem. ionization mass spectr ometry method. A total of 22 T
AG including 16 regioisomers were determined Composition results of unsaponifiable matters revealed that this oil possesses a
number of phytosterols, in which β-sitosterol and stigma sterol are most predominant.
Keywords: Moringa oleifera oil fatty acid triacylg lycerol

167
Protein fractionation of Moringa oleifera Lam. seeds and functionalization with magnetic particles for
the treatment of reactive black 5 solution
By: Reck, Isabela Maria; Baptista, Aline Takaoka Alves; Paixao, Rebecca Manesco; Bergamasco, Rosangela; Vieira, Marcelo
Fernandes; Vieira, Angelica Marquetotti Salcedo
Canadian Journal of Chemical Engineering (2019), 97(8), 2309-2317 | Language: English, Database: CAplus
Industrial effluents are sewage from industrial processes, such as polluted cooling waters and waters used for cleaning. It is
extremely important that these contaminated waters undergo treatment to allow for water reuse or safe disposal, without damage
to the environment. In the present work , the efficacy of coagulating/flocculating aqueous solutions containing reactive black 5 (RB5)
dye was evaluated using protein fractions derived from Moringa oleifera seeds (albumin and globulin) as natural coagulants
functionalized with iron oxide magnetic nanoparticles. The application of a magnetic field during sedimen tation allowed for faster
settlement of the dye particles and their separation Variations in parameters such as the protein concentration, nanoparticle
concentration, solution pH, dye concentration, and the presence or absence of an alkalizing agent were assessed. Moreover, the
sedimentation time was analyzed with and without the magnetic field and with the reuse of iron oxide nanopar ticles. The functio
nalized magnetic coagulants were able to remove more than 90% of R B5 dye within 5 min of sedimentation.
Keywords: Moringa seed reactive black solution protein fractio nation magnetic particle
168
Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of the crude extracts of Moringa oleifera from Kenya and
their correlations with flavonoids
By: Xu, Yong-Bing; Chen, Gui-Lin; Guo, Ming-Quan

Moringa oleifera Lam. (M. oleifera ) is commonly distributed and utilized in tropical and subtropical areas. There has been a large
number of reports on the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity of its leaves, but only a few about its seeds and roots. Hence,
in this work we aimed to systema tically compare the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of the ethanol crude extracts of
leaves, seeds , and roots of M. oleifera from Kenya, and further correlate the differ ential activities with the chem. constituents from
these three parts. The antioxidant activities were measured by using three different assays (D PPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl), AB
TS (2,2′-azinobis-(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) and F RAP (Ferric-Reducing Antioxidant Power), resp.). Results showed that
the leaf extracts displayed the highest DPPH radical scavenging and F RAP total reducing power activities with IC50 values of 1.02 ±
0.13 mg/mL and 0.99 ± 0.06 m M Fe2+/g, resp.; the leaf and root extracts exhibited potential A BTS radical scavenging activities with
the IC50 values of 1.36 ± 0.02 and 1.24 ± 0.03 mg/m L. Meanwhile, the leaf and seed extracts (11.1-100 μg/mL) also exerted obvious
anti-inflammatory activities, as indicated by the inhibition of N O production To further reveal correl ations between these differ
ential activities with the chem. constituents in the three organs, the total flavonoids content (T FC) of the three different extracts
were evaluated, and the TFC of leaves, seeds and roots were found to be 192.36 ± 2.96, 5.89 ± 0.65 and 106.79 ± 2.12 mg rutin
equivalent (RE)/g, resp. These findings indicated the important impacts of the total flavonoid contents on antiox idant and anti-inflam
matory activities. Addnl., we further determined the phytochem. profiles of M. oleifera by HPLC-UV/ESI-MS/MS, and identified most
of the chem. constituents of leaves as flavon oids. In summary, the leaves of M. oleifera are a better potential natural source of
antioxidants and anti-inflammatory agents, and very promising for develo pment into the health promoting dietary supple ments.
Keywords: Moringa crude extract flavonoid antiox idant anti inflammatory activity; Moringa oleifera ; anti-inflammatory; antiox
idant; flavonoids; phytochemical profile

169
Elemental status of the medicinal plant- Moringa oleifera
By: Raju, R. Selva; Sakuntala, P.; Jaleeli, Kaleem Ahmed

Journal of Applicable Chemistry (Lumami, India) (2019), 8(2), 491-495 | Language: English, Database: CAplus
Different elements at trace levels of plants play an effective role in the medicines prepared Characterization of elements in different
parts of Moringa oleifera including leaves, stems and seeds has been studied using Scanning Electron Microscope (S EM) with an
energy dispersive x-ray spectrometer (EDX). The present paper work highlights the elemental profile of this plant. Anal. was carried
out for individual plant part (leaves, stems and seeds ) of Moringa oleifera . The plant samples were found to contain essential
elements such as sodium, magnesium, calcium, potassium, copper and zinc which are well known for their important roles in herbal
drugs. Most of the medicinal plants were found to be rich in one or more of the essential elements under study. The obtained data
will be helpful for making medicinal formulation and deciding dosage of the medicine made from this plant.
Keywords: Moringa elemental status leaf stem seed medicinal plant
170
Potential of the Moringa oleifera saline extract for the treatment of dairy wastewater: application of
the response surface methodology
By: Formentini-Schmitt, Dalila Maria; Fagundes-Klen, Marcia Regina; Veit, Marcia Teresinha; Palacio, Soraya Moreno; Trigueros,
Daniela Estelita Goes; Bergamasco, Rosangela; Mateus, Gustavo Affonso Pisano
In this work , the coagulation/flocculation/sedimentation treatment of dairy wastewater samples was invest igated through serial
factorial designs utilizing the saline extract obtained from Moringa oleifera ( Moringa ) as a coagulant. The sedimen tation time (ST),
pH, Moringa coagulant (MC) dose and concent ration of CaCl2 have been evaluated through the response surface methodol. in
order to obtain the ideal turbidity removal (TR) conditions. The empirical quadratic model, in conjun ction with the desirability
function, demonstrated that it is possible to obtain T Rs of 98.35% using a coagulant dose, concent ration of CaCl2 and pH of 280 mg
L-1, 0.8 mol L -1 and 9, resp. The saline extract from Moringa presented its best efficiency at an alk. p H, which influenced the
reduction of the ST to a value of 25 min. It was verified that the increase in the solubility of the proteins in the Moringa stimulated
the reduction of the coagulant content in the reaction medium, and it is related to the use of calcium chloride as an extracting
agent of these proteins. The MC proved to be an excellent alternative for the dairy wastewater treatment, compared to the tradit
ional coagulants.
Keywords: Moringa saline extract response surface methodol dairy wastewater treatment; calcium chloride; coagulati on/flocc
ulation; dairy wastewater; pH

171
Use of Moringa oleifera seed extracts to polish effluents from natural systems treating faecal sludge
By: Ngandjui Tchangoue, Yvan Anderson; Djumyom Wafo, Guy Valerie; Wanda, Christian; Soh Kengne, Ebenezer; Kengne, Ives
Magloire; Kouam Fogue, Simeon
The removal of pathogens in irrigation water is of great importance in developing countries. Indeed, wastewater generally reused
for agriculture in countries such as Cameroon is associated with health and environ mental concerns. Recent studies have shown a
strong disinfectant action of the natural coagulant from the seeds of Moringa oleifera . These findings have raised the question
whether or not they can be used to polish effluents from natural systems treating faecal sludge. This paper deals with trials carried
out to investigate the effect of these extracts in reducing faecal indicators from initially treated faecal sludge leachate. Bacteriol. and
physico-chem. parameters were used to determine the optimum conditions and assess treatment efficacy. Settling time of 3 h at a
concentration of extracts between 267 and 333 mg/L permitted to reduce Escher ichia coli and faecal coliforms from 4.85 to 3.92
ulog (86.74%) and from 5.75 to 4.87 ulog (86.39%) resp. with 1 ulog equal to 90%. For the same settling time and at a concentration
of 333 mg/L, faecal streptococci were removed from 6.40 to 5.67 ulog (81.33%) . This level of removal suggests that this natural
coagulant cannot be used alone for disinfection of heavily loaded effluent. Further investi gations are therefore still needed to fulfil
the Cameroon and WHO guidelines for safe reuse in agricu lture.
Keywords: Moringa seed extract effluent polishing fecal sludge leachate treatment; developing country; faecal sludge; wastewater
treatment; water reuse
172
Ethnopharmacological review of drum stick ( Moringa oleifera ): prevalently used as an alternative

medicine
By: Sodhi, Gunjan; Das, Saumya; Mazumder, Avijit; Rana, Sumit Kumar
Research Journal of Pharmaceutical, Biological and Chemical Sciences (2019), 10(3), 458-468 | Language: English, Database: CAplus
A review. Moringa oleifera , or the horseradish tree , is a pan-tropical species that is known by such regional names as benzolive,
drumstick tree, kelor, marango, nébéday, saijhan, and sajna. Over the past two centuries, many reports have appeared in scientific
journals describing the nutritional and medicinal properties of it. Its utility as a non- food product has also been widely explained it
is used as lumber, charcoal, water clarification, lubricating oil. Different parts of the plant contains essential minerals and are a good
source of protein, vitamin, amino acids and various phenolic compounds. It has more than 40 natural anti-oxidants. Moringa has
been used by ancient kings and queens in their diet for mental alertness and healthy skin. The leaves, pods , seeds , gums, barks
and flowers of Moringa are used in more than 80 countries to relieve mineral and vitamin deficie ncies, support a healthy cardiov
ascular system, promote normal blood- glucose levels, neutralize free radicals {thereby reducing malign ancy}, provide excellent
support of the body's anti-flammatory mechanisms, enrich anemic blood and support immune system. It also improves eyesight,
mental alertness and bone strength. It has potential benefit in malnutrition, general weakness, lactating mothers, menopause,
depression. There is a need to explore therap eutic, nutritional and benefit of this gift of nature reported to be one of the world's
most useful tree. The present review is intended to create public awareness regarding benefits of an edible plant Moringa which is
also known as miracle tree so they may inculcate it in their daily diet.
Keywords: review Moringa nutritional use alternative medicine

173
Optimisation of temperature and time for the dark germination bioprocess of Moringa oleifera seeds
to boost nutritional value, total phenolic content and antioxidant activity
By: Leon-Lopez, L.; Banuelos-Pina, A. M.; Reyes-Moreno, C.; Milan-Carrillo, J.; Contreras-Andrade, I.; Sanchez-Magana, L. M.; Cuevas-
Rodriguez, E. O.
International Food Research Journal (2019), 26(3), 831-839 | Language: English, Database: CAplus
The aim of the present work was to determine the best dark germination conditions to obtain germinated moringa (Moringa
oleifera ) seeds with increased nutritional and antioxidant properties. Response surface methodol. (R SM), based on a central
composite rotatable design, was performed to optimize the germination temperature (25-40°C) and germination time (24-360 h) in
order to maximize crude protein content (CPC), total phenolic compounds (T PC) and antioxidant activity (AoxA) of moringa seeds .
According to regression models, higher values of CPC, TPC and AoxA were observed at 30°C and 336 h of germin ation. Dark germin
ation of moringa seeds under the abovementioned conditions did not affect C PC (25.05 ± 0.50 g/100 g (dw )) but increased TPC
(209.64 to 271.67 mg GAE/100 g (dw )) and AoxA (8759.64 to 10972.19μmol TE/100 g (dw )), while some antinutritional components
significantly decreased when compared with unproc essed moringa seeds . The optimized germinated moringa seeds could be
used as a source of natural antioxidants and protein in the formul ation of functional foods.
Keywords: Moringa seed dark germination temperature nutritional value antiox idant activity
174
Influence of coagulant Moringa oleifera seed extract on reduction of Toxoplasma gondii oocysts and
viability of Toxocara spp. eggs in water
By: Beletini, Lucimara Fatima; Nishi, Leticia; Sant'Ana, Priscilla de Laet; Henriqu, Luis; Muniz, Garcia; Evangelista, Fernanda Ferreira;
Cardim, Sergio; Garcia, Joao Luis; Mantelo, Francini Martini; Falavigna-Guilherme, Ana Lucia
Desalination and Water Treatment (2019), 167, 38-44 | Language: English, Database: CAplus
This work provides insights of coagulant Moringa oleifera (MO) and aluminum sulfate (A S) on reduction of Toxoplasma gondii
oocysts and viability of Toxocara spp. eggs in water. Raw (RW) and distilled water (DW) samples were added with 106 oocysts and
800 eggs L-1, before coagulation/ flocculation/sedimentation process, the samples were analyzed for oocyst s/eggs removal, and
eggs viability. The qPCR demonstrated that MO reduced 87.9% and A S, 97.8% of oocysts. Due to their high d., the reduction of eggs
was 99%-100%. The eggs viability demonstrates that MO was able to reduce the infective eggs and increase the number of free
larvae (non-infecting). In electronic microscopy, a thinner M O layer was observed on the eggs. M O was able to reduce 72.2% of
turbidity in RW, while AS reduced 95.8%. M O reduced the quantity of T. gondii oocysts and viability of Toxocara eggs, consequ ently,
the transmission, being useful, low cost, and biodegradable coagulant.
Keywords: Moringa Toxoplasma Toxocara seed extract coagulation water treatment

175
Comparative study of essential elements in parts of Moringa oleifera plant as promedicine
By: James, D. O.; Maaji, S. P.; Gimba, C. G.; Tsaku, J. E.; Kevin, E. U.
Journal of Applied Sciences and Environmental Management (2019), 23(8), 1491-1495 | Language: English, Database: CAplus
This study presents the mineral composition of the parts of Moringa oleifera in Zaria. Samples of the parts were wet digested and
analyzed for various minerals using Varian Instrument AA240FS for the at. absorption spectrophotometry (AAS). The contents of Zn,
Fe, Ca, Cu and Mg in the parts (roots, stem barks, pods , seed cases/shell, seeds and leaves) of Moringa oleifera were found to be
0.096, 0.872, 12.317, 0.008 and 2.076 mg/g in the roots resp.; 0.022, 0.412, 0.29.397, 0.005, and 3.729 mg/g in the stem barks resp.;
0.021, 0.017, 8.048, 0.003 and 1.827 mg/g in the pods resp.; 0.019, 0.056, 6.467, 0.002, and 1.551 mg/g in the seed cases/shells
resp.; 0.017, 0.029, 4.217, 0.001 and 1.616 mg/g in the seeds resp. and in the leaves 0.017, 0.205, 19.974, 0.005 and 2.494 mg/g
resp. The contents of different minerals in the parts of M. oleifera varied from parts to parts. This variation in the contents of
various minerals within the parts might be attributed to the variable uptake of minerals by the plant material and variable agro-
climatic conditions of the subject region. The results of the present anal. revealed that parts of M. oleifera contained a considerably
high amount of Zn, Fe, Ca, Cu and Mg that can be used as a viable supplement of medicinal and dietary minerals which makes it a
promising pro-medicine.
Keywords: essential element promedicine Moringa
176
Phytonutrients: Moringa oleifera leaf extracts an incredible health super food supplement
By: Rajendran, A.; Sudeshraj, R.; Sureshkumar, S.

Pharma Innovation (2019), 8(2-A), 29-33 | Language: English, Database: CAplus
A review: Herbs have been used for centuries to treat various ailments without any side effects. Moringa oleifera Lam., (MO) is a
good source of phytochems. having a wide range of impending applic ations in medicine and dietary supplement prepar ations MO
has the following properties like antibacterial, antioxidant and protease inhibition proper ties. The MO plant parts ( seeds , fruits
pods , flowers) are said to hold several medicinal values through the leaves are thought to be major medicinal values. M O
possesses antiinflammatory, hepatoprotective, antinociceptive, oxidative DNA damage protective, antiperoxidative, and cardio
protective effects. These properties attributed due to the MO herb contain various functional bioactive components including,
flavonoids, alkaloids, natural sugars. M O is rich in protein, vitamins, minerals, amino acids, phenolic acids and phytost erols. Thus M
O has become a prominent herb with several therap eutic values. Hence, the present study provides a compreh ensive report on MO
and its therapeutic values. In addition, the scope for the future perspe ctives of MO is also discussed.
Keywords: review Moringa leaf phytonutrient food supplement

177
A pharmacological review on Moringa oleifera
By: Ravindra, Anap Vyatai; Rao, Priya S.; Sdheshwar, S. S.

World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research (2019), 8(8), 910-920 | Language: English, Database: CAplus
A review. Moringa oleifera is known for its nutrit ional and numerous medicinal uses that have been apprec iated for centuries in
many parts of habitat and introduced ranges. Moringa oleifera is a tree that grows widely in many tropical and subtro pical
countries. It belongs to Moringaceae family. In addition to its high nutritional value, these plant is very important for its medicinal
value. Various parts of these plant such as leaves, roots, seed , fruit, bark, flowers and immature pods act as cardiac and circul atory
stimulants, possess antitumor, antipyretic, antiinflammatory, antiulcer, antispasmodic, diuretic, antihypertensive. Moringa oleifera
has been reported to possess analgesic, antioxidant, anti-cancer, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory effect. Stem bark of this plant,
has been traditionally used for anti-inflammatory purposes and other pharmacol. disorders.
Keywords: review Moringa antioxidant analgesic antipyretic anticancer agent
178
Effect of foliar spray of growth regulator, micronutrient and chemical in different methods of
propagation on growth and yield parameters of ratoon crop of annual Moringa (Moringa olifera Lam.)
cv. PKM 1
By: Monisha, S.; Geetharani, P.; Geetha, R.; Venkatesan, K.

International Journal of Chemical Studies (2019), 7(3), 2926-2929 | Language: English, Database: CAplus
An investigation was carried out to study the effect of foliar spray of growth regulator, micronu trient and chem. in different
methods of propagation on growth, flowering and pod setting percentage of ratoon crop of annual moringa (Moringa olifera Lam.)
cv. PKM 1 in Horticultural college & Research Institute, Periya kulam, Tamil Nadu. Treatments consist of N AA (20 and 40 ppm), boric
acid (0.1 and 0.2%) and potassium schoenite (0.2 and 0.4%) foliar spray at 90 and 180 days after ratooning. Results revealed that
growth parameters such as tree height, leaf area and chlorophyll content were found to be higher in N AA 20 ppm and the
beneficial effect of NAA 20 ppm and boric acid 0.2% towards the fruit set of moringa .
Keywords: Moringa growth regulator yield micronu trient propagation

179
Comparative effects of conventional and non-conventional flocculants and disinfectants on microbial

contaminants in water purification
By: Omiyale, F. B.; Ekundayo, F. O.

Journal of Advances in Microbiology (2019), 18(3), No pp. given | Language: English, Database: CAplus
This work compares the effect of alum, a conven tional flocculant to the bioflocculant isolated from Bacillus subtilis and Moringa
oleifera seed powder (non conventional bioflocculants) and chlorine as disinf ectant on microbial contaminants in water purifi
cation Bioflocculant was purified from the sand sediments of Onyearu gbulem market, jar test method was used in bioflocc ulating
activity and dosage. Bioflocculant purified from Bacillus subtilis isolated from the sediments of Onyearu gbulem market stream
inhibited the growth of coliform for well, stream and abattoir waste water samples. On the other hand, alum sulfate when
compared with bioflocculant at a dosage level of 200 mg for well and stream waters and 800 mg for abattoir waste water yielded
flocculating activities of 87.33%, 78.42% and 24.60%. This indicates that purified biofloc culant was more effective than alum sulfate.
Bioflocculant produced from Bacillus subtilis should be exploited in water treatment. Moringa oleifera seed powder exhibited both
flocculating and disinfecting potentials in water treatment but not effective in the treatment of abattoir waste water.
Keywords: flocculant disinfectant water purification Bacillus
180
Treatment of water with Moringa oleifera as a coagulant
By: Narender, B. Raja; Akshitha, K.; Prashanth, A.; Reddy, Y. Saileela; Saketh, A.
It is in this light that project is carrying out to confirm the effectiveness of powder extracted from mature dried Moringa oleifera
seeds which is commonly available in most rural areas. Model turbid water was treated by coagul ation, flocculation and sedimen
tation with Moringa oleifera seeds powder as a coagulant, using jar tests. The quality of water is analyzed and compared with that
of the water with alum. Experiments were conducted at various dosages. To evaluate the antimic robial activity and efficiency of a
natural absorbent from Moringa oleifera seeds in treating water by physic ochem. methods. Turbidity, p H, alkalinity, jar test,
conductivity, chlorides and total coliform test was performed. The specific objectives is to establish the best dose of powder
Moringa oleifera seeds that best removes different parameters from water and to compare between the Moringa seed powder
and the selected com. sold water treatment chems. M. Oleifera works as a coagulant due to the pos. charge, water soluble
proteins which bind with neg. charges particles allowing the formation of flocks to settle to the bottom or be removed by filtration
sand and it is accepted that treatment with Moringa oleifera seed solution will remove 90- 99% of impurities in water.
Keywords: Moringa oleifera water turbidity coagulant

181
Democratic republic of congo moringa seeds oil extraction: kunyima method application
By: Kunyima, A. B.; Kaseya, H. M.; Ntumba, M. D.; Lusamba, S. N.

International Research Journal of Pure and Applied Chemistry (2019), 18(3), IRJPAC.47651/1-IRJPAC.47651/10 | Language: English,
Database: CAplus
Background: The poisoning, one of the nowadays most serious problem of public health in Democratic Republic of Congo since two
decades, has made many victims because of the lack of information and because of the population impover ishment unable to
accede to health care. The Democratic Republic of Congo has a very rich and diversified vegetable patrimony with known therap
eutic properties needing only approp riate technol. to deal with the extraction process of oils or active princi ples. Aim and Objective:
The overall purpose pursued is to endue the country with appropriate (home) technol. to solve somewhat the public health
problem in DRC. The kinetic study of oil transfer from liquid- solid extraction has been undertaken in view of the phenomenon
uptake in order to make possible home technol. of reactors sizing, nowadays absent in underdeveloped countries. This is a tech.
work related to the extraction, modeling and quantification of moringa seeds oil. Methodol.: KUNYIMA method has been succes
sfully extended to the moringa seeds oil extraction in petroleum ether using Soxhlet device to assess its validity. The figures have
been plotted by means of Origin 8 program. Results: When log 1/moe-me is plotted as a function of time, linear behavior has been
obtained at constant temperature (56°C) in dilute medium. The global kinetic constant of this time dependent phenomenon has
been calculated [(k = 1.2607 ± 0.0591) h -1] to make possible the reactor building for the oil production The comparison of some
parameters of extraction (me, k, ...) between gourd seeds oil and moringa seeds oil measured and calculated in the same exptl.
conditions shows in petroleum ether a greater kinetic activity of solvent for gourd seeds oil than for moringa seeds oil followed
by significant extraction of gourd seeds oil as fast as the time advanced (k GSO > KMSO). This observation suggests the existing
difference of structures between the two species as it is hereby discussed. Moreover it has been pointed out previously that if the
difference Δm in absolute value is not of the same errors magnitude order it would interpret the solvent effect. It should be noted
however it has been observed the ratio ms/me > 1 where the kinetic constant is high (gourd seeds oil) and ms/me < 1 where the
kinetic constant is low ( moringa seeds oil) and this ratio might likewise better give inform ation on solvent effect. Prediction is done
of getting possibility of sigmoid curve in the case of the presence of different solvation equili brium Also the sigmoid obtaining
depends likely on both the structure of extractant solvent and the structure of extracted material. In that case the kinetic constant
will be calculated in the upright region of sigmoid curve. Conclusion: Kunyima method has been succes sfully used in the case of
moringa seeds oil extraction Kunyima method consists in best uptake of the phenom enon, in expressing it in suitable math.
model in order to determine its velocity through its kinetic constant before sizing the experimentation reactor. The reactor volume
depends on both the sizing factor and the desired volumic debit.
Keywords: Moringa seed oil extraction kinetics Kunyima method math model

182
Preservation of the Moringa oleifera constituents by freeze-drying
By: Silva, Semirames Do N.; Almeida, Francisco A. C.; Gomes, Josivanda P.; Santos, Newton C.; Gomes, Damiao J.; Barros, Samela L.;
Almeida, Raphael L. J.; Wanderley, Roberta S. O.; Ribeiro, Victor H. A.; Silva, Virginia M. A.
International Journal of Plant & Soil Science (2019), 28(1), IJPSS.48790 | Language: English, Database: CAplus
Aims: Moringa oleifera is an edible plant. A wide variety of nutrit ional and medicinal virtues have been attributed to its roots, barks,
leaves, flowers, fruits and seeds . The objective of this research was to evaluate the preser vation of the constituents of the powder
obtained from the moringa seeds by freeze-drying comparing it with the in natura (natural extract). Place and Duration of Study:
The work was conducted at the Laboratory of Processing and Storage of Agricu ltural Products, Department of Agricultural Engine
ering, Federal University of Campina Grande, Brazil, in the period from August to Nov. 2018. Methodol.: The seeds were peeled and
macerated manually. Freeze-drying was done in a Liotop L101 benchtop freeze drier. After dehydr ation the samples were disinte
grated and the phys. and physicochem. constituents were evaluated before and after freeze- drying in terms of apparent d., real d.,
porosity, compacted d., compressibility index, Hausner factor, solubility, moisture content and activity, ash, titratable total acidity, p
H, protein, lipids and carbohy drates. Results: The in natura powder presented better results for the phys. analyzes of the densities:
apparent, real and compacted, however, it was observed that for the other phys. parameters and physicochem. constituents the
freeze-drying promoted the preservation of these in front of the in natura. Freeze- drying caused a signif icant reduction in moisture
content, pH and lipid activity, making the powders more stable and contri buting to the maintenance of their physico-chem.
qualities. The inverse was observed for the ash, protein and carbohydrate contents, where freeze drying promoted increases in their
contents. Conclusion: Freeze-drying presents as an appropriate method in the preservation of moringa constituents, with emphasis
on physicochem.
Keywords: Moringa constituent freeze drying preservation

183
Screening of the stem bark of Moringaoliefera for it"s antimicrobial and wound healing activity
By: Sodhi, Gunjan; Das, Saumya; Mazumder, Avijit

Moringa oleifera is a pan-tropical species that is known by such regional names as benzolive, drumstick tree, kelor, marango,
saijhan, and sajna. Over the past two centuries, many reports have appeared in scientific journals describing the nutritional and
medicinal properties of it. Its utility as a non-food product has also been widely explained it is used as lumber, charcoal, water clarifi
cation, lubricating oil. Different parts of the plant contains essential minerals and are a good source of protein, vitamin, amino acids
and various phenolic compounds. It has more than 40 natural anti-oxidants. The leaves, pods , seeds , gums, barks and flowers of
Moringa are used to relieve mineral and vitamin deficie ncies, support a healthy cardiov ascular system, promote normal blood-
glucose levels, neutralize free radicals {thereby reducing malign ancy}, provide excellent support of the body's anti- flammatory
mechanisms, enrich anemic blood and support immune system. It also improves eyesight, mental alertness and bone strength. It
has potential benefit in malnutrition, general weakness, lactating mothers, menopause, depres sion. There is a need to explore
therapeutic, nutritional and benefit of this gift of nature reported to be one of the world's most useful tree. The present work
comprises of research work wound healing potential and antimicrobial activity of stem bark of Moringa oleifera . Wound healing
activity was performed by Incision wound model and Excision wound model. In incision wound healing model, the tensile strength
of the 2% and 5% test group and the povidone-iodine ointment treated group were compared to each other. Tensile strength of 5%
exact ointment showed significant results and 2% extract ointment showed lesser but signif icant increase in tensile strength
compared to the control group. Thus both concentrations of the extract as well as the standard drug showed a signif icant increase
in tensile strength on the 14th day. In excision models the animals treated with the 5% weight/weight Moringa oliefera ointment
shown to healed completely as compared to 2%weight/weight which was also at the complete healing stage as compared to control
treated and the standard drug (povidone-iodine) treated group. The epithel ization period of standard group and treated group was
less in comparison with that of simple ointment base treated groups. The percentage of wound contraction was much more with
the 5% weight/weight extract was similar to that of povidone- iodine treated group. 2%weight /weight treated group of animals
showed significant wound contraction.
Keywords: Moringa antimicrobial wound healing stem bark

184
In vitro profiling of plants used in Sudanese traditional medicine for antioxidant and anti-breast cancer
activities
By: Taha, Mazen; Parveen, Bushra; Osman, Bashier; Abdoon, Iman H.; Mohamed, Mona S.; Osman, Wadah J. A.; Ahmad, Sayeed
Annals of Phytomedicine (2019), 8(1), 119-126 | Language: English, Database: CAplus
Traditionally, medicinal plants have inhabited an important position in the sociocultural, spiritual and medicinal domain of rural
and tribal lives in Sudan. In the recent years, there is an ever-increasing curiosity in elucid ating the role of free radicals in biol.,
because of their involvement in a diverse range of diseases. Therefore, medicinal plants with antiox idant activity appear to be an
intriguing area for research. Hence, the study was aimed to evaluate the antioxidant activity together with anti-breast cancer activity
for 14 selected medicinal plants used in Sudanese folkloric medicine. The phytoconstituents of ethanolic extracts were assessed
using standard phytochem. screening method. The extracts were then subjected to assess the quant. antioxidant activity using DPP
H radical scavenging and iron chelating assays. M CF7 cell line was used to evaluate the antibreast cancer activity for the most
powerful antioxidant extracts Plant extracts of different concentrations; 5, 12.5, 25, 50μg/mL were used for the calcul ation of IC50
values using GRAPH PAD PRISM 5 S OFTWARE. Doxorubicin was used as the standard All plants under study showed pos. results for
alkaloids, flavonoids, sterols and carbohy drate. L. inermis, L. camara, H. abyssi nica, G. villosa, and R. communis, showed the
highest DPPH radical scavenging activity with % R SA values of 93 ± 0.01, 92 ± 0.01, 74 ± 0.14, 61 ± 0.04, and 45 ± 0.02, resp. On the
other hand, ethanolic extracts of T. foenum-graecum, C. decidua, B. oralceae, A. bracte olata, and R. communis were found to be the
top most extracts in terms of iron chelating ability with percentage iron chelating ability values of 68 ± 0.03, 50 ± 0.01, 46 ± 0.10, 44
± 0.01 and 38 ± 0.02, resp. All extracts of the selected plants showed marked cytotoxicity against MCF7 cells compared with
reference control drug (Doxorubicin). However, among the top highest extracts showing antiox idant activity, Lawsonia inermis and
Aristolochia bracteolata extracts reported the most potent cytotoxic activity with I C50 of 19.1μg/mL.
Keywords: medicinal plant antioxidant anticancer breast cancer
185
Moringin Induces Neural Differentiation in the Stem Cell of the Human Periodontal Ligament
By: Romeo, Letizia; Diomede, Francesca ; Gugliandolo, Agnese; Scionti, Domenico; Lo Giudice, Fabrizio; Lanza Cariccio, Veronica;
Iori, Renato; Bramanti, Placido; Trubiani, Oriana; Mazzon, Emanuela
Scientific Reports (2018), 8(1), 1-12 | Language: English, Database: CAplus and MEDLINE
The therapeutic strategies for neurodege nerative diseases still represent a vast research field because of the lack of targeted,
effective and resolutive treatment for neurodegenerative diseases. The use of stem cell-based therapy is an alternative approach
that could lead to the replacement of damaged neuronal tissue. For this purpose, adult mesenc hymal stem cells (MSC), including
periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs), could be very useful for their differen tiation capacity, easy isolation and the ability to
perform an autologous implant. The aim of this work was to test whether the Moringin [4-(α-L-rhamnosyloxy) benzyl isothioc
yanate; GMG-ITC], an isothiocyanate extracted from Moringa oleifera seeds , was able to induce PDLSCs toward neural progenitor
differentiation. Next-generation transcriptomics sequencing showed that moringin treatment increased the expression of genes
involved in neuron cortical development and in particular in neuron belonging to upper and deep cortical layers. Moreover,
moringin treatment upregulated genes involved in osteog enesis and adipogenesis although with a lower fold change compared to
upregulated genes involved in neuronal differen tiation. Finally, moringin did not induce the expression of oncogenes resulting in a
safe treatment.
Keywords: periodontal ligament stem cell neural differen tiation moringin osteogenesis adipogenesis

186
Waste Moringa oleifera seed pods as green sorbent for efficient removal of toxic aquatic pollutants
By: Shirani, Zahra; Santhosh, Chella; Iqbal, Jibran; Bhatnagar, Amit

Journal of Environmental Management (2018), 227, 95-106 | Language: English, Database: CAplus and MEDLINE
In the present study, biosorption of chromium (Cr (VI)) ions and Naphthol blue black (N BB) dye using Moringa oleifera seed pods
powder (MPP) as green biosorbent was investi gated. Three different sizes of M PP viz. fine fraction (<53μm), coarse fraction
(>250μm) and mixed fraction were investigated. The biosorbent was characterized by p Hzpc, Fourier transform I R spectroscopy (FT-
IR), and SEM (SEM) in order to get an insight of the surface charge, functional groups, and morphol. of the biosor bent, resp. The
biosorption studies were conducted with Cr (VI) and NBB dye and different parameters, such as solution p H, contact time, initial
concentration of the pollutant, adsorbent dosage and co- existing ions were examined Exptl. results revealed that the maximum
removal of Cr(VI) and NBB dye was observed at p H 1 and 2, resp. and the equili brium was achieved in ca. 180 min. The removal
efficiency of Cr(VI) by fine, mixed and coarse fraction was 91.8, 74.9, 52.6%, resp., whereas for N BB dye, the removal efficiency for
the same fractions was 97.5, 33.6, 18.9%, resp. The removal efficiency of Cr(VI) and NBB dye was influenced in the presence of
competing ions. The biosorption isotherm and kinetic data were best correlated with Langmuir isotherm and pseudo- second order
kinetic model, resp. Column studies were also conducted with MPP by studying different flow rates and adsorbates concent rations
to check the practical applicability of MPP in removing target metal and dye pollut ants.
Keywords: Moringa waste green sorbent; Adsorp tion; Dye; Metal; Moringa oleifera ; Water treatment
187
Moringa oleifera seed extracts as promising natural thickening agents for food industry: Study of the
thickening action in yogurt production
By: Cardines, Pedro H. F.; Baptista, Aline T. A.; Gomes, Raquel G.; Bergamasco, Rosangela; Vieira, Angelica M. S.
LWT--Food Science and Technology (2018), 97, 39-44 | Language: English, Database: CAplus
The demand for healthier and less processed food preservatives, which also accumulate therapeutic properties, has attracted the
attention of consumers and industries, tus boosting the search for new technol ogies. The aim of the present work was to evaluate
the thickening action performance of Moringa seed extracts in the elaboration of yoghurt. For this purpose, we evaluated the
impact of the addition of different fractions of Moringa seed saline extract obtained via ultrafiltration in yogurt fermented by
culture probiotic lactic production In order to evaluate the influence of Moringa additives in final products, anal. of texture, p H,
total protein content, susceptibility to syneresis, besides rheol. assays, were performed throughout a four week storage- refrig
erated period. Results revealed that yogurts added with Moringa extracts presented lower syneresis values, higher protein
contents, higher consistency index values and more cohesive casein net, when compared to the control. This study endorses the
potential application of Moringa seed extracts as thickener agents in food systems, which could represent a new option in the
market of natural food additives.
Keywords: Moringa natural thickening agent yogurt food industry

188
Moringa oleifera seed pretreatment method
Assignee: Guizhou Sinan Linhai Ecological Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Cooperative
The method includes (S1) stir-frying Moringa oleifera seed at 18- 36 °C, treating in softening fluid at 6- 9°C under 66-82 MPa; and
(S2) promoting germination in fermentation nutrient solution, cultivating at 8-12 °C under 0.3-0.5 MPa for 12-14 h, cultivating at 30-
35°C for 20- 24 h, and performing microwave treatment for twice. The softening fluid is produced by hydrol yzing beancurd and corn
with protease at 38-45°C for 1- 3 h, fermenting with selenium-rich lactobacillus at 28- 37 °C for 1- 2 h, adding citric acid, tartaric acid
and lithspermic acid, and mixing. The fermen tation nutrient solution is produced by hydrol yzing crushed Chrysanthemum morifo
lium, Oolong tea, Taraxacum mongolicum and Rhodom yrtus tomentosa with cellulase, papain, alginase and amylase at 40- 50 °C for
2-3, adding wolfsbane enzyme and medlar wine, fermenting at 30- 36 °C for 20- 28 h, filtering and concent rating The production
method of wolfsbane enzyme includes fermenting wolfsbane with selenium-rich yeast, selenium-rich Bacillus subtilis and selenium-
rich Bacillus bifidus in mel at 18- 28 °C for 1- 2 d. The invention has simple operation, low labor intensity, significantly improved
germination rate, survival ratio and S OD content.
Keywords: Moring seed germination accelerating
189
Improvement in mineral digestibility and whole body composition of Catla catla fingerlings fed
phytase supplemented MOSM based diet
By: Shahzad, Muhammad Mudassar; Hussain, Syed Makhdoom; Jabeen, Farhat; Hussain, Abdullah Ijaz; Javid, Arshad; Asrar,
Muhammad; Arsalan, Muhammad Zubair-ul-Hassan
Pakistan Journal of Zoology (2018), 50(5), 1909-1920 | Language: English, Database: CAplus
Moringa oleifera seed meal (MOSM) was used as test ingredient to formulate six test diets and were supple mented with graded
levels (0, 300, 600, 900, 1200 and 1500 FTU kg-1) of phytase. The fingerlings were fed at the rate of 4% of live fish body weight twice
a day and faeces were collected from each tank. Present research work was carried out to determine the effect of phytase
supplementation on mineral digesti bility and carcass composition of Catla catla finger lings fed MOSM based diets. Phytate in plant
byproducts decreases the bioavailability of minerals and deposition of nutrients in fish body, resulting in poor fish growth. Results
demonstrated that phytase supplementation showed significant (p<0.05) improvement in ADC% of minerals and carcass compos
ition of fish. Maximum digesti bility of minerals and improved carcass compos ition of C. catla finger lings was noted at 900 FTU kg-1
level of phytase supplemented MOSM based test diet. It was further noted that phytase suppleme ntation decreases the discharge
of minerals through faeces resulting in reduced aquatic pollution. It was concluded that phytase supplementation at 900 F TU kg-1
level was helpful to develop an eco-friendly and cost effective fish feed by using M OSM based diet.
Keywords: phytase Moringa seed meal vitamin E calcium digesti bility Catla

190
Amino acid composition and antioxidant properties of Moringa oleifera seed protein isolate and
enzymatic hydrolysates.
By: Aderinola, Taiwo Ayodele ; Fagbemi, Tayo Nathaniel; Enujiugha, Victor Ndigwe ; Alashi, Adeola Monisola ; Aluko, Rotimi
Emmanuel
Heliyon (2018), 4(10), e00877 | Language: English, Database: MEDLINE
The aim of this work was to compare the antioxidant and angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory properties of Moringa
oleifera seed protein isolate (I SO) and its enzymatic protein hydroly sates. ISO was subjected to enzymatic (alcalase, pepsin and
trypsin) hydrolysis to obtain alcalase isolate, pepsin isolate and trypsin isolate hydrolysates (AIH, PIH, TIH). Amino acid compos ition
was similar for the samples except that TIH had lower Sulphur-containing amino acids while PIH was lower in tryptophan. All the
samples were tested for antioxidant properties through free radical scavenging abilities such as 2, 2 diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH)
and hydroxyl radical scavenging assays as well as ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) and metal ion chelation assays. The
maximum percentage inhibition obtained for the samples from the different assays are: DPPH, 36% (P IH); FRAP, 0.04% (PIH);
hydroxyl radical scavenging activity, 42.98% (ISO); and inhibition of metal ion chelation, 29.46% (A IH). AIH (79.3%) had the highest A C
E-inhibitory activity followed by TIH (75.1%) while PIH (43.0%) had the least. Generally, the hydrolysis process produced hydrol ysates
with improved antioxidant and ACE-inhibitory properties when compared to the isolate. We conclude that enzymatic hydrolysis with
alcalase, pepsin and trypsin may be used to produce M. oleifera seed protein hydrolysates with potential to be used as ingred ients
for the formulation of functional foods and nutraceu ticals.
Keywords: Food analysis; Food science
191
Moringa plants: Bioactive compounds and promising applications in food products
By: Saucedo-Pompa, S.; Torres-Castillo, J. A.; Castro-Lopez, C.; Rojas, R.; Sanchez-Alejo, E. J.; Ngangyo-Heya, M.; Martinez-Avila, G. C.
G.
Food Research International (2018), 111, 438-450 | Language: English, Database: CAplus and MEDLINE
A review. Moringa plants have an extensive range of bioactive compounds that can be obtained from different vegetative struct
ures, such as leaves, seeds , stems and pod husks. These bioactive mols. include carbohy drates, phenolic compounds, oils and
fatty acids, proteins and functional peptides and have great potential to be used in several formulations of food products. This
report collects recent information concerning bioactive mols. in other species of the Moring aceae family, different from Moringa
oleifera . Thus, this document aims to describe these bioactive compounds and their functional properties on foodst uffs. In
addition, more suitable methodologies applied for their extraction and characte rization are reviewed. Finally, an overview of
patents required to protect Moringa -derived products and processes is provided.
Keywords: Moringa plant bioactive compound food product review; Bioactive compounds; Extraction methods; Functional applica
tions; Moringa plants

192
Experimental evaluation of crushed Moringa oleifera Lam. seeds and powder waste during
coagulation-flocculation processes
By: Landazuri-Rojas, Andrea C.; Villarreal, Juan S.; Nunez, Esteban R.; Pico, Marlon M.; Lagos, Andres S.; Caviedes, Mario
Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering (2018), 6(4), 5443-5451 | Language: English, Database: CAplus
Moringa oleifera (MO) Lam. seeds and MO powder waste (an available residue from oil- extracted MO cotyledon), available in the
Ecuadorian coast region were investigated as natural coagulant-flocculant agents for drinking and wastewater treatment applica
tions. The optimum particle size range of crushed moringa seeds without husk at a fixed dosage of 50 mg/L was evaluated during
jar tests. Three water sources from the Metropolitan District of Quito (MDQ), Ecuador: Monjas and San Pedro Rivers (main rivers
that crosses the district) and the effluent from a Pilot Water Resource Recovery Facility (PWRRF), were selected. When coagul ation-
flocculation process was applied as a sole process after the recoll ection of crude water, the statis tical results from a Randomized
Complete Block Design (RCBD) over the sources concluded that water quality was improved by 41.90- 51.94%, 55.32-71.10%, and
74.42-87.73%, for C OD (COD), turbidity and E. Coli, resp. In addition, the use of moringa powder waste and complete moringa
seeds also proved suitable for COD, iron, and turbidity removal, where moringa powder was significantly apt for turbidity removal,
and moringa treatments with husk, were signifi cantly apt for iron reduction The statis tical differences from particle size range and
dosage studies, as well as the results from the use of different moringa seed parts are thoroughly discussed in this work .
Keywords: Moringa seed powder waste coagulation flocculation
193
Physical exercise for late-life depression: Effects on symptom dimensions and time course.
By: Murri, Martino Belvederi; Ekkekakis, Pantaleimon; Menchetti, Marco; Neviani, Francesca; Trevisani, Fausto; Tedeschi, Stefano;
Latessa, Pasqualino Maietta; Nerozzi, Erika; Ermini, Giuliano; Zocchi, Donato; et al
Journal of affective disorders (2018), 230, 65-70 | Language: English, Database: MEDLINE
BACKGROUND: Physical exercise is increasingly recognized as a treatment for major depres sion, even among older patients.
However, it is still unknown which depressive symptoms exercise affects most, (e.g. somatic vs. affective) and the timing of its
effects. Thus, the aim of this study was to examine the changes of depressive symptoms after treatment with exercise . METHODS:
We analyzed data from the SEEDS study, a trial comparing the antidep ressant effectiveness of sertraline (S) and sertraline plus
exercise (S+EX). Exercise was delivered thrice weekly in small groups and monitored by heart rate meters. Patients with late life
depression (n=121) were assessed at baseline, 4, 8, 12 and 24 weeks with the Hamilton Depression Scale. Scores of affective, vegeta
tive, anxiety and agitation/insight factors were analyzed using Multilevel Growth Curve Models and sensit ivity analyses (multiple
imputation). RESULTS: Compared with the S group, patients in the S+E X group displayed significantly greater improvements of the
affective symptom dimension (total effect size = 0.79) with largest changes in the first 4 weeks and last 12 weeks. Improvements
were mainly driven by depressed mood and psychomotor retardation. LIMITATIONS: Sample size; lack of an exercise only
treatment arm CONCLUSIONS: Adding exercise to antidepressant drug treatment may offer signif icant advantages over affective
symptoms of depression, rather than somatic symptoms or other dimensions of depres sion. Compared with standard antidep
ressant treatment, clinical advantages should be expected both at an early (first 4 weeks) and later stage (after 12 weeks) .
Keywords: Affective; Antidepressants; Depression; Exercise ; Mood; Psycho motor retardation

194
Moringa oleifera f-sand Filters for Sustainable Water Purification
By: Xiong, Boya ; Piechowicz, Bethany; Wang, Ziyuhan; Marinaro, Rose; Clement, Emma; Carlin, Taylor; Uliana, Adam; Kumar,
Manish ; Velegol, Stephanie Butler
Environmental Science & Technology Letters (2018), 5(1), 38-42 | Language: English, Database: CAplus
The purpose is to determine parameters for the design of a Moringa seed sand filter for water purifi cation Moringa oleifera
seeds containing cationic antimicrobial proteins have been used as natural coagulants for the removal of turbidity; however, a low
removal efficiency and high residual organic levels limit their applications. Here, Moringa seed extracts were used to reverse the
charge of sand (f-sand) to 10 mV at a seed dosage of 5.6 g seeds/m2 sand. This f-sand filter demonstrated ∼4 log removal of 1 μm
polystyrene particles and >8 log removal of E. coli compared to <0.1 log removal for bare sand. Enhanced removal for particles and
E. coli was dominated by attractive electrostatic interactions. Clean bed filtration modeling predicts a sticking coeffi cient (α) of 0.8
for f-sand compared to a value of 0.01 for bare sand. This α was further validated under a wide range of filtration condit ions. Prelim
inary scale-up analyses suggest a point- of-use f-sand filter that requires a very small amount of seeds annually. The outcome of
this work presents the scientific basis for the design of a water purifi cation solution for developing regions, requiring only locally
available resources and no use of synthetic chems. or electricity.
Keywords: Moringa sand filter water purifi cation

195
Bioassays and coagulation studies using Moringa oleifera seeds for the removal of textile dyes
By: Pecora, Hengli Barbosa; Dilarri, Guilherme; Mendes, Carolina Rosai; Corso, Carlos Renato
Water Science and Technology (2018), 78(8), 1679-1692 | Language: English, Database: CAplus and MEDLINE
The aim of this work was to evaluate the removal of three different textile dyes through the coagul ation action of the powder and
supernatant of Moringa oleifera seeds . The pH of the solution and mass concent rations of the adsorbent were varied. Fourier
transform IR (FT-IR) spectrophotometry was used to evaluate the main interaction sites of the M. oleifera coagulants with the dyes.
Bioassays were also conducted with Lactuca sativa and Eruca sativa seeds to evaluate the toxicity of the M. oleifera coagulants and
dyes. Each dye interacted differently with the M. oleifera powder and supernatant; however, dye removal rates were higher than
70% even when varying the pH of the solution FT-IR spectrophotometry revealed that the linkage of the dyes with the M. oleifera
coagulants occurs through chem. interactions, and the coagul ating protein of M. oleifera was confirmed as the removing agent.
Depending on the dye mol., the pH of the solution also exerted a strong influence on coagul ation. The phytotoxicity tests showed
that the coagulants in the seeds of M. oleifera are more toxic than the dyes tested. In conclu sion, although efficient and econom
ically feasible, the application of M. oleifera coagulants requires further investigation, especially with regard to ecotoxicol.
Keywords: textile dyes Moringa coagulation bioassay
196
Using Moringa oleifera extract as biostimulant enhancing the growth, yield and nutrients
accumulation of pea plants
By: Merwad, Abdel-Rahaman M. A.

Journal of Plant Nutrition (2018), 41(4), 425-431 | Language: English, Database: CAplus
Trials on the potentials of moringa for organic farming have shown that leaves contain substa nces, which when sprayed on crops
enhance growth and yield of crops. Moringa is nutrient-rich plant with combination of antioxidants, amino acids, nutrients,
potassium (K), calcium (Ca), iron (Fe) and vitamins. A field experiment was conducted on a sandy soil conditions at Salhia El- gdida
county, El-Sharkia Government, Egypt during the growth seasons of 2014/2015 to study the effect of moringa leaves extract (M LE)
at different rates on yield and nutrient accumulation of pea plants (pisum sativum L.) . Foliar spraying of M LE was done in three
equal doses at 25, 35 and 45 after planting at a rate of 0%, 1%, 2%, 3% and 4%. All treatments of MLE significantly increased fresh
pods yield, shoot and seeds dry weight, biol. yield, 100 seed weight, yield effici ency, protein content and nutrient accumu lation as
compared to control. The highest values of photosynthetic pigments, growth parameters and nutrient accumu lation of plants were
obtained with 4% of MLE. Also, the highest percentage increase in fresh pods yield and protein content of 82.5% and 45%, resp.,
was recorded from the treatment of 4% MLE.
Keywords: Pisum growth crop yield nutrient accumulation leaf extract Egypt

197
Characterization of Moringa oleifera (Periyakulam-1), oil analysis and radical scavenging activity
By: Tripathi, Prateek; Pandey, Richa; Agnihotri, Devanshu; Tripathi, Aprajita

Indian Journal of Scientific Research (2018), 20(2Spec.Iss.), 38-42 | Language: English, Database: CAplus
A series of laboratory experiments were conducted to evaluate the oil properties of a com. modified and common edible seed
species, Moringa oleifera (PKM-1), representing family Moring aceae. The oil properties of the seed were analyzed, as the wild
variety is known to have distinct medicinal properties but suffers from the low yield of oil. The experiments were conducted from oil
obtained from seeds with pods removed and seeds with pods . The (PKM-1) seed variety gave an oil yield of (45.36% ± 2.05) ,
while the acid value was found to be (178.3% ± 2.8). Deviation in the polarity of the pure seed oil and the seed with pod oil were
observed, Laevorotatory and Dextrorotatory resp. A high value of radical scavenging activity was found with oil extracted with the
seed pods (58.330%± 0.05). The com. variety of Moringa oleifera (Periyakulam - 1) has been proved to be a better altern ative to the
wild variety with better and sustainable growth.
Keywords: Moringa oleifera oil analysis radical scavenging activity
198
Genetic variability, correlation and path analysis in Moringa (Moringa oleifera L.)
By: Karunakar, J.; Preethi, T. L.; Boopathi, N. Manikanta; Pugalendhi, L.; Hepziba, S. Juliet
Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry (2018), 7(5), 3379-3382 | Language: English, Database: CAplus
Anal. of variance indicated that there is an existence of significant variability among the twenty accessions for all the characters
under study. The highest GCV was recorded for pod weight, number of leaves per rachis, yield per plant. Herita bility estimates
were high for pod weight, yield per plant, number of pods per plant, length of pod , and number of leaves per rachis. The expected
genetic advance as a percentage of mean was high for pod weight, number of leaves per rachis, yield per plant, length of pod ,
number of seed per pod . Yield per plant had signif icant and pos. association with stem girth fruit setting percentage length of pod
girth pod weight and number of pods per plant indicating their usefulness in selection for yield. Non- significant and neg. associ
ation with plant height leaf length number of leaves per rachis length of leaf rachis number of flower per inflore scence number of
seeds per pod . Among the twelve characters studied, six characters viz., by plant height leaf length number of leaves per rachis
number of flowers per inflorescence pod weight and number of seeds per pod showed pos. direct effect on yield per plant. Neg.
direct effect on yield per plant was recorded by stem girth length of leaf rachis fruit setting percentage length of pod girth number
of pods per plant.
Keywords: Moringa genetic variability correlation path analysis

199
Mineral digestibility of Labeo rohita fingerlings fed on Moringa oleifera seed meal based diets
supplemented with probiotics
By: Riaz, Danish; Hussain, Syed Makhdoom; Sultana, Tayyaba; Sultana, Salma
International Journal of Biosciences (2018), 13(1), 106-117 | Language: English, Database: CAplus
Probiotics are becoming an integral part of the aquaculture practices due to their nutrit ional and other beneficial activities in fishes.
This research work was conducted to evaluate the effect of probiotics suppleme ntation on mineral digesti bility of Labeo rohita
fingerlings fed Moringa oleifera seed meal (MOSM) based diets supple mented with graded levels (0 g Kg-1, 0.5 gKg-1, 1 gKg-1, 1.5 g
Kg-1, 2 gKg-1, 2.5 gKg-1 and 3 g Kg-1) of probiotics in fish feed to formulate one control and six test diets. Three replicate groups of
15 fingerlings were fed at rate of 4% of live wet weight on their prescribed diets and feces were collected twice daily. Chromic oxide
was added in the feed at 1% concentration as indigestible marker for determination of minerals digesti bility. From the mineral
digestibility results, it was revealed that the highest digesti bility values (%) of Ca, Na, K and P were observed at 2 g Kg-1 level of
probiotics supplementation and these values differed signifi cantly (p<0.05) from the control diet and other test diets. Hence, it was
concluded that probiotics supplementation in MOSM based diets at 2 g Kg-1 level is enough to release sufficient amount chelated
minerals for improving overall performance of L. rohita finger lings.
Keywords: Labeo Moringa seed meal diet probiotics
200
Drumstick ( Moringa oleifera )- a natural gift (an extensive review)
By: Das, Bidisha; Khaled, Kazi Layla

International Journal of Pharmacy and Biological Sciences (2018), 8(3), 1093-1103 | Language: English, Database: CAplus
A review. Plants are able to cure different diseases from past time and are used in indigenous medicines. Among such trees one is
Moringa oleifera , which provides us different health benefits. It is widely used in spices and cosmetic oils. Each part of this tree
possesses significant amount of essential nutrients such as proteins, minerals, vitamins, some health promoting compounds such
as zeatin, quercetin, β-sitosterol, caffeoylquinic acid and kaempferol. It has water purifying ability. The leaves, roots, seeds , barks,
fruits, flowers and immature pods assist the functions of heart, also lowers blood choles terol, protects us from Cardiov ascular
diseases. It reduces the risk of inflammation. Being a cheap source it is used in the treatment of different ailments. It can be
cultivated easily and provides immense opportunities to be used as a viable medicinal and nutrit ional supplement. Its use is found
in developing countries.
Keywords: review mineral vitamin protein leaf root seed Moringa

201
Review article on Moringa oleifera : as traditional medicinal plant
By: Choubey, Ekta; Saraf, Ashish; Dutta, Amit Kumar

A review. Moringa - The Key to Better Food and Nutrition and So Much More.....! Moringa oleifera is a tropical species that is known
by various regional names as benzolive, drumstick tree, kelor, marango, mlonge, mulangay, nebeday, saijhan, and sajna. Over the
past two decades, many reports have been published describing its nutritional and medicinal proper ties. It has an impressive range
of medicinal uses with high nutritional value. Different parts of this plant contain a profile of important minerals, and are a good
source of protein, vitamins, β-carotene, amino acids and various phenolics. Various parts of this plant such as the leaves, roots,
seed , bark, fruit, flowers and immature pods act as cardiac and circul atory stimulants, possess antitumor, antipyretic, antiepileptic,
antiinflammatory, antiulcer, antispasmodic, diuretic, antihypertensive, cholesterol lowering, antioxidant, antidiabetic, hepatopro
tective, antibacterial and antifungal activities, and are being employed for the treatment of different ailments in the indigenous
system of medicine. In developing countries, Moringa has the potential to improve nutrition, boost food security, foster rural
development, and support sustainable landcare. It may be used as forage for livestock, a micronu trient liquid, a natural anthelm
intic, and possible adjuvant. Moringa trees have been used to combat malnutr ition, especially among infants and nursing mothers.
Keywords: Moringa traditional medicinal plant review
202
Nutritional, chemical and molecular characterisation of Moringa oleifera Lam. and Moringa peregrina
(Forssk.) Fiori genotypes
By: Hassanein, Anber Mahmoud Ahmed

Journal of Horticultural Science & Biotechnology (2018), 93(5), 500-509 | Language: English, Database: CAplus
This work aimed to characterize Moringa oleifera (Mo) and Moringa peregrina (Mp), grown in Saudi Arabia, based on nutritional
and mol. markers. Seven genotypes per species were evaluated using 1-yr-old trees. The nutrit ional characterization included
chlorophyll, protein, macronutrients, micronutrients, and heavy metals. Simple sequence repeat (S SR) was applied using nine
primers for genetic characterization. Significant differences in nutritional content were found between the two species and among
the genotypes of each species. Mp had more chlorophyll content, however Mo contained higher protein, Fe and Zn. Correl ations
among nutritional characteristics allowed representative classification of genotypes based on these pertinent indicators only.
Cluster anal. separated the genotypes of each species in independent group, but three Mo genotypes and two Mp genotypes were
distinguished for their variab ility in nutritional properties. Most Mo genotypes amplified the nine S SR primers, however 6/9 primers
only produced bands in Mp genotypes. The number of amplified primers per Mp genotype varied from zero to six. A strong relati
onship was found between nutritional and mol. classifi cations of genotypes. The efficient classif ication based on four chem.
characteristics could be beneficial for Moringa evaluation. The correlation between genetic and nutrit ional variability could serve in
improving Moringa and identifying genetic criteria.
Keywords: Moringa chlorophyll macronutrient genotype mol biol

203
Reducing environmental impact of textile wastewater by natural coagulants and reuse of effluents
By: Salas, Hector; Lopez-Grimau, Victor; Vilaseca, Mercedes; Crespi, Marti; Gutierrez-Bouzan, Carmen
Water scarcity is a global problem, therefore the reuse and recycling of water is promoted in all sectors and it is a real alternative
for the conservation of water resources. The industrial sector is a key point in the reuse of water as it is a major consumer of this
precious resource. The textile industry consumes more than one hundred liters of water per kg of finished fabric during the dyeing
and finishing processes. The wastewater generated by this industry is generally colored and can also contain other recalcitrant
compounds In addition, some textile effluents have high salinity and are highly alk. In this work , a new treatment using a natural
coagulant, Moringa Oleifera extract, is presented. Coagulant solution was made from moringa seed ground degreased and was
tested at variable concentration (1000-5000 mg/l) on different dyeing wastewater samples. Exhausted dyeing liquors and residual
washing baths samples were efficiently treated. Up to 90% color removal was achieved, preserving at the same time the alk. and
saline properties of the water. Consequently, the treated effluents could be reused in new dyeing processes with successful results.
It was shown that the implementation of this practice would have consid erable environmental and economic benefits.
Keywords: coagulation textile wastewater treatment Moringa natural coagulant
204
Acute toxicity of natural and synthetic coagulants through bioassays with Artemia salina in treated
waters of Magdalena River in Colombia
By: Benavides, Carmen Sampayo; Diaz, Jhon Jairo Feria; Fernandez, Teobaldis Mercado
Indian Journal of Science and Technology (2018), 11(34), 1-5 | Language: English, Database: CAplus
This work aimed at assessing acute toxicity in Artemia salina of waters treated with natural coagulants ( Moringa Oleifera ) and with
synthetic coagulants (Aluminum Sulfate Type B). Acute toxicity tests were carried out on Artemia salina larvae to solutions with the
highest coagulant activity by means of standard eco toxicol. techniques and procedures. In addition, adjustments of sigmoid curve
models were made to estimate mean lethal concentration (LC50) in this organism. Results obtained showed that the natural
coagulant has low toxicity, making it a friendly alternative to replace aluminum sulfate, in water treatment. Moringa oleifera can
have advantages over aluminum sulfate due to biodegradability. This is an efficient and non- toxic coagulant that can be used in
water treatment for domestic use in urban and rural areas.
Keywords: Artemia Moringa larva aluminum sulfate acute toxicity biodegra dability Colombia

205
Antidiabetic effect of Euterpe oleracea Mart. (acai) extract and exercise training on high-fat diet and
streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats: a positive interaction
By: Freitas de Bem, Graziele; Costa, Cristiane Aguiar; Santos, Izabelle Barcellos; da Silva Cristino Cordeiro, Viviane; Marins de
Carvalho, Lenize Costa Reis; Vieira de Souza, Marcelo Augusto; de Andrade Soares, Ricardo; da Cunha Sousa, Pergentino Jose;
Ognibene, Dayane Teixeira; Resende, Angela Castro ; et al
PLoS One (2018), 13(6), 1-19 | Language: English, Database: CAplus and MEDLINE
A growing body of evidence suggests a protective role of polyphenols and exercise training on the disorders of type 2 diabetes
mellitus (T2DM). We aimed to assess the effect of the acai seed extract (ASE) associated with exercise training on diabetic complic
ations induced by high-fat (HF) diet plus streptozotocin (STZ) in rats. Type 2 diabetes was induced by feeding rats with H F diet (55%
fat) for 5 wk and a single dose of STZ (35 mg/kg i.p.) . Control (C) and Diabetic (D) animals were subdivided into four groups each:
Sedentary, Training , ASE Sedentary, and ASE Training . ASE (200 mg/kg/day) was admini stered by gavage and the exercise training
was performed on a treadmill (30min/day; 5 days/wk) for 4 wk after the diabetes induction. In type 2 diabetic rats, the treatment
with ASE reduced blood glucose, insulin resist ance, leptin and IL-6 levels, lipid profile, and vascular dysfun ction. ASE increased the
expression of insulin signaling proteins in skeletal muscle and adipose tissue and plasma GLP-1 levels. ASE associated with
exercise training potentiated the reduction of glycemia by decreasing T NF-α levels, increasing p AKT and adipon ectin expressions
in adipose tissue, and IR and p AMPK expressions in skeletal muscle of type 2 diabetic rats. In conclusion, ASE treatment has an
antidiabetic effect in type 2 diabetic rats by activating the insulin- signaling pathway in muscle and adipose tissue, increasing G LP-1
levels, and an anti-inflammatory action.
Keywords: antidiabetic effect Euterpe oleracea Mart diabetes mellitus
206
Experimental investigation of Sterculia foetida and Moringa oleifera as a coagulant for water and
wastewater treatment
By: Patidar, Krutika; Roy, Rituparna; Kumar, Sampatt; Nirmala, Gnanasundaram; Murugesan, Thanapalan
A study on the coagulant activity of plant-based coagulants, Sterculia foetida and Moringa oleifera , which identifies their potential
in purifying water to curb the crisis of water shortage in developing and underdeveloped nations. This entails the need of a
comparatively cheap and affordable water treatment solution to eliminate the shortc omings of chem. aids such as cost and p H. The
experimentation is restricted to laboratory-scale treatment of synthetically prepared kaolin solution in distilled water and tap water
of initial turbidity 595 and 844 NTU, resp., and p H 7.8-7.9 with coagulant dosages between 20- 800 mg. A novel work on S. foetida
seeds has been presented which is compared with M. oleifera coagulant on the basis of turbidity and p H. The effect of solvents
like distilled water, NaCl, and NaOH for active coagulant extraction from seeds is significantly observed on turbidity removal. S.
foetida shows up to 97% turbidity reduction when NaCl and NaOH are used and 96% with powder dosages. M. oleifera extracted in
NaCl gives a higher turbidity reduction of 97.4% for 20 mg dosage. The coagulants prepared naturally prove to provide a breakt
hrough in wastewater treatment, and the industrial scale- up could be a pioneer in cost- effective water treatment methods.
Keywords: sterculia moringa coagulant wastewater treatment

207
Simultaneous quantification of six phenolic compounds in various parts of Moringa oleifera Lam.
using high-performance thin-layer chromatography
By: Niranjan, Abhishek; Ngpoore, Nem Kumar; Anis, Naushi; Kumar, Anil; Lehri, Alok; Shirke, Pramod Arvind; Tewari, Shri Krishna
Journal of Planar Chromatography--Modern TLC (2017), 30(6), 502-509 | Language: English, Database: CAplus
Fresh pods of Moringa oleifera with nutraceutical importance are widely consumed in food commodities as vegetables. It is
nutritious and it also has several biol. activities. In the present study, a simple, rapid, cost- effective, and sensitive high- performance
thin-layer chromatog. (HPTLC) method was applied for the simultaneous determination of six phenolic compounds, viz., gallic
(phenolic acid), p-coumaric, caffeic acid (hydroxyc innamic acid), chlorogenic acid (cinnamic acid derivative) , quercetin and
kaempferol (flavonols) in flowers, pods , leaves, twigs, and seeds of M. oleifera . Simultaneous separation and quantif ication of
compounds were achieved on HPTLC pre-coated silica gel 60 F 254 aluminum plates using the mobile phase toluene- Et acetate-
formic acid (14:10:1). Densitometric determination was carried out at λ max 282 nm. The calibr ation curves were linear, ranged
between 0.984 and 0.998; the limit of detection and quantification ranged between 110.8 ng m L-1and 142.3 ng mL-1, and 301.6 ng
μL-1and 410.8 ng μ L-1; and recovery ranged between 96.2% and 97.9%. The validated method was succes sively used to analyze
the above compounds in the plant parts of M. oleifera . The amount of the total phenolic content and specific phenolic compounds
ranged from 4.86 mg g-1 (gallic acid equivalent [G AE]) to 14.79 mg g- 1(GAE) and 0.007% quercetin (flower and flower with pods ) to
0.099% gallic acid ( pods of 15 days). This study reveals that the presence of specific phenolic compounds in M. oleifera shall be a
good source for the isolation of the above-mentioned compounds for industrial use.
Keywords: Moringa leaf flower phenol high perfor mance thin layer chromatog
208
Impact of Soil Drench and Foliar Spray of 24-Epibrassinolide on the Growth, Yield, and Quality of Field-
Grown Moringa oleifera in Southwest China
By: Zheng, Yixing; Xu, Bing; Ren, Kailei; Zhang, Yanping; Wu, Jiangchong
Journal of Plant Growth Regulation (2017), 36(4), 931-941 | Language: English, Database: CAplus
The effects of soil drench (SD) (0.4 and 0.8 mg plant -1) and foliar spray (F S) (0.02, 0.04, and 0.08 ppm) of 24- epibrassinolide on the
growth, yield, and quality of field-grown Moringa oleifera were evaluated. The results showed that all of the S D and FS treatments
enhanced the net photosynthetic rate, stomatal conduc tance, transpiration rate, total chloro phyll content, and nitrate reductase
activity in Moringa leaves. Both SD and FS promoted vegetative and reprod uctive growth of Moringa , but FS at an excessive
concentration could suppress reproductive growth. Within a certain concent ration range, the effect of F S on the reproductive
growth was superior to that of SD, whereas the effect of S D on vegetative growth was better than that of F S. All of the 24-epibrass
inolide treatments except for FS 0.08 ppm increased the number of seeds per fruit pod , the yield of fruit pods per tree, and the
yield of seeds per tree, but the yield of the plants treated with S D was lower compared with FS. The FS 0.04 ppm treatment signifi
cantly increased the contents of oleic acid and eicosenoic acid and reduced the content of stearic acid in the seeds . All of the S D
and FS treatments increased crude protein content in the leaf powder and seeds of Moringa as well as vitamin C in the leaves. Our
results showed that the optimal concentration of 24-epibrassinolide for FS was 0.04 ppm, and the optimal concent ration for SD was
inferred to be higher than 0.8 mg plant-1.
Keywords: Moringa soil drench foliar spray epibrass inolide

209
The potential of the tropical "miracle tree" Moringa oleifera and its desert relative Moringa peregrina
as edible seed -oil and protein crops under Mediterranean conditions
By: Vaknin, Yiftach; Mishal, Adina

Scientia Horticulturae (Amsterdam, Netherlands) (2017), 225, 431-437 | Language: English, Database: CAplus
The potential of the tropical Moringa oleifera Lam. and its desert relative Moringa peregrina (Forssk.) Fiori as edible seed -oil and
seed -protein crops under Mediterranean conditions was evaluated. Initially, we developed a N IRS (Near IR Reflectance Spectr
oscopy) method for the anal. of seed weight, and seed -oil and protein contents. We found N IRS to be a relatively accurate method
for estimating seed traits of both Moringa species. Comparative anal. of bloom phenol. and reprod uctive success between M.
oleifera and M. peregrina, grown under Mediter ranean conditions, revealed for M. oleifera a shorter juvenility period and a lower
variation in bloom and reproductive traits. Both species bloomed in summer and set fruits in autumn. M. peregrina also bloomed in
late autumn and set fruits in spring the following year. Annually, M. oleifera trees produced significantly more flowers and set
more fruits. Fruit-set for both species was extremely low (∼0.5- 1.5%). M. oleifera pods were 45% longer, contained 23% more
seeds that were 47% lighter with 11% lower oil concent ration compared with M. peregrina, resulting in approx. six- fold higher oil
and protein yields per plant.In conclusion, M. oleifera was better suited for oil and protein production under Mediter ranean
conditions as it produced more seeds and in a more predic table and uniform manner. However, since M. peregrina produced
larger seeds with higher oil concent rations and was less suscep tible to local diseases, future breeding efforts should be concen
trated on producing interspecies hybrids resulting in elevated oil production and reduced suscept ibility to diseases.
Keywords: seed oil protein crop Moringa
210
Ecotoxicity of water-soluble lectin from Moringa oleifera seeds to zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryos
and larvae
By: Silva, Livia Lais de Santana; Alves, Romulo Nepomuceno; Ventura de Paulo, Driele; Ferreira da Silva, Jose Dayvid; Silva de Oliveira,
Ana Patricia; Coelho, Luana Cassandra Breitenbach Barroso; Navarro, Daniela Maria do Amaral Ferraz; Napoleao, Thiago Henrique;
Gurgel do Amaral, Ian Porto; Martins de Carvalho, Paulo Sergio; et al
Chemosphere (2017), 185, 178-182 | Language: English, Database: CAplus and MEDLINE
The evaluation of ecotoxicity of mosquito larvicidal agents (such as the water- soluble lectin from Moringa oleifera seeds , WSMoL)
is an essential step to establish the guidelines for their use. In this sense, this work evaluated the toxicity of WSMoL to Danio rerio
embryos and larvae. Embryos were exposed to waterborne WSMoL (0.0125-0.2 mg m L-1) for 96 h and lethal and sub- lethal effects
were observed every 24 h. In the bioassays with larvae, the individuals were exposed to the WSMoL (0.025-0.2 mg m L-1), mortality
was recorded daily, and larval swimming velocities were analyzed after 72 h and 168 h of exposure. Addnl., acetylcholinesterase (A
ChE) activity of larvae was determined after 168 h of exposure. W SMoL LC50 values to embryos were 0.190, 0.133 and 0.049 mg m L-
1 after 48, 72 and 96 h, resp. No toxic endpoint was observed after exposure for 24 h. In addition, hatching was delayed and larval
length at 96 h was reduced compared to the control. WSMoL LC50 to larvae were 0.21 and 0.135 mg m L-1, after 24 h and 96 h, resp.
Larvae exposed to 0.1 and 0.2 mg mL-1 showed a decrease in swimming speed and a signif icant reduction in AChE activity. In conclu
sion, WSMoL at waterborne concentrations needed for its use as a larvicide to A. aegypti causes lethal and sublethal effects to
zebrafish embryos and larvae. Therefore, its use in waterbodies where there are non-target organisms is not recomm ended.
Keywords: Moringa Danio embryo larva seed water soluble lectin ecotox icity; Acetylcholinesterase; Biosafety; Embryo malform
ations; Mortality; Mosquito larvicide; Swimming speed

211
A natural coagulant protein from Moringa oleifera : isolation, characterization, and potential use for
water treatment
By: Choudhary, Manisha; Neogi, Sudarsan

Materials Research Express (2017), 4(10), 105502/1-105502/9 | Language: English, Database: CAplus
In developing countries pond water is still widely used for drinking and household purposes, which develops higher turbidity during
rainy seasons and requires a large amount of chem. coagulants, and this leads to high cost of treatment. To mitigate this, it is
important to find an economical and natural coagulant to treat turbid water. The present study is focused on using a plant based
component as a natural coagulant that is sustainable and environment-friendly. This work focuses on the extraction, isolation and
purification of a natural coagulant from seed kernels of Moringa oleifera to enhance its turbidity removal efficiency. The possibility
of using Moringa oleifera seeds as a natural antimicrobial agent was also investigated. Turbidity removal efficiency of these active
coagulant proteins was compared with alum. It was observed that proteins with mol. weight less than 36 kDa have superior coagul
ation activity. The active coagulant proteins were isolated using 30- 60% and 60- 80% saturation of ammonium sulfate. The determi
nation of themol. weight of the purified proteins was done using sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacr ylamide gel electrophoresis.
Keywords: Moringa oleifera natural coagulant protein water treatment isolation characte rization
212
Cytotoxicity of the coagulant Moringa oleifera lectin (cMoL) to B16-F10 melanoma cells
By: de Andrade Luz, Luciana; Rossato, Franco Aparecido; Costa, Rute Alves Pereira e; Napoleao, Thiago Henrique; Paiva, Patricia
Maria Guedes; Coelho, Luana Cassandra Breitenbach Barroso
Toxicology In Vitro (2017), 44, 94-99 | Language: English, Database: CAplus and MEDLINE
Moringa oleifera seeds are used in alternative medicine to treat inflammation, tumors and bacterial and protozoan infections, for
example. The seeds contain lectins, which are carbohy drate-binding proteins with several biol. properties including cytoto xicity to
cancer cells. In this work , we examined the cytotoxicity of the coagulant M. oleifera lectin (cMoL) on B16-F10 murine melanoma
cells. cMoL cytotoxic effects were evaluated through trypan blue assay and flow cytometry anal. Mitocho ndrial superoxide levels
and activation of caspases 3, 8 and 9 were measured. cMoL (1.5-16 μM) reduced viability and caused cell death of B16- F10 cells with
an IC50 of 9.72 μ M. Flow cytometry anal. indicated induction of necrosis and suggested the presence of cells in late apoptosis. Specif
icity for tumor cells was observed since death of normal human fibrob lasts (GN) was not higher than 20% in treatments with c MoL
from 1.5 to 16 μM. Microscopy images revealed rounded shape and reduction of volume in B16- F10 cells treated with c MoL. cMoL
increased mitochondrial ROS production and promoted caspases 3, 8 and 9 activation in B16- F10 cells, indicating the activation of
apoptosis-related pathway. In conclusion, this study demons trates that cMoL is cytotoxic to B16-F10 cells, which stimulates more
investigation on the anticancer potential of this lectin.
Keywords: coagulant Moringa oleifera lectin melanoma; Cytotoxicity; Lectin; Melanoma; Moringa oleifera

213
Reuse of treated domestic wastewater using Moringa oleifera
By: Neha, Shukla; Karar, Paul Kakoli

Research Journal of Chemistry and Environment (2017), 21(9), 44-53 | Language: English, Database: CAplus
All over the world, disposal of treated domestic wastewater effluent, shortage of freshwater and increased cost of wastewater
treatment are the major problems. Treated domestic wastewater can be considered as new water resource in demanding sector
like agriculture. Wastewater contains heavy metals and other chem. species which may be helpful for the agricu ltural purpose as
fertilizer constituents. To maintain all nutrients within specified range, powder form of dried seed of Moringa oleifera (MO) is
added into treated domestic wastewater. After the addition of M O seed powder, it was found that MO has great potential to fulfill
the nutritional demand of treated domestic wastew ater. In present work , optimization, math. modeling using D OE and dissolution
kinetics were also performed to study the optimized condition of dissolution process of M O seed powder in treated domestic
wastewater. The study found that dissolution kinetics follows the diffusion controlled shrinking core model (R2 = 0.977) having
91.63 kJ/ mol of activation energy. It is observed that addition of M O has great impending to fulfill the chem. requir ement of treated
domestic wastewater for agricultural purpose. This technique may help to minimize fresh water demand, provides economical
wastewater treatment technol. and aid in safe reuse of treated domestic wastewater.
Keywords: domestic wastewater effluent Moringa
214
Health liquor prepared with Moringa oleifera and production method thereof
Assignee: Yang, Xiaoling

The invention belongs to the tech. field of novel Chinese liquor, and particularly provides a novel health liquor prepared with
Moringa oleifera . The health liquor is prepared from Moringa oleifera 20-30 and grain 70- 80 weight parts. The grain is preferably
sorghum. The Moringa oleifera includes but is not limited to leaf, limb, flower, pod and seed of Moringa oleifera . Accordingly, the
invention also provides a production method of the health liquor. The production method includes pulverizing Moringa oleifera
and grain, mixing, adding fermentation starter, stirring, adding water, sealing, fermen ting, and separating The health liquor effect
ively fills the blank of nutrient lack of Chinese liquor, has compreh ensive nutrietion, is suitable for long time consumption, and has
effect in supplementing nutritens and conditioning body for the middle aged and elderly people.
Keywords: health alc beverage liquor Moringa Chinese medicine fermen tation

215
Effect of citric acid acidified Moringa oleifera seed meal based diet on nutrients digestibility and
growth performance of Cirrhinus mrigala fingerlings
By: Hussain, Majid; Hussain, Syed Makhdoom; Iqbal, Razia; Javid, Arshad; Shahzad, Muhammad Mudassar; ul Hassan Arsalan,
Muhammad Zubair; Riaz, Danish
International Journal of Agriculture and Biology (2017), 19(4), 719-725 | Language: English, Database: CAplus
This research work was conducted to evaluate the effect of citric acid (C A) acidified Moringa oleifera (Lamarck) seed meal (MOSM)
based diet on the apparent digestibility coefficients and growth performance of Cirrhinus mrigala (Hamilton, 1822) finger lings. MOS
M based diet was sub-divided into one control diet (0% C A) and five test diets, each supple mented with 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5% C A, resp.
Ten fingerlings of C. mrigala were stocked in V- shaped water tanks used in triplicate for each treatment. The feed was given at 5%
live wet body weight of fingerlings for 90 days. Results showed that 3% C A acidified diet significantly enhanced (p<0.05) the
apparent digestibility of crude protein (67.93%) , crude fat (71.43%) and gross energy (69.00 kcal/g) . Diet acidification with CA also
significantly (p<0.05) improved overall growth perfor mance of C. mrigala finger lings as compared to control diet. The acidifi cation of
MOSM based diet with 3% C A significantly (p<0.05) increased weight gain (W G; 24.45 g), weight gain percent (WG; 255.73%), specific
growth rate (SGR; 1.41) and significantly (p<0.05) decreased feed conversion ratio (F CR; 1.29). In conclusion, 3% C A acidified M OSM
based diet is recommended for better nutrients digestibility and growth performance of C. mrigala finger lings.
Keywords: Cirrhinus Moringa seed meal citric acid nutrient digesti bility
216
Protein fractionation of seeds of Moringa oleifera lam and its application in superficial water
treatment
By: Baptista, Aline Takaoka Alves; Silva, Mariana Oliveira; Gomes, Raquel Guttierres; Bergamasco, Rosangela; Vieira, Marcelo
Fernandes; Vieira, Angelica Marquetotti Salcedo
Separation and Purification Technology (2017), 180, 114-124 | Language: English, Database: CAplus
Moringa oleifera Lam. has been reported as a natural coagulant in the treatment of surface waters; however its use presents some
disadvantages such as low performance in the coagulation/flocculation of low turbidity waters and organic matter increase in the
treated water. In addition, there is little specialized literature about coagulation proteins present in Moringa seeds and their
characterization. Thus, this work had as objective the fractionation of Moringa oleifera seeds protein, characterization of the
fractions obtained and evaluation of potential coagulant activity in different water turbidity. Based on the results obtained it was
found that the globulin and albumin presented the highest values for protein fraction in Moringa seeds with 53% and 44% resp.
Percentage removals of 87.40% of color, 89.71% of turbidity and 79.46% of UV254nm were reached using 13 mg/L of the globulin
coagulant for treatment of low turbidity water (50 NTU) without entailing excessive increase of the dissolved organic carbon in the
treated water, even being considered a natural coagulant. Therefore, the use of fractionation as initial purification technique proved
to be beneficial by producing a coagulant with high efficiency in the treatment of the low turbidity water.
Keywords: protein seed Moringa coagulant water purification

217
A Chitin-binding Protein Purified from Moringa oleifera Seeds Presents Anticandidal Activity by
Increasing Cell Membrane Permeability and Reactive Oxygen Species Production.
By: Neto, João X S; Pereira, Mirella L; Oliveira, Jose T A; Rocha-Bezerra, Lady C B; Lopes, Tiago D P; Costa, Helen P S; Sousa, Daniele O
B; Rocha, Bruno A M; Grangeiro, Thalles B; Freire, José E C; et al
Frontiers in microbiology (2017), 8, 980 | Language: English, Database: MEDLINE
Candida species are opportunistic pathogens that infect immunocompromised and/or immunosuppressed patients, particularly in
hospital facilities, that besides representing a significant threat to health increase the risk of mortality. Apart from echinoc andins
and triazoles, which are well tolerated, most of the antifungal drugs used for candidiasis treatment can cause side effects and lead
to the development of resistant strains. A promising altern ative to the conventional treatments is the use of plant proteins. M.
oleifera Lam. is a plant with valuable medicinal proper ties, including antimicrobial activity. This work aimed to purify a chitin-
binding protein from M. oleifera seeds and to evaluate its antifungal properties against Candida species. The purified protein,
named Mo-CBP2, represented about 0.2% of the total seed protein and appeared as a single band on native P AGE. By mass spectro
metry, Mo-CBP2 presented 13,309 Da. However, by S DS-PAGE, Mo-CBP2 migrated as a single band with an apparent molecular mass
of 23,400 Da. Tricine-SDS-PAGE of Mo-CBP2 under reduced conditions revealed two protein bands with apparent molecular masses
of 7,900 and 4,600 Da. Altogether, these results suggest that Mo-CBP2 exists in different oligomeric forms. Moreover, Mo-CBP2 is a
basic glycoprotein (pI 10.9) with 4.1% (m/m) sugar and it did not display hemagglu tinating and hemolytic activities upon rabbit and
human erythrocytes. A comparative analysis of the sequence of triptic peptides from Mo-CBP2 in solution, after LC-ESI-MS/MS,
revealed similarity with other M. oleifera proteins, as the 2S albumin Mo-CBP3 and flocculating proteins, and 2 S albumins from
different species. Mo-CBP2 possesses in vitro antifungal activity against Candida albicans , C. parapsilosis, C. krusei , and C. tropicalis ,
with MIC50 and MIC90 values ranging between 9.45-37.90 and 155.84-260.29 μM, respectively. In addition, Mo-CBP2 (18.90 μM)
increased the cell membrane permeabilization and reactive oxygen species production in C. albicans and promoted degrad ation of
circular plasmid DNA (pUC18) from Escherichia coli. The data presented in this study highlight the potential use of Mo-CBP2 as an
anticandidal agent, based on its ability to inhibit Candida spp. growth with apparently low toxicity on mammalian cells.
Keywords: antifungal; candidiasis; moringa ; plant protein; prospection
218
Cadmium removal from aqueous solutions using Moringa oleifera seed pod as a biosorbent
By: Khorsand, Maryam; Dobaradaran, Sina; Kouhgardi, Esmaeil

Biosorption is an effective, environ mental friendly and cheap process for removal of contam inants from aqueous solutions The aim
of this study was to determine the Moringa oleifera seed pod (Mosp) efficiency in removal of cadmium from aqueous solutions
After determining optimum pH (pH = 6.8) and activation temper ature (500°C) by pretests, the biosor ption experiments were
performed in batch system at room temperature The effects of exptl. parameters such as biosorbent dose (0.1- 10 g/L), contact time
(3-120 min) and initial Cd concentration (1-300 mg/L) were studied. The highest removal efficiency was 100% and was reached only
after a few minutes contact time in the optimum operation condition. The biosorption was found better fitted to the Freundlich
model, which was indicative of multilayer adsorption. It was concluded that the Mosp can be used as a successful and environ
mental friendly Cd biosorbent from aqueous solution especially industrial effluent containing high level of Cd.
Keywords: cadmium removal moringa seed biosorbent

219
Low power continuous wave-laser seed irradiation effect on Moringa oleifera germination, seedling
growth and biochemical attributes
By: Urva; Shafique, Hina; Jamil, Yasir; ul Haq, Zia; Mujahid, Tamveel; Ullah Khan, Aman; Iqbal, Munawar; Abbas, Mazhar
Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology, B: Biology (2017), 170, 314-323 | Language: English, Database: CAplus and MEDLINE
Recently , laser application in agriculture has gained much attention since plant characte ristics were improved significantly in
response of pre-sowing seed treatment. Pre-sowing laser seed treatment effects on germination, seedling growth and mineral
profile were studied in Moringa olifera. M. olifera healthy seeds were exposed to 25, 50, 75 mJ low power continuous wave laser
light and grown under greenhouse conditions. The germination parameters (percentage, mean germination time), vigor index,
seedling growth (root length, seedling length, shoot fresh weight, root fresh weight, shoot dry weight, root dry weight) enhanced
considerably. The mineral contents were recorded to be higher in seedling raised from laser treated seeds , which were higher in
roots vs. shoots and leaves. The effect of laser treatment on seedling fat, nitrogen and protein content was insignificant and at
higher energy level both nitrogen and protein contents decreased vs. control. Overall the laser energy levels effect on germination
and seedling growth was found in following order; 75 mJ > 50 m J > 25 m J, where as in case of fat, protein and nitrogen contents the
trend was as; 25 mJ > 50 m J and 75 m J. However, this technique could possibly be used to improve the M. olifera germin ation,
seedling growth, and minerals contents where germination is low due to unfavorable conditions.
Keywords: Moringa seedling growth germination nitrogen protein laser radiation; Germin ation; He-Ne CW-laser; Minerals; Moringa
olifera; Seedling growth
220
Process for production and extraction of dihydrolipoic acid
Assignee: Premier Research Labs, LP

A process for production and extraction of dihydrolipoic acid (DHLA) relates to the biotransformation of R-lipoic acid to dihydro
lipoic acid. The process ferments the lipoic acid with bacteria selected from the genus of any of the following bacteria: Lactoba cillus,
Enterococcus, Pediococcus, or Bacillus. More particularly the present invention relates to a method for the extraction of D HLA
utilizing a non-traditional solvent system, namely a food oil. Generally the D HLA that is produced in the present method is isolated
from cells which have been inactivated or killed.
Keywords: dihydrolipoic acid fermentation extraction

221
Process for fermentative production and extraction of dihydrolipoic acid
Assignee: Premier Research Labs, LP

United States, US20170137852 A1 2017-05-18 | Language: English, Database: CAplus
A process for production and extraction of dihydrolipoic acid (DHLA) relates to the biotransformation of R-lipoic acid to dihydro
lipoic acid. The process ferments the lipoic acid with bacteria selected from the genus of any of the following bacteria: Lactoba cillus,
Enterococcus, Pediococcus, or Bacillus. More particularly the present invention relates to a method for the extraction of D HLA
utilizing a non-traditional solvent system, namely a food oil. Generally the D HLA that is produced in the present method is isolated
from cells which have been inactivated or killed.
Keywords: dihydrolipoic acid fermentation extraction
available Substances (7) Reaction (1) Citing (0)
222
Moringa oleifera seeds for water clarification: a parametric study
By: ur Rehman Farooqui, Usaid; Ahmad, A. L.; Hameed, Noorashrina A.

Journal of the Indian Chemical Society (2017), 94(1), 77-82 | Language: English, Database: CAplus
Moringa oleifera (MO) seeds have a remarkable affinity for removing impurities from contam inated water. The efficacy of M O
seeds was ascertained from phys. and bacteriol. analyses. Subsequ ently, the results from these analyses were compared with the
standards set by the American Public Health Association (APHA), American Water Works Association (AWWA), and Water Enviro
nment Federation (WEF). The effects of p H and temperature on the performance of MO seeds in the treatment of contaminated
water were studied. The MO seeds were able to cause apprec iable reduction in color, turbidity, total coliforms, and faecal coliforms
of approx. 97%, 93.75%, 85%, and 70%, resp. Addnl., the MO seeds were able to achieve maximum turbidity reduction at an
optimum pH of 7. Similarly, high temper ature was found to increase the efficiency of M O seeds . Conclusively, conditions of contam
inated water that fall within the ranges of the parameters studied makes M O seeds a promising candidate to augment the use of
natural coagulants.
Keywords: seed Moringa pH turbidity temperature water pollution

223
Scavenging rhodamine B dye using moringa oleifera seed pod
By: Bello, Olugbenga Solomon; Lasisi, Bukola Morenike; Adigun, Olamide Joshua; Ephraim, Vunain
Chemical Speciation and Bioavailability (2017), 29(1), 120-134 | Language: English, Database: CAplus
Moringa oliferia seed pod was modified using orthophosphoric acid (H3PO4) and used as adsorbent for seques tering Rhodamine
B (Rh-B) dye from aqueous solution The acid-modified adsorbent (MOSPAC) was characterized using SEM (SEM), Fourier Transform
Infra Red (FTIR), Energy Dispersive X- ray (EDX), pH point of zero charge (p Hpzc) and Boehm Titration (BT) techniques, resp. Operat
ional parameters such as contact time, initial dye concent ration, adsorbent dosage, pH and solution temperature were studied in
batch process. Optimum dye adsorption was observed at pH 3.01. Equilibrium adsorption data was tested data using four different
isotherm models: Langmuir, Freundlich, Temkin and Dubinin-Radushkevich. Langmuir isotherm model fitted most with maximum
monolayer adsorption capacity of 1250 mg g-1. Pseudo-second-order kinetic model provided the best correlation for the exptl.
data. Thermodn. study showed that the process is endothermic, spontaneous and feasible. MOSPAC is an effective adsorbent for
the removal of RhB dye from aqueous solutions
Keywords: rhodamine B Moringa oleifera seed pod adsorption wastewater treatment
224
Treatment of dairy wastewater by Moringa oleifera seeds
By: Chonde, Sonal; Raut, Prakash

Moringa oleifera (MO) is a multipu rpose, medium or small- sized tree, from regions of North West India and indigenous to many
parts of Asia, Africa, and South America. Its pods have been employed as an inexpe nsive and effective sorbent for the removal of
organics It can act as coagulant for water treatment. It is a non-toxic natural organic polymer. The main objective of this work was
to use the MO seeds as a natural adsorbent for the treatment of dairy industry wastewater (D IW). Seeds of the plant, Moringa
oleifera contain natural polyelectrolyte which can be used as coagulants to clarify turbid waters. During this study, dairy industry
wastewater was collected for treatment by Moringa seeds in powd. form, resulting in an effective natural clarifi cation agent for
highly turbid and untreated pathogenic water. Various doses of Moringa seed powder viz. 1, 2 and 3gm/l were taken and checked
for treatment of dairy wastewater. After treatment of seed powder with water samples were analyzed for different parameter like
pH, Elec. conductivity, TDS, TSS, Hardness, Chlorides, C OD, BOD. All parameters showed reduction with increasing dose of seed
powder. Therefore, application of this low cost Moringa oleifera seeds is recommended for eco-friendly, nontoxic, simplified waste
water treatment.
Keywords: Moringa seed dairy wastewater treatment adsorption

225
Environmentally friendly biosorbents (husks, pods and seeds ) from Moringa oleifera for Pb(II)
removal from contaminated water
By: Tavares, Fernanda Oliveira; Pinto, Laura Adriane de Moraes; Bassetti, Fatima de Jesus; Vieira, Marcelo Fernandes; Bergamasco,
Rosangela; Vieira, Angelica Marquetotti Salcedo
Lead is a heavy metal considered highly toxic, responsible for causing several health problems as well as being extremely harmful
to fauna and flora. Given this fact, several techniques have been studied for the removal of this metal from contaminated water, in
which stands out adsorption. In this sense, the objective of this study was to evaluate the potential of lead (II) biosorption from
contaminated water by seed husks, seeds and pods of Moringa oleifera Lam ( moringa ). Biomass was characterized by energy-
dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, SEM and Fourier transform I R spectroscopy analyses. From the studied parame ters, the optimal
conditions obtained for the three analyzed biosorbents are: 30 min to equili brium, pH 6 and 25°C temper ature The pseudo-second-
order kinetic model was the best fitted to the exptl. data for the three evaluated biosor bents. Regarding the adsorption isotherms,
the model that best fitted to the exptl. data for seed and seed husk was that proposed by Freund lich, and for the pod the
Langmuir model. The anal. of the obtained thermodn. data showed that the adsorption process is favorable and of exothermic
nature. Through the results it was concluded that the evaluated biosorbents are efficient in lead(II) biosorption.
Keywords: lead husk pod seed Moringa water pollution; Lead; Moringa oleifera ; biosorption; kinetic studies; water treatment
226
A review of pharmacognostical studies on Moringa oleifera Lam. flowers
By: Kalappurayil, Tom Mathew; Joseph, Benny Pulinilkkumthadathil

Pharmacognosy Journal (2017), 9(1), 1-7 | Language: English, Database: CAplus
A review. Moringa oleifera Lam. of the family Moring aceae, popularly called 'miracle tree' is a native of sub Himalayan tracts of
Northern India and is widely cultivated in tropical and subtropical regions. Research on Moringa mainly pivoted around its leaves
and seeds because of their immense nutrace utical potential but recently there is a greater interest in flowers too, mostly inspired
by the pos. outcomes of several pharmacognostical studies on flowers. Moringa flower is a rich reservoir of bioactive phytochems.
and crude flower extracts showed promising antibacterial, antifungal, anti larval, antiox idant, anti inflammatory and anticancer
properties. This review concisely presents the various phytoc hems. identified and isolated as well as the various bioassays
employed to validate the therapeutic potential of flower. It is prepared after a detailed search on Google scholar. Reports on
Moringa oleifera flower were sorted and tabulated based on the bioassays performed and solvents used for extraction A grading
pattern is adopted for comparing efficiency of different extracts in eliciting bioactivities. Many of these studies are at the prelim
inary stage but two of them present advanced mechan isms. First is the presence of a protein aceous larvicidal compound 'Mo FTI' in
the flower capable of inhibiting larval trypsin of Aedes aegypti. The second describes flower extract's anti inflammatory mechanism
effecting via NF-KB pathway and consequent suppre ssion of inflammatory mediators' activa tion, but short of identifying lead
compound/compounds behind this effect. Thus authors suggest further studies to elucidate the detailed mechan isms, identify and
isolate the active compound or compounds of synergism behind the many therapeutic potential of the Moringa flower extracts
Keywords: review pharmacognostic Moringa oleifera Flower Pharmacognosy

227
Bioethanol produced from Moringa oleifera seeds husk
By: Ali, E. N.; Kemat, S. Z.

IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering (2017), 206, 012019/1-012019/10 | Language: English, Database: CAplus
This paper presents the potential of bioethanol production from Moringa oleifera seeds husk which contains lignocellulosic
through Simultaneous Saccharification and Fermentation (SSF) process by using Sacchar omyces cerevisiae. This paper invest igates
the parameters which produce optimum bioethanol yield. The husk was hydrolyzed using NaOH and fermented using Sacchar
omyces cerevisiae yeast. Batch fermen tation was performed with different yeast dosage of 1, 3, and 5 g/L, p H value was 4.5, 5.0 and
5.5, and fermentation time of 3, 6, 9 and 12 h. The temper ature of fermentation process in incubator shaker is kept constant at
32°C. The samples are then filtered using a 0.20 μm nylon filter syringe. The yield of bioethanol produced was analyzed using High
Performance Liquid Chromatog. (HPLC). The results showed that the highest yield of 29.69 g/L was obtained at 3 h of fermen tation
time at pH of 4.5 and using 1g/L yeast. This research work showed that Moringa oleifera seeds husk can be considered to produce
bioethanol.
Keywords: bioethanol moringa oleifera seed husk saccharification
228
Experimental modeling and simulation of supercritical fluid extraction of Moringa oleifera seed oil by
carbon dioxide
By: Rai, Amit; Mohanty, Bikash; Bhargava, Ravindra

Chemical Engineering Communications (2017), 204(8), 957-964 | Language: English, Database: CAplus
Moringa oleifera seed is an important source of high oleic acid in vegetable oil. In the present work , supercritical extraction of
Moringa seed oil has been carried out to study the influence of operating temper ature, pressure, particle size, carbon dioxide flow
rate, and co-solvent addition by performing experi ments in the range of 333- 373 K, 20-40 MPa, 0.50-1.00 mm, 0.83 × 10 -4-2.50 × 10 -
4 kg/s, and 0- 10% ethanol. The extraction data have been succes sfully modeled by extended Lack's model and fitting parameters
are optimized by the Box global optimization technique. The results showed that pressure has a signif icant effect followed by
temperature, co-solvent, solvent flow rate, and particle size.
Keywords: supercritical fluid extraction Moringa seed oil carbon dioxide modeling

229
Preparation and characterization of activated carbon from Moringa oleifera seed pod
By: Abdullah, Nor Salmi; Hussin, Mohd Hazwan; Sharifuddin, Syazrin Syima; Yusoff, Muhammad Azroie Mohamed
Science International (Lahore, Pakistan) (2017), 29(1Spec.Iss.), 7-11 | Language: English, Database: CAplus
Activated carbon (AC1 - A C3) were successfully produced from Moringa oleifera seed pod by chem. activation method (Zn Cl2 and
H2SO4) at 600°C and 800°C in furnace supplied with nitrogen gas. Electro chem., thermal and morphol. of activated carbon
properties were analyzed based using TGA, SEM, FTIR, elemental anal. (CHN). Adsorption capacity of methylene blue (dye) and 4-
chlorophenol were determined as function of adsorbate initial concent ration and adsorbent dosage. Optimum condition for
producing activated carbon (AC3) from Moringa oleifera seed pod was activated at 800°C using Zn Cl2 as activating agent resulting
BET surface area 853.68 m2 g - 1 and pore diameter 2.13 nm. Adsorption experiment showed that A C3 able to remove 90.7 % of
methylene blue solution (2 x 10-3 M) and 97.4% of 4- chloro phenol (66.95 ppm), resp. Finding showed that Moringa oleifera seed
pod has the potential to be a promising precursor for the production of activated carbon.
Keywords: activated carbon methylene blue chlorophenol adsorption wastewater treatment Moringa
230
Algerian Moringa oleifera whole seeds and kernels oils: Characterization, oxidative stability, and
antioxidant capacity
By: Boukandoul, Silia; Casal, Susana; Cruz, Rebeca; Pinho, Carina; Zaidi, Farid
European Journal of Lipid Science and Technology (2017), 119(10), n/a | Language: English, Database: CAplus
The rising of global per capita food consumption has driven scientists and manufac turers into a search for new or renewed edible
oil sources, while also improving their production towards maximum yield, quality, and economic feasibility. Hence, a new origin
(Algerian) of Moringa oleifera seed oil was characterized in the present study in terms of its phys. and chem. features on two
consecutive crops. Moreover, aiming to ascertain if the industrial solvent extraction could be enhanced, extracted oils from shelled
and unshelled seeds were compared. All oils under study presented a low oxidation status and an excellent resistance to oxidation
Addnl. to the characteristic high average content of unsatu rated fatty acids (71% oleic acid) , microcomponent analyses revealed
interesting amounts of phytosterols (4-5 g/kg), tocopherols (287-327 mg/kg), carotenoids (4-8 mg/kg), and phenolic compounds (11-
17 mg/kg). These outcomes were within or better (stability and oxidative status) than reported data for M. oleifera seed oil from
other origins, and without significant differences between crops. Apart from a slight color change and increased sterol and wax
contents when extracted with shells, no other significant compositional changes were observed, including oil extraction yield, both
equivalent to 37% on a kernel basis. This work sustains the high quality of Algerian M. oleifera seed oil, a still underut ilized crop in
this country. Also, it provides an insight on the potential use of grinded whole seeds directly for solvent extrac tion, reducing labor
demand and cost for the industries, without significant variation on compositional and stability parame ters. Practical applications:
Regarding the growing demand on edible oils, and considering Algeria as a country with a large range of climatic condit ions, M.
oleifera cultivation for edible oil extraction could be of economic interests to the region. Based on the findings of this work , the oil
extracted from M. oleifera grown in Algeria presents signifi cantly high quality, stability, and consis tency between crops. From a
technol. point of view, we also propose that solvent extraction can be performed directly on the powder of whole M. oleifera
seeds , avoiding the shelling step, with proportional oil yield and equivalent quality, of major importance for the industry. Algerian
Moringa oil presents high quality, stability, and consis tency between crops. The presence of shells does not effect oil quality and
yield, of major importance for the industry.
Keywords: Moringa whole seed oil oxidation stability antiox idant

231
An environment friendly natural gift- Moringa oleifera
By: Singh, Romi

International Journal of Current Research and Academic Review (2017), 5(1), 27-33 | Language: English, Database: CAplus
Moringa oleifera Lam. (MO) is a small size tree with approx. 5 to 10 m height. It is cultivated all over the world due to its multiple
utilities. Moringa has been used since 150 B.C. by ancient kings and queens in their diet for mental alertness and healthy skin. The
leaves, pods , seeds , gums, bark and flowers of Moringa are used in more than 80 countries to relieve mineral and vitamin deficie
ncies. It has an impressive range of medicinal uses with high nutrit ional value. Apart from medicinal benefits it is deployed in re-
forestation program used as fodder for livestock. Moringa is an edible extremely safe plant. Its tree could easily and cheaply be
cultivated and grown. New uses of Moringa oleifera leaves have been found by many resear chers for the last two decades which
introduced new material in pharmaceutical and water treatment industry. In addition, it was found that it can work as a biosorbent
for heavy metals in water treatment. Therefore, it can be considered as a natural product and environmentally friendly material.
Keywords: Moringa oleifera
232
Evaluation of the toxic effects of the bid-coagulant moringa oleifera ( seed powder) using zebra fish as
a model
By: Vutukuru, S. S.; Zamare, Deeveka; Muralidharan, Sneha; Chawla, Kalpana; Rao, J. Venkateswara
Pollution Research (2017), 36(4), 778-783 | Language: English, Database: CAplus
Moringa oleifera (Moringaceae) seed powder contains polyelectrolytes which constitute active ingred ients for water purifi cation
and is being employed as a bio-coagulant. Indiscriminate use of such materials to purify water can be toxic to various cultivable
aquatic species. The present work assessed the lethal and sub-lethal effects of the aqueous suspension of M. oleifera seeds using
zebra fish model. Static bioassays were carried out on Danio rerio exposed to different concentrations of aqueous extract and the
96-h median lethal concentration (LC50 was found to be 308 mg L-1) and 1/10th of this viz. 30.8 mgt- 1 was considered as sub-lethal
concentration Toxic manifestations such as hyper secretion of mucus, surfacing, darting movements, loss of balance, irregular
swimming patterns were noticed in the fish exposed to lethal concentration M. oleifera seed extract was found to be toxic and
induced mortality in fish from 24 h to 96 h, demonstrating a linear and pos. correl ation with both the concent ration and duration of
the exposure. The present study also examined the toxic effects of seed powder suspension on vital biochem. consti tuents such as
glycogen and total protein content in gill and muscle tissues of the fish. Significant decrease (p<0.05) was observed in glycogen and
protein at the end of 96 h in gill and muscle tissues both in lethal and sub-lethal exposures suggesting that aqueous extract of
M. oleifera seeds is moderately toxic even at low doses.
Keywords: Danio moringa seed powder biocoagulant toxicity

233
Moringa oleifera : a review on its importance and medicinal application in recent age
By: Dutta, Amit Kumar

A review. Moringa oleifera is the most widely cultivated species of a monoge neric family, the Moringaceae that is native to the sub-
Himalayan tracts of India, Pakistan, Bangladesh and Afghan istan. Moringa oleifera is the best known of the thirteen species of the
genus Moringacae. Moringa trees have been used to combat malnutr ition, especially among infants and nursing mothers. Three
non-governmental organizations in particular-Trees for Life, Church World Service and Educat ional Concerns for Hunger Organiz
ation-have advocated Moringa as "natural nutrition for the tropics." Leaves can be eaten fresh, cooked, or stored as dried powder
for many months without refrigeration, and reportedly without loss of nutritional value. Moringa is especially promising as a food
source in the tropics because the tree is in full leaf at the end of the dry season when other foods are typically scarce. A large
number of reports on the nutritional qualities of Moringa now exist in both the scientific and the popular litera ture. Moringa
leaves contain more Vitamin A than carrots, more calcium than milk, more iron than spinach, more Vitamin C than oranges, and
more potassium than bananas, and that the protein quality of Moringa leaves rivals that of milk and eggs. Extensive field reports
and ecol. studies forming part of a rich traditional medicine history, claim efficacy of leaf, seed , root, bark, and flowers against a
variety of dermal and internal infections. Unfortunately, many of the reports of antibiotic efficacy in humans are not supported by
placebo controlled, randomized clin. trials. Again, in keeping with Western medical prejud ices, practitioners may not be expected to
embrace Moringa for its antibiotic proper ties.
Keywords: Moringa age importance medicinal applic ation review
234
Effect of Moringa oleifera (Lam.) pods as feed additive on egg antioxidants, chemical composition and
performance of commercial layers
By: Ahmad, S.; Khalique, A.; Pasha, T. N.; Mehmood, S.; Hussain, K.; Shaheen, M. S.; Naeem, M.; Shafiq, M.
South African Journal of Animal Science (2017), 47(6), 864-874 | Language: English, Database: CAplus
The present study was designed to investigate the influence of Moringa oleifera (Lam.) pod meal (MPM) on produc tion, immunity,
and functional food index of chicken eggs. Two hundred HyLine W36 layer birds aged 50 wk, 1469 ± 46.63 g, were assigned to four
treatments in a completely randomized design, with five replicates and ten birds each. Diets A, B, C, and D were formulated with
the same caloric and protein levels, but with differing MPM dose levels of 0, 5, 10, and 15g M PM/kg finisher diet, resp. Data for
production performance, quality, and chem. composition of eggs were analyzed by one- way ANOVA, and means were compared
with Duncan's multiple range test. As a result of this study, feed conversion ratio (FCR) and egg mass (E M) were significantly
decreased and recorded lowest in Group B, which was offered 5 g/kg above the basal diet. Bioactives such as β-carotene, quercetin,
and selenium levels were increased (540, 121, & 72.21μg/100g of yolk, resp.), whereas cholesterol levels in egg yolk and serum were
decreased significantly, i.e., 201.87 mg/100g and 8.47 mg/d L, resp. Serum biochem. indica tors, including serum glutamic-pyruvic
transaminase (SGPT), glucose, creatinine and choles terol levels, were lowered significantly. Proximate anal. of egg yolk showed that
moisture and ether extract were decreased, whereas crude protein (CP), ash and minerals, sodium (Na) , potassium (K), calcium (Ca),
magnesium (Mg), and phosphorus (P) contents were increased. The outcomes of this study showed that M PM supplementation
affects EM, serum biochem. and bioactive compounds of the egg yolk pos.
Keywords: Moringa egg antioxidant chem composition

235
The biochemical composition of the leaves and seeds meals of moringa species as non-conventional
sources of nutrients
By: Al Juhaimi, Fahad; Ghafoor, Kashif; Babiker, Elfadil E.; Matthaeus, Bertrand; Ozcan, Mehmet Musa
Journal of Food Biochemistry (2017), 41(1), n/a | Language: English, Database: CAplus
Some physicochem. properties of the oil, crude protein, sugars, and amino acids of the leaves and seed meals of two Moringa
species were determined and compared using Student's T-test. The oil properties and fatty acid compos ition were significantly (at
either p ≤ .01 or p ≤ .05) varied between the two species. The sterols and tocopherols contents of the species oil differed signifi
cantly. Most of the sterols were not detected in Moringa oleifera oil. The sugars contents were signifi cantly different between the
two species. The protein contents of M. oleifera leaves and seed meals were significantly higher than those of Moringa peregrina.
Compared with M. peregrina, the M. oleifera leaves and seed meals had significantly higher amounts of amino acids. The most
concentrated amino acids in the M. oleifera leaves and seed meals were glutamic acid, aspartic acid and leucine whereas those in
M. peregrina were threonine, serine, and proline. Practical applications : Moringa seed kernels contain a signif icant amount of oil.
Moringa leaves are a good human food and animal feed. Various parts of Moringa oleifera are incorporated into the traditional
food of humans. The leaves of Moringa are a good source of protein, vitamin A, B, and C. The leaf of M. oleifera contains crude
protein up to 25%. In many tropical and subtropical countries, various parts of M. oleifera (leaves, fruits, immature pods , and
flowers) are incorporated into the traditional food of humans.
Keywords: Moringa biochem composition leaf seed nutrient
236
Moringa oleifera : a cost effective coagulant for dye degradation
By: Mathivanan, Mahalakshmi; Saranaathan, S. E.

Rasayan Journal of Chemistry (2017), 10(4), 1097-1103 | Language: English, Database: CAplus
The purpose of the work is to understand the effect of the ratio of Moringa olifera Seed powder and NaCl, c.d., initial pH and
agitation speed on color removal efficiency as well as COD removal from synthetic textile wastewater in the electrocoagulation
technique using iron and steel electrodes. The suitable conditions for reducing color as well as C OD were as follows: ratio of
Moringa Olifera Seed powder and NaCl = 1: 1.5; c.d. = 15 m A/cm 2; initial pH = 7-8; agitation speed = 400 rpm. The efficiency of
color reduction and COD reduction under these conditions were found to be 60% and 55% resp. This investi gation proved that the
electro-coagulation technique is a suitable method for the treatment of dye industry effluents for the purpose of reuse.
Keywords: Moringa coagulant textile wastewater dye degradation

237
Phytochemistry and medicinal uses of Moringa oleifera : an overview
By: Singh, Upasana; Dwivedi, Chandraprakash; Kulsum, Ume; Verma, Nikita; Saraf, Swarnlata; Pradhan, Dusmanta Kumar
Journal of Drug Delivery and Therapeutics (2017), 7(6), 104-116 | Language: English, Database: CAplus
This paper review the retrospective studies on the Moringa oleifera at mol. level. There are about thirteen species of Moringa trees
in the family Moringaceae. Moringa oleifera Lam. (synonym: Moringa pterygosperma Gaertn.) is the most widely known species
but other species deserve further research as to their uses. medicinal value a choice of parts of this plant such as leaves, roots,
seed , bark, fruit, flowers and immature pods act as cardiac and circul atory stimulants, have power over antitumor, antipyretic,
tective, antibacterial and antifungal activities, and are being in used for the treatment of different ailments in the indigenous system
of medicine. This review focuses on the pharmacol. action and pharmaceutical application along with other uses of different parts
of this tree.
Keywords: Moringa phytochem medicinal property review
238
Determination of total flavonoid content In ethanolic Leaf extract of Moringa Oleifera
By: Shanmugapriya, S.; Muthusamy, P.; Ramalingam, Radha

Moringa oleifera , a small genus of quick- growing trees distributed in India, Arabia, Asia Minor, Africa. It belongs to the family Moring
aceae. Two species are recorded from India, of which one, M. oleifera , is widely cultivated in the tropics for its edible fruits. With a
synonym: Moringa pterygosperma , it is very popular in the Southern kitchen. Commonly, it is called the Drumstick tree or the
radish tree. Ethno-medicinal use of the various plant parts are as follows: R OOT- Rheumatism, asthma, liver complaint, Paralysis,
epilepsies, scorpion bite, snlae bite, tooth ache, astringent. GUM- Ear complaint. BARK- Stomach trouble, fever, eczema, typhoid,
boils, toothache, poisonous bites, rheumatism. LEAF-Scurvy, wound, night blindness, diarrhea, dysentery, cough, cold, diseases of
liver, spleen. FLOWERS- Eye ailments. PODS -Eye ailments, diseases of Liver, spleen. SEED -Indigestion, Seed oil in Gout, Rheuma
tism. The total flavonoid content is usually determined spectrop hotometrically using Ultra-violet spectroscopy. The collected plant
was subjected to soxhlet extraction and the collected extract was dried by vacuum evaporator. The dried leaf extract was taken for
determination of total flavonoid content. Dimethyls ulfoxide was used as the solvent. The absorbance was measured at 435nm.
Keywords: Moringa ethanolic leaf extract flavonoids quercetin

239
Occurrence of urea-based soluble epoxide hydrolase inhibitors from the plants in the order
Brassicales
By: Kitamura, Seiya; Morisseau, Christophe; Harris, Todd R.; Inceoglu, Bora; Hammock, Bruce D.
PLoS One (2017), 12(5), e0176571/1-e0176571/25 | Language: English, Database: CAplus and MEDLINE
Recently , dibenzylurea-based potent soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH) inhibitors were identified in Pentadi plandra brazzeana, a
plant in the order Brassicales. In an effort to generalize the concept, we hypothesized that plants that produce benzyl glucosinolates
and corresponding isothiocyanates also produce these dibenz ylurea derivatives Our overall aim here was to examine the
occurrence of urea derivatives in Brassicales, hoping to find biol. active urea deriva tives from plants. First, plants in the order Brassi
cales were analyzed for the presence of 1, 3- dibenzylurea (compound 1), showing that three addnl. plants in the order Brassi cales
produce the urea derivatives Based on the hypothesis, three dibenzylurea derivatives with sEH inhibitory activity were isolated from
maca (Lepidium meyenii) roots. Topical application of one of the identified compounds (compound 3, human s EH IC50 = 222 n M)
effectively reduced pain in rat inflammatory pain model, and this compound was bioava ilable after oral administration in mice. The
biosynthetic pathway of these urea deriva tives was investigated using papaya (Carica papaya) seed as a model system. Finally, a
small collection of plants from the Brassicales order was grown, collected, extracted and screened for s EH inhibitory activity. Results
show that several plants of the Brassicales order could be potential sources of urea-based sEH inhibitors.
Keywords: Lepidium soluble epoxide hydrolase dibenzylurea derivative
240
Effect of Moringa Oleifera , Portulica Oleraceae and Cymbopogon Citratus extracts on MCF7 and A549
carcinomas cell lines, determination the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities In-Vitro
By: Ahmed, Nermien Z.

Journal of Chemical, Biological and Physical Sciences (2017), 7(2), 662-681 | Language: English, Database: CAplus
The current work aimed to evaluate the potential anti-proliferative properties of seed oil from M. oleifera ; aqueous extracts from
both C. citratus (leaves) and P. oleracea ( seeds ) on Human breast carcinoma (M CF-7) and Human lung carcinoma cell lines (A- 549).
The % inhibition was determined by using 3-(4, 5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2, 5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide solution (M TT) assay and
the literature contains few (or no) information about the cytotoxic properties. The medicinal extracts were also evaluated for their
potential antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities, the biochem. studies were carried out to determine the oxidative status by
measuring: DPPH, OH·, FRAP, TAC, Total phenolic, total flavonoids, and N O contents. The anti-inflammatory activity by two doses of
each extract against Rutin hydrate (as standard) on the four marker lysosomal enzymic activities in rat liver (Acid phosphatase; β-
galactosidase;β-N-acetyl glucosaminidase and β-Glucuronidase) as compared to control group after 60 min of incubation were
investigated. It was concluded that, these extracts may be used as a substitute for synthetic antiox idants in food preservation and
may be potentially useful as a food and cosmetic ingred ient. Meanwhile, the oxidative stress can cause hyperte nsion; these extracts
expect to develop health care products for the prevention and mitigation hypertensive symptoms. It supposed to play an important
role in cancer inhibition and progression, considering that these extracts showed antiox idant, anti-inflammatory and also variable
cytotoxic effects, they seem to be a chemo-preventive agent and a good candidate for antineo plastic drug development. Also, it was
recommended for human lung cancer (A- 549) patients never use the aqueous extract of P. oleracea seeds .
Keywords: carcinoma cell Moringa Portulaca Cymbopogon antiox idant antiinflammatory activity

241
Alternative approach for water treatment by using natural coagulants
By: Thakur, Sunita Singh; Nair, Shakti; Tiwari, Alka

Asian Journal of Chemistry (2017), 29(6), 1235-1239 | Language: English, Database: CAplus
The main purpose of this work is to determine the appropriateness of natural coagulants like Moringa oleifera ( seed ), Solanum
incanum ( seed ), Acacia catechu (tannin) as an alternative and low-coist purification method in improving of water quality in terms
of turbidity, total dissolve solid, pH and COD. Residual turbidity was decreases up to 3.2 N TU with optimum dosage of 5 m L/L
Solanum incanum extracts Total dissolved solids (TDS) was reduced to 343 mg/L for optimum dose of 4 m L/L of tannin extract, it
was observed that pH of pond water decreases with increases of coagulants dose except Acacia catechu (tannin extract) . COD (COD)
of raw water sample was reduced to 31.8 mg/L from initial turbidity 34 mg/L with optimum dose of Moringa oleifera extract It was
concluded that each coagulants has a potential to purify water and coagulant is biodegradable, eco-friendly and non-toxic.
Keywords: Moringa Solanum Acacia coagul ation water quality treatment
242
Role of Yava (Barley) based diet and yogic practices in management of Madhumeha (Diabetes
mellitus)
By: Prajapati, Ravi Kant; Pandey, Ajai Kumar; Rao, Mangalagowri V.

European Journal of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences (2017), 4(12), 407-417 | Language: English, Database: CAplus
Introduction: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a clin. syndrome charact erized by hyperglycemia, with or without glycosuria and distur
bances in carbohydrate, protein and fat metabolism resulting due to the absolute or relative deficiency of Insulin secretion and/ or
action. Type II diabetes (N IDDM) is commonest type of D M, accounting for almost 90% of all diabetic cases. It is one such disorder
which is identified as a potential risk factor for diseases like cardiovascular diseases, metabolic syndromes and hyperte nsion. The
conventional management of DM is progressive and it is associated with many complic ations. The resear chers and scholars are
inclined towards other system of medicine to evolve newer remedial measures. In Ayurveda yava and yogic practices are mentioned
as an important dietary & psychosomatic tool for care and cure of D M. Yava or Barley (Hordeum vulgare) is one of the most ancient
cereal and best pathya in madhumeha as per Ayurveda. Yoga being a mind- body therapy has been shown to be a simple and
economical therapeutic modality that may be considered as beneficial adjuvant for type 2 diabetes. Hence to establish the effect of
Yava based diet and Yogic practices, study entitled "Role of Yava (barley) based diet and yogic practices in management of
madhumeha (Diabetes mellitus)" was conducted. Materials and Methods: A total of 60 patients of Type I I DM were selected based
on the fulfillment of diagnostic criteria and randomly allocated into 3 groups (20 patients in each group) after getting their written
informed consent. Group A: (Control) Ongoing Ayurvedic Treatment, Group B: Ongoing Ayurvedic Treatment + Yava based diet,
Group C: Ongoing Ayurvedic Treatment + Yava based diet + Yogic practices. All the patients were advocated general pathyapathya
and were assessed before treatment and at an interval of every month upto 3 mo. Results and Conclusion: On intra-group
comparison all the three groups were showed significant results with respect to most of the objective and subjective parame ters.
Among three groups, Group C was effective showing the synergistic effect of Yoga and yava based diet. The treatment is cost
effective and devoid of side effects, so it can be applied in the community easily.
Keywords: Hordeum diet antidiabetic agent diabetes

243
Exercise Training and Functional Connectivity Changes in Mild Cognitive Impairment and Healthy
Elders.
By: Chirles, Theresa J; Reiter, Katherine; Weiss, Lauren R; Alfini, Alfonso J; Nielson, Kristy A; Smith, J Carson
Journal of Alzheimer's disease : JAD (2017), 57(3), 845-856 | Language: English, Database: MEDLINE
BACKGROUND: Effective interventions are needed to improve brain function in mild cognitive impairment (M CI), an early stage of
Alzheimer's disease (AD). The posterior cingulate cortex (P CC)/precuneus is a hub of the default mode network (D MN) and is
preferentially vulnerable to disruption of functional connec tivity in MCI and AD. OBJECTIVE: We invest igated whether 12 weeks of
aerobic exercise could enhance functional connec tivity of the PCC/precuneus in MCI and healthy elders. M ETHODS: Sixteen MCI
and 16 healthy elders (age range = 60-88) engaged in a supervised 12- week walking exercise intervention. Functional M RI was
acquired at rest; the PCC/precuneus was used as a seed for correlated brain activity maps. R ESULTS: A linear mixed effects model
revealed a significant interaction in the right parietal lobe: the M CI group showed increased connec tivity while the healthy elders
showed decreased connectivity. In addition, both groups showed increased connec tivity with the left postcentral gyrus. Comparing
pre to post intervention changes within each group, the M CI group showed increased connec tivity in 10 regions spanning frontal,
parietal, temporal and insular lobes, and the cerebellum. Healthy elders did not demons trate any significant connectivity changes. C
ONCLUSION: The observed results show increased functional connec tivity of the PCC/precuneus in individuals with MCI after 12
weeks of moderate intensity walking exercise training . The protective effects of exercise training on cognition may be realized
through the enhancement of neural recruitment mechanisms, which may possibly increase cognitive reserve. Whether these effects
of exercise training may delay further cognitive decline in patients diagnosed with M CI remains to be demonstrated.
Keywords: Aging; Alzheimer’s disease; cognitive disorders; connect ivity; default mode network; exercise intervention; neural plasti
city; posterior cingulate; precuneus; resting state functional M RI
244
Optimization of Shelf Stability of Sugarcane Juice with Natural Preservatives
By: Ramachandran, C.; Sudha Rani, R.; Lavanya, K.; Nivetha, S.; Usha, A.
Journal of Food Processing and Preservation (2017), 41(1), n/a | Language: English, Database: CAplus
Extracts of moringa seed and leaf ( Moringa oleifera ); lemon (Citrus limon) and ginger (Zingiber officinale) were added to fresh
sugarcane juice in different combinations and evaluated on storage at 2, 4 and 30 C. Combination of moringa seed extract with
lemon and ginger showed high antimicrobial activity when compared with sodium benzoate (as chem. preser vative), at the
permitted level. Lemon lowered the pH of sugarcane juice to 3.01 and inhibited the growth of microor ganisms during storage.
Further, phytochem. anal. of methanol extract of moringa seeds and leaves revealed polyph enols, flavonoids, tannins and
terpenoid compounds It was revealed that good quality sugarcane juice (100 mL) with satisfactory storage stability at refrige ration
could be prepared from heat-treated juice (72C for 15 s) before addition of lemon (3 m L) as a combination of flavor, color enhancer
and source of citric acid (antioxidant); moringa (10 mL); ginger (0.6 m L) as flavor enhancer. Practical Applications : Sugarcane juice
is popularly consumed in India. But large-scale production by mechanizing the manufacturing process is not carried out. Preserving
raw sugarcane juice is a challenging problem because it spoils within hours of extraction The manufac turers rely on the chem.
preservatives for extending the shelflife of sugarcane juice, which restricts its production The research work was carried out to
remove the chem.-dependent constraint with an aim to optimize the shelf-life conditions of sugarcane juice with natural preserv
atives. A combination of natural preservatives and low temper ature storage was found as an effective way of preser vation for more
than a month with satisfactory sensory qualities. The findings will pave way for the marketa bility of sugarcane juice.
Keywords: Zingiber Moringa Citrus Saccharum juice storage temperature shelflife antibacterial

245
Treatment method for improving fertility rate of white goose
Assignee: Southwest University Rongchang Campus

[Machine Translation of Descriptors]. The present invention discloses Treatment method for improving fertility rate of white goose,
includes: white goose daily feeding process: (1) Adding traditional Chinese herbs in the feed; (2) at least three times swimming in
water every day, physical exercise at least twice; (3) geese shed temper ature control between 18 - 28 degree Celsius; tradit ional
Chinese herbs prepared from Astragalus membranaceus and/or Astragalus mongholicus roots 2-5 parts, Polygonatum sibiricum
rhizomes 3-6 parts, Cistanche salsa and/or Cistanche deserticola 2-5 parts, Cuscuta chinensis and/or Cuscuta japonica seeds 2-5
parts, prickly ash 2-3 parts, ginger 2- 3 parts, Dioscorea opposita and/or Dioscorea batatas (Chinese yam) rhizomes 3- 6 parts, fresh
Medicago sativa and/or Medicago hispida 8-10 parts, Kochia scoparia 8- 10 parts, Chenopodium album 8-10 parts; one day before
semen collection: control semen collection room temper ature is 20 degree Celsius; when semen collec tion: with vibration
frequency of 2500r/min massage vibrator shock for 1min, semen collection; after semen collection: the temperature was kept at 16
degree Celsius in an incubator. Technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide processing method by
improving semen quality to improve fertility rate of white goose.
246
Physical Exercise for Late-Life Depression: Effects on Heart Rate Variability.
By: Toni, Giulio; Belvederi Murri, Martino; Piepoli, Massimo; Zanetidou, Stamatula; Cabassi, Aderville; Squatrito, Salvatore; Bagnoli,
Luigi; Piras, Alessandro; Mussi, Chiara; Senaldi, Roberto; et al
The American journal of geriatric psychiatry : official journal of the American Association for Geriatric Psychiatry (2016), 24(11), 989-
997 | Language: English, Database: MEDLINE
OBJECTIVES: Late-life major depression is associated with increased cardiov ascular risk and impaired autonomic control of the
heart, as evident from reduced heart rate variability (HRV). Moreover, antidepressant drug therapy also might be associated with
further reductions of HRV. In the SEEDS study, we invest igated whether sertraline associated with physical exercise protocols led
to improvements of HRV, compared with antidep ressant drug therapy alone. DESIGN: Single-blind randomized controlled trial. S ETT
ING: Psychiatric consultation-liaison program for primary care. P ARTICIPANTS: Patients aged 65- 85 years with major depression,
recruited from primary care. INTERVENTIONS: Sertraline plus structured, tailored group physical exercise (S + EX) versus sertraline
alone (S) for 24 weeks. MEASUREMENTS: HRV indices (RR, percentage of NN intervals greater than 50 msec [p NN50], square root of
the mean squared differences of successive N N intervals [R MSSD], standard deviation of heart rate [S DHR], standard deviation of
the NN interval [SDNN], high-frequency band [H F], low-frequency band [L F], and their ratio [LF/HF]) were measured at baseline,
week 12, and week 24. Psychiatric and medical assessments. RESULTS: Participants displayed significant improvements of most HR
V indices over time, irrespective of the group assignment (p NN50, RMSSD, SDHR, SDNN, HF, LF, and LF/HF). Moreover, patients in
the S + EX group displayed greater increases of different HRV indices(RR, pNN50, RMSSD, SDHR, SDNN, HF, and LF) compared with
those in the S group. CONCLUSIONS: The combination of structured physical exercise and sertraline might exert positive effects on
the autonomic control of the heart among older patients with major depression.
Keywords: antidepressants; autonomic nervous system; elderly; exercise ; heart rate variability; major depression

247
Seasonal variation in leaf growth and antioxidant content of Moringa oleifera cultivated at buenos
aires, Argentina
By: Arena, Miriam Elisabet; Radice, Silvia

The properties and applications of Moringa oleifera are so vast that it is called the "miracle tree". The objective of this work is to
study the seasonal variations in the leaf antioxidant content and the scavenging activity on D PPH radicals in concordance with its
growth on M. oleifera plants of two seed origin, Com. (C, seeds that were obtained from a market) and Bolivia (B, seeds that were
obtained from a com. forest of Santa Cruz de la Sierra, Bolivia); the experiment was conducted at Buenos Aires, Argentina. Signif
icant differences were found on leaf growth, antiox idant content and DPPH activity along the growing season. The lower leaf dry
weight as percentage of fresh weight, higher specific leaf area, higher relative growth rate and lower phenol content on B leaves
than C leaves could indicate that B plants are geared for a higher productivity rate of resource acquisition than C plants. Specific leaf
area, leaf dry weight as percentage of fresh weight, phenol content and activity of DPPH radicals on leaf extracts were signifi cantly
correlated, which could be used on produc tivity estimation and nutraceutical valuation. The phenol content and activity of D PPH
radicals of leaf extracts of B and C origins indicate that the leaves of the plants growing in the described conditions are of
noteworthy value. These are the first antecedents for M. oleifera growing at Buenos Aires, Argentina, allowing to prelim inary
consider this area as one of the southernmost zone.
Keywords: Moringa oleifera cultivation leaf growth antioxidant seasonal variation Argentina
248
Effect of storage conditions on Moringa oleifera Lam. seed oil: Biodiesel feedstock quality
By: Fotouo-M., Helene; du Toit, Elsa S.; Robbertse, Petrus J.

Industrial Crops and Products (2016), 84, 80-86 | Language: English, Database: CAplus
Moringa seed oil is known as Ben oil. Recently research by several authors illust rated the potential use of Ben oil for biodiesel
production Oil quality is directly related to the physiol. condition of the seeds from which it is extracted Oil extracted from
damaged and deteriorated seed can compromise fuel quality. The aim of the study was to invest igate the effect of various storage
conditions and-duration on Moringa oleifera seed oil quantity and quality as a potential source of biodiesel. Firstly, oil was
extracted from fresh seeds and stored in dark bottles at room temper ature Secondly, Seeds were stored following a factorial 2 × 4
× 3 experiment with two types of containers (paper and aluminum bags), four temperatures (-19, 4, 20 and 30° C) and three storage
periods (6, 12 and 24 mo). From the exptl. results, it was observed that the oil content of moringa seed did not change signifi cantly
(p < 0.05) after 12 mo of storage but decrease significantly in seed stored at 4 °C in paper bags and those at 20° and 30 °C in
aluminum bags at 24 mo. The free fatty acid increased significantly (p < 0.05) after 12 mo at all storage conditions and continued to
increase above the recommended value (2%) for biodiesel parent oil at 24 mo, except for that of seed stored at - 19 °C in aluminum
bags. The d. of moringa seed oil remained unchanged throughout storage. The viscosity of oil extracted from seed stored in
paper bags at -19 °C and that of the oil stored in dark bottle at room temper ature decreased significantly at 24 mo. Based on these
results, moringa seed can be stored at any of the applied conditions for six months, but if they are stored beyond this period, the
use of low temperature such as -19 °C and 4 °C and sealed containers are recomm ended. It is not advisable to store the extracted
oil for more than 6 mo.
Keywords: Moringa seed oil storage condition effect biodiesel feedstock quality

249
Green Approach to Dye Wastewater Treatment Using Biocoagulants
By: Chethana, M.; Sorokhaibam, Laxmi Gayatri; Bhandari, Vinay M.; Raja, S.; Ranade, Vivek V.
ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering (2016), 4(5), 2495-2507 | Language: English, Database: CAplus
This work focused on newer bio- coagulants and bio-formulations, and understanding coagulant behavior with bio- coagulants vs.
chem. coagulants. Newer bio-coagulants, Azadirachta indica (A I) seeds and Acanthocereus tetragonus pads, are discussed along
with 2 known bio-coagulants: Moringa oleifera and Cicer arietinum seeds . Dye removal studies were conducted using Congo red
dye to facilitate easy comparison with conventional coagulants and monitor the effect of parameters (initial dye concent ration, pH,
coagulant dose, etc.). Bio-coagulant use was highly effective; up to 99% dye removal was achieved for coagulant doses of 300- 1500
mg/L. Coagulation was pH sensitive, similar to chem. coagul ants. Although bio-coagulant dose is relatively higher than conven tional
chem. coagulants, a good sludge volume index value, ∼50 m L/g for 1 h and 30 min, resp., was obtained for the A. tetragonus and M.
oleifera bio-coagulants. A very high particle count vs. chem. coagulants was observed using a focused beam reflec tance measur
ement. Bio-formulation with chem. coagulants (alum, Fe 3+ - and Al- based) can lower biocoagulant doses (up to 1/3) and result in
significant improvement in coagulation performance, ≥50%.
Keywords: decolorization wastewater treatment biocoagulation; Azadirachta seed biocoagulant wastewater treatment Congo red
removal; Acanthocereus pad biocoagulant wastewater treatment; Moringa biocoagulant wastewater treatment; Cicer seed biocoa
gulant wastewater treatment

250
Solvent assisted extraction of oil from Moringa oleifera Lam. seeds
By: Bhutada, Payal R.; Jadhav, Ananda J.; Pinjari, Dipak V. ; Nemade, Parag R.; Jain, Ratnesh D.
The present work reports the extraction of Moringa oil from the Moringao leifera Lam. (Moring aceae) seeds using Soxhlet
extraction The effects of the various operating parameters such as temperature, solvent ratio and solvent type on the extraction
yield of the oil have been investigated. The extraction yield of the oil was varied with change in the operating temper atures (ranging
from 80 to 110 °C) as well as with change in the solvents ratio (such as, chloroform:methanol (C:M) from 1:1, 2:1, 3:1, 4:1). The
maximum extraction yield was obtained at C:M (3:1) ratio. The increase in the yield was also found with the increase in the temper
ature The fatty acid compos itions of the Moringa oils extracted by the solvent extraction method have been analyzed using gas
chromatog. (GC). The change in the compos ition of the fatty acid was seen with the change in the solvent media. Also, this extracted
oil was analyzed by NMR (NMR), Fourier transform IR spectroscopy (FTIR), thermo-gravimetric anal. (TGA) anal. From TGA anal. it
was found that, the oil degrade at temperature about 425-450 °C. The oil was also analyzed with the physic ochem. properties and
the phytochem. tests to confirm the presence of saponins, flavonoids, steroids, terpenoids, phenols, and triterp enoids. It was found
that the solvent extraction is an effective method for the Moringa oil extraction
Keywords: Moringa temperature oil seed
251
Development of a magnetic coagulant based on Moringa oleifera seed extract for water treatment
By: Santos, Tassia R. T.; Silva, Marcela F.; Nishi, Leticia; Vieira, Angelica M. S.; Klein, Marcia R. F.; Andrade, Murilo B.; Vieira, Marcelo
F.; Bergamasco, Rosangela
Environmental Science and Pollution Research (2016), 23(8), 7692-7700 | Language: English, Database: CAplus and MEDLINE
In this work , to evaluate the effectiveness of the coagulation/flocculation using a natural coagulant, using Moringa oleifera Lam
functionalized with magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles, producing flakes that are attracted by an external magnetic field, thereby
allowing a fast settling and separation of the clarified liquid, is proposed. The removal efficiency of the parameters, apparent color,
turbidity, and compounds with UV254nm absorption, was evaluated. The magnetic functio nalized M. oleifera Lam coagulant could
effectively remove 90 % of turbidity, 85 % of apparent color, and 50 % for the compounds with absorption at U V254nm, in surface
waters under the influence of an external magnetic field within 30 min. It was found that the coagulation/flocculation treatment
using magnetic functionalized M. oleifera Lam coagulant was able to reduce the values of the physicochem. parameters evaluated
with reduced settling time.
Keywords: maghemite Moringa magnetic coagulant surface water treatment floccu laton coagulation; Coagulation/flocculation;
Maghemite; Magnetic coagulant; Magnetic nanoparticles; Magnetic sedimentation; Moringa oleifera Lam

252
Fatty Acids Profile and Chemical Composition of Egyptian Moringa oleifera Seed Oils
By: Aly, Amina A.; Maraei, Rabab W.; Ali, Hoda G. M.

Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society (2016), 93(3), 397-404 | Language: English, Database: CAplus
Moringa oleifera is grown all over the world as a crop for its nutritious pods , leaves and seeds . The purpose of the present study
was to evaluate the oil percentage, d., iodine value, saponif ication value, acid value and fatty acid profile of Egyptian moringa Seed
oils. Moringa seeds were irradiated using 60 Co at dose levels of 0.0 (control) , 5, 10 and 15 kGy and oil was extracted from unirra
diated and irradiated samples. Results showed that the oil percentage and d. were almost unaffe cted. Irradiation reduced the
iodine value, whereas the acid and saponification values were increased in all irradiated samples. The oil was found to contain high
levels of unsaturated fatty acids, especially an omega-9-fatty acid (oleic) (up to 76.29 %) at a dose level of 15 k Gy. Also at the same
dose level, the dominant saturated acids were palmitic, stearic acid and arachidic (the three up to 12.66 %). GC-MS revealed the
presence of different compounds (more than 50) in the moringa oil extract, among them alkaloids, terpenoids steroids, saturated
and unsaturated fatty acids, aromatic and aliphatic hydroc arbons and polyphenolic compounds Phenolic and falvonoid were signifi
cantly increased by increasing irradi ation dose levels. Also, the antiox idant activity of irradiated seed oil increased by increasing the
phenolic and flavonoid contents. Moringa oleifera could be grown by wide scale production as a potent ially valuable crop. However,
isolation of individual compounds and their biol. activities needs to be covered in future to enhance its pharmacol. importance and
to open new avenues of research.
Keywords: moringa oleifera seed oils

253
Assessing the Enzyme Activity of Different Plant Extracts of Biomasses from Sub-Saharan Africa for
Ethyl Biodiesel Production
By: Moussavou M., Redeo Wilfried; Brunschwig, Christel; Barea, Bruno; Villeneuve, Pierre; Blin, Joel
Energy & Fuels (2016), 30(3), 2356-2364 | Language: English, Database: CAplus
This work focused on identi fying plant biomasses as potential sources of lipases and their use as biocat alysts for Et biodiesel
production To that end, plant extracts prepared from dormant and germinated seeds of eight local (Burkina Faso) oil- bearing
biomasses were tested as a biocatalyst for the hydrolysis and ethanol transester ification of sunflower oil. The optimum transester
ification conditions with the most active extracts were then determined The results of the hydrolysis and transester ification tests
showed that the plant extracts from germinated Jatropha curcas (JG) and Moringa oleifera (MG) seeds contained lipases whose
catalytic activity could be utilized without prior purification The highest hydrolysis yield obtained was 88% using the J G extracts and
62% with the MG extracts after 24 h of reaction at 40 °C and at p H 7. For transesterification, the highest Et ester yield obtained was
94% with the JG extracts and 48% with the M G extracts after 144 h at 37 °C, following two successive transester ification reactions.
Using the plant extracts in transesterification called for the stepwise addition of ethanol in a T AG:ethanol molar ratio of 1:0.3 at 6 h
intervals to overcome the inhibiting effect of high ethanol concentrations on the catalytic activity of the plant extracts In addition, a
study on the influence of the reaction conditions showed that water had a negligible effect on transesterification yield when its
content in the ethanol was lower than or equal to 5% (volume/volume) and that adding silica to the reaction medium led to an
increase in transesterification yield.
Keywords: ethyl biodiesel enzyme activity plant extract

254
Filter media based on Moringa oleifera lam
Assignees: Instituto de Tecnologia E Pesquisa; Universidade Estadual de Maringa; Universidade Federal de Sergipe
Brazil, BR102014016370 A2 2016-03-15 | Language: Portuguese, Database: CAplus
The present invention provides a filter media based on Moringa oleifera lam includes filtering the absorbent compound produced
from the seed cake. The filtering and absorbent medium is used for filtra tion, adsorbent, flocculant /coagulant in the applic ation of
the process of removal of organic or inorganic particles in dirty surface waters, gray water, water containing oils and greases such
as effluents from the biodiesel industry, edible oil and cosmetics, water produced from oil, water containing heavy metals, contam
inated water such as pesticides, reduction of undesirable fluorine and gases in ground water and in the treatment of effluents in
general. The filtering and absorbent medium of Moringa oleifera lam is obtained by the steps of drying the pod , threshing of
seeds , separation of seeds , crushing of bark and pods , seed milling, extraction of the oil by pressing and/or solvents, oil
treatment, oil container, mix of the pie, peels and crushed pods , sifting for fine and thick removal, chem. treatment, and granul
ation or palletizing.
Keywords: Moringa oleifera lam filter media
available Substance (1) Reactions (0) Citing (0)
255
Techno-economic optimization of the subcritical fluid extraction of oil from Moringa oleifera seeds
and subsequent production of a purified sterols fraction
By: Martins, Pedro F.; de Melo, M. M. R.; Silva, C. M.

Journal of Supercritical Fluids (2016), 107, 682-689 | Language: English, Database: CAplus
Moringa oleifera tree is found in many tropical areas, and its seed contains up to 40% of good quality edible oil where sterols are
also present. In this work a techno- economic study encompassing the coprodn. of oil and sterols from M. oleifeira seeds was
accomplished using the R SM-COM approach. The oil is produced by subcri tical fluid extraction (SFE) while the purification of the
associated sterols is accomplished by a patented technol. based on distil lation Besides the expenses and investment associated to
the SFE, the resp. costs and investment for the prelim inary drying of biomass and final separation of sterols from bulk oil were also
taken into account. Under optimized extraction pressure and time of 350 bar and 1.3 h, resp., oil cost was estimated to be 2.76 euro
kg-1oil for a S FE unit comprising two extractors of 1 m 3 capacity. For the coprodn. of sterols with 89.4 weight% purity, the min. costs
were 5.60 euro kg-1sterols. The overall annual production under optimum conditions was 558.9 tons of oil and 1.9 tons of sterols,
leading the whole integrated process to a net income of 15.87 M euro year-1. In conclusion the proposed combined process is
feasible, and this essay opened the way to exploit M. oleifera by subcri tical fluid extraction under the scope of bioref inery
premises.
Keywords: Moringa seed subcritical fluid extraction edible oil sterol purifi cation

256
Validating phytomedicinal potentials of moringa oleifera : comparative evaluation of nutrients and

phytochemical groups of Nigeria-Bred moringa oleifera plant parts
By: Williams, F. E.; Ogunsola, O. A.; Akinbola, A. S.; Faluyi, B.; Fabiyi, O. S.; Nwobi, N. L.; Owolabi, J. O.
Pharmaceutical and Chemical Journal (2016), 3(1), 11-20 | Language: English, Database: CAplus
Moringa oleifera is arguably the most popular and useful specie of the very useful moringacea family of plants that have become
well known due to their economic values and phytomedicinal and nutritional qualities. However, there is the need for adequate and
thoroughly scientific information about the several acclaimed potential benefits of the plant. It is however worthy of note that most
recent publications on the acclaimed potential benefits of the plants parts components and their usefulness have been pos., thus,
confirming several available traditional and past literatures available on the plant's usefulness. While scientists in different walks of
life work to explore the values of this plant that has been dubbed the Miracle Tree in certain places, there is no doubt that the
understanding and validation of the distri bution of components and phytoc hems. across the plant parts is vital towards exploring
optimal benefits of the plant. This investigation was conducted to assess the distribution of nutrients and phytochem. groups in the
various parts of the plant and to observe the pH values of each part extract- ethanolic and aqueous Results will be very important in
guiding researchers and product developers as well as farmers, the consumers, policies makers and the general public towards
appreciating the possible variations in the usefulness and benefits of the various plant parts. Aqueous and ethanolic extracts of the
plant were prepared from the various parts of the same plants which were air-dried at maintained room temper ature, thereafter
macerated and powd. with the grinder. The available of nutrients including carbohydrates, fats, proteins and steroids as well as
phytochem. groups including alkaloids, anthraquinones, flavonoids, glycosides, saponins, tannins and terpenoids were assayed in
the ethanolic and aqueous extracts of each plant parts. Plant parts that were tested included the root, bark, leaf, whole pod , seed
and flower. The pH value of each extract sample was also tested. Results showed that all extracts were acidic except aqueous
extract of the bark that was slightly alk. Nutrients and phytochems.' distribution in the various plant parts also vary conside rably.
Researchers, users and product developers should be considerate of these variations.
Keywords: moringa oleifera natural pharmaceutical nutrients phytochems extract

257
Promising features of Moringa oleifera oil: recent updates and perspectives
By: Nadeem, Muhammad; Imran, Muhammad

Lipids in Health and Disease (2016), 15, 212/1-212/8 | Language: English, Database: CAplus and MEDLINE
A review. Lipids are the concentrated source of energy, fat soluble vitamins, essential fatty acids, carriers of flavours and many bio-
active compounds with important role in mainta ining physiol. functions of biol. body. Moringa oleifera is native to Himalaya and
widely grown in many Asian and African countries with seed oil content range from 35- 40%. Moringa oleifera oil (M OO) has light
yellow color with mild nutty flavor and fatty acids composition suggests that M OO is highly suitable for both edible and nonedible
applications. MOO is extremely resistant to autoxi dation which can be used as an antiox idant for the long term stabili zation of com.
edible oils. Thermal stability of MOO is greater than soybean, sunflower, canola and cottonseed oils. High oleic contents of M OO
are believed to have the capability of increasing beneficial HDL cholesterol and decreased the serum choles terol and triglycerides. M
OO applications have also been explored in cosmetics, folk medicines and skin care formula tions. Overall, this review focuses on
com. production status, food applications, antioxidant characteristics, health benefits, thermal stability, fractionation, cholesterol
contents, medicinal, nutraceutical action, toxicol. evalua tion, biodiesel produc tion, personal care formulations and future perspe
ctives of the MOO for the stake holders to process and utilize M OO as a new source of edible oil for industrial purpose.
Keywords: Moringa oil fatty acid vitamin antiox idant oxidative stability review; Antiox idant activity; Fatty acid profile; Industrial
applications; Moringa oleifera oil; Oxidative stability

258
Physicochemical properties of Moringa oleifera seeds and their edible oil cultivated at different
regions in Egypt
By: Barakat, Hassan; Ghazal, Galal A.

Food and Nutrition Sciences (2016), 7(6), 472-484 | Language: English, Database: CAplus
Moringa oleifera is a plant that successfully grows recently in Egypt and has rich of nutrients seeds with valuable content of edible
oil. The present study aimed at determining the physicochem. properties of moringa seeds and their extracted oil of which
cultivated at different regions in Egypt. Obtained results revealed that protein, lipid, ash, fiber and total carbohydrate contents were
in range of 34.51% - 36.5%, 28.62% - 30.06%, 4.22% - 5.06%, 10.92% - 12.16% and 19.00% - 20.29%, resp. Consequently, caloric value
was around 450.36 - 451.32 kcal 100 g-1 for dried moringa seeds . As confirmed, dried moringa seeds are considered as a rich
source of dietary minerals. TPCs content of M. oleifera seed were ranged from 16.9 - 18.5 mg G AE g- 1 dw. The antioxidants activity
was in a range of 0.17 - 0.28 μmol TE g -1 dw (DPPH scavenging activity) and was in a range of 4.19 - 6.29 μmol T E g -1 dw (DPPH
scavenging activity). The chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, carotenoids, flavonoids and flavonols contents were ranged from 0.93 to 1.78,
4.89 to 8.41, 13.53 to 19.56 mg g-1 dw, 3.30 to 5.40 and 2.30 to 4.10 mg Q E g -1 dw, resp. Obviously, the individual essential amino
acids (EAAs) and nonessential amino acids (NEAAs) recorded higher contents when compared to referenced protein. Total A A
showed in triple amount in moringa protein when compared F AO standard The acid value, iodine value, unsaponi ficable matter,
peroxide value, refractive index, saponification value of cold pressed moringa seeds oil found to be 0.29 - 0.37 mg·g- 1, 65.7 - 67.5,
0.60 to 0.74 g 100 g-1, 1.67 - 2.47 m Eq/Kg, 1.4607 - 1.4613, 171.7 to 178.3 mg K OH g-1, resp. Clearly, the unsatu rated fatty acids (USF
A) contents of M. oleifera edible oils were 77.14% - 84.98%, especially oleic (73.30% - 79.58%) . On contrary, the saturated fatty acids
(SFA) recorded 15.00% - 22.83% where palmitic and stearic acids were the predom inant SFA. The results of oil physic ochem.
parameters were compared with those of com. oils. It could be illustrated that moringa seeds and its oil considered as a good
source for dietary nutraceuticals and valuable characte ristics for potential nutritional and technol. applications.
Keywords: Moringa seed edible oil physic ochem property Egypt

259
The chemopreventive phytochemical moringin isolated from Moringa oleifera seeds inhibits JAK/STAT
signaling
By: Michl, Carina; Vivarelli, Fabio; Weigl, Julia; De Nicola, Gina Rosalinda; Canistro, Donatella; Paolini, Moreno; Iori, Renato; Rascle,
Anne
PLoS One (2016), 11(6), e0157430/1-e0157430/20 | Language: English, Database: CAplus and MEDLINE
Sulforaphane (SFN) and moringin (GMG-ITC) are edible isothiocyanates present as glucosinolate precursors in crucif erous
vegetables and in the plant Moringa oleifera resp., and recognized for their chemopre ventive and medicinal proper ties. In contrast
to the wellstudied SFN, little is known about the mol. pathways targeted by G MG-ITC. We invest igated the ability of GMG-ITC to
inhibit essential signaling pathways that are frequently upregulated in cancer and immune disorders, such as J AK/STAT and N F-κB.
We report for the first time that, similarly to SFN, GMG-ITC in the nanomolar range suppresses I L-3- induced expression of S TAT5
target genes. GMG-ITC, like SFN, does not inhibit S TAT5 phosphorylation, suggesting a downstream inhibitory event. Interestingly,
treatment with GMG-ITC or SFN had a limited inhibitory effect on I FNα-induced STAT1 and S TAT2 activity, indicating that both
isothiocyanates differentially target JAK/STAT signaling pathways. Furthe rmore, we showed that GMG-ITC in the micromolar range is
a more potent inhibitor of TNF-induced NF-κB activity than SFN. Finally, using a cellular system mimicking consti tutive active S TAT5-
induced cell transformation, we demonstrated that SFN can reverse the survival and growth advantage mediated by oncogenic S TA
T5 and triggers cell death, therefore providing exptl. evidence of a cancer chemopre ventive activity of SFN. This work thus identified
STAT5, and to a lesser extent S TAT1/STAT2, as novel targets of moringin. It also contri butes to a better underst anding of the biol.
activities of the dietary isothiocyanates GMG-ITC and SFN and further supports their apparent beneficial role in the prevention of
chronic illnesses such as cancer, inflammatory diseases and immune disorders.
Keywords: Moringa seed moringin sulforaphane JAK STAT signaling
260
Valorization of Moringa oleifera seed husk as biosorbent: isotherm and kinetics studies to remove
cadmium and copper from aqueous solutions
By: Garcia-Fayos, B.; Arnal, J. M.; Piris, J.; Sancho, M.

Desalination and Water Treatment (2016), 57(48-49), 23382-23396 | Language: English, Database: CAplus
Moringa oleifera is a plant with multiple uses. Among them, the best- known use of seeds is as natural coagulant for the clarifi
cation of turbid water. The process of prepar ation of the natural coagulant generates different wastes including Moringa seed
husk. This work studies the use of this waste as biosorbent for cadmium and copper removal. Exptl. results were analyzed using
Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms and the adsorption kinetics by pseudo-first and pseudo-second-order equations. The exptl.
results showed that the maximum removal of Cu and Cd was observed at pH 6, 1 h contact time, 1 mg/L initial concent ration of Cd
and 2 mg/L of Cu, and 1 g of biosorbent added. The percentages of metal removal were around 90% for both metals studied.
Results indicate that the data of Cu and Cd adsorption onto Moringa seed husk were best fit by the Langmuir model. The
adsorption capacity (q m) calculated from the Langmuir isotherm was 13.1 mg g -1 for both metals, higher than observed for other
biosorbents prepared from M. oleifera . The results indicate that the adsorption kinetic data were best described by pseudo-
second-order model. In summary, Moringa seed husk can be considered as potential and promising biosorbent for heavy metals
removal from water or wastewater systems.
Keywords: cadmium copper moringa seed husk biosorbent valorization

261
A review on promising phytochemical, nutritional and glycemic control studies on Moringa oleifera
Lam. in tropical and sub-tropical regions
By: Muhammad, Hafiz Irfan; Asmawi, Mohd. Zaini; Khan, Nurzalina Abdul Karim
Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine (2016), 6(10), 896-902 | Language: English, Database: CAplus
A review. Plants have provided sources to find novel compounds These plants are being used as therapeutic purposes since the
birth of mankind. The traditional healers normally utilize medicinal plants as crude drugs while scientists using the folk claim as
guides to explore medicinal plants. Moringa oleifera is a famous edible plant having therap eutic and nutritive values. The present
study was designed to cumulate the research data regarding to what extent, phytochem., nutritional and glycemic control studies
has been explored using its different extracts The articles indicated that the powder, aqueous, methanol and ethanol extracts of
Moringa oleifera (leaves, pods , seeds , stem and root bark) have signif icant therapeutic herbal potential to treat diabetes mellitus.
Collectively, the mechanism behind is intestinal glucose inhibi tion, insulin release as well as decrease in insulin resistance probably
regeneration of β-cells of pancreas, increase in glutathione and reduction in malondia ldehyde. Conclusively, this article give descri
ptive information about antidiabetic effect, claimed marker compounds and proposed antihyper glycemic mechanism of a single
plant. It can be suggested a potential herbal source to treat diabetes mellitus as being widely accepted by major population as
nutrition and therapeutic agent.
Keywords: phytochem antidiabetic Moringa review
262
Moringa oleifera Lam: Targeting Chemoprevention.
By: Karim, Nurul Ashikin Abd; Ibrahim, Muhammad Din; Kntayya, Saie Brindha; Rukayadi, Yaya; Hamid, Hazrulizawati Abd; Razis,
Ahmad Faizal Abdull
Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention : APJCP (2016), 17(8), 3675-86 | Language: English, Database: MEDLINE
Moringa oleifera Lam, family Moring aceae, is a perennial plant which is called various names, but is locally known in Malaysia as
"murungai" or "kelor". Glucomoringin, a glucosinolate with from M. oleifera is a major secondary metabolite compound. The seeds
and leaves of the plant are reported to have the highest amount of glucosinolates. M. oleifera is well known for its many uses
health and benefits. It is claimed to have nutritional, medicinal and chemopreventive potentials. Chemopreventive effects of M.
oleifera are expected due to the existence of glucosi nolate which it is reported to have the ability to induce apoptosis in anticancer
studies. Furthermore, chemopreventive value of M. oleifera has been demonstrated in studies utilizing its leaf extract to inhibit the
growth of human cancer cell lines. This review highlights the advantages of M. oleifera targeting chemopre vention where glucosi
nolates could help to slow the process of carcino genesis through several molecular targets. It is also includes inhibition of
carcinogen activation and induction of carcinogen detoxification, anti-inflammatory, anti-tumor cell proliferation, induction of
apoptosis and inhibition of tumor angiogenesis. Finally, for synerg istic effects of M. oleifera with other drugs and safety, essential
for chemoprevention, it is important that it safe to be consumed by human body and works well. Although there is promising
evidence about M. oleifera in chemoprevention, extensive research needs to be done due to the expected rise of cancer in coming
years and to gain more information about the mechanisms involved in M. oleifera influence, which could be a good source to
inhibit several major mechanisms involved in cancer development.

263
Moringa oleifera for drinking water treatment: influence of the solvent and method used in oil-
extraction on the coagulant efficiency of the seed extract
By: Garcia-Fayos, B.; Arnal, J. M.; Sancho, M.; Rodrigo, I.

Moringa oleifera seeds contain a cationic coagulant protein that can be used either for drinking water clarifi cation or wastewater
treatment. The seeds contain 30- 40% (weight/weight) oil, which represents a valuable resource with indust rial, food and renewable
energy applications. However, the oil also increases the organic matter added to water and avoids storage of treated water and its
consumption within 24 h. So oil extraction is recomm ended as a way to purify the extract This work proposes solvent extraction
using three solvents (hexane, acetone, ethanol) and two procedures (batch and Soxhlet) and analyses for the first time the influence
that these factors have on the coagulant efficiency of the extract prepared using defatted seeds . Results show that solvent-
defatted seed extracts have a coagulant efficiency comparable to that observed for polyalu minium chloride coagulant (up to 88%) ,
while non-defatted seed extract efficiency is 30% lower. Moreover, ethanol and Soxhlet method for oil extraction allows obtaining a
defatted extract that requires doses of coagulant protein 5-33 times lower than hexane or acetone defatted extract to clarify turbid
water, reducing in consequence the organic load added. S DS-PAGE anal. showed no influence of the solvent on the nature of the
coagulant protein present in the extracts The results of the study provide an oil extraction procedure that recovers M. oleifera oil
for industrial purposes and enhances the defatted seeds obtaining an improved coagulant for drinking water treatment.
Keywords: Soxhlet extraction drinking water treatment Moringa seed oil
264
Use of Moringa oleifera ( Moringa ) seed pods and Sclerocarya birrea (Morula) nut shells for removal
of heavy metals from wastewater and borehole water
By: Maina, Irene Wangari ; Obuseng, Veronica ; Nareetsile, Florence

Journal of Chemistry (2016), 9312952/1-9312952/13 | Language: English, Database: CAplus
Use of nonedible seed pods of Moringa oleifera ( Moringa ) tree and nutshells of Sclero carya birrea (Morula) tree for removal of
selected metal ions (lead, cadmium, copper, manganese, iron, zinc, and magnesium) from wastewater and borehole water samples
was investigated. Removal parameters such as contact time, p H, temperature, particle size, sorbent dose, and initial metal concent
ration were optimized. Determination of residual metal ions after employing sorbent was done using flame at. absorption spectr
oscopy (FAAS). Using 200 ng synthetic metal ion mixture in 50m L of water sample, the optimized parameters for Moringa seed
pods were 60 min contact time, 1.0 g of sorbent dose, p H 8, 100μm sorbent particle size, and extraction temp 35°C.While using
Morula nutshells, the optimized conditions were 120 min contact time, 2.0 g sorbent dose, pH 8, 100μm sorbent particle size, and
extraction temp of 35°C.The removal efficiency of acid treated sorbents was compared to that of untreated sorbents and it was
found to be higher for acid treated sorbents.These nonedible plant parts for Morula and Moringa plants are proposed as a cheap,
simple, and an effective alternative for purification of water contaminated with heavy metals.
Keywords: heavy metal Moringa borehole water wastewater Sclerocarya adsorption

265
Adsorption of organic pollutants from slaughterhouse wastewater using powder of Moringa oleifera
seeds as a natural coagulant
By: del Real-Olvera, Jorge; Rustrian-Portilla, Elena; Houbron, Eric; Landa-Huerta, Francisco J.
Desalination and Water Treatment (2016), 57(21), 9971-9981 | Language: English, Database: CAplus
The seed of Moringa oleifera Lam. (Moringaceae) comes from a tropical plant containing important quantities of edible oils and
water-soluble proteins with excellent coagulation properties which can be used in wastewater treatment. These proteins are non-
toxic natural organic polymers and biodegr adable. The main objective of this work was to use the powder of seeds of M. oleifera
Lam. as a natural coagulant for the adsorption of organic pollutants from slaughterhouse wastewater. The effects of adsorption
time, initial pH, slaughterhouse wastewater concentration and dosage of seed in powder were evaluated. The results indicated
that 180 min is necessary for a high adsorption. The greatest removal efficiency measured as COD was 5,614 mg/L (64%) and this
was reached using 7 g/L powder of seed , pH 9 and 8,772 mg/L of pollutant in wastew ater. This study elucidates that the sorption
process follows second-order kinetics and the values of constant are in the range 0.0427 ≤ k2 (g pollutant organic adsorbed/g of M.
oleifera min) ≤ 0.0516, with correl ation coefficients above 0.98. The adsorption data were fitted to the Langmuir and Freundlich
isotherm equations. The maximum adsorption capacity of 0.523 g COD/g powder suggests a good affinity between the organic
pollutants and the powder.
Keywords: Moringa coagulant organic pollutant adsorption slaught erhouse wastewater treatment
266
Moringa oleifera Lam. a study of ethnobotany, nutrients and pharmacological profile
By: Shah, Sunil Kumar; Jhade, D. N.; Chouksey, Rajendra

Research Journal of Pharmaceutical, Biological and Chemical Sciences (2016), 7(5), 2158-2165 | Language: English, Database: CAplus
A review. Moringa oleifera Lam. (Moringaceae) is traditionally known as mystical miracle tree or the tree of life. Moringa can
withstand both severe drought and mild frost conditions and hence widely cultivated across the world. Various parts of this plant
such as the leaves, roots, seed , bark, fruit, flowers and immature pods used since ancient times. It used as extremely rich in vital
nutrients and medicinal value, known to heal and ease many diseases: from various inflammations to parasitic diseases, diabetes,
cardiac, circulatory stimulants, antipyretic, antitumor, anti-inflammatory, antiepileptic, diuretic, antiulcer, antispa smodic antihyper
tensive, cholesterol lowering, antidiabetic, antioxidant, antibacterial, hepatoprotective, antifertility, antifungal activities and cancer
else. The present review is therefore, an effort to give a detailed survey of the literature on its nutritional and pharmacol. proper
ties.
Keywords: Moringa oleifera Lam ethnobotany nutrient pharmacol profile review

267
Use of Moringa oleifera in drinking water treatment: study of storage conditions and performance of
the coagulant extract
By: Garcia-Fayos, B.; Arnal, J. M.; Ruiz, V.; Sancho, M.

Access to safe drinking water is one of the main human rights. However, today, more than 700 million people live without access to
safe drinking water, especially in rural areas. Simple, effective, and low-cost tech. solutions are being sought to resolve this
situation. Moringa oleifera is an alternative, since their seeds contain a natural coagulant able to effect ively reduce the turbidity of
the raw water. Use of the seed as coagulant in water treatment is often performed as an aqueous extract but requires daily prepar
ation in order to keep its clarification properties. This work studies the storage of M. oleifera extract so it can be used for water
treatment without reducing its turbidity removal capacity. M. oleifera extract has been stored at different temper atures (25, - 4, and
-18°C), and it has been stored as liquid (crude extract) or as solid precip itate for 78 wk. The turbidity removal capacity of extracts
was studied by Jar test in synthetic turbid water of 100 NTU at 1, 3, 9, 14, 27, 40, and 78 wk. It has been found that coagulant protein
present in extract can be stored at room temperature as a solid precip itated by more than 78 wk mainta ining its maximum
turbidity removal capacity comparable to fresh crude extract Liquid crude extract storage is recommended at -18°C in order to
maintain turbidity removal capacity. The results obtained are very useful and would allow extending the application of the Moringa
extract, its storage and it would prevent from daily fresh preparation
Keywords: Moringa seed extract coagulant protein turbidity drinking water system
268
Experimental study on parameter estimation and mechanism for the removal of turbidity from
groundwater and synthetic water using Moringa oleifera seed powder
By: Senthil Kumar, P.; Centhil, V. M.; Kameshwari, R.; Palaniyappan, M.; Kalaivani, V. Durga; Pavithra, K. Grace
In the present work , Moringa oleifera seed powder was prepared and it was applied for the removal of turbidity from the ground
water and synthetic water. The characte rization of the M. oleifera seed powder was carried out by Fourier transform I R spectr
oscopy (FT-IR) and S EM (SEM) analyses. The F T-IR results observed the presence of different chem. functional groups in the M.
oleifera seed powder and the S EM anal. showed a smooth surface with rough peaks and pores in the M. oleifera seed powder.
The laboratory jar test procedures were applied for the conduct of exptl. runs. The turbidity of the groundwater and synthetic water
were varied from 50 to 135 NTU. The effect of operating parameters such as initial turbidity, M. oleifera dosage, and pH of the
solution were optimized for the maximum removal of turbidity. The results of the coagulation activity of M. oleifera showed that
the removal of turbidity lay in between 55 and 75% for synthetic turbid water and only 46-69% for ground water at an optimum p H
of 6-7. The obtained exptl. values were applied to the Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm model, to check the influence of sorption
of the particles onto the M. oleifera seed powder. The goodness of fit of exptl. data was observed with Langmuir isotherm model,
indicating a monolayer sorption of particles onto the M. oleifera seed powder. It was observed from the isotherm study indica tions
that the sorption may also be influenced in the removal of turbidity to some extent from the groundwater and synthetic water.
Keywords: Moringa seed powder turbidity coagulation groundwater purification

269
Assessment of the Antioxidant Effects of Moringa oleifera Lam. Extracts in Fish Oil during Storage
By: Nascimento, Jaqueline A.; Magnani, Marciane; Sousa, Janaina M. B.; Araujo, Kassandra L. G. V.; Epaminondas, Poliana S.; Souza,
Alline S.; Souza, Antonia L.; Silva, M. C. D.; Souza, Antonio G.
Journal of Food Processing and Preservation (2016), 40(1), 29-36 | Language: English, Database: CAplus
This study assessed the antioxidant activity of Moringa oleifera Lam. extracts on the oxidative stability of fish oil subjected to
conditions of accelerate storage (16 days at 60C) compared with synthetic antiox idants such as tertiary butylhydroquinone (TBHQ)
and butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT). Fish oil samples were added with leaves, flowers and seed pod extracts and evaluated for
peroxide, hydroperoxides, anisidine and conjugated diene values. Changes in trans- fatty acid and aldehyde content were also
assessed. The addition of Moringa extracts delayed the oxidation of fish oil; in partic ular, extracts of leaves showed a higher antiox
idant activity when compared with T BHQ and BHT, considering peroxide and hydroperoxide levels. To control the formation of
secondary oxidation compounds, synthetic antioxidants were most effective; however, leaf extract showed the highest protective
effects of polyunsaturated fatty content in fish oil. Results indicate that the extract of M. oleifera leaves is an effective antiox idant
to prevent oxidation in fish oil. Practical Applications : Antiox idants are important ingredients in food processing to retard, reduce
or prevent oxidative deterioration. Synthetic antiox idants are widely used in the food industry; however, their utiliz ation has been
questioned because of toxicity. Therefore, there is a growing interest in the use of natural antioxidants to reduce or replace the
synthetic antioxidants in edible oils. Moringa oleifera L. is a botanical specie that is well known for its rich compounds with high
antioxidant activity; in particular, its leaf extract can be used to replace synthetic antiox idants used in fish oil.
Keywords: Moringa fish oil storage time antiox idant activity
270
Preparation, characterization, and evaluation of Moringa oleifera pod husk adsorbents for aqueous
phase removal of norfloxacin
By: Wuana, Raymond A.; Sha'Ato, Rufus; Iorhen, Shiana

Chem. treated and carbonized adsorbents were prepared from Moringa oleifera pod husks (MPH) and evaluated for the aqueous
phase removal of Norfloxacin (NOX), a common antibiotic. The pulverized precursor was steeped in a saturated ammonium
chloride solution (24 h) to give the chem. treated adsorbent (AMPH). Pyrolysis of AMPH (623 K, 1/2 h) yielded the carbonized
adsorbent (CMPH). Both adsorbents showed favorable physic ochem. attributes (pH, bulk d., attrition, iodine adsorption number/
surface area, titratable surface charge, and F T-IR anal.). NOX removal was studied under the effects of initial solution p H (2-11),
adsorbent dosage (0.5-2.5 g), initial NOX concentration (5-25 mg/L), contact time (0-240 min), and temperature (298-328 K). Optimal
NOX uptake (mg/g) by A MPH (1.42) and CMPH (1.88) occurred at solution p H 5 and adsorbent dose of 0.5 g. Equili brium adsorption
obeyed the Langmuir isotherm. Free energy change (ΔG°), enthalpy change (ΔH°), and entropy change (ΔS°) indicated that the
adsorption of NOX was feasible, spontaneous, exothermic, and physisorptive. Kinetically, NOX uptake increased rapidly within the
first 10 min for both adsorbents and overall, was well modeled by the Blanchard pseudo-second-order equation. The adsorbents
may find use in the removal of microcontaminants of pharmaceutical origin from effluents/wastewater.
Keywords: Moringa pod husk adsorbent aqueous phase removal norfloxacin

271
An overview literature of medical support, food, curative, and prophylactic properties of Moringa
olifera
By: Neelima; Shami, T. C.; Shukla, Narendra; Mishra, Priya; Mishra, Pawan
The aim of this literature review was to provide advance research information for the future scientists to discover new drug mols.
from the medicinal plant, Moringa oleifera Lam. (Moringaceae). Moringa oleifera , or the horseradish tree , is a pan-tropical species
that is known by such regional names as benzolive, drumstick tree, kelor, marango, mlonge, mulangay, nebeday, saijhan and sajna.
Over the past two decades, many reports have appeared in mainstream scientific journals describing its nutritional and medicinal
properties. Its utility as a non- food product has also been extensively described, but will not be discussed herein, (e.g. lumber,
charcoal, fencing, water clarification, lubricating oil). As with many reports of the nutrit ional or medicinal value of a natural product,
there are an alarming number of purveyors of "healthful" food who are now promoting M. oleifera as a panacea. While much of
this recent enthusiasm indeed appears to be justified, it is critical to sep. rigorous scientific evidence from anecdote. Those who
charge a premium for products containing Moringa spp. must be held to a high standard Those who promote the cultiv ation and
use of Moringa spp. in regions where hope is in short supply must be provided with the best available evidence, so as not to raise
false hopes and to encourage the most fruitful use of scarce research capital. It is the purpose of this series of brief reviews to: (a)
critically evaluate the published scientific evidence on M. oleifera , (b) highlight claims from the tradit ional and tribal medicinal lore
and from non-peer reviewed sources that would benefit from further, rigorous scientific evaluation and (c) suggest directions for
future clin. research that could be carried out by local investigators in developing regions. The plant provides a rich and rare combin
ation of zeatin, quercetin, beta- sitosterol and kaempferol. In addition to its high nutritional value, Moringa oleifera Lam is very
important for its medicinal value. Various parts of this plant such as leaves, roots, seed , bark, fruit, flowers and immature pods act
as cardiac and circulatory stimulants, possess antitumor, antipyretic, anti-inflammatory, antiulcer, antispasmodic, diuretic, antihyper
tensive, cholesterol lowering, antioxidant, antidiabetic, hepatoprotective, antibacterial and antifungal activities and are being
employed for the treatment of different ailments in the indigenous system of medicine. This review gives the scientific information
regarding pharmacol. potentials of Moringa oleifera Lam. (Moringaceae).
Keywords: review Moringa medical support natural pharmac eutical

272
Antimicrobial evaluation of leaves & root bark of Moringa oleifera Lam. - a comparative study
By: Saini, Malvika; Bhamu, Mukesh Kumar; Sharma, Gaurav; Kotecha, Mit
Background: Moringa oleifera Lam. is a well- known plant for its krimighna action from ancient times. A lot of work has been done
on leaves & seeds for their pharmacol. actions. But limited work has been done on roots. Therefore this study was carried out.
Methods: Both aqueous and alc. extracts of leaves of both plants at 10, 20, 30% concentrations were tested for antimic robial activity
by agar well diffusion method against a range of gram-pos. and gram-neg. bacteria. Zone of inhibition of extracts were determ ined,
then activity index & IC50 value was calculated Results: Both ethanol and Aqueous extracts of leaves & root bark of Moringa oleifera
Lam. inhibited the growth of all the tested strains of bacteria. Ethanolic extract of root bark of Moringa oleifera Lam. has more
potent action against all microorganism i.e. ZOI (12mm, 16mm, 11mm, 13mm resp.) , AI( 0.6, 0.64, 0.611 resp.) , IC50 (1.626, 1.597,
1.685, 1.970 resp). aqueous extract of root bark of Moringa oleifera Lam. is effective against Pseudo monas aeruginosa with Z OI of
13mm, activity index of 0.65, IC50 of 1.763 Conclu sion: Root bark of Moringa oleifera Lam. has more potent antimic robial action
against all the four strains of bacteria in comparison to leaves of Moringa oleifera Lam. Conclusion: Root bark of Moringa oleifera
Lam. has more potent antimicrobial action against all the four strains of bacteria in comparison to leaves of Moringa oleifera Lam.
Keywords: Moringa leaf root bark antimic robial evaluation natural pharmac eutical
273
Effects of Moringa oleifera lam (moringaceae) seeds in rats fed with high fat diet
By: Hammam, Mustafa A.; Kalil, Gaber A.; El-Sayed, Salah M.; Ahmed, Ibrahim A.
Journal of Pharmaceutical, Chemical and Biological Sciences (2016), 4(1), 76-87 | Language: English, Database: CAplus
The present work aims to study the potential effect of Moringa Oleifera (MO) seed oil and seed ethanol extract to give more
protection against hyperlipidemia. Thirty male albino rats were used over 30 days period. The animals were divided into (5) groups,
wherein groups number (1) represent control which were fed basal diet, while group number (2) was received high fat diet to serve
as hyperlipidemic group. Other three groups allowed to feed high fat diet supple mented with seed oil, seed ethanol extract and
atrovastatin, group number (3) treated simulta neously with moringa seed oil, fourth group treated with moringa seed ethanol
extract while the last group treated with atrovastatin. At the end of the exptl. period, blood samples were collected to determine
lipid profile and determine the kidney functions include urea nitrogen and creatinine. Also liver was removed surgically for histop
athol. observation. From the obtained results we concluded that group of rats fed on high fat diet were considered as a major risk
factor for hyperlipidemia disease. Our results could be summarized that moringa seed oil and moringa seed ethanol extract
were considered the best for causing a reduction of TC, TG and LDL. Also, kidney function has been improved and there were signif
icant reduction urea than that of pos. control group. It could be concluded that moringa seed oil and moringa seed ethanol
extract under study are useful for the treatment of hyperlipidemia.
Keywords: Moringa seed oil hyperli pidemia high fat diet

274
Antimicrobial properties of Moringa oliefera against
By: Dixit, Saurabh; Tripathi, Astha; Kumar, Prabhat

The research work was investigated to compare the antimicrobial effect of Moringa oliefera leaf, bark and seed on pathogenic
bacteria. Extracts were prepared in aqueous and organic solvents i.e. ethanol, Et acetate, methanol and chloroform. Ethanol and Et
acetate extract of the leaf of M. oleifera were more effective while chloroform showed no zone of inhibition with all bacterial
strains except B. subtilis. Leaf extract was selected for further study. With antibiotics, maximum growth inhibition was observed in
V. cholerae (98.8%) in first dilution MIC values demonstrate that in bacterial strains the most sensitive strain with antibiotic was B.
cereus (5 mg/mL) and with leaf extract most sensitive strain was B. subtilis (16 mg/m L) however with antibiotics less sensitive
strains were S. typhi (18 mg/mL) and with leaf extract less sensitive strain was S. typhi (28 mg/m L).
Keywords: Moringa leaf bark seed antimicrobial agent bacterial infection
275
Integrated application of salicylic acid and Moringa oleifera leaf extract alleviates the salt-induced
adverse effects in common bean plants
By: Rady, Mostafa M.; Mohamed, Gamal F.; Abdalla, A. M.; Ahmed, Yasmin H. M.
Agricultural Technology (2015), 11(7), 1595-1614 | Language: English, Database: CAplus
The effects of the integrated application of salicylic acid (S A; 1 mM) and Moringa oleifera leaf extract (MLE; 1 extract: 30 tap water)
on the growth, yield and leaf anatomy of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) plants grown on a saline soil (EC = 6.23 - 6.28 d S m-1)
were investigated. The integrated applic ation of SA and M LE, used as seed soaking or foliar spray, signifi cantly improved growth
characteristics (i.e., shoot length, number and area of leaves per plant, and plant dry weight) , green pod and dry seed yields ( pod
weight per plant and per ha, and seed weight per plant and per ha) and leaf anatomy of common bean plants when compared
with the controls ( seed soaking and foliar spray with tap water) . The integrated application of SA used as seed soaking and M LE
used as foliar spray, which non-significantly exceeded the integrated applic ation of SA used as foliar spray and M LE used as seed
soaking, was found to be highly effective at improving the growth and yields of bean plants by alleviating the inhibitory effects of
soil salinity stress.
Keywords: Moringa Phaseolus salicylic acid leaf root growth

276
Food safety assessment of an antifungal protein from Moringa oleifera seeds in an agricultural
biotechnology perspective
By: Pinto, Clidia E. M.; Farias, Davi F.; Carvalho, Ana F. U.; Oliveira, Jose T. A.; Pereira, Mirella L.; Grangeiro, Thalles B.; Freire, Jose E. C.;
Viana, Daniel A.; Vasconcelos, Ilka M.
Food and Chemical Toxicology (2015), 83, 1-9 | Language: English, Database: CAplus and MEDLINE
Mo-CBP3 is an antifungal protein produced by Moringa oleifera which has been invest igated as potential candidate for developing
transgenic crops. Before the use of novel proteins, food safety tests must be conducted. This work represents an early food safety
assessment of Mo-CBP3, using the two-tiered approach proposed by I LSI. The history of safe use, mode of action and results for
amino acid sequence homol. using the full-length and short contiguous amino acids sequences indicate low risk associated to this
protein. Mo-CBP3 isoforms presented a reasonable number of alignments (>35% identity) with allergens in a window of 80 amino
acids. This protein was resistant to pepsin degradation up to 2 h, but it was susceptible to digestion using pancreatin. Many pos.
attributes were presented for Mo-CBP3. However, this protein showed high sequence homol. with allergens and resistance to
pepsin digestion that indicates that further hypothesis-based testing on its potential allergenicity must be done. Addnl., animal
toxicity evaluations (e.g. acute and repeated dose oral exposure assays) must be performed to meet the mandatory requir ements
of several regulatory agencies. Finally, the approach adopted here exemplified the importance of performing an early risk
assessment of candidate proteins for use in plant transformation programs.
Keywords: risk assessment allergen CBP3 Moringa seed food safety; Allergen; Chitin-binding protein; Mo-CBP(3); Risk assessment;
Transgenic crops; Weight of evidence
277
The incredible queen of green: nutritive value and therapeutic potential Moringa oleifera Lam
By: Amjad, Muhammad Shoaib; Qureshi, Huma; Arshad, Muhammad; Chaudhari, Sunbal Khalil; Masood, Maria
Journal of Coastal Life Medicine (2015), 3(9), 744-751 | Language: English, Database: CAplus
Moringa oleifera , rightly called as the miracle tree, is the extens ively grown and highly valuable species of Moring aceae family. The
tree has a pantropical distribution with nativity to Indian subcontinent. Nutritionally and therapeutically, it is a highly valued plant.
Vitamins, proteins, β-carotene, aminoacids and various phenolics such as β- sitosterol, caffeoylquinic acid, kaempferol, quercetin
and zeatin with potential for nutritional and therapeutic applications are enriched in different plant parts. Different plant parts of
this plant such as roots, leaves, bark, flowers, fruit of immature pods and seeds possess a number of therap eutic properties such
as diuretic, antipyretic, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antihypertensive, antitumor, antiulcer, antispa smodic, antidiabetic, choles
terol lowering, hepatoprotective and antimicrobial activities, and are being operational in various traiditional medicine system for
curing different health problems. Moringa is higly beneficial in depres sion, malnutrition, general weakness and osteoporosis. The
present review is intended to emphasize the phytochem. constitution, traditional medicinal uses along pharmacol. properties with
the purpose to create public awareness regarding therapeutic and nutritive potential of this multip urpose tree as well as to facilitate
the pharmacists and the researchers to fill the gap by exploring novel therapeutic compounds that will, of course, be in favor of
humanity.
Keywords: green nutritive therapeutic moringa

278
Determination of oil, fatty acid, tocopherol and antioxidant properties of Moringa oleifera seed oil
varieties for commercial plantation
By: Winthachai, S.; Vaithanomsat, P.; Punsuvon, V.

Asian Journal of Chemistry (2015), 27(9), 3507-3510 | Language: English, Database: CAplus
Moringa oleifera tree has never been succes sfully produced as the com. plantation in Thailand due to its unavail ability of high oil
content varieties. Our present work reports the chem. characte rization of 104 varieties of M. oleifera seeds imported from India
and collected in Thailand. The M. oleifera seeds were extracted with hexane in Soxhlet extractor for oil content anal., ranging from
25-40 % weight The oil was further analyzed for their fatty acid compos ition by gas chromatog. The result showed that M. oleifera
seed oil contained high level of unsatu rated fatty acid, especially oleic acid (up to 77.12 % wt) , followed by palmitic acid, stearic
acid, behenic acid, eicosenoic acid and linoleic acid. Eight varieties of M. oleifera (40.01-41.68 % wt oil) were selected for further
com. plantation and analyzed for their tocopherol (α-tocopherol, γ-tocopherol and δ-tocopherol) content, total phenolic content and
antioxidant activity.
Keywords: Moringa seed oil fatty acid tocopherol antiox idant property
279
Modulation of salt stress effects on the growth, physio-chemical attributes and yields of Phaseolus
vulgaris L. plants by the combined application of salicylic acid and Moringa oleifera leaf extract
By: Rady, Mostafa M.; Mohamed, Gamal F.

Scientia Horticulturae (Amsterdam, Netherlands) (2015), 193, 105-113 | Language: English, Database: CAplus
Two field experiments were aimed to study the effects of salicylic acid (S A; 1 mM) and Moringa oleifera leaf extract (MLE; 1 extract:
30 tap water), used singly or in combin ation on the growth, physio-chem. attributes and yields of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris
L.) plants grown on a saline soil (EC = 6.23 - 6.28 d S m -1). The SA or MLE application, used as seed soaking or foliar spray, improved
growth characteristics (i.e., shoot length, number and area of leaves per plant, and plant dry weight) and physio- chem. attributes
(i.e., RWC% and MSI%, concentrations of total chlorop hylls, total carotenoids, total soluble sugars, free proline and ascorbic acid,
contents of N, P, K and Ca, and ratios of K/Na and Ca/Na) in bean plants. In addition, green pod and dry seed yields were
improved when compared with the controls (tap water seed soaking or foliar spray) . Combined treatments of SA and M LE (i.e.,
seed soaking in SA + foliar spray with S A, seed soaking in SA + foliar spray with M LE, seed soaking in M LE + foliar spray with S A,
and seed soaking in M LE + foliar spray with M LE) significantly increased all aboveme ntioned parameters compared to the control
( seed soaking in tap water + foliar spray with tap water) . In contrast, there were signif icant reductions in leaf E L% and Na% under
these combined treatments. The combined seed soaking in SA + foliar spray with M LE treatment was found to be highly effective at
improving the growth and yields of bean plants by alleviating the inhibitory effects of soil salinity stress.
Keywords: Phaseolus Moringa leaf extract salicylic acid growth salinity stress

280
Green-synthesized silver nanoparticles as a novel control tool against dengue virus (DEN-2) and its
primary vector Aedes aegypti.
By: Sujitha, Vasu; Murugan, Kadarkarai; Paulpandi, Manickam; Panneerselvam, Chellasamy; Suresh, Udaiyan; Roni, Mathath;
Nicoletti, Marcello; Higuchi, Akon; Madhiyazhagan, Pari; Subramaniam, Jayapal; et al
Parasitology research (2015), 114(9), 3315-25 | Language: English, Database: MEDLINE
Dengue is an arthropod-borne viral infection mainly vectored through the bite of Aedes mosqui toes. Recently , its transmission has
strongly increased in urban and semi-urban areas of tropical and sub-tropical regions worldwide, becoming a major international
public health concern. There is no specific treatment for dengue. Its prevention and control solely depends on effective vector
control measures. In this study, we proposed the green-synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNP) as a novel and effective tool against
the dengue serotype DEN-2 and its major vector Aedes aegypti. Ag NP were synthesized using the Moringa oleifera seed extract as
reducing and stabilizing agent. Ag NP were characterized using a variety of biophy sical methods including UV-vis spectroscopy,
Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (S EM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), X-
ray diffraction (XRD), and sorted for size catego ries. AgNP showed in vitro antiviral activity against D EN-2 infecting vero cells. Viral
titer was 7 log10 TCID50/ml in control (AgNP-free), while it dropped to 3.2 log10 T CID50/ml after a single treatment with 20 μl/ml of
AgNP. After 6 h, DEN-2 yield was 5.8 log10 P FU/ml in the control, while it was 1.4 log10 P FU/ml post-treatment with Ag NP (20 μl/ml).
AgNP were highly effective against the dengue vector A. aegypti, with L C50 values ranging from 10.24 ppm (I instar larvae) to 21.17
ppm (pupae). Overall, this research highli ghted the concrete potential of green- synthesized AgNP in the fight against dengue and its
primary vector A. aegypti. Further research on structure-activity relationships of Ag NP against other dengue serotypes is urgently
required.

281
Antibiofilm potential of flavonoids extracted from Moringa oleifera seed coat against Staphylococcus
aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Candida albicans
By: Onsare, J. G.; Arora, D. S.

Journal of Applied Microbiology (2015), 118(2), 313-325 | Language: English, Database: CAplus and MEDLINE
The increased microbial drug resistance due to biofilms and the side effects associated using conventional drugs is still a major
concern in the medical fraternity. This work evaluates the antibiofilm potential of flavonoids extracted from Moringa oleifera seed
coat (SC) in a search for green and effective altern atives for overcoming the menace of biofilms. The study evaluated the min.
inhibitory concentration (MIC) of flavonoids against resp. test organisms, inhibition of initial cell attachment as well as disruption of
preformed biofilms and metabolic activity of treated biofilms. Mutagenicity and cytotoxicity as well as characterization of the active
component were also carried out. Although Pseudomonas aeruginosa showed the lowest M IC of 0·05 mg ml -1, the action of
flavonoids and gentamicin on initial cell attachment revealed a comparable effect against bacterial biofilms, i.e. Staphylococcus
aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa with ∼80% inhibition compared to Candida albicans. Disruption of the preformed biofilms
revealed that susceptibility of P. aeruginosa began as early as 4 h of exposure to flavonoids with 88% growth inhibition at the end
of 24-h incubation. Encouragingly, t-test anal. on the effect of the extract and the standard antibiotic against each organism
indicated no significant variance at P < 0·05. A drastic low metabolic activity exhibited by the treated biofilms as compared to the
untreated ones was further supportive of the antibiofilm potential of seed coat flavonoids. Thus, the bioactive component from M.
oleifera seed coat has exhibited antibi ofilm potential against the test organisms belonging to Gram pos., Gram neg. and yeast.
Antibiofilm potential and biosafety of plant- based flavonoids from M. oleifera seed coat reveal a prospe ctive active principle that
could be of use in biofilm-associated menace.
Keywords: Moringa seed coat flavonoid antibi ofilm; Moringa oleifera ; antibiofilm; flavonoids; gram negative bacteria; gram
positive bacteria; seed coat; yeast
282
Exercise -induced oxidative stress and dietary antioxidants.
By: Yavari, Abbas; Javadi, Maryam; Mirmiran, Parvin; Bahadoran, Zahra

Asian journal of sports medicine (2015), 6(1), e24898 | Language: English, Database: MEDLINE
CONTEXT: Overproduction of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species during physical exercise , exercise induced oxidative stress and
antioxidant supplementation is interesting and controversial concepts that have been considered during the past decades. E VIDENC
E ACQUISITION: In this review, we aimed to summarize current evidence in relation to antiox idant supplementation outcomes
during exercise and physical activity. For this aim, we obtained relevant articles through searches of the Medline and Pub Med
databases between 1980 to 2013. Although major studies have indicated that antioxidants could attenuate biomarkers of exercise -
induced oxidative stress and the use of antiox idant supplement is a common phenomenon among athletes and physically active
people, there are some doubts regarding the benefits of these. RESULTS: It seems that the best recommendations regarding antiox
idants and exercise are having a balanced diet rich in natural antiox idants and phytochemicals. CONCLUSIONS: Regular consum
ption of various fresh fruits and vegeta bles, whole grains, legumes and beans, sprouts and seeds is an effective and safe way to
meet all antioxidant requirements in physically active persons and athletes.
Keywords: Antioxidant; Exercise -Induced; Glutathione; Minerals; Oxidative Stress; Reactive Oxygen Species; Vitamin C; Vitamin E

283
In vitro Evaluation of Cytotoxic Activities of Essential Oil from Moringa oleifera Seeds on HeLa,
HepG2, MCF-7, CACO-2 and L929 Cell Lines.
By: Elsayed, Elsayed Ahmed; Sharaf-Eldin, Mahmoud A; Wadaan, Mohammad

Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention : APJCP (2015), 16(11), 4671-5 | Language: English, Database: MEDLINE
Moringa oleifera Lam. (Moringaceae) is widely consumed in tropical and subtro pical regions for their valuable nutrit ional and
medicinal characteristics. Recently , extensive research has been conducted on leaf extracts of M. oleifera to evaluate their
potential cytotoxic effects. However, with the exception of antimicrobial and antiox idant activities, little information is present on
the cytotoxic activity of the essential oil obtained from M. oleifera seeds . Therefore, the present investigation was designed to
investigate the potential cytotoxic activity of seed essential oil obtained from M. oleifera on HeLa, HepG2, MCF-7, CACO-2 and L929
cell lines. The different cell lines were subjected to increasing oil concentrations ranging from 0.15 to 1 mg/m L for 24h, and the
cytotoxicity was assessed using M TT assay. All treated cell lines showed a signif icant reduction in cell viability in response to the
increasing oil concentration. Moreover, the reduction depended on the cell line as well as the oil concent ration applied. Additionally,
HeLa cells were the most affected cells followed by Hep G2, MCF-7, L929 and CACO-2, where the percentages of cell toxicity
recorded were 76.1, 65.1, 59.5, 57.0 and 49.7%, respectively. Furthermore, the IC50 values obtained for M CF-7, HeLa and HepG2
cells were 226.1, 422.8 and 751.9 μg/mL, respectively. Conclusively, the present investigation provides preliminary results which
suggest that seed essential oil from M. oleifera has potent cytotoxic activities against cancer cell lines.
284
Alternatives to the use of synthetic organic coagulant aids in drinking water treatment: improvements
in the application of the crude extract of Moringa oleifera seed
By: Garcia-Fayos, B.; Arnal, J. M.; Monforte-Monleon, L.; Sancho, M.

Drinking water treatment is a process based on multiple stages that has a main objective to provide water safe enough to be
consumed by humans. Coagulation-flocculation is used to remove colloidal and suspended solids. This process improves the perfor
mance of subsequent stages (as sedimen tation or filtration) as well as the water quality with a desired end- use. For many years,
inorganic and organic synthetic polyelectrolytes have been used in coagul ation-flocculation processes. However, its use has been
deeply studied recently to determine the potential impact of residual concent ration of these substances on human health and the
environment. Strict regulations limit the concentration of free residual monomer after the addition of polyacr ylamide (PAM) in
drinking water treatment and study the effect of interaction of the residues with disinfection products. Therefore, in the last years
there has been a resurgence of interest to use natural materials with the same performance that synthetic, but with lower hazard
for the environment and humans. This work studies the use of the flocculant extracted from Moringa oleifera seed , in combin
ation with polyaluminum chloride (PAC). The performance is compared with the combin ation PAC-PAM in terms of coagulant
activity and phys.-chem. quality of the water treated. Jar test was carried out using two types of natural water (with presence of
bentonites) and different combinations of coagulant and floccu lants. Results show that coagulant activity of P AC- Moringa combin
ation is comparable with the results obtained with P AC-PAM, reducing initial turbidity up to 90% in all the tests. With regard to
phys.-chem. quality of the treated water, P AC- Moringa produces values under the drinking water quality standards for all the
parameters analyzed. It is remarkable that the decrease of 50% in the trihalomethanes formation potential rate shown for PAC-
Moringa combination, observed when treating natural water with presence of benton ites. Therefore, the results obtain in this
work encourage the use of Moringa oleifera extract as a natural, low cost, effective, and low- toxicity alternative to the use of
synthetic organic polyelectrolytes as polyacrylamide for drinking water treatment.
Keywords: synthetic organic coagulant Moringa seed extract drinking water treatment

285
Review of the Safety and Efficacy of Moringa oleifera
By: Stohs, Sidney J.; Hartman, Michael J.

Phytotherapy Research (2015), 29(6), 796-804 | Language: English, Database: CAplus and MEDLINE
A review. Moringa oleifera leaves, seeds , bark, roots, sap, and flowers are widely used in tradit ional medicine, and the leaves and
immature seed pods are used as food products in human nutrition. Leaf extracts exhibit the greatest antiox idant activity, and
various safety studies in animals involving aqueous leaf extracts indicate a high degree of safety. No adverse effects were reported
in association with human studies. Five human studies using powd. whole leaf prepar ations of M. oleifera have been published,
which have demonstrated anti-hyperglycemic (antidiabetic) and anti-dyslipidemic activities. These activities have been confirmed
using extracts as well as leaf powders in animal studies. A rapidly growing number of published studies have shown that aqueous,
hydroalc., or alc. extracts of M. oleifera leaves possess a wide range of addnl. biol. activities including antiox idant, tissue protective
(liver, kidneys, heart, testes, and lungs), analgesic, antiulcer, antihypertensive, radioprotective, and immunomodulatory actions. A
wide variety of polyphenols and phenolic acids as well as flavon oids, glucosinolates, and possibly alkaloids is believed to be respon
sible for the observed effects. Standard ization of products is an issue. However, the results of published studies to date involving M.
oleifera are very promising. Addnl. human studies using standa rdized extracts are highly desirable. © 2015 The Authors Phytot
herapy Research Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Keywords: Moringa oleifera review; Moringa oleifera ; anti-dyslipidemic; anti-hyperglycemic; antioxidant; chemoprotectant; leaf
extract
286
Water-soluble Moringa oleifera lectin interferes with growth, survival and cell permeability of
corrosive and pathogenic bacteria
By: Moura, M. C.; Napoleao, T. H.; Coriolano, M. C.; Paiva, P. M. G.; Figueiredo, R. C. B. Q.; Coelho, L. C. B. B.
Journal of Applied Microbiology (2015), 119(3), 666-676 | Language: English, Database: CAplus and MEDLINE
Aims : This work evaluated the antibacterial activity of a water-soluble Moringa oleifera seed lectin (WSMoL) by evaluating its effect
on growth, survival and cell permeability of Bacillus sp., Bacillus cereus,Bacillus pumillus,Bacillus megaterium,Micrococcus sp.,
Pseudomonas sp., Pseudomonas fluorescens,Pseudomonas stutzeri and Serratia marces cens. In addition, the effect of lectin on
membrane integrity of most sensitive species was also evaluated. All the tested bacteria are able to cause biocorrosion and some
are also responsible for human infections. Methods and Results : W SMoL inhibited the bacterial growth, induced aggluti nation and
promoted the leakage of proteins from cells of all strains. Bactericidal effect was detected against Bacillus sp., B. pumillus, B.
megaterium, Ps. fluorescens and Ser. marcescens. The bacteriostatic effect of lectin was evident with only 6 h of incuba tion. Fluore
scence microscopy of Ser. marcescens showed that W SMoL caused loss of cell integrity and indicated an antibiofilm activity of the
lectin. Conclusions : WSMoL was active against the bacteria by inhibiting growth and affecting cell permeab ility. The lectin also
interfered with membrane integrity of Ser. marcescens, the most sensitive species. Signif icance and Impact of the Study : The study
indicates that WSMoL was active against bacteria that cause serious problems in both industrial and health sectors. Also, the study
contributes for the 'state- of-art' on antibac terial mechanisms of lectins.
Keywords: Moringa Bacillus Micrococcus Serratia lectin growth antibac terial; Moringa oleifera ; Serratia marces cens; antibacterial
activity; biocorrosion; lectin; seeds

287
Moringa oleifera leaf extract improves growth, physio-chemical attributes, antioxidant defence
system and yields of salt-stressed Phaseolus vulgaris L. plants
By: Zaki, Safi-naz S.; Rady, Mostafa M.

International Journal of ChemTech Research (2015), 8(11), 120-134 | Language: English, Database: CAplus
Two field experiments are aimed to study the effect of Moringa oleifera leaf extract (MLE; 1 extract paste: 30 tap water) , used as
seed soaking and/or foliar applic ation, on the growth, physio- chem. attributes and yields of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)
plants grown on a saline soil (EC = 6.23 - 6.28) . The MLE application used as seed soaking or foliar spray signifi cantly increased
growth characteristics (i.e., shoot length, number and area of leaves per plant, and plant dry weight) , physio-chem. attributes (i.e., R
WC% and MSI%, concentrations of total chlorop hylls, total carotenoids, total soluble sugars, free proline and ascorbic acid, contents
of N, P, K and Ca, and ratios of K/Na, Ca/Na and K + Ca/Na), antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase, ascorbate peroxidase and
glutathione reductase) and the yields of green pods and dry seeds , when compared with the controls ( seed soaking and foliar
spray with tap water). Further, the M LE application used as seed soaking in combination with foliar spray signifi cantly increased all
aforementioned parameters compared to the control and the single treatments with M LE ( seed soaking or foliar spray) . In contrast,
there were significant reductions in leaf E L%, Na% and the enzyme catalase. The combined treatment of seed soaking and foliar
spray with MLE was found to be highly effective at improving the growth and yields of common bean plants by allevi ating the
inhibitory effects of soil salinity stress.
Keywords: Phaseolus Moringa growth yield antiox idant defense system salt stress
288
Extraction of functional components from Moringa oleifera and development of Moringa oleifera -
based products
By: Liu, Fengxia; Wang, Miaomiao; Zhao, Youwei; Xu, Xiaoyun; Pan, Siyi
Shipin Kexue (Beijing, China) (2015), 36(19), 282-286 | Language: Chinese, Database: CAplus
A review. Moringa oleifera is a miraculous plant with high nutrit ional value. Almost all parts of this plant including roots, stems,
leaves, flowers, seeds , branch and bark are reported to have important medicinal values. This article reviews the recent progress
made in the extraction of functional components from Moringa oleifera , including seed oil, phenolics and flavonoids, polysacc
harides and proteins, as well as in the develo pment of Moringa oleifera -based products. Furthermore the application prospect of
Moringa oleifera in China is discussed as well.
Keywords: review functional component Moringa extraction

289
Chemical and phytochemical composition of Moringa seed powder and antifungal activity of seed
extracts against seed borne fungi
By: Sahab, Ahmed Farahat; Nawar, Lubna S.

International Journal of ChemTech Research (2015), 8(2), 686-695 | Language: English, Database: CAplus
The aim of the current study were to determine the quality of Moringa oleifera seeds and to detect the invitro antifungal activity
of seed extracts and their phytochem. and elemental compos ition Seeds of moringa recently collected or stored for one to three
years were contaminated with fungi with an average of 48.44% on P DA medium. The percentage of fungal infection was higher in
seeds produced during season of 2011 (stored for 3 years), followed by seeds produced at season of 2012 with signif icant
difference (87.50 and 50.00% resp.). Moringa seeds recently collected during season of 2014 showed low fungal densities than the
corresponding figures of stored seeds for 1-3 years. Fourteen species which belong to nine genera were detected and they were
classified as, Alternaria alternata (11.82%), Aspergillus candidus (4.32%) , A. flavus (6.34%), A. niger (14.46%), A. regulosus (1.87%) , A.
sydowii (3.08%), A. terreus (6.09%), Chaetomium globosum (7.55%) , Fusarium solani (2.35%) , Helminthosporium sp. (5.97%), Macrop
homina phaseolina (6.88), Nigrospora sphaerica (16.69%), Rhizoctonia solani (4.19%) and Rhizopus nigricans (8.35) . The ethanolic
seed extract was found to be more effective than the water extract The ethanolic seed extract at 100% cause increase in zone of
inhibition in all tested fungi reaching 2.70-3.77mm, whereas, at 50% concent ration reaching between 1.40-1.93mm. The aqueous
extract of moringa seeds at 100% concent ration showed moderate activity against all tested fungi (inhibition zone between 0.43-
1.33 mm) compared with the standard fungicide (inhibition zone 4.23 - 4.90 mm) . The results of the phytochem. anal. revealed
differences in the presence of components among the seed extracts The total phenol was decreased from 7.00 to 3.19 mg/g (54.4%
decrease) and total flavonoids from 0.697 to 0.550 mg/g (21.09 decrease) in moringa recently collected (2014) and stored seeds
for 3 years resp. The percentage of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium were high in recently collected seeds than in the stored
seeds , as the percentages were 5.6, 0.64 and 1.18 % in recently collected seeds resp. and reduced to 5.1, 0.91 and 1.11 % resp. in
old seeds for 3 years. G C/MS anal. of recent collected moringa and stored seed extracts led to the identif ication of different
compounds Extract of recent collected seeds during season 2014 contained some compounds varied in their chem. compos ition
and mol. weight than old seeds of 3 years.
Keywords: Moringa Alternaria Chaetomium Fusarium Aspergillus seed antifungal
290
An experimental investigation of alum and moringa oleifera seed in water treatment
By: Sethupathy, A.
International Journal of Advanced Research (2015), 3(1), 515-518 | Language: English, Database: CAplus
The main objective of this work is comparing the effectiveness of alum as a chem. coagulant and M. oleifera as natural coagulant
for treating river water. In this study, the water sample was collected from Cauvery River, at Srirangam, Trichy. Various concent
ration of alum viz 15,25,35,45 ppm and M. oleifera viz 10,20,30,40 ppm were taken. Before and after treatment of river sample were
analyzed of phys. parameters like pH, Turbidity, T DS, Elec. conduc tivity and chem. parameters like Total Hardness, alkanity, Chloride,
Fe. The present study discussed that treating turbid water from river with alum and Moringa oleifera as coagulant and for further
purification required simple sand filtration assembly for rural people purpose.

291
Exercise training reinstates cortico-cortical sensorimotor functional connectivity following striatal

lesioning: development and application of a subregional-level analytic toolbox for perfusion
autoradiographs of the rat brain.
By: Peng, Yu-Hao; Heintz, Ryan; Wang, Zhuo; Guo, Yumei; Myers, Kalisa G; Scremin, Oscar U; Maarek, Jean-Michel I; Holschneider,
Daniel P
Frontiers in physics (2014), 2, | Language: English, Database: MEDLINE
Current rodent connectome projects are revealing brain structural connectivity with unprecedented resolution and completeness.
How subregional structural connectivity relates to subregional functional interactions is an emerging research topic. We describe a
method for standardized, mesoscopic-level data sampling from autoradiographic coronal sections of the rat brain, and for correl
ation-based analysis and intuitive display of cortico- cortical functional connectivity (FC) on a flattened cortical map. A graphic user
interface "Cx-2D" allows for the display of signif icant correlations of individual regions-of-interest, as well as graph theoretical
metrics across the cortex. Cx-2D was tested on an autoradiographic data set of cerebral blood flow (C BF) of rats that had undergone
bilateral striatal lesions, followed by 4 weeks of aerobic exercise training or no exercise . Effects of lesioning and exercise on
cortico-cortical FC were examined during a locomotor challenge in this rat model of Parkins onism. Subregional FC analysis revealed
a rich functional reorganization of the brain in response to lesioning and exercise that was not apparent in a standard analysis
focused on CBF of isolated brain regions. Lesioned rats showed diminished degree centrality of lateral primary motor cortex, as well
as neighboring somatosensory cortex-changes that were substantially reversed in lesioned rats following exercise training . Seed
analysis revealed that exercise increased positive correl ations in motor and somatos ensory cortex, with little effect in non- sensor
imotor regions such as visual, auditory, and piriform cortex. The current analysis revealed that exercise partially reinstated sensor
imotor FC lost following dopami nergic deafferentation. Cx-2D allows for standardized data sampling from images of brain slices, as
well as analysis and display of cortico-cortical FC in the rat cerebral cortex with potential applic ations in a variety of autoradi
ographic and histologic studies.
Keywords: Parkinson’s Disease; brain mapping; cerebral cortex; dopamine; exercise ; functional connectivity; motor training ;
software

292
Ethanolics extracts of Moringa - Antioxidant effect in soybean oil by PDSC and Rancimat
By: Nascimento, Jaqueline A.; Araujo, Kassandra L. G. V.; Epaminondas, Poliana S.; Pontes, Alline L. S.; Souza, Antonia L.; Queiroz,
Neide; Souza, Antonio G.
Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry (2014), 117(1), 265-268 | Language: English, Database: CAplus
The use of natural antioxidants was widely promoted in the food industry, because it is econom ically viable and very attractive with
consumers. In this study, the authors determined the extractable total phenolic content (F ET) of crude ethanol extracts of the leaves
(EL), flowers, and seed pods of Moringa oleifera Lam. The authors also evaluated the antiox idant effect of the extracts on
oxidative stability of soybean oil, through the accelerated PDSC and Rancimat techniques using the synthetic antiox idants butylated
hydroxytoluene (BHT) and tert-butylhydroquinone (TBHQ) as pos. control. The values of FET in the extracts ranged from 41.75 ±
3.35 to 53.69 ± 1.00 mg GAE g -1, and EL extract exhibited best result. The results of oxidative stability in both techniques showed
that the EL extract provided greater protection to the oil, indicating a correl ation between the amount of FET and the protective
effect. Comparison made between the synthetic antioxidants and extracts revealed that in the Rancimat technique, extracts were
less effective than the synthetic antioxidants TBHQ and BHT, however, in the PDSC technique the EL extract was more effective than
BHT, proving to be a good altern ative for applications in the soybean oil, replacing this synthetic antiox idant.
Keywords: Moringa antioxidant soybean oil oxidative stability
293
Antiinflammatory activity of glucomoringin isothiocyanate in a mouse model of experimental

autoimmune encephalomyelitis
By: Galuppo, Maria; Giacoppo, Sabrina; De Nicola, Gina Rosalinda; Iori, Renato; Navarra, Michele; Lombardo, Giovanni Enrico ;
Bramanti, Placido; Mazzon, Emanuela
Fitoterapia (2014), 95, 160-174 | Language: English, Database: CAplus and MEDLINE
Glucomoringin (4(α-L-rhamnosyloxy)-benzyl glucosinolate) (GMG) is an uncommon member of glucosinolate group belonging to the
Moringaceae family, of which Moringa oleifera Lam. is the most widely distri buted. Bioactivation of GMG with the enzyme
myrosinase forms the corresponding isothiocyanate (4(α-L-rhamnosyloxy)-benzyl isothiocyanate) (GMG-ITC), which can play a key
role in antitumoral activity and counteract the inflammatory response. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of G MG-ITC
treatment in an exptl. mouse model of multiple sclerosis (MS), an inflammatory demyelinating disease with neurodegeneration
characterized by demyelinating plaques, neuronal, and axonal loss. For this reason, C57 Bl/6 male mice were injected with myelin
oligodendrocyte glycoprotein35-55 which is able to evoke an autoimmune response against myelin fibers miming human multiple
sclerosis physiopatogenesis. Results clearly showed that the treatment was able to counteract the inflam matory cascade that
underlies the processes leading to severe MS. In particular, GMG-ITC was effective against proinfla mmatory cytokine TNF-α.
Oxidative species generation including the influence of iNOS, nitrotyrosine tissue expression and cell apoptotic death pathway was
also evaluated resulting in a lower Bax/Bcl-2 unbalance. Taken together, this work adds new interesting properties and applicability
of GMG-ITC and this compound can be suggested as a useful drug for the treatment or prevention of M S, at least in associ ation
with current conventional therapy.
Keywords: antiinflammatory glucomoringin isothiocyanate Moringa seed exptl autoimmune encephalomyelitis; Cytokines;
Glucomoringin; Inflammation; Isothiocyanate; Multiple sclerosis

294
Extraction and manufacturing process of natural products based on Moringa oleifera seeds intended
to the industries of animal feed, fuel, food, cosmetic, sanitizing and sugarcane power plants,
consisting on the steps of collection/extrusion of the shell of the Moringa seed , cold extraction and
instant filtration of the vegetable oil, grinding, pulverization and amidic drying and on the phase of
flocculant and clarifying enrichment of the bioactive coagulant
Assignee: Claeff Engenharia Projetos e Instalacoes Industriais Ltda

Brazil, BR102012003623 A2 2014-03-18 | Language: Portuguese, Database: CAplus
The invention relates to the bioactive coagulant obtained with the following phases: 1. preparation of the starting material, 2.
production of the proteic and vitaminic meal composed of the pod and shell of dehydrated Moringa seed , 3.production of proteic
and vitaminic extra virgin Moringa vegetable oil, 4. production of phosphated bioactive coagulant where three products of interest
for the consumer market are produced, with a maximum efficiency of extraction of active organics aiming at the release of
production waste. The production consists of batch process to prevent contamination of microorganisms harmful to the products
developed. The seed of Moringa oleifera is composed of approx. 40% proteic and vitaminic vegetable oil where 78%, 7.0% and 4%
consist of oleic, palmitic and stearic oils, resp., being these lipids quite used both for fuel industries aimed at producing biodiesel as
by food and cosmetics industries due to its good taste and its moisturizer, remineralizing and brightness donor potential to hair
due to its high proteic potential.
Keywords: Moringa oleifera seed bioactive coagulant
295
In vitro antimicrobial evaluation and phytoconstituents of Moringa oleifera pod husks
By: Arora, Daljit Singh; Onsare, Jemimah Gesare

Phyto-medicine is regaining interest, owing to its advantages over conven tional drugs and increasing cases of drug resist ance. This
work evaluates in vitro antimic robial properties and establ ishes the active phytoconstituents of microbiol. unexplored Moringa
oleifera pod husks against Gram pos., Gram neg. bacteria and yeast pathogens. The M IC values varied with different organisms
except in few cases such as Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Salmonella typhim urium 1, Escherichia coli,
Klebsiella pneumoniae 1 which belong to the two major groups of bacteria where a similar MIC value of 400 mg/l was observed
Interestingly, the clin. isolate of M RSA exhibited the lowest M IC of 300 mg/l. Most of the Gram neg. bacteria and Candida tropicalis
were killed instantly at MIC concentrations ranging from 800 mg/l to 8000 mg/l. The acetone extract induced longer P AE ranging
from 18.3 h to 20.3 h and 20 h to 21.6 h in some Gram pos. such as Staphylococcus epidermidis, Enterococcus faecalis and Gram
neg. bacteria such as Klebsiella pneumoniae 2, and Salmonella typhimurium 2 resp. as compared to ciprofl oxacin. The biosafety
assays for mutagenicity and toxicity tested neg. at 300 mg/l and 4000 mg/l concent rations The major phytoconstituents established
were alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, diterpenes, triterpenes, and cardiac glycos ides. Flavonoids and diterpenes, exhibited inhibitory
properties against all test organisms except Klebsiella pneumoniae 2 and Candida tropicalis. In conclusion, the identified active
phytochems. have exhibited antimicrobial potential against a wide range of medically important pathogens including M RSA, a drug
resistant bug. Hence, M. oleifera pod husks which are usually considered as agri- residues hold the potential for development of
drugs or drug leads of broad spectrum activity including multidrug resistant bugs which are currently of great concern.
Keywords: Moringa seed pod alkaloid flavonoid tannin saponin antimic robial

296
' Moringa oleifera : study of phenolics and glucosinolates by mass spectrometry'
By: Maldini, Mariateresa; Maksoud, Salwa A.; Natella, Fausta; Montoro, Paola; Petretto, Giacomo Luigi; Foddai, Marzia; De Nicola,
Gina Rosalinda; Chessa, Mario; Pintore, Giorgio
Journal of Mass Spectrometry (2014), 49(9), 900-910 | Language: English, Database: CAplus and MEDLINE
Moringa oleifera is a medicinal plant and an excellent dietary source of micronu trients (vitamins and minerals) and health-
promoting phytochems. (phenolic compounds, glucosinolates and isothiocyanates). Glucosinolates and isothiocyanates are known
to possess anti-carcinogenic and antiox idant effects and have attracted great interest from both toxicol. and pharmacol. points of
view, as they are able to induce phase 2 detoxification enzymes and to inhibit phase 1 activation enzymes. Phenolic compounds
possess antioxidant properties and may exert a preven tative effect in regards to the develo pment of chronic degenerative diseases.
The aim of this work was to assess the profile and the level of bioactive compounds in all parts of M. oleifera seedlings, by using
different MS approaches. First, flow injection electr ospray ionization mass spectrometry (FI-ESI-MS) fingerprinting techniques and
chemometrics (PCA) were used to achieve the characte rization of the different plant's organs in terms of profile of phenolic
compounds and glucosinolates. Second, LC-MS and LC-MS/MS qual. and quant. methods were used for the identif ication and/or
determination of phenolics and glucosinolates in M. oleifera . Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Keywords: phenolic glucosinolate Moringa ; LC-MS; MRM; Moringa oleifera ; PCA; glucosinolates
297
Sensory and nutritional characteristics of kununzaki enriched with moringa (Moringa oleifera ) seed
flour
By: Olosunde, O. O.; Abiodun, O. A.; Amanyunose, A. A.; Adepeju, A. B.

American Journal of Experimental Agriculture (2014), 4(9), 1027-1035, 9 pp. | Language: English, Database: CAplus
Aims: The aim of this work was to determine the nutritional quality of kununzaki enriched with moringa seed flour. Study Design:
Analyses of variance (ANOVA). Place and Duration of Study: Department of Food Science and Technol., Osun State Polyte chnic, Iree,
Nigeria, between July 2013 to Jan. 2014. Methodol.: Sorghum grains were soaked, washed and then mixed with the spices and wet
milled. Moringa seed flour (5,10,15%) was added to the kunun slurry. The slurry was divided into two; one portion was cooked and
allowed to cool to 45°C and then the uncooked portion was added and mixed thoroughly. The mixture was allowed to ferment for
12h and sieved. Proximate, mineral, physicochem., anti-nutritional and sensory evaluation was determined on the enriched
kununzaki. Results: There were reductions in the moisture and carbohydrate contents of kununzaki with increase in moringa seed
flour incorporation while the protein, fat, ash and crude fiber contents increased. Kununzaki with 15% moringa seed flour had
higher values in all the mineral contents determined pH and total soluble solid increased as the percentage of moringa seed flour
increased. Kununzaki with 15% moringa seed flour had higher anti-nutritional contents than other samples. Sensory anal.
conducted on the kununzaki revealed no significant difference (p>0.05) in the taste, appearance and overall accepta bility of control
and 5 to 10% level of moringa seed substitution. Conclusion: The proximate and mineral contents of the substi tuted kunuzaki
were increased with the incorporation of moringa seed flour. The anti-nutrients in the beverage were low and within the range
permissible for food. Addition of up to 10% moringa seed flour to kununzaki is desirable as higher concent rations (15%) of
moringa seed flour impact undesi rable effect on the taste of the product.
Keywords: nutritional characteristics moring oleifera seed flour

298
Production of biodiesel from seeds of Moringa oleifera ( drumstick plant ) and determination it's
quality parameters
By: Kalhoro, Mahboob Ali; Jhatial, Gulzar Hussain; Kumar, Santosh; Ferheen, Sadia; Noor-Ul-Aqsa; Ali, Amanat; Ul Islam, Syed Najam
Journal of Biological and Chemical Research (2014), 31(1), 520-525 | Language: English, Database: CAplus
Biodiesel processing and quality are closely related. Biodiesel is tech. competitive and have tech. advantages compared to conven
tional petroleum Diesel fuel. Biodiesel has become more attractive recently because of its environ mental benefit. The processes
used to refine the feedstock and convert it to biodiesel determine whether it will meet the applicable specifications. This paper will
describe the processing and production of biodiesel and how this determines its quality. The emphasis has been processing of
biodiesel by reacting oil of Moringa oleifera with methanol and the standa rdized its quality with the A ST M method. The Flash
point, closed cup, Water and sediment, Kinematic viscosity at 40°C, Sulfated ash, Total Sulfur, Copper strip corrosion, Cetane
number, Carbon residue, Acid number, Free glycerin, Total glycerin, Phosphorus and Vacuum distillation end point, 145 °C, 0.050%,
4.25 mm2/s, 0.020%, 0.04%, Number3, 49, 0.03%, 0.55 mg KOH/g, 0.02%, 0.22%, 20 ppm and 352°C resp. have been determined
Keywords: biodiesel production Moringa oleifera
299
Coagulant proteins identified in Mustard: a potential water treatment agent
By: Bodlund, I.; Pavankumar, A. R.; Chelliah, R.; Kasi, S.; Sankaran, K.; Rajarao, G. K.
The use of natural coagulant protein in drinking water treatment has been discussed for a long time, though the method is still not
in practice, probably due to limited knowledge and availability of material. In the present work , different Mustard varieties were
tested for the presence of coagulant protein compared with Moringa seed extract and their potential applic ation in water
treatment. The coagulation activity of the protein extract was measured using synthetic clay solution as well as water from pond.
The protein content was determined by Bradford method, mol. mass determined by Sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel
electrophoresis, and peptide sequence was analyzed by Mass spectro metry. Extract of Mustard (large) and Moringa seed showed
coagulation activity of ≃70 and ≃85 % after 90 min, resp. Interes tingly, seed extracts from other Mustard varieties had coagul ation
activity after heat activation at 95 °C for 5 h. However, the coagulation activity of Mustard seed extract against turbid pond water
was higher (≃60 %) compared to Moringa seed extract (≃50 %). The peptide sequence anal. of 6.5 and 9 k Da proteins was found to
be homologous to Moringa coagulant protein and napin3, resp. To our knowledge, this could be the first report on Mustard seed
having coagulant protein. The coagulation activity of Mustard (large) against highly turbid pond water suggested that it could be a
potential natural coagulant for water treatment.
Keywords: coagulant proteins identified mustard potential water treatment agent

300
Antioxidative studies in Moringa oleifera Lam.
By: Sravanthi, J.; Rao, S. Gangadhar

Annals of Phytomedicine (2014), 3(2), 101-105 | Language: English, Database: CAplus
Moringa oleifera Lam. ( Moringa ) is a medicinal plant found in most parts of the world. Various parts of this plant such as leaves,
roots, seeds , barks, fruits, flowers and immature pods are reported to possess various therap eutic properties including antitumor,
anti-inflammatory, antihypertensive, cholesterol lowering, antidiabetic, and antimicrobial properties. The aim of the study was to
evaluate antioxidants in Moringa oleifera Lam.by spectrophotometric method (phenols, flavonoids, flavonols, total chlorophyll,
total carotenoid, β-carotene, radical scavenging activity by F RAP, ABTS, DPPH assays and enzymic activities of catalase, peroxides,
polyphenol oxidase, glutathione reductase-a). Results showed higher phenol content (260 ± 0.58 mg/ g dry. weight) in Moringa
oleifera leaves than other antiox idant compounds and FRAP activity was recorded maximum (510 ± 10.1mg/g dry. weight) than the
other scavenging assays. Study concludes that using leaves of Moringa oleifera in health promotive purposes may be a better
option than other parts of the plant.
Keywords: Moringa leaf phenol polyphenol antiox idant
301
Identification and cloning of putative water clarification genes of Moringa peregrina (Forssk.) Fiori in E.
coli Xl1 blue cells
By: Ghodsi, Reihaneh; Sadeghi, Hamid Mirmohammad; Asghari, Gholamreza; Tora, Sepideh
Advanced Biomedical Research (2014), 3(Jan.), 57/1-57/4 | Language: English, Database: CAplus and MEDLINE
Water purification processes include the use of chem. compounds despite the concern that they may induce diseases. An ecol.
solution to this dilemma can come from the use of plant seeds for this purpose. Moringa peregrina (Forssk.) Fiori seeds have
water clarification ability. Therefore, the aim of this work was to look for certain water clarifi cation genes in M. peregrina. After
preparation of M. peregrina callus, mRNA was extracted from these cells. After applic ation of reverse transcriptase, the obtained cD
NA (s) were used for P CR amplification of the desired genes using primers based on M O2.1 gene of Moringa oleifera . DNA amplifi
cation products were cloned in E. coli Xl1 blue cells and D NA sequences were compared with Mo1, 2 gene in M. oleifera . We
obtained 3 PCR products (approx. 200, 300, and 400 bps) . After comparison of the sequences of 300bp band obtained from M.
peregrina with Mo1,2 gene in M. oleifera , it seems that 300bp band is a good candidate to invest igate regarding its potential
flocculent activity.
Keywords: Moringa seed water clarification gene MO21 Escherichia cloning; Flocculent activity; Moringa peregrina; genes cloning

302
Natural antioxidants of the Jaffna variety of Moringa oleifera seed oil of Indian origin as compared to
other vegetable oils
By: Bhatnagar, A. S.; Krishna, A. G. Gopala

Grasas y Aceites (Sevilla, Spain) (2013), 64(5), 537-545 | Language: English, Database: CAplus
The Moringa oleifera crop is grown all over India for its nutritious pods , leaves and seeds . M. oleifera seeds are endowed with a
high oil content (∼39%) which resembles olive oil because of its high oleic acid content (∼65-75%). The objective of the present study
was to evaluate the natural antioxidants of crude seed kernel oil from the Jaffna variety of M. oleifera (MSO). Natural antiox idants
like tocopherols and phenolics as well as minor compounds such as sterols and carote noids present in M SO and its radical
scavenging activity were measured in comparison to dried coconut kernel (copra) crude oil (CNO), crude sesame oil (S ESO), crude
niger seed oil (N SO), crude palm oil (CPO), crude rice bran oil (R BO) and com. refined groundnut oil (G NO). MSO contained 88 ppm
of total tocopherols with α-tocopherol (56.2 ppm) being the major tocopherol. MSO also contained 117.9 ppm of total phenolics
with gallic acid (48.5 ppm) being the major phenolic. MSO contained fair amounts of sterols (1700.8 ppm) and carote noids (17.9
ppm). MSO showed an IC50 value of 35.5 mg m L-1. This study indicates that M SO has antioxidant characteristics which are better
than CNO and comparable to those of GNO.
Keywords: natural antioxidant Moringa Jaffna variety seed vegetable oil India
303
Exercise Training and Grape Seed Extract Co-Administration Improves Lipid Profile, Weight Loss,
Bradycardia, and Hypotension of STZ-Induced Diabetic Rats.
By: Badavi, Mohammad; Abedi, Hassan Ali; Dianat, Mahin; Sarkaki, Ali Reza
International cardiovascular research journal (2013), 7(4), 111-7 | Language: English, Database: MEDLINE
BACKGROUND: Exercise Training (ET) and Grape Seed Extract (GSE) as an antioxidant have many positive effects on contro lling
diabetes mellitus and its complications. OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to determine the effects of G SE alone or combined with E T
on body weight, plasma lipid profile, blood pressure, and heart rate in STZ-induced diabetic rats. METHODS: IN THIS STUDY, MALE W
ISTAR RATS WERE RANDOMLY ASSIGNED TO FIVE GROUPS: sedentary control, sedentary diabetic, trained diabetic, GSE treated
sedentary diabetic, and GSE treated trained diabetic. ET was conducted on the treadmill daily for 8 weeks. One way A NOVA
followed by LSD test was used for statis tical analysis. RESULTS: Reduction of body weight, high density lipopro teins, heart rate, and
systolic blood pressure and increment of total cholesterol, triglyceride, low density lipoprotein, and very low density lipopr oteins
were observed after STZ injection. Co-administration of GSE and ET had more positive effects on lipid profile compared to each
method alone. In addition, GSE and ET modified heart rate partially, while their combin ation was more effective in improvement of
heart rat in conscious rats. On the other hand, administration of ET or GSE alone did not affect systolic blood pressure and body
weight, while their combination restored systolic blood pressure completely and improved body weight partially. C ONCLUSIONS:
The study findings indicated that ET combined with GSE had more beneficial effects compared to each one alone on the complic
ations of STZ induced diabetes. This may constitute a convenient and inexpe nsive therapeutic approach to diabetic complications.
Keywords: Bradycardia; Exercise ; Grape Seed Extract; Hypotension; Streptozotocin

304
Ethanolic extracts of Moringa oleifera Lam. - Evaluation of its potential as an antioxidant additive for
fish oil
By: Nascimento, Jaqueline A.; Araujo, Kassandra L. G. V.; Epaminondas, Poliana S.; Souza, Alline S.; Magnani, Marciane; Souza,
Antonia L.; Soledade, Luiz E. B.; Queiroz, Neide; Souza, Antonio G.
Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry (2013), 114(2), 833-838 | Language: English, Database: CAplus
This paper reports the evaluation of the antioxidant potential of the ethanolic extracts of the leaves (E L), flowers (EF), seed pods (E
P) and seeds (ES) from Moringa oleifera Lam. The antiox idant potential was assessed, upon the addition of the extracts to fish oil,
by means of the total extractable phenol content (T EP), the DPPH· free radical scavenging efficiency and using pressu rized differ
ential scanning calorimetry (P-DSC). The results of T EP and DPPH· showed that the ES extract does not present a potential to be
used as an antioxidant additive, and it was thus discarded from the remaining analyses. Thus, the following treatments were
prepared: pure fish oil, fish oil with BHT (100 mg kg -1), fish oil with T BHQ (100 mg kg -1) and fish oil with E L, EF and EP-all at the
concentration of 100 mg kg -1, in relation to the total extractable phenolics contained in each one of the extracts The leaf and flower
extracts displayed a protecting effect, with an increase in about 20 and 11 ^of the OIT values, resp. However, such protection was
smaller than that conferred by the synthetic antioxidants utilized. As for the thermal anal. results, it was noticed that E L presented
the highest thermal stability among the extracts
Keywords: Moringa ethanol antiox idant activity food additive fish oil
305
Co-administration of Grape Seed Extract and Exercise Training Improves Endothelial Dysfunction of
Coronary Vascular Bed of STZ-Induced Diabetic Rats.
By: Badavi, Mohammad; Abedi, Hassan Ali; Sarkaki, Ali Reza; Dianat, Mahin
Iranian Red Crescent medical journal (2013), 15(10), e7624 | Language: English, Database: MEDLINE
BACKGROUND: One of the known complications of diabetes mellitus is vascular dysfun ction. Inability of the coronary vascular
response to cardiac hyperactivity might cause a higher incidence of ischemic heart disease in diabetic subjects. It has been indicated
that regular exercise training and antioxidants could prevent diabetic cardiovascular problems enhanced by vascular damage. O BJ
ECTIVES: The aim of this study was to determine the effects of grape seed extract (as antiox idant), with and without exercise
training on coronary vascular function in strepto zotocin induced diabetic rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Fifty male Wistar rats
weighing 200 - 232 grams were randomly divided into five groups of 10 rats each: sedentary control, sedentary diabetic, trained
diabetic, grape seed extract (200 mg/kg) treated sedentary diabetic and, grape seed extract treated trained diabetic. Diabetes was
induced by one intraperitoneal injection of streptoz otocin. After eight weeks, coronary vascular responses to vasoactive agents
were determined. RESULTS: The endothelium dependent vasorelaxation to acetylcholine was reduced significantly in diabetic
animals; exercise training or grape seed extract administration partially improves this response. However, exercise training in
combination with grape seed extract restores endothelial function completely. The endothelium independent vasorelaxation to
sodium nitroprusside was improved by combin ation of exercise training and grape seed extract. On the other hand, the basal
perfusion pressure and vasoconstrictive response to phenylephrine did not change signifi cantly. CONCLUSIONS: The data indicated
that co-administration of grape seed extract and exercise training had more signif icant effects than exercise training or grape
seed extract alone; this may constitute a convenient and inexpe nsive therapeutic approach to diabetic vascular complications.
Keywords: Coronary Vessels; Diabetic Vascular Complication; Exercise ; Grape Seed Extract

306
Novel nanoparticle-assisted room-temperature synthesis of methyl esters from Aloe vera seed oil
By: Rathore, Puran Singh; Mangalorkar, Poonam; Nagar, Padamanabhi S.; Daniel, M.; Thakore, Sonal
Energy & Fuels (2013), 27(5), 2776-2782 | Language: English, Database: CAplus
Aloe vera was used as a cosmetic and medical remedy since ancient times and has gained increasing popularity in recent years.
Despite its widespread use, reports on biodiesel from Aloe vera seeds are lacking. The present study reports the fatty acid compos
ition of Aloe vera seed oil (AVSO) and addresses the feasibility of using A VSO as a source of biodiesel. A novel ecofri endly catalyst
was developed using triacetin as a model. The room-temperature conversion of AVSO and other nonedible oils to Me esters could
be achieved using this novel catalytic system consisting of ethylene diamine in the presence of Ni nanoparticles (NiNPs). The metal
core, capping agent, and amine concomitantly contribute to make the system an effective catalyst.
Keywords: nickel nanoparticle assisted Aloe seed oil methyl ester biodiesel
307
Evaluation of cytotoxic and anti-inflammatory activities of extracts and lectins from Moringa oleifera
seeds
By: Araujo, Larissa Cardoso Correa; Aguiar, Jaciana Santos; Napoleao, Thiago Henrique; Mota, Fernanda Virginia Barreto; Barros,
Andre Luiz Souza; Moura, Maiara Celine; Coriolano, Marilia Cavalcanti; Coelho, Luana Cassandra Breitenbach Barroso; Silva,
Teresinha Goncalves; Paiva, Patricia Maria Guedes
PLoS One (2013), 8(12), e81973/1-e81973/15, 15 pp. | Language: English, Database: CAplus and MEDLINE
Background: The extract from Moringa oleifera seeds is used worldwide, especially in rural areas of developing countries, to treat
drinking water. M. oleifera seeds contain the lectins cmol and W SMoL, which are carbohydrate-binding proteins that are able to
reduce water turbidity because of their coagulant activity. Studies investigating the ability of natural products to damage normal
cells are essential for the safe use of these substances. This study evaluated the cytotoxic and anti- inflammatory properties of the
aqueous seed extract, the extract used by population to treat water (named diluted seed extract in this work ), and the isolated
lectins cmol and WSMoL. Methodol./Principal Findings: The data showed that the aqueous seed extract and cmol were potent ially
cytotoxic to human peripheral blood mononuclear cells, while W SMoL and diluted seed extract were not cytotoxic. The M. oleifera
aqueous seed extract and the lectins cmol and W SMoL were weakly/moderately cytotoxic to the NCI-H292, HT-29 and HEp-2 cancer
cell lines and were not hemolytic to murine erythrocytes. Evaluation of acute toxicity in mice revealed that the aqueous seed
extract (2.000 mg/kg) did not cause systemic toxicity. The aqueous seed extract, cmol and W SMoL (6.25 μg/mL) and diluted seed
extract at 50 μg/mL exhibited anti-inflammatory activity on lipopolyssaccharide-stimulated murine macrophages by regulating the
production of nitric oxide, TNF-α and IL-1β. The aqueous seed extract reduced leukocyte migration in a mouse model of carrag
eenan-induced pleurisy; the myeloperoxidase activity and nitric oxide, T NF-α and IL-1β levels were similarly reduced. Histol. anal. of
the lungs showed that the extract reduced the number of leukocytes. Conclusion/Significance: This study shows that the extract
prepared according to folk use and WSMoL may be non-toxic to mammalian cells; however, the aqueous seed extract and cmol
may be cytotoxic to immune cells which may explain the immunosuppressive potential of the extract
Keywords: Moringa lectin cytotoxicity anti inflammatory macrophage

308
Adsorption behavior of dyes from aqueous solution using agricultural waste: modeling approach
By: Raj, Kumar Rohit; Kardam, Abhishek; Arora, Jyoti Kumar; Srivastava, Shalini; Srivastava, M. M.
Clean Technologies and Environmental Policy (2013), 15(1), 73-80 | Language: English, Database: CAplus
Biosorption of dyes on shelled Moringa oleifera seed powder (SMOS) was studied for the removal of Methylene Blue and Congo
Red from wastewater. Sorption studies led to the standard ization of the optimum conditions: dye concentration 25 mg/L, contact
time 40 min, particle size 105 μm, and volume 200 mL at pH 6.5 and 2.5 for the removal of Methylene Blue (90.27%) and Congo Red
(98.52%). A single layer artificial neural network (A NN) model was developed to simulate the process and predict the removal
efficiency of SMOS for the removal of dyes. Different A NN architectures were tested by varying network topol., resulting into an
excellent agreement between the exptl. data and the predicted values. The Levenberg-Marquardt algorithm was found best of BP
algorithms with a min. mean squared error for training and cross validation as 1.89951 x 10 -09 and 0.145001313, resp.
Keywords: adsorption dye wastewater decolorization agricultural waste model
309
Formulation and preliminary characterization of a biopolymer-based matrix from Moringa Oleifera

seed powder
By: Manu, Joseph M.; Barminas, Jeffrey T.; Aliyu, Buba A.; Osemeahon, Sunday A.
Archives of Applied Science Research (2013), 5(2), 66-71 | Language: English, Database: CAplus
Environmental benefits of biopol ymers are attractive features in matrix or composite formul ation and therefore well sought after in
recent times. A variety of sources based on agricu ltural plant or animal products have been identified and utilized in numerous
areas such as drug delivery systems, adsorption, biofiltration water purification etc. Their incorporation in biodegradable matrix
appeared favorable since this would result in a completely biodegradable composite. In this work , matrix of Moringa Oleifera Seed
Powder (MOSP) and an iron salt, ferrous sulfate heptah ydrate (FSH) was formulated and characterized for improved properties and
peculiar applications. Chem., phys. and other functional parameters such as swelling, solubility and p H were investigated and
excellent properties were exhibited. The synergistic blend effect of M OSP with the highly acidic iron salt formulated in this work
would enhance performance capacity in waste water stabili zation, inhibit the growth of odor causing bacteria in animal farms and
the environment in general and hence serve as cheap and effective pollution control agent.
Keywords: moringa oleifera seed powder biopolymer ferrous sulfate heptah ydrate blend; swelling solubility pollution control
agent

310
Antibacterial activity of glucomoringin bioactivated with myrosinase against two important pathogens
affecting the health of long-term patients in hospitals
By: Galuppo, Maria; De Nicola, Gina Rosalinda; Iori, Renato; Dell'Utri, Pia; Bramanti, Placido; Mazzon, Emanuela
Molecules (2013), 18(11), 14340-14348, 9 pp. | Language: English, Database: CAplus and MEDLINE
Glucosinolates (GLs) are natural compounds present in species of the order Brassi cales and precursors of bioactive isothioc yanates
(ITCs). In the recent years, they have been studied mainly for their chemopre ventive as well as novel chemother apeutics properties.
Among them 4-(α-l-rhamnosyloxy)benzyl glucosinolate (glucomoringin; GMG), purified from seeds of Moringa oleifera Lam., a
plant belonging to the Moringaceae family, represents an uncommon member of the GL family with peculiar characte ristics. This
short communication reports new evidences about the properties of G MG and presents a new innovative utiliz ation of the mol. The
bioactivation of GMG by myrosinase enzyme just before treatment, permits to maximize the power of the final product of the
reaction, which is the 4-(α-l--rhamnosyloxy)benzyl isothiocyanate (GMG-ITC). We tested the antibiotic activity of this latter
compound on two strains of pathogens affecting the health of patients in hospital, namely Staphylococcus aureus and Entero
coccus casseliflavus, and on the yeast Candida albicans. Results show that the sensib ility of S. aureus BAA-977 strain and E. casseli
flavus to GMG-ITC treatment reveals an important possible applic ation of this mol. in the clin. care of patients, more and more
often resistant to traditional therapies.
Keywords: antibacterial glucomoringin myrosinase Staphylococcus Enterococcus Candida health
Substances (2) Reaction (1) Citing (55)
311
Post-harvest quality of Moringa (Moringa oleifera Lam) as used in its natural and its dry forms
By: Menezes dos Passos, Rafaela; Santos, Dhulia Maciely da Conceicao; Silva dos Santos, Bianca; Souza, Daniella Cecilia Lemos;
Belmino dos Santos, Joao Antonio; Francisco da Silva, Gabriel
Revista GEINTEC (2013), 3(1), 113-120 | Language: Portuguese, Database: CAplus
An Moringa oleifera Lam is an ornamental and medicinal plant and has the feature to adapt to arid climates and soils poor in
nutrients. It is a vegetable Moringaceae family, originally from northern India. This study aimed to charac terize the physico-chem.
constituent parts of the plant: leaves, flowers, seed pods and used in natura, and drought. The experiment was conducted at the
Laboratory for Alternative Technologies in Sao Cristovao - S E. Subsequ ently, samples of leaves, flowers, seeds and pods used in
this study were collected and separated into two lots, one lot with the samples that were analyzed with fresh and dried samples in
other solar dryer. The following analyzes were performed: water activity, acidity, moisture, ash, lipids, proteins, carbohydrates,
vitamin C, carotenoids, total fiber and food. The data were subjected to anal. of variance (A NOVA) and Tukey test to compare
means at a significance level of 5%. It was observed that for the analyzes of acidity, ash, lipids, proteins and carbohy drates, the
results were higher in dry parts when compared to fresh. However, the values for water activity, moisture, pH and vitamin C were
higher in the analyzes in nature when compared to dry samples. For the results of carotenoids were obtained variations in both
parts. Therefore, Moringa presented as a vegetable source of excellent functional and nutrit ional properties.
Keywords: Moringa nutrition

312
Evaluation of natural flocculants for conventional water treatment
By: Afolabi, Ayo Samuel; Sigwadi, Rudzani; Abdulkareem, Ambali Saka; Mateescu, Corina Mary
Applied Mechanics and Materials (2013), 248, 298-303, 7 pp. | Language: English, Database: CAplus
Drinking water is contaminated from the chems. and biol. impurities around the world mostly in rural area. These contami nations
may come from natural sources and leaching of waste deposits which cause a major human health hazard in many parts of the
world. There has been very little scientific research work into the use of natural floccu lants to purify raw water. Most of the
research studies that have been done on conventional water purification in developing countries have focussed on conven tional
water purification systems using inorganic and polyelectrolyte flocculants. Such systems are very expensive for rural commun ities in
these developing countries as our objective is to provide water that is safe for human consumption by using facilities which can be
constructed and operated at a reasonable cost. There is a need to evaluate natural floccu lants for conventional water treatment in
order to develop inexpensive ways for developing countries to purify their water. In this study, the natural floccu lants such as
Moringa seeds powder, Guar Gum seeds powder, aluminum sulfate and polyelectrolyte were tested in a jar test apparatus to
determine the optimum operating conditions for water or wastewater treatment plants. The results showed that the addition of
Moringa oleifera seeds powder, Guar Gum seeds powder, aluminum sulfate and polyelectrolyte flocculants improved the quality
of raw water. The raw water samples from all treatment plants showed a reduction in turbidity that was more than 70% when all
the four flocculants applied synergistically.
Keywords: water purification flocculation
313
Treatment of drinking water using Moringa Oleifera lim.: an application of bioremediation
By: Omm-e-hany; Shahzad, A.; Shaukat, S. S.; Sherwani, Sikandar Khan; Murtaza, G.; Kashif, M.; Qureshi, S. A.; Khuld, H.; Ali, Y.; Ali, S.
M.
International Journal of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences (2013), 4(1), 55-60 | Language: English, Database: CAplus
Sindh is that province of Pakistan that receives the downstream water of River Indus. Due to paucity of fresh groundwater the river
water is used as a source of drinking water at the coastal villages of Sindh. As a matter of fact water of River Indus is turbid and it
reaches to the villages via canal system that is not involving lined canals. With the result that the problem of turbidity further aggrav
ates. In this study turbid water carried from these villages was treated by coagul ation-flocculation techniques, with Moringa
Oleifera seeds as a coagulant and compared with that of the water treated with alum. Various dosages of the crude 5% water
extract of dry, shelled and non-shelled Moringa Oleifera seeds were used. Measurements of pH, conductivity and turbidity concent
rations showed that coagul ation with Moringa Oleifera seeds works well as compared to coagul ation done by alum and moreover,
it did not significantly affect the quality of the treated water. However, concent ration of organic matter in the treated water
increased considerably with the dosage of Moringa Oleifera solution which might exert a chlorine demand and also act as
precursor of trihalomethanes during the disinfection with chlorine. In order to combat with that problem Moringa Oleifera seeds
were also tested for antimicrobial activity and we find signif icant zone of inhibition against pathogenic microor ganisms like E.coli
etc. This study concludes that Moringa Oleifera seeds are a good source of drinking water treatment chem. as well as microbiol.
Keywords: bioremediation drinking water Moringa application

314
Evaluation of anti-acne activity of selected Sudanese medicinal plants
By: Muddathir, Ali Mahmoud; Mitsunaga, Tohru

Journal of Wood Science (2013), 59(1), 73-79 | Language: English, Database: CAplus
Acne vulgaris is the most common skin disease in the world, and the number of antibiotics resistant to acne-inducing bacterial
strains has been increasing in the past years. Natural substances from plants are promising candidates to treat this disease. The
methanol and 50 % (volume/volume) ethanol extracts of 29 plant species traditi onally used in Sudan for treatment of a variety of
diseases were tested in vitro for their potential anti-acne activity. The activities of these extracts were determined using an antibac
terial assay against Propionibacterium acnes, a lipase inhibitory assay, and 1, 1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging
activity assay. The results showed that methanol and 50 % ethanol extracts of Terminalia laxiflora Engl & Diels wood exhibited good
antibacterial activity (min. inhibitory concentration 0.13 mg/mL). The 50 % ethanol extracts of Abrus precat orius L. seed , T. laxiflora
Engl & Diels and methanol extract of Acacia nilotica (L.) pods showed lipase inhibitory activity more than 70 % at 500 μg/m L. The
methanol extracts of A. nilotica (L.) pods showed the best DPPH radical scavenging activity (IC50 1.32 μg/mL). Total phenolic,
flavonoid and total tannin contents of selected plant extracts shown anti-acne activities were investigated. Almost all selected
extracts contained phenolic compound The highest level of flavonoids (38.87 μg/mg) was detected in T. brownii bark, whereas the
highest amount of tannin was detected in A. nilotica (L.) bark (88.01 %).
Keywords: Terminalia antiacne acne vulgaris natural pharmaceutical
315
Prediction of the cetane number of biodiesel using artificial neural networks and multiple linear
regression
By: Piloto-Rodriguez, Ramon; Sanchez-Borroto, Yisel; Lapuerta, Magin; Goyos-Perez, Leonardo; Verhelst, Sebastian
Energy Conversion and Management (2013), 65, 255-261 | Language: English, Database: CAplus
Models for estimation of cetane number of biodiesel from their fatty acid Me ester composition using multiple linear regression
and artificial neural networks were obtained in this work . For the obtaining of models to predict the cetane number, an exptl. data
from literature reports that covers 48 and 15 biodiesels in the modeling- training step and validation step resp. were taken. Twenty-
four neural networks using two topologies and different algorithms for the second training step were evaluated. The model
obtained using multiple regression was compared with two other models from literature and it was able to predict cetane number
with 89% of accuracy, observing one outlier. A model to predict cetane number using artificial neural network was obtained with
better accuracy than 92% except one outlier. The best neural network to predict the cetane number was a backpropagation
network (11:5:1) using the Levenberg-Marquardt algorithm for the second step of the networks training and showing R = 0.9544 for
the validation data.
Keywords: biodiesel cetane number artificial neural network multiple linear regression

316
Antioxidant enzymes and inorganic elements in seeds and leaves of four potential medicinal plants
from Pakistan
By: Shahid, M.; Khan, M. Masud-Ul-Haq; Hameed, A.; Ashraf, M.; Jamil, A.
Agrochimica (2012), 56(6), 281-291 | Language: English, Database: CAplus
Extracts of fresh seeds and leaves of four medicinal plants viz. Hygrophila auricu lata, Moringa oleifera , Croton tiglium and
Withania somnifera were analyzed for some metabolically important enzymes, i.e., proteases (P RT), peroxidase ( POD ), superoxide
dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT), total phenolic content (T PC) and some inorganic elements (Zn, Cu, Mo, and Se) . The highest
specific activities of PRT and S OD were recorded in the seeds of M. oleifera and those of POD in the leaf extract of W. somnifera
followed by C. tiglium. However, the highest specific activity of CAT was observed in the leaf extracts of H. auriculata (46.27 units/mg
protein) followed by M. oleifera (37.82 units/mg protein) . The highest T PC was found in the leaf extracts of H. auriculata (0.68 gallic
acid equivalent g/100 g fresh weight). Higher concent rations of Zn were recorded in the leaf and seed samples of all four medicinal
plants as compared to the other elements analyzed (Cu, Mo, and Se). Statistical anal. showed that the antioxidant and enzymic
activities were significantly (p < 0.05) different among medicinal plant, and leaf and seed extracts as well. It was concluded that
tested medicinal plants showed a good comparative profile of antioxidant enzymes and elements that will be useful for further
studies.
Keywords: Hygrophila Moringa Croton Withania leaf seed antioxidant enzyme Pakistan
317
Oviposition-stimulant and ovicidal activities of Moringa oleifera lectin on Aedes aegypti
By: Santos, Nataly Diniz de Lima; Santana de Moura, Kezia; Napoleao, Thiago Henrique; Santos, Geanne Karla Novais; Coelho, Luana
Cassandra Breitenbach Barroso; Navarro, Daniela Maria do Amaral Ferraz; Paiva, Patricia Maria Guedes
PLoS One (2012), 7(9), e44840 | Language: English, Database: CAplus and MEDLINE
Background: Natural insecticides against the vector mosquito Aedes aegypti have been the object of research due to their high level
of eco-safety. The water-soluble Moringa oleifera lectin (WSMoL) is a larvicidal agent against A. aegypti. This work reports the
effects of WSMoL on oviposition and egg hatching of A. aegypti. Methodol./ Principal Findings: WSMoL crude preparations ( seed
extract and 0-60 protein fraction) , at 0.1 mg/m L protein concentration, did not affect ovipos ition, while A. aegypti gravid females laid
their eggs preferentially (73%) in vessels containing isolated W SMoL (0.1 mg/mL), compared with vessels containing only distilled
water (control). Volatile compounds were not detected in W SMoL preparation The hatchability of fresh eggs deposited in the
solutions in the oviposition assay was evaluated. The numbers of hatched larvae in seed extract, 0- 60 protein fraction and W SMoL
were 45 ± 8.7 %, 20 ± 11 % and 55 ± 7.5 %, resp., significantly (p<0.05) lower than in controls containing only distilled water (75- 95
%). Embryos were visualized inside fresh control eggs, but not within eggs that were laid and maintained in W SMoL solution
Ovicidal activity was also assessed using stored A. aegypti eggs. The protein concentrations able to reduce the hatching rate by 50%
(EC50) were 0.32, 0.16 and 0.1 mg/m L for seed extract, 0- 60 protein fraction and W SMoL, resp. The absence of hatching of stored
eggs treated with WSMoL at 0.3 mg/m L (EC99) after transfer to medium without lectin indicates that embryos within the eggs were
killed by WSMoL. The reduction in hatching rate of A. aegypti was not linked to decrease in bacteria popula tion. Conclusions/Signi
ficance: WSMoL acted both as a chem. stimulant cue for ovipos iting females and ovicidal agent at a given concent ration The ovipos
ition-stimulant and ovicidal activities, combined with the previously reported larvicidal activity, make W SMoL a very interesting
candidate in integrated A. aegypti control.
Keywords: Moringa lectin oviposition stimulant ovicide Aedes

318
Evaluation of Moringa oleifera seed flour as a flocculating agent for potential biodiesel producer
microalgae
By: Teixeira, Claudia Maria Luz Lapa; Kirsten, Fabiana Vasconcelos; Teixeira, Pedro Celso Nogueira
Journal of Applied Phycology (2012), 24(3), 557-563 | Language: English, Database: CAplus
Microalgal biofuel alternatives have been hindered by their cost and energy intensive production In the microalgal harvesting
process, the intermediate step of floccu lation shows potential in drastically reducing the need for costly centrif ugation processes.
Moringa oleifera seeds , which have been used for water treatment due to their high floccu lation potential, low cost and low
toxicity, are presented in this paper as strong candidate for flocculating Chlorella vulgaris, a microalgae with high biodiesel
production potential. Early results of our group showed a very high flocculation (around 85% of biomass recovery) . The aim of this
work was to investigate the influence of Moringa oleifera seed flour concentration, sedimentation time and pH on the flocculation
efficiency. Cell suspensions treated with Moringa seed flour (1 g L -1) had their floccu lation significantly increased with the rise of p
H, reaching 89% of floccu lation in 120 min at p H 9.2. Sedimentation time of 120 min and a concent ration of 0.6 g L -1 proved to be
ample for substantial flocculation efficiency. In spite of the need for more research to ensure the economic viability and sustain
ability of this process, these results corrob orate Moringa oleifera seeds as a strong candidate as a biofloc culant for Chlorella
vulgaris cells and indicate optimal pH range of its action.
Keywords: Moringa seed flour Chlorella biodiesel floccu lation efficiency
319
Textile effluent treatment using Moringa oleifera
By: Hemapriya, G.; Nithya, S. Evany

Environmental Pollution Control Journal (2012), 15(3), 46-49 | Language: English, Database: CAplus
Our biosphere is under constant environmental pollution. In recent years different approaches have been discussed to tackle man
made environmental hazards. Clean technol., eco- mark and green chem. are some of the most highli ghted practices in preventing
and reducing the adverse effects on our surroundings. The textile industry occupies a unique place in our country. Due to the
nature of various chem. processing of textiles, large volumes of wastewater with numerous pollutants are discharged. In this
research, Moringa oleifera seeds were used as a coagulant to treat the textile waste water. The aim of this study is to find out the
efficiency of Moringa oleifera seeds , which is a natural coagulant in removing the color, turbidity and C OD from the textile effluent.
The result of this study shows that the extract doesn't show any variation with different pH ranges of sample under UV anal. The
extract of Moringa oleifera seed had a higher efficiency in removing color, turbidity, alkalinity and C OD. In this study, the treatment
cost is compared with the commonly used com. resins and found to be more economical.
Keywords: Moringa oleifera seed coagulation wastewater treatment

320
Antioxidant activity of Moringa oleifera tissue extracts.
By: Santos, Andréa F S; Argolo, Adriana C C; Paiva, Patrícia M G; Coelho, Luana C B B

Phytotherapy research : PTR (2012), 26(9), 1366-70 | Language: English, Database: MEDLINE
Moringa oleifera is an important source of antioxi dants, tools in nutritional biochemistry that could be beneficial for human health;
the leaves and flowers are used by the population with great nutritional importance. This work investigates the antioxidant activity
of M. oleifera ethanolic (E1) and saline (E2) extracts from flowers (a) , inflorescence rachis (b), seeds (c), leaf tissue (d), leaf rachis (e)
and fundamental tissues of stem (f). The radical scavenging capacity (R SC) of extracts was determined using dot-blots on thin layer
chromatography stained with a 0.4 m M 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical (DPPH) solution; spectrophotometric assays were
recorded (515 nm). Antioxidant components were detected in all E1 and E2 from a, b and d. The best R SC was obtained with E1d;
the antioxidants present in E2 reacted very slowly with D PPH. The chromatogram revealed by diphenylb orinate-2-ethylamine
methanolic solution showed that the ethanolic extract from the flowers, inflorescence rachis, fundamental tissue of stem and leaf
tissue contained at least three flavonoids; the saline extract from the flowers and leaf tissue revealed at least two flavon oids. In
conclusion, M. oleifera ethanolic and saline extracts contain antiox idants that support the use of the plant tissues as food sources.
321
Study of Moringa oleifera ( Drumstick ) seed as natural absorbent and antimicrobial agent for river
water treatment
By: Mangale, S. M.; Chonde, S. G.; Jadhav, A. S.; Raut, P. D.

Journal of Natural Product and Plant Resources (2012), 2(1), 89-100 | Language: English, Database: CAplus
The high cost of treated water makes most people in the rural communities to resort to readily available water sources which are
normally of low quality exposing them to waterborne diseases. The present study was carried out to confirm the effectiveness of
seed powder extracted from mature- dried Moringa oleifera seeds which are commonly available in most rural commun ities. The
main objective of this work is to evaluate the antimicrobial activity and efficiency of a natural absorbent from Moringa oleifera
seeds in treating river water. During this study, surface water samples were collected for treatment by Moringa seeds in powd.
form, resulting in an effective natural clarification agent for highly turbid and untreated pathogenic water. Various doses of
Moringa seed powder viz. 50, 100 and 150 mg/l were taken and checked for the efficiency dose on raw water. After treatment of
seed powder with water samples were analyzed for different parameter like p H, turbidity, T DS, TS, hardness, chlorides, alkali nity,
acidity, MPN and S PC. All parameters were reduced with increasing dose of 50, 100 and 150 mg/l seed powder resp. (except
alkalinity and pH). Application of this low cost Moringa oleifera seeds is recommended for eco-friendly, nontoxic, simplified water
treatment where rural and peri-urban people living in extreme poverty.
Keywords: river water purification biosorption antimicrobial agent Moringa oleifera

322
Kinetics modeling of Cu(II) biosorption on to coconut shell and Moringa oleifera seeds from tropical
regions
By: Acheampong, Mike A.; Pereira, Joana P. C.; Meulepas, Roel J. W.; Lens, Piet N. L.
Adsorption kinetic studies are of great significance in evaluating the performance of a given adsorbent and gaining insight into the
underlying mechanism. This work investigated the sorption kinetics of Cu(II) on to coconut shell and Moringa oleifera seeds using
batch techniques. To understand the mechanisms of the biosorption process and the potential rate- controlling steps, kinetic
models were used to fit the exptl. data. The results indicate that kinetic data were best described by the pseudo-second-order
model with correlation coefficients (R 2) of 0.9974 and 0.9958 for the coconut shell and Moringa oleifera seeds , resp. The initial
sorption rates obtained for coconut shell and Moringa oleifera seeds were 9.6395×10 -3 and 8.3292×10 -2 mg g -1 min-1, resp. The
values of the mass transfer coefficients obtained for coconut shell (1.2106 × 10 -3 cm s -1) and Moringa oleifera seeds (8.965 × 10 -4
cm s-1) indicate that the transport of Cu(II) from the bulk liquid to the solid phase was quite fast for both materials investi gated. The
results indicate that intraparticle diffusion controls the rate of sorption in this study; however, film diffusion cannot be neglected,
especially at the initial stage of sorption.
Keywords: copper coconut shell Moringa oleifera seed biosorption wastewater treatment
323
Coagulant properties of Moringa oleifera protein preparations: application to humic acid removal
By: Santos, Andrea F. S.; Paiva, Patricia M. G.; Teixeira, Jose A. C.; Brito, Antonio G.; Coelho, Luana C. B. B.; Nogueira, Regina
This work aimed to characterize the coagulant properties of protein prepar ations from Moringa oleifera seeds in the removal of
humic acids from water. Three distinct preparations were assayed, namely extract ( seeds homogenized with 0.15 M Na Cl), fraction
(extract precipitated with 60% w/v ammonium sulfate) , and cMoL (protein purified with guar gel column chromatog.) . The extract
showed the highest coagulant activity in a protein concentration between 1 and 180 mg/L at p H 7.0. The zeta potential of the
extract (-10 to -15 mV) was less neg. than that of the humic acid (- 41 to -42 mV) in a pH range between 5.0 and 8.0; thus, the
mechanism that might be involved in this coagulation activity is adsorption and neutralization of charges. Reduction of total organic
carbon (TOC) and dissolved organic carbon (D OC) was observed in water samples containing 9 mg/L carbon as humic acid when
treated with 1 mg/L of the extract A decrease in color and in the aromatic content of the treated water was also observed Thus, the
extract from M. oleifera seeds in a low concent ration (1 mg/L) can be an interesting natural alternative for removing humic acid
from water in developing countries. The extract dose determined does not impart odor or color to the treated water.
Keywords: Moringa oleifera protein natural coagulant humic acid removal water

324
Fluoride Removal from Water Using Combined Moringa oleifera /Ultrafiltration Process
By: Bazanella, Gisele Cristina Santos; Silva, Gabriel Francisco; Vieira, Angelica Marquetotti Salcedo; Bergamasco, Rosangela
Water, Air, & Soil Pollution (2012), 223(9), 6083-6093 | Language: English, Database: CAplus
The occurrence of fluoride in groundwater has been reported in many countries, mainly because the excess fluoride in drinking
water can lead to dental or skeletal fluorosis. Fluoride removal by coagulation with Moringa oleifera seeds , followed by separation
with membranes, was investigated in this work . Artificially fluoridated water, at a starting fluoride concent ration of 10 mg L -1, was
submitted to a coagulation process with aqueous extracts of M. oleifera seeds . The coagulation process was followed by ultrafil
tration with membranes at different pressures. The coagul ation process with 2.5 g L -1 of M. oleifera promoted a reduction of
90.90% in the fluoride content of the treated water, making it possible for poor communities to consume this water. It is noteworthy
that the combined coagulation/filtration process using raw coagulant showed the highest values of color and turbidity, which,
however, were still below the limits set for drinking water by Brazilian legislation. The advantage of proposing a sequential process
using membrane separation is that it removes color and turbidity, caused by the use of M. oleifera as a coagulant, resulting in
water that meets potability standards
Keywords: fluoride removal Moringa seed coagulation ultrafiltration water purification
325
New advances in natural coagulants for water purification: Moringa oleifera seed extract
By: Sanchez-Martin, J.; Beltran-Heredia, J.; Pizarro-Rebollo, A.

Edited by Demadis, Kostas
Water Treatment Processes (2012), 235-260 | Language: English, Database: CAplus
A review. The purification of water, mainly in terms of human consum ption, is one of the biggest challenges humans will have to
face in the very next future. Water scarcity is a global situation and effluents with low quality should be considered as a possible
source of drinking water after the appropriate purification process. Natural resources may become an attractive altern ative to
metallic and synthetic coagulants, mainly due to the numerous disadvantages these last ones seem to presents: costs, bioaccum
ulation, presumably impact on cancer affections and other diseases, etc. But unfortu nately the natural solutions to the water
matter are still in a very preliminary technol. scenario. Researching lines are consequently open in order to refine the utiliz ation of
natural raw materials in water treatment processes. Among many other possibilities, Moringa oleifera is one of the most promising
natural coagulants that have already confirmed its ability in the purification of several water effluents, either for wastewater remedi
ation and drinking water treatment. This work aims to present the current state of this new but tradit ional technol. in water
process: the coagulant activity of crude and purified Moringa oleifera seed extract
Keywords: review Moringa seed extract coagulant drinking water wastewater treatment

326
Protective effect of cashew gum nanoparticles on natural larvicide from Moringa oleifera seeds
By: Paula, Haroldo C. B.; Rodrigues, Maria L. L.; Ribeiro, Wesley L. C.; Stadler, Andre S.; Paula, Regina C. M.; Abreu, Flavia O. M. S.
Journal of Applied Polymer Science (2012), 124(3), 1778-1784 | Language: English, Database: CAplus
Nanoparticles (NPs) have been used as carriers and as protective coatings of labile substances with applic ations in pharmacy,
medicine, and agriculture. This work focused on the develo pment of an entrapment process for the protection of a natural
larvicide extracted from Moringa oleifera (MO) seeds with cashew gum (CG) NPs as a wall material. C G-MO NPs were characterized
with regard to their size, morphol., kinetic release, thermal properties, and Stegomyia aegypti larvae mortality. The result showed
that the CG-MO NPs presented average particle sizes ranging from 288 to 357 nm, with unimodal distrib ution. MO larvicide active
principle loading varied from 2.6 to 4.4%, and the entrapment efficiencies were in the range 39.1-60.8%. In vitro release kinetics
showed a Fickian diffusional behavior. The thermal stability of the C G-MO NPs was related to the MO content, where their decompo
sition temperatures decreased with increasing M O active principle loading. Bioassays with third instar larvae showed that the
mortality rate was related to larvicide loading and reached values up to 98 ± 3% mortality. The CG-MO NPs showed effective extract
entrapment, with satisfactory larvicide effects even after 55 days of sample prepar ation and were effective as an improved and
controlled release larvicide system.
Keywords: cashew gum nanoparticle natural larvicide Moringa ; Moringa seed natural larvicide sustained release formul ation

327
Hybrid process of coagulation/flocculation with Moringa oleifera followed by ultrafiltration to remove

Microcystis sp. cells from water supply
By: Nishi, L.; Vieira, A. M. Salcedo; Vieira, M. Fernandes; Bongiovani, M.; Camacho, F. Pereira; Bergamasco, R.
Procedia Engineering (2012), 42, 946-952 | Language: English, Database: CAplus
In Brazil and other countries, the large biomass of monospecific crops and the need to enhance plant growth by the extensive use
of fertilizers have caused a fast eutroph ication of rivers and reservoirs that has resulted in a high growth in the population of
cyanobacteria, of which several species have been described as producers of toxins capable of causing death of domestic and wild
animals, in addition to problems to human health. The objective of the present work was then to evaluate the efficiency of
Moringa oleifera seeds as coagulant in removing cells of the cyanoba cterium Microcystis sp., apparent color, and turbidity from
water in association with ultrafiltration. For the experiments, deionized water was artificially contaminated with Microcystis sp. cells
from a culture. Mixing was carried out until samples with initial turbidity of 350 and 450 NTU were obtained to simulate high
turbidity water with bloom of cyanobacteria. After being prepared, the samples were subjected to the processes of (1) coagulat
ion/flocculation with moringa seeds (CFM), (2) UF, and (3) combined coagulation/flocculation with moringa solution followed by
ultrafiltration (CFM-UF). The CFM process was carried out with a solution of 1% moringa seeds at concentrations of 25 to 300 mg/L.
Mixing was promoted in a jar test device. Poly(ether sulfone) membrane with retention of 50 k Da and operating pressure of 2 bar
was used for the UF process. In the CFM process, turbidity removal ranged from 49 to 97.4%, color removal varied between 39 and
99.2%, and removal of Microcystis sp. cells ranged from 20 to 91%. Applying the anal. of variance to the results, optimal moringa
concentrations of 175 and 250 mg/L were obtained for water samples of 350 and 450 N TU resp. These concent rations were used in
the combined CFM-UF process. Microcystis sp. cells were not detected in treated water after U F and CFM-UF processes. Color and
turbidity removal was above 99% for both processes. For the permeate flux, the combined CFM-UF process and the UF process
alone presented average relative fluxes of 40% and 29.4%, resp. Membrane fouling was 78.5% for UF and 70% for C FM-UF. This way,
it can be said that coagulation/flocculation with moringa can be applied to high turbidity water, with high removal of color,
turbidity, and Microcystis sp. cells, reaching more than 99% when this process was combined with ultrafil tration. In addition, the
combined process showed higher permeate flux and slightly lower fouling percentage when compared with the UF process alone.
Keywords: Moringa hybrid coagulation flocculation Microcystis ultrafiltration water treatment
328
Corrosion inhibition of carbon steel in HCl solution by some plant extracts
By: Singh, Ambrish; Ebenso, Eno E.; Quraishi, M. A.

International Journal of Corrosion (2012), 897430, 20 pp. | Language: English, Database: CAplus
The strict environmental legislations and increasing ecol. awareness among scientists have led to the develo pment of "green" altern
atives to mitigate corrosion. In the present work , literature on green corrosion inhibitors was reviewed, and the salient features of
our work on green corrosion inhibitors were highli ghted. Among the studied leaves, extract Androg raphis paniculata showed better
inhibition performance (98%) than the other leaves extract Strychnos nuxvomica showed better inhibition (98%) than the other
seed extracts Moringa oleifera is reflected as a good corrosion inhibitor of mild steel in 1 M H Cl with 98% inhibition efficiency
among the studied fruits extract Bacopa monnieri showed its maximum inhibition performance to be 95% at 600 ppm among the
investigated stem extracts All the reported plant extracts were found to inhibit the corrosion of mild steel in acid media.
Keywords: carbon steel corrosion inhibitor Bacopa monnieri Andrographis paniculata extract

329
Moringa oleifera : a multipurpose tree with water coagulant seed proteins
By: Santos, Andrea F. S.; Paiva, Patricia M. G.; Coelho, Luana C. B. B.

Advances in Environmental Research (Hauppauge, NY, United States) (2012), 17, 393-401 | Language: English, Database: CAplus
In this review Moringa oleifera , a tree with great environ mental economic importance in industry and medicine, will be approa
ched. Distinct parts of the plant have bioactive properties and can be used to different purposes. The leaves are good sources of
protein and are used in human and animal diets. Leaves have growth-promoting hormones, are rich in folate and showed
hypocholesterolemic, antiviral, antiox idant and hypoglycemic activities; leaves and pods have compounds with hypote nsive activity.
Leaf aqueous extract can be used to hyperthyroidism regulation. Roots showed antiurolithiatic, anti-inflammatory/antiarthritic and
analgesic activities; pods have hypolipidemic activity; seeds showed hypotensive, antimicrobial, antitumor and antiox idant
activities and seed oil may be used for biodiesel production M. oleifera seed flour have been applied to treat water for human
consumption. M. oleifera seed extracts also showed larvicidal activity against A. aegypti larvae. Three different lectins, nonspe cific
hemagglutinating proteins, have already been highly purified from M. oleifera seeds ; two of them with coagulant or larvicidal
properties. Coagulant M. oleifera lectin (cMoL) showed affinity with humic acid; the seed lectin did bind and removed these
organic compounds purifying water.
Keywords: review Moringa water coagulant seed protein

330
Application of hybrid process of coagulation/flocculation and membrane filtration for the removal of
protozoan parasites from water
By: Nishi, L.; Vieira, A. M. S.; Vieira, M. F.; Silva, G. F.; Bergamasco, R.
Procedia Engineering (2012), 42, 173-185 | Language: English, Database: CAplus
Among the waterborne diseases, enteric diseases are most frequent. Approx. 19% of waterborne gastroenteritis outbreaks in the
United States are attributed to parasitic protozoans, particularly Giardia and Cryptosporidium species, due to their wide distri bution
in the environment, high incidence in the popula tion, and resistance to conventional water treatment. These microor ganisms and
impurities present in water do not approach each other, it is necessary to add a coagulant. Chem. coagulants are the most used
and among them the most common is aluminum sulfate, since it is cheap and easily obtained. However, chem. coagulants have
certain disadvantages, as they require tight control over their residual concent ration in treated water for human consum ption as
well as in industrial food production Then, the objective of the present work was to evaluate the efficiency of Moringa oleifera
seeds as natural coagulant in removing apparent color, turbidity, Giardia spp. cysts and Cryptosp oridium spp. oocysts from water
in association with microfiltration. The surface water used in the tests was collected at the Pirapo river basin, which supplies the city
of Maringa, Parana, Brazil. Samples of high and low turbidity were mixed to obtain water with different initial turbidities. Water
samples with initial turbidity of 50, 150, 250, 350, and 450 NTU were used in this study. Prepared samples were artifi cially contam
inated with 106 cysts/L of Giardia and 106 oocysts/L of Cryptosp oridium obtained from the pos. control (suspension of cysts and
oocysts) present in the com. kit Merifluor (Meridian Bioscience, Cincinnati, OH, USA). After being prepared, these samples were
subjected to the processes of (1) coagulation/flocculation with moringa seeds (CFM), (2) coagulation/flocculation with aluminum
sulfate; (3) microfiltration (MF), and (4) combined coagulation/flocculation with moringa seeds or aluminum sulfate followed by
microfiltration (CFM-MF or CFM-MF). Coagulation/flocculation tests with moringa were performed in a jar test device. Each sample,
with initial turbidity from 50 to 450 NTU, was subjected to 12 different concent rations of moringa coagulant solution, ranging from
25 to 350 mg/L. Polyimide membrane with porosity of 0.40 μm was used for the MF process with an operating pressure of 1 bar.
Moringa solution concentrations above 150 mg/L showed the best removal efficiency of turbidity - which varied from 3% to 97% -
and color, ranging from 6.7% to 73.5%. The CFM process achieved 1.2 log removal for Giardia and 1.0 log removal for Cryptosp
oridium. To membrane process, color and turbidity removal ranged from 80 to 100%, and the best results were obtained with the
combined CFM-MF. It was also observed that the pretre atment with moringa reduced membrane fouling (which was between 7.48
and 40.9%) and increased permeate flux (between 157 and 226 L/hm2) when compared with the M F (membrane fouling from 6.13
to 56.32% and permeate flow from 157 to 187 L/hm 2). It can be concluded that coagul ation with moringa showed satisfactory
results, reducing the number of (oo)cysts of protozoan parasites in accordance with W HO recommendations for the process of
coagulation/flocculation, as well as reducing color and turbidity. Combined with M F, the proposed process removed nearly 100% of
Giardia and Cryptosporidium (oo)cysts and achieved high levels of color and turbidity removal from water samples, presenting the
advantage of improving the quality of filtered water and the characteristics of the MF process (reduction of fouling and increase of
permeate flux).
Keywords: water protozoan parasite coagulation flocculation membrane filtration wastewater purifi cation

331
Characterization of superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles and its application in protein

purification
By: Okoli, Chuka; Fornara, Andrea; Qin, Jian; Toprak, Muhammet S.; Dalhammar, Gunnel; Muhammed, Mamoun; Rajarao, Gunaratna
K.
Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (2011), 11(11), 10201-10206 | Language: English, Database: CAplus and MEDLINE
The application of surface modified magnetic adsorbent particles in combin ation with magnetic separation techniques has received
considerable awareness in recent years. There is a particular need in protein purifi cation and anal. for specific, functional and
generic methods of protein binding on solid supports. Nanoscale superparamagnetic iron oxide particles have been used to purify a
natural coagulant protein extracted from Moringa oleifera seeds . Spectrophotometric anal. of the coagulant protein was
performed using synthetic clay solution as substrate. Protein binding with carboxyl and silica surface modified superparamagnetic
iron oxide nanoparticles (SPION) were compared with the known carboxyl Me cellulose (C MC) beads of ∼1 μm. SPION modified with
carboxyl surface showed higher binding capacity towards the coagulant protein compared to the CMC beads. The high surface area
to volume ratio of the carboxyl-coated SPION resulted in high binding capacity and rapid adsorption kinetics of the crude protein
extract The purification and mol. weight of coagulant protein is analyzed by S DS-PAGE. This approach utilizes the most efficient,
feasible and economical method of coagulant protein purification and it can also be applicable to other proteins that possess
similar properties.
Keywords: superparamagnetic iron oxide nanopa rticle protein purification application
332
Effect of lectins from Opuntia ficus indica cladodes and Moringa oleifera seeds on survival of
Nasutitermes corniger
By: Paiva, Patricia M. G.; Santana, Giselly M. S.; Souza, Igor F. A. C.; Albuquerque, Lidiane P.; Agra-Neto, Afonso C.; Albuquerque,
Auristela C.; Luz, Luciana A.; Napoleao, Thiago H.; Coelho, Luana C. B. B.
International Biodeterioration & Biodegradation (2011), 65(7), 982-989 | Language: English, Database: CAplus
Biodegradation by termites is a serious problem for wood and crop industries worldwide, and new environm entally friendly altern
atives for termite control have been developed. This work investigated the effects of crude and purified preparations containing
lectins from Opuntia ficus indica cladodes (OfiL) and Moringa oleifera seeds (WSMoL and cMoL) on Nasutitermes corniger workers
and soldiers. Purified OfiL was more active than cladode extracts, showing a stronger termit icidal activity against workers (L C50 of
0.116 mg ml-1) than against soldiers. Ofi L was active against soldiers only at 1.5 mg ml -1. All preparations containing WSMoL and c
MoL were active only at concent rations of 1.0 and 1.5 mg ml -1. The tested preparations did not exert repellent activity against N.
corniger. OfiL was able to kill workers and therefore is potent ially a new tool for N. corniger control; as a conseq uence, this lectin
could disturb organization, structure, and mainte nance of termite colonies.
Keywords: lectin Opuntia cladode Moringa seed Nasutitermes termiticide

333
Biological evaluation of crude and degummed oil from Moringa oleifera seeds
By: Andrade, Graziela de Fatima; Melo, Tania Marcia Sacramento; Guedes, Claudia Dumans; Novack, Katia Monteiro; Cardoso dos
Santos, Rinaldo; Silva, Marcelo Eustaquio
Brazilian Archives of Biology and Technology (2011), 54(5), 1003-1006 | Language: English, Database: CAplus
The aim of this work was to evaluate the oil extracted from Moringa oleifera (fam. Moringaceae) seeds from the nutritional standp
oint. Nutritional evaluation of crude or degummed moringa oil or soybean oil (as a control) involved the determi nation of the Food
Efficiency (FE) in male Fisher rats and the fatty acid compos ition of the moringa oil. Hepatic and renal functions were assessed by
measuring serum transaminases activity and urea and creatinine concentr ations, resp. Serum choles terol and triglycerides, alk.
phosphatase, total proteins and albumin were also measured. Results showed that F E was slightly increased by the crude moringa
oil while no differences were found between the soybean and degummed moringa oil regarding this parameter. Renal or hepatic
injures as well as major alterations in serum proteins were not induced by the tested oils. These results suggested that degummed
M. oleifera oil possessed adequate biol. quality as compared to the crude oil.
Keywords: Moringa seed degummed oil
334
Moringa (Moringa oleifera Lam.): a review
By: Emongor, V. E.
Acta Horticulturae (2011), 911, 497-508 | Language: English, Database: CAplus
A review. The moringa tree ( Moringa oleifera Lam.) is the most "underutilized" multipurpose tropical crop. The leaves, tender
pods and seeds could serve as a valuable source of nutrients for all age groups. The leaves, tender pods and seeds are sources
of vitamins, minerals and proteins. The leaves and branches can be used as feed for livestock and fish. Due to the high nutrient
content of the leaves, moringa can be incorporated into the mulching system. The dry seed suspension is a known natural
coagulant and coagulant aid with antibacterial activity. Dry moringa seeds can be used in place of alum to treat turbid water and
reduce bacteria in drinking water. Moringa leaf powder can be used as a supplement to boost or stimulate the immune system of
HIV/AIDS pos. people. Moringa seed contain oil that can be used for various industrial purposes and as vegetable oil for human
consumption or as biofuel. Global industrialization and the increasing demand for environ mental friendly products make moringa
have great potential as a source of pharmaceuticals, dyes, biofuel, human food, animal and fish feed, and water purifi cation
products.
Keywords: review Moringa seed pod leaf nutrition biofuel animal feed

335
Attenuation of hydroxyl radical formation by extracted constituent of Moringa oleifera Lam
By: Luqman, Suaib; Kumar, Ritesh

Current Chemical Biology (2011), 5(3), 213-218 | Language: English, Database: CAplus
Background and Aim: Moringa , an exceptionally nutritious food plant distri buted in the tropical and subtro pical regions of the
world, is increasingly being used for nutrit ional supplementation along with a variety of medicinal uses. Being rich in nutrients,
various parts of the plant such as the bark, root, fruit ( pod ), flower, leaves, seed and gum are widely used by tradit ional healers,
nutritionists, and doctors in a variety of illnesses. The immature green pods , called " drumsticks " are probably the most valued and
widely used part of the tree for water purification (e.g. desalination of ocean salt water). The leaves being good source of β-
carotene, vitamin C, protein, iron and potassium are used in soups and sauces. Despite an impressive medicinal use and the fact
that different parts are being employed for the treatment of various ailments in the indigenous system of medicine, little is known
scientifically about the scavenging potential of this plant. Therefore, the present study was undertaken to analyze and compare
concentration-dependent hydroxyl radical scavenging ability of Moringa oleifera fruit and leaf extracts (alc. and aqueous) . Methods
and Results: The activity of extracts at different concentrations (10-250 μg/mL) was determined both in the presence and/or
absence of ascorbic acid and EDTA using deoxyribose degradation assay. It was observed that Moringa extract scavenges hydroxyl
radical at lower concentrations and subsequent increase in concent ration suppresses scavenging activity. Conclu sion: Based on our
observations, it may be inferred that Moringa extract especially from the fruit ( pod ) and leaf part has strong antiox idant property
as assessed by its property of scavenging hydroxyl radical formation.
Keywords: Moringa extract hydroxyl radical scavenger
336
A Moringa oleifera disinfectant-sand filter integration: a review of an alternative sustainable

technology for household water treatment
By: Yongabi, K. A.; Lewis, D. M.; Harris, P. L.

Journal of Environmental Science and Engineering (Libertyville, IL, United States) (2011), 5(9), 1100-1108 | Language: English,
Database: CAplus
This review provides an insight and up-to-date information on the application of Moringa oleifera seeds , the short falls of existing
technologies as a coagulant and disinf ectant in domestic water treatment. While the coagulant properties are well reported, the
disinfectant properties are not well studied. Litera tures on low cost altern ative technologies such as the application of biocoag
ulants and slow sand filters are extens ively reported. However, there is limited work addressing the limitations of these techno
logies that have restricted its widespread use to solve the global soaring water crises. Slow sand filters have a very slow filtration
rate that depends on the biofilm layer which takes about 17 days to form. Moringa oleifera treated water cannot last more than 48
h without bacteria regrowth. Investigation of the best method of isolating coagulant component continues with differing opinions
over the nature of its coagulant ingredient not resolved in ongoing literature. An attempt was made in this paper to highlight the
advantages of a Moringa disinfectant sand filter hybrid system that can purify water. Microbiol. advantages of this system in
providing a 100% removal of pathogens, and engineering considerations such as water treatment within an hour residence time,
faster flow rates, less clogging and backwashing could be some of the advantages of a Moringa sand filter system. The need to
focus on integrating Moringa and sand filter systems for more practical applic ations is recommended.
Keywords: review Moringa seed disinfection coagulation domestic water treatment

337
Biosorption of Cu(II) onto agricultural materials from tropical regions
By: Acheampong, Mike A.; Pereira, Joana P. C.; Meulepas, Roel J. W.; Lens, Piet N. L.
Journal of Chemical Technology and Biotechnology (2011), 86(9), 1184-1194 | Language: English, Database: CAplus
In Ghana, the discharge of untreated gold mine wastewater contaminates the aquatic systems with heavy metals such as copper
(Cu), threatening ecosystem and human health. The undesi rable effects of these pollutants can be avoided by treatment of the
mining wastewater prior to discharge. In this work , the sorption properties of agricultural materials, namely coconut shell, coconut
husk, sawdust and Moringa oleifera seeds for Cu(II) were investigated. The Freundlich isotherm model described the Cu (II)
removal by coconut husk (R2 = 0.999) and sawdust (R 2 = 0.993) very well and the Cu (II) removal by Moringa oleifera seeds (R 2 =
0.960) well. The model only reasonably described the Cu(II) removal by coconut shell (R 2 = 0.932). A maximum Cu(II) uptake of 53.9
mg g-1 was achieved using the coconut shell. The sorption of Cu (II) onto coconut shell followed pseudo-second-order kinetics (R 2 =
0.997). FTIR spectroscopy indicated the presence of functional groups in the biosor bents, some of which were involved in the
sorption process. SEM-EDX anal. confirmed an exchange of Mg(II) and K(I) for Cu(II) on Moringa oleifera seeds and K(I) for Cu(II) on
coconut shell. This study shows that coconut shell can be an important low-cost biosorbent for Cu(II) removal. The results indicate
that ion exchange, precipitation and electrostatic forces were involved in the Cu (II) removal by the biosorbents investigated.
Keywords: coconut shell husk sawdust Moringa seed copper sorption kinetics
338
Coagulant and antibacterial activities of the water-soluble seed lectin from Moringa oleifera
By: Ferreira, R. S.; Napoleao, T. H.; Santos, A. F. S.; Sa, R. A.; Carneiro-da-Cunha, M. G.; Morais, M. M. C.; Silva-Lucca, R. A.; Oliva, M. L.
V.; Coelho, L. C. B. B.; Paiva, P. M. G.
Letters in Applied Microbiology (2011), 53(2), 186-192 | Language: English, Database: CAplus and MEDLINE
The aim of this work was to analyze the coagulant and antibac terial activities of lectin isolated from Moringa oleifera seeds that
are used for water treatment. The water-soluble M. oleifera lectin (WSMoL) was separated from nonhemaggl utinating components
(NHC) by chitin chromatog. W SMoL fluorescence spectrum was not altered in the presence of ions that are often present in high
concentrations in polluted waters. Seed extract, N HC and WSMoL showed coagulant activity on a turbid water model. Both N HC
and WSMoL reduced the growth of Staphylococcus aureus, but only W SMoL caused a reduction in Escher ichia coli. WSMoL was also
more effective in reducing the growth of ambient lake water bacteria. Data obtained from this study indicate that WSMoL is a
potential natural biocoagulant for water, reducing turbidity, suspended solids and bacteria. Moringa oleifera seeds are a material
effective in the treatment of water.
Keywords: Moringa lectin biocoagulant antibacterial

339
Interaction of Moringa oleifera seed lectin with humic acid
By: Santos, Andrea F. S.; Carneiro-da-Cunha, Maria G.; Teixeira, Jose A.; Paiva, Patricia M. G.; Coelho, Luana C. B. B.; Nogueira, Regina
Chemical Papers (2011), 65(4), 406-411 | Language: English, Database: CAplus
The aim of this work was to characterize the affinity of protein preparations from Moringa oleifera seeds , specifically extract
( seeds homogenised with 0.15 M Na Cl), fraction (extract precipitated with 390 mg m L-1 of ammonium sulfate) and c MoL (coagulant
M. oleifera lectin) to bind humic acids using a haemagglutinating activity assay with rabbit erythr ocytes and a radial diffusion assay
in agarose gel. Specific haemagglutinating activity (SHA) decreased by 94 % for the extract and c MoL and by 50 % for the fraction in
the presence of humic acid. Precipitation bands were observed in the diffusion gel. Both results suggested humic acid- cMoL
binding. Carbohydrates, potassium, and calcium ions and p H affected the SHA of cMoL. As an example of applic ation, cMoL was
immobilized on a column packed with sepharose receiving 20 mg m L-1 of carbon humic acid solution, 30 mg of humic acid per g of
support was removed. This result suggested that protein preparations might be used in water treatment to remove humic acids.
Keywords: Moringa seed lectin humic acid hemagglu tination
340
Factorial optimization and kinetics of coal washery effluent coag-flocculation by Moringa oleifera
seed biomass
By: Menkiti, Matthew Chukwudi; Nwoye, Chukwuka Ikechukwu; Onyechi, Chinenye Adaobi; Onukwuli, Okechukwu Dominic
Advances in Chemical Engineering and Science (2011), 1(3), 125-132 | Language: English, Database: CAplus
Factorial optimization and kinetics of coal washery effluent (C WE) coag-flocculation by Moringa oleifera seed has been invest igated
at room temperature based on standard method of bench scale jar test. Moringa oleifera coag-flocculant (MOC) was produced
according to work reported by Ghebrem ichael. A 2 3 full factorial central composite design was employed for the exptl. design and
anal. of results with respect to optimization. The combined effects of pH, dosage and settling time on the particle (turbidity)
removal were studied using response surface methodol. Kinetic data generated were confronted with specified kinetic models for
the evaluation of functional kinetics parameters. The optimal values of p H, dosage and settling time were recorded at 8400 mg/l
and 25 min, resp. The results of the major kinetic parameters recorded are 20.002 l/mg/min, and 0.79 min for order of reaction,
coag-flocculation reaction rate constant and coagul ation period, resp. The min. removal efficiency recorded was 95% at 3 mins of
coag-flocculation. The results, while re affirming M OC as efficient coag-flocculant, confirmed that theory of periki netics holds for the
studied system at the conditions of the experiment
Keywords: Moringa seed biomass coag floccu lation CWE factorial composite kinetics

341
Antioxidant and antidiabetic properties of condensed tannins in acetonic extract of selected raw and
processed indigenous food ingredients from Kenya
By: Kunyanga, Catherine Nkirote; Imungi, Jasper Kathenya; Okoth, Michael; Momanyi, Clare; Biesalski, Han Konrad; Vadivel, Vellingiri
Journal of Food Science (2011), 76(4), C560-C567 | Language: English, Database: CAplus and MEDLINE
Recently , tannins have received considerable attention as health-promoting component in various plant foods and several studies
have reported on its nutraceutical properties. However, no study has establ ished the role of condensed tannins in indigenous foods
of Kenya. Therefore, this study was designed to evaluate the antioxidant activity (DPPH and FRAP) and antidiabetic effects (α-
amylase and α-glucosidase inhibition activities) of condensed tannins in some selected raw and traditi onally processed indigenous
cereals, legumes, oil seeds , and vegetables. The condensed tannin content of the grains and vegetables ranged between 2.55 and
4.35 g/100 g DM and 1.53 and 5.73 g/100 g D M, resp. The scavenging effect of acetonic extract on D PPH radical ranged from 77% to
90% while the reducing power was found to be 31 to 574 mmol Fe(II)/g DM in all the invest igated food ingredients. The condensed
tannin extracts of the analyzed samples showed promising antidiabetic effects with potential α-amylase and α-glucosidase
inhibition activities of 23% to 44% and 58% to 88%, resp. Condensed tannins extracted from the amaranth grain, finger millet, field
bean, sunflower seeds , drumstick , and amaranth leaves exerted significantly higher antiox idant and antidiabetic activities than
other food ingredients. Among the traditional processing methods, roasting of grains and cooking of vegetables were found to be
more suitable mild treatments for preserving the tannin compound and its functional properties as opposed to soaking + cooking
and blanching treatments. The identified elite sources of optimally processed indigenous food ingred ients with promising results
could be used as health-promoting ingredients through formulation of therapeutic diets.
Keywords: antioxidant antidiabetic tannin food processing
342
Seed yield components, oil content, and fatty acid composition of two cultivars of moringa (Moringa
oleifera Lam.) growing in the Arid Chaco of Argentina
By: Ayerza, Ricardo

Industrial Crops and Products (2011), 33(2), 389-394 | Language: English, Database: CAplus
Moringa oleifera Lam. (M. pterygosperma Gaertn [Moringaceae]) is a fast- growing small tree native to the sub-Himalayan tracts of
Northern India. The recognition that moringa oil has value in cosmetics has increased interest in cultiv ating it for seed -oil. The
exptl. trials were conducted in a semi-com. moringa plantation in the subtro pical northwestern region of Argentina, consid ering
the similar climate conditions to the plant native region. Pods per tree, seeds per pod , weight of seed per pod , kernel weight,
kernels oil content and fatty acid composition of PKM-1 and African cultivars were determined One indivi dual, E4-9, a PKM-1 plant,
had significantly (P < 0.05) higher production than all other plants. In addition, this individual was the highest extrap olated oil
producer in both 2003 and 2004, with 595 and 564 kg ha-1, resp. (ave. 580 kg ha -1). Seed weight (200- seed weight) was significantly
greater in 2003 than 2004; no other traits studied showed significant differences between years. Both cultivars produced- oil with
practically identical fatty acid compos ition, and the monounsaturated ω-9 oleic fatty acid accounted for more than 70% of the total
for both cultivars. The polyunsaturated ω-6 linoleic fatty acid content of the African cultivar was slightly, but signifi cantly (P < 0.05) ,
higher than that of PKM-1.
Keywords: Moringa seed oil yield fatty acid Argentina

343
The potential of different saline solution on the extraction of the Moringa oleifera seed active
component for water treatment
By: Madrona, Grasiele Scaramal; Bergamasco, Rosangela; Seolin, Vanessa Jurca; Fagundes Klen, Marcia R.
International Journal of Chemical Reactor Engineering (2011), 9, No pp. given | Language: English, Database: CAplus
The main objective of the present work is to study the efficiency in terms of removing color and turbidity of raw water in order to
obtain drinking water. For this purpose, different coagulant solutions were obtained utilizing different salts, NaCl, KCl and MgCl2, in
concentration 1M, distilled water combined with the Moringa oleifera Lam seed . Each coagulant solution obtained was studied
with concentrations ranging from 25 to 300 mg/L of Moringa in salt solution The tests were performed in the "Jar Test", and the
efficiency of the process was assessed in terms of color and turbidity. The results show no difference in the coagulation for extracts
using the salts KCl, NaCl and MgCl2 1Molar. The best results were found employing the coagulant solutions extracted with salt, in
various concentration ranges (125 to 300 mg/L); as the concentration of protein in solution becomes higher, the greater is its power
as a coagulant. The lowest content of protein was found in the solution extracted with water, which consequently had the lowest
values of color and turbidity removal. Finally, the results obtained by the present work show that the seed of Moringa oleifera
Lam is a great alternative for use as a coagulant in drinking water treatment systems.
Keywords: color turbidity Moringa seed drinking coagul ation water purification
344
Nutritional properties of enriched local complementary flours
By: Compaore, W. R.; Nikiema, P. A.; Bassole, H. I. N.; Savadogo, A.; Hounhouigan, D. J.; Mouecoucou, J.; Traore, S. A.
Advance Journal of Food Science and Technology (2011), 3(1), 31-39 | Language: English, Database: CAplus
This study aimed to identify the nutritional, functional, sensory and microbiol. profile of exptl. nutrit ional flours, produced with local
products in Burkina Faso. The raw materials included maize (Zea mays), millet (Pennisetum glaucum) and rice (Oryza sativa) . Local
ingredients were pulps of Adansonia digitata and Parkia biglobosa and seeds of Cucurbita maxima and Moringa oleifera . Three
formula were developed, the first (F1) with maize, the second (F2) with rice and the last (F3) with millet. Each of these cereals was
mixed with predetermined portions of seeds and pulps in order to obtain enriched flour. Nutrit ional, microbiol. and functional
anal. and the acceptability criteria of these enriched flours were assessed and compared to Misola (F4) , the existing local complem
entary flour. The fat content of exptl. flours were resp. in the first (F1) , second (F2) and third formula (F3) 15.91 ± 0.01%, 11.82 ±
0.02% and 17.02 ± 0.02%. The carbohydrate range was 65.46 ± 0.06%, 70.81 ± 0.01% and 64.51 ± 0.01% for F1, F2 and F3, while the
energetic value is higher than recommended (453.07 ± 0.05, 424.56 ± 0.03 and 458.96 ± 0.05 kcal resp. for F1, F2 and F3) . Functional
characteristics indicated the good viscosity (117, 119 and 121 mm/30 s for F1, F2 and F3) least gelation (9, 6 and 7%) and water
absorption capacity (2, 4 and 1 g/g). Trained sensory evaluation panellists gore the enriched flour porridge a score of accept able.
These enriched flours have great potential as a weaning food in resource-poor and technol. under-developed countries.
Keywords: flour nutrient

345
Moringa oleifera oil: Studies of characterization and biodiesel production
By: da Silva, Jhosianna P. V.; Serra, Tatiana M.; Gossmann, Marcelo; Wolf, Carlos R.; Meneghetti, Mario R.; Meneghetti, Simoni M. P.
Biomass and Bioenergy (2010), 34(10), 1527-1530 | Language: English, Database: CAplus
This work describes studies with the seeds of Moringa oleifera (MO), obtained in the northeast of Brazil, evaluating some
properties and chem. composition of the oil, as well any potential applic ation in biodiesel production The studied physic ochem.
properties of the MO biodiesel, suggest that this material may be used as fuel in diesel engines, mainly as a mixture to petrod iesel.
Keywords: Moringa oleifera oil biodiesel transester ification
346
Study of the Effect of Saline Solution on the Extraction of the Moringa oleifera Seed 's Active
Component for Water Treatment
By: Madrona, Grasiele Scaramal; Serpelloni, Geovanna Bordini; Salcedo Vieira, Angelica Marquetotti; Nishi, Leticia; Cardoso, Karina
Cordeiro; Bergamasco, Rosangela
Water, Air, & Soil Pollution (2010), 211(1-4), 409-415 | Language: English, Database: CAplus
Several coagulants/flocculants have been studied in order to remove the color and turbidity of raw water, employing natural ones
demonstrated advantages in relation to chems. Moringa oleifera Lam is a natural polymer that has been gaining prominence in
water treatment. It acts as a clarifying agent, providing a cationic protein that destabilizes the particles contained in a liquid
medium. The main objective of the present work is to study the efficiency in terms of removing color and turbidity of raw water in
order to obtain drinking water. For this purpose, different coagulant solutions were obtained utilizing three solutions of KCl in
different concentrations (0.01, 0.1, and 1 M) and pure water combined with M. oleifera Lam seed . Each coagulant solution
obtained was studied with concentrations ranging from 50 to 600 ppm of Moringa in solution The p H was varied (4.0, 6.0, and 8.0)
with 25% and 50% sodium hydroxide solution (NaOH) and hydrochloric acid (HCl), resp. The tests were conducted with the "Jar Test
Device" and the efficiency of the process was evaluated regarding the reduction of color and turbidity. The best results were found
employing the coagulant solutions extracted with 1 M salt solution, pH 8.0, and different concentrations of coagulant solution It is
important to explain that the best results were in various concentration ranges, as the concentration of protein in solution becomes
higher, the greater is its power as a coagulant. The lowest content of protein was found in the solution extracted with water, which
consequently had the lowest values of color and turbidity removal.
Keywords: saline extraction Moringa seed coagulation water purification color turbidity

347
Phytopharmacology of Moringa oleifera - an edible plant
By: Modi, D. C.; Patel, J. K.; Shah, B. N.; Nayak, B. S.

Pharmacologyonline (2010), (2), 692-705 | Language: English, Database: CAplus
A review. Moringa oleifera (Moringaceae), commonly called the " drumstick ", is well known for its multip urpose attributes, wide
adaptability, and ease of establishment. It is distributed in many countries of the tropics and subtro pics. It has an impressive range
of medicinal uses with high nutritional value. Different parts of this plant contain a profile of important minerals, and are a good
source of protein, vitamins, beta-carotene, amino acids and various phenolics. The Moringa plant provides a rich and rare combin
ation of zeatin, quercetin, beta- sitosterol, caffeoylquinic acid and kaempferol. In addition to its compelling water purifying powers
and high nutritional value, M. oleifera is very important for its medicinal value. Various parts of this plant such as the leaves, roots,
seed , bark, fruit, flowers and immature pods act as cardiac and circul atory stimulants, possess antitumor, antipyretic, antiepileptic,
tective, antibacterial and antifungal activities, and are being employed for the treatment of different ailments in the indigenous
system of medicine.
Keywords: review carotene phenol zeatin Moringa
348
Mineral composition of Moringa oleifera leaves, pods and seeds from two regions in Abuja, Nigeria
By: Anjorin, Toba Samuel; Ikokoh, Pius; Okolo, Simon

The mineral composition of the lamina, petiole, seed pod , seed shell, seed kernel powder and seed kernel oil of Moringa
oleifera L. from two regions, Sheda and Kuje, Abuja, Nigeria were investi gated. The results indicated that Ca, Mg, Fe and Cu in M.
oleifera leaves, pods and seeds from Sheda were relatively higher than that from Kuje. Relatively high contents of Ca and Fe were
found in the lamina and seed shell of the plant resp. from both regions. The Mg content (0.185 mg m L-1) in the seed kernel oil of
moringa from Sheda was significantly lower (P ≤ 0.05) than that in the other parts of leaf and seed . The Fe content in the seed
shell from Sheda was 0.2436 mg g-1 more than those from Kuje. Toxic element such as Pb was absent in the leaves, pods and
seeds of moringa from both locations. This study confirmed that there are variations in macro and trace minerals in moringa
leaves, pods and seeds from different locations. This finding might be a reference point in the selection and formul ation of plant-
based mineral supplement in animal and human nutrition.
Keywords: mineral Moringa leaf pod seed Abuja

349
The role of diet and lifestyle in primary, secondary, and tertiary diabetes prevention: a review of meta-
analyses.
By: Psaltopoulou, Theodora; Ilias, Ioannis; Alevizaki, Maria

The review of diabetic studies : RDS (2010), 7(1), 26-35 | Language: English, Database: MEDLINE
Prevention of diabetes is crucial to lowering disease incidence, and thus minimizing the individual, familial, and public health
burden. The purpose of this review is to gather current information from meta-analyses on dietary and lifestyle practices
concerning reduction of risk to develop type 2 diabetes. Low glycemic index dietary patterns reduce both fasting blood glucose and
glycated proteins independent of carbohydrate consumption. Diets rich in whole-grain, cereal high fiber products, and non- oil-
seed pulses are beneficial. Whereas, frequent meat consum ption has been shown to increase risk. Regarding non- alcoholic
beverages, 4 cups/day of filtered coffee or tea are associated with a reduced diabetes risk. In contrast, the consumption of alcoholic
beverages should not exceed 1-3 drinks/day. Intake of vitamin E, carotenoids, and magnesium can be increased to counteract
diabetes risk. Obesity is the most important factor accounting for more than half of new diabetes' cases; even modest weight loss
has a favorable effect in preventing the appearance of diabetes. Also, physical exercise with or without diet contri butes to a
healthier lifestyle, and is important for lowering risk. Finally, there is a positive association between smoking and risk to develop
type 2 diabetes. As far as secondary and tertiary prevention is concerned, for persons already diagnosed with diabetes, there is
limited evidence of the effectiveness of diet or lifestyle modifi cation on glycemic control, but further studies are necessary.
350
Artificial neural network modeling for sorption of cadmium from aqueous system by shelled Moringa
Oleifera seed powder as an agricultural waste
By: Kardam, Abhishek; Raj, Kumar Rohit; Arora, Jyoti Kumar; Srivastava, Man Mohan; Srivastava, Shalini
Journal of Water Resource and Protection (2010), 2(4), 339-344 | Language: English, Database: CAplus
A two-layer Artificial Neural Network (A NN) model was developed to predict the removal efficiency of Cd (II) ions from aqueous
solution using shelled Moringa Oleifera seed (SMOS) powder. Batch experi ments resulted into standard ization of optimum condit
ions: biomass dosage (4.0 g) , Cd(II) concentration (25 mg/L) volume (200 mL) at pH 6.5. A time of forty minutes was found sufficient
to achieve the equilibrium The ANN model was designed to predict sorption efficiency of S MOS for target metal ion by combining
back propagation (BP) with principal component anal. A sigmoid axon was used as transfer function for input and output layer. The
Levenberg-Marquardt algorithm (LMA) was applied, giving a min. mean squared error (M SE) for training and cross validation at the
ninth place of decimal.
Keywords: Moringa Oleifera agricultural waste aqueous system cadmium sorption A NN

351
Neural network modeling for Ni(lI) removal from aqueous system using shelled Moringa Oleifera
seed powder as an agricultural waste
By: Raj, Kumar Rohit; Kardam, Abhishek; Arora, Jyoti Kumar; Srivastava, Man Mohan; Srivastava, Shalini
Journal of Water Resource and Protection (2010), 2(4), 331-338 | Language: English, Database: CAplus
A single-layer Artificial Neural Network (A NN) model was developed to predict the removal efficiency of Ni (II) ions from aqueous
solution using shelled Moringa Oleifera seed (SMOS) powder. Batch experi ments resulted into standard ization of optimum condit
ions: biomass dosage (4.0 g) , Ni(II) concentration (25 mg/L) volume (200 mL) at pH 6.5. A time of forty minutes was found sufficient
to achieve the equilibrium The ANN model was designed to predict sorption efficiency of S MOS for target metal ion by combining
back propagation (BP) with principal component anal. A sigmoid axon was used as transfer function for input and output layers.
The Levenberg-Marquardt Algorithm (LMA) was applied, giving a min. mean squared error (M SE) for training and cross validation at
the ninth place of decimal.
Keywords: agricultural waste SMOS powder nickel aqueous system ANN model
352
Moringa oleifera lam. seeds as a natural solid adsorbent for removal of Ag 1 in aqueous solutions
By: Araujo, Cleide S. T.; Melo, Edmar I.; Alves, Vanessa N.; Coelho, Nivia M. M.
Journal of the Brazilian Chemical Society (2010), 21(9), 1727-1732 | Language: English, Database: CAplus
This work describes the sorption potential of Moringa oleifera seeds for the decontamination of Ag 1 in aqueous solutions IR
spectroscopy was used for elucid ating possible functional groups responsible for uptaking Ag 1. Sorption studies using Ag 1 standard
solutions were carried out in batch experiments as functions of adsorbent mass, extraction time, particle size, and p H. Ag 1 was
quantified before and after the removal experiments using flame at. absorption spectro metry. Furthermore, based on adsorption
studies and adsorption isotherms applied to the Langmuir model, it was possible to verify that M. oleifera seeds present a high
adsorption capacity. The optimum conditions were: 2.0 g of adsorbent with particle size of 75-500 μm, 100 mL of 25.0 mg/L -1 Ag -1,
extraction time of 20 min, and pH at 6.5. Moringa oleifera seeds can be used for removing Ag 1 in aqueous solutions
Keywords: silver wastewater adsorption Moringa oleifera seed

353
Antibacterial effect (in vitro) of Moringa oleifera and Annona muricata against Gram positive and
Gram negative bacteria.
By: Viera, Gustavo Hitzschky Fernandes; Mourão, Jozeanne Alves; Angelo, Angela Maria; Costa, Renata Albuquerque; Vieira, Regine
Helena Silva dos Fernandes
Revista do Instituto de Medicina Tropical de Sao Paulo (2010), 52(3), 129-32 | Language: English, Database: MEDLINE
Antibacterial effects of aqueous and ethanolic extracts of seeds of moringa (Moringa oleifera ) and pods of soursop (Annona
muricata) in the concentration of 1:5 and 1:10 in volumes 50, 100, 150 and 200 micro L were examined against Staphyl ococcus
aureus, Vibrio cholerae, Escherichia coli (isolated from the organism and the aquatic enviro nment) and Salmonella Enteritidis.
Antibacterial activity (inhibition halo > 13 mm) against S. aureus, V. cholerae and E. coli isolated from the whiteleg shrimp, Litope
naeus vannmaei, was detected in aqueous and ethanolic extracts of moringa . E. coli isolated from tilapi afish, Oreochromis
niloticus, was sensitive to the ethanolic extract of moringa . The aqueous extracts of soursop showed an antibac terial effect against
S. aureus and V. cholerae, but the antibacterial activity by the ethanol extracts of this plant was not demonst rated.
354
Dynamic biosorption of Zn(II) and Cu(II) using pretreated Rosa gruss an teplitz (red rose) distillation
sludge
By: Bhatti, Haq Nawaz; Khalid, Rabia; Hanif, Muhammad Asif

Chemical Engineering Journal (Amsterdam, Netherlands) (2009), 148(2-3), 434-443 | Language: English, Database: CAplus
This work presented conditions for Cu (II) and Zn(II) removal using native, phys. and chem. pretreated Rosa gruss an teplitz (red
rose) distillation sludge. Cu(II) and Zn(II) sorption was found dependent on solution p H, biosorbent dose, biosorbent particle size,
shaking speed, temperature, initial concentration of metal ions being sorbed and contact time. Phys. and chem. pretrea tments of
biomass resulted in an increase or decrease in metals uptake capacity. The effect of different pretreatments is discussed in detail.
Highest Cu(II) and Zn(II) biosorption capacities were observed for P EI + glutaraldehyde (68.64 mg/g) and Na OH (43.4 mg/g)
pretreated biomass, resp. The native biomass showed Cu(II) biosorption capacity that was adequately described by Freundlich
isotherm, whereas Zn(II) biosorption phenomenon was described by Langmuir isotherm. The suitab ility of a pseudo- first-order
chem. reaction for sorption of Cu(II) and Zn(II) ions onto this biomass was apparent as this kinetic model described adequately the
largest part of the process.
Keywords: biosorption zinc copper pretreated red rose distil lation sludge biomass; wastewater biosorption zinc copper pretreated
red rose biomass biosorbent

355
Isolation of a seed coagulant Moringa oleifera lectin
By: Santos, Andrea F. S.; Luz, Luciana A.; Argolo, Adriana C. C.; Teixeira, Jose A.; Paiva, Patriicia M. G.; Coelho, Luana C. B. B.
Process Biochemistry (Amsterdam, Netherlands) (2009), 44(4), 504-508 | Language: English, Database: CAplus
In this work hemagglutinating activity (HA) was investigated in distinct Moringa oleifera tissue extracts A new lectin from seeds (c
MoL) was purified and characterized; hemagglutinating and coagul ating activities were evaluated. HA was detected in 0.15 M Na Cl
extracts from flowers and rachis inflorescence (5%, weight/volume), seeds , leaves, fundamental tissue of stem and steam bark
(10%, weight/volume). The cMoL isolated after saline extraction and guar gel column chromatog. was active at p H range 4.0-9.0
agglutinating erythrocytes from rabbit and human blood types. Extracts of tissues and c MoL activities were carbohydrate-inhibited;
azocasein and asialofetuin abolished cMoL HA. The lectin was thermo stable at 100 °C during 7 h. Polyacr ylamide gel electrophoresis
under reduced conditions revealed a main polypeptide band of 26.5 kDa; native basic c MoL was detected as a unique band. Seed
lectin preparations and cMoL showed coagulant activity, similar to aluminum sulfate, the coagulant most widely used in water
treatment.
Keywords: Moringa seed hemagglutinating lectin c MoL
356
Oil and fatty acid diversity in genetically variable clones of Moringa oleifera from India
By: Banerji, R.; Bajpai, Aruna; Verma, S. C.

Journal of Oleo Science (2009), 58(1), 9-16 | Language: English, Database: CAplus and MEDLINE
The physico-chem. properties of oil from Moringa oleifera seeds from India were determined in the present study. The petroleum
ether extracted oil ranged from 27.83 - 45.07% on kernel basis and 15.1-28.4% on whole seed basis in 20 different clones. Leaves
and pods showed a good source of vitamin C. Oleic acid (C18: 1) has been found to be the major fatty acid being 78.91- 85.52% as
compared to olive oil, which is considered to be richest source of oleic acid. All the clones from India did not show any presence of
behenic acid (C 22:0). The oil was also found to contain high levels of β- sitosterol ranged from 42.29-47.94% stigmasterol from
13.66-16.61%, campesterol from 12.53-16.63%. The γ- and δ- tocopherol were found to be in the range of 128.0- 146.95, 51.88-63.5
and 55.23-63.84 mg/kg, resp.
Keywords: Moringa oil fatty acid diversity

357
Larvicidal activity of the water extract of Moringa oleifera seeds against Aedes aegypti and its toxicity
upon laboratory animals.
By: Ferreira, Paulo M P; Carvalho, Ana F U; Farias, Davi F; Cariolano, Nara G; Melo, Vânia M M; Queiroz, Maria G R; Martins, Alice M C;
Machado-Neto, Joaquim G
Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciencias (2009), 81(2), 207-16 | Language: English, Database: MEDLINE
In this work , biological effects of the water extract of Moringa oleifera seeds (WEMOS) were assessed on eggs and 3rd instar
larvae of Aedes aegypti and on its toxicity upon laboratory animals (Daphnia magna, mice and rats). Crude W EMOS showed a L C50
value of 1260microg/mL, causing 99.2 +/- 2.9% larvae mortality within 24 h at 5200mi crog/mL, though this larvicidal activity has
been lost completely at 80 masculineC/10 min. WEMOS did not demons trate capacity to prevent egg hatching. After extensive
dialyses of the crude WEMOS into waters oluble dialyzable (DF) and nondyalizable (NDF) fractions, only DF maintained its efficacy to
kill larvae. Acute toxicity evaluations on daphnids (EC50 of 188.7microg/mL) and mice (LD50 of 446.5 mg/kg body weight) pointed
out to low toxicity. Despite the thymus hypertrophy, WEMOS revealed to be harmless in orally and subacutel ytreated rats. In conclu
sion, WEMOS has thermo stable bioactive compounds against Ae. aegypti larvae with apparent molecular mass lower than 12 k Da
and moderately toxic potential.
358
Comparative study of aluminum sulfate and Moringa oleifera seeds as coagulants in the clarification
of water with low turbidity
By: Ledo, Patricia G. S.; Lima, Raquel F. S.; Paulo, Joao B. A.; Duarte, Marco A. C.
Informacion Tecnologica (2009), 20(5), 3-12 | Language: Spanish, Database: CAplus
The objective of the present work is to study the efficiency of a coagulant prepared from Moringa oleifera seeds , for clarifying
water samples with low turbidity from the Jiqui Lake, in the State of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal-Brazil. The dosages and p H of the
coagulants were changed within defined limits. Jar-test essays and measur ements of electrophoretic mobility were done to
determine the Zeta potential and the possible mechanisms involved in the coagulation process. The mechanisms of coagulation
with Moringa oleifera are absorption and neutralization of charges and absorption and bridging. Probably for low turbidity waters,
Moringa oleifera seeds represent a potentially viable substitute of aluminum sulfate for water clarifi cation.
Keywords: aluminum sulfate Moringa seed coagulant clarification water

359
System for treating addictions including genetic testing for gene polymorphism, rehabilitation regimen
of physical exercise , special diet and dietary supplements
Assignee: Unknown
United States, US20080226759 A1 2008-09-18 | Language: English, Database: CAplus
A system for treating addictions includes genetic testing to determine the presence of allelic variants of genes shown to be
associated with impulsive/addictive behaviors and a tailored rehabil itation regimen of specific phys . exercise , special diet and
particular dietary supplements to optimize the way mood elevation is achieved in the patient. The system further includes
individual and group counseling and initial oxygen therapy. The genetic testing assesses the presence of gene polymorphism in at
least one of D2 dopamine receptor gene (DRD2), dopamine transporter gene (DAT1), dopamine beta-hydroxylase gene (DBH) and
serotonin transporter (SERT) gene. The dietary supple ments are tailored to stimulate production of neurome diators or neurotran
smitters, depending upon the polymo rphism determined The exercises include static and dynamic routines also tailored to the
results of the genetic testing. After completion of the inpatient portion of the system, further therapies include daily exercise and
dietary supplement programs tailored for each polymorphism discovered.
Keywords: gene polymorphism dietary supplement neuromediator neurotransmitter phys exercise addiction
360
System for treating addictions including genetic testing for gene polymorphism, rehabilitation regimen
of physical exercise , special diet and dietary supplements
Assignee: Unknown
A system for treating addictions includes genetic testing to determine the presence of allelic variants of genes shown to be
associated with impulsive/addictive behaviors and a tailored rehabil itation regimen of specific phys . exercise , special diet and
particular dietary supplements to optimize the way mood elevation is achieved in the patient. The system further includes
individual and group counseling and initial oxygen therapy. The genetic testing assesses the presence of gene polymorphism in at
least one of D2 dopamine receptor gene (DRD2), dopamine transporter gene (DAT1), dopamine beta-hydroxylase gene (DBH) and
serotonin transporter (SERT) gene. The dietary supple ments are tailored to stimulate production of neurome diators or neurotran
smitters, depending upon the polymo rphism determined The exercises include static and dynamic routines also tailored to the
results of the genetic testing. After completion of the inpatient portion of the system, further therapies include daily exercise and
dietary supplement programs tailored for each polymorphism discovered.
Keywords: gene polymorphism dietary supplement neuromediator neurotransmitter phys exercise addiction
available
361
Moringa oleifera : bioactive compounds and nutritional potential
By: Ferreira, Paulo Michel Pinheiro; Farias, Davi Felipe; Oliveira, Jose Tadeu de Abreu; Carvalho, Ana de Fatima Urano
Revista de Nutricao (2008), 21(4), 431-437 | Language: English, Database: CAplus
A review. This work aims to review the nutritional properties of the Moringa oleifera tree, emphasizing its main consti tuents and
nutritional applications for humans and animals. Moringa oleifera (Moringaceae) is a cosmopolitan tree that grows in many tropical
countries showing uncountable folk uses due to its various nutrit ional and pharmacol. applications. The young leaves, flowers and
pods are common vegetables in the Asian diet. All parts of this plant are renewable sources of tocoph erols (γ and α), phenolic
compounds, β-carotene, vitamin C and total proteins, including the essential sulfur amino acids, methionine and cysteine. The seed
protein and fat contents are higher than those reported for important grain legumes and soybean varieties, resp. Unsaturated fatty
acids, especially oleic acid, carbohydrates and minerals are present in the seed in reasonable amounts In general, there are low
concentrations of antinutritional factors in the plant, although the seeds possess glucosinolates (65.5μmol/g dry matter), phytates
(41 g/kg) and hemagglutination activity while the leaves have appreciable amounts of saponins (80g/kg), besides low quantity of
phytates (21g/kg) and tannins (12g/kg). Taking into conside ration the excellent nutritional properties, the low toxicity of the seeds
and the excellent ability of the plant to adapt to poor soils and dry climates, Moringa oleifera can be an alternative to some
leguminous seeds as a source of high- quality protein, oil and antiox idant compounds and a way to treat water in rural areas where
appropriate water resources are not available.
Keywords: review Moringa nutrient protease inhibitor
362
Mechanisms for biosorption of chromium (III), copper (II) and mercury (II) using water extracts of
Moringa oleifera seed powder
By: Sajidu, S. M. I.; Persson, I.; Masamba, W. R. L.; Henry, E. M. T.

African Journal of Biotechnology (2008), 7(6), 800804 | Language: English, Database: CAplus
In continuation of our work on heavy metal remedi ation using Moringa seed powder, this study examines the mechanisms of
metal sorption on water extracts of Moringa oleifera (MO) seed powder using extended X- ray absorption fine structure (E XAFS).
Chromium(III) is hydrolyzed to form a mixture of [ Cr 3(OH)4(H2O)10 ] 5+ and [Cr(OHx)2<(OH)2>] nn(2x-3)+ complexes, x = 1 or 2. The
chromium(III) complexes are octahedral with mean Cr- O bond distance of 1.97 (2) Å. Copper (II) forms complexes with ligands with
oxygen and/or nitrogen donor atoms, most likely amino and carboxylate groups. Copper(II) retain the typical Jahn-Teller distortion
with Cu-O/N bond distances of 1.97 (2) and 2.21(4) Å. Furthermore, a Cu...C distance at 2.96 Å, and a corresp onding Cu-O-C 3-leg
scattering path at 3.10 Å are observed as well, strongly supporting that a large fraction of carboxylate groups are bound to the
copper(II) ion on the equatorial plane. Mercury (I I) forms mainly linear complexes with nitrogen donor ligands, d (Hg-N) = 2.15 (2) Å,
most probably from amino groups in amino acids or proteins. This shows that the softer metal ions, copper(II) and mercury(II), form
complexes with oxygen and/or nitrogen donor ligands in the MO extracts, while the harder and more highly charged chromium (III)
ion becomes hydrolyzed. The study therefore suggests that the successful biosor ption of heavy metals by Moringa , a potential
heavy metal removing agent, is attributable to its oxygen and nitrogen donating carbox ylate and amino groups.
Keywords: Moringa oleifera seed chromium copper mercury sorption wastewater treatment

363
Daily exercise fluctuations and dietary patterns during training predict visceral fat regain in obese
women.
By: Koga, Ririko; Tanaka, Misuzu; Tsuda, Hiroko; Imai, Katsumi; Abe, Shimako; Masuda, Takashi; Iwamoto, Masako; Nakazono, Eri;
Kamohara, Tomoko; Sakata, Toshiie
The American journal of the medical sciences (2008), 336(6), 450-7 | Language: English, Database: MEDLINE
BACKGROUND: Visceral adiposity is an essential component of metabolic syndrome. Reduction of excessive visceral fat prevents
metabolic syndrome and improves atherosclerotic diseases. This study aimed to identify dietary patterns and physical exercise
during the training - education period that predict visceral adiposity regain during the follow- up period. METHODS: One hundred
one moderately obese Japanese women, 23 to 67 years of age, participated in 0- to 4- month training - education and 12-month
follow-up periods. Dietary patterns of food groups during training - education were analyzed by principal components analysis, and
3 major dietary patterns were derived. The change in visceral fat over the follow-up, adjusted for 4- month visceral fat area (VFA)
and 4- to 16-month body mass index change, was analyzed using stepwise multiple linear regres sion. RESULTS: VFA and body
weight decreased during training - education (P<0.001) and were maintained during follow- up. One major dietary pattern (of 3)
(P=0.030) and standard deviations of daily exercise duration (P=0.012) during training - education predicted VFA regain during
follow-up. This regain correlated negatively with combin ations of bread, milk and dairy products, fruits, seeds and nuts, and
mushrooms, but positively with combinations of rice, pickles, miso, alcohol, and meat. The large standard deviation of daily
exercise duration during training - education showed greater VFA regain during follow- up than did the smaller standard deviation
(P=0.023), but body mass index did not show a similar trend. C ONCLUSION: Our results revealed that daily exercise fluctuations
and dietary patterns were useful predictors of visceral fat regain.
364
Alteration of brain monoamines & EEG wave pattern in rat model of Alzheimer's disease & protection
by Moringa oleifera .
By: Ganguly, R; Guha, D

The Indian journal of medical research (2008), 128(6), 744-51 | Language: English, Database: MEDLINE
BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVES: The monoaminergic systems which exert a modulatory role in memory proces sing, are disturbed in
Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Moringa oleifera (MO) has been shown to exert its effect in C NS by altering the brain monoam ines.
The present study aims to see whether chronic oral treatment of ethanolic extract of MO leaves can alter the brain monoamines
(norepinephrine, dopamine and serotonin) in distinct areas of brain in rat model of A D caused by intracerebroverticle (ICV) infusion
of colchicine and hence can provide protection against monoaminergic deficits associated with A D. METHODS: Rats were given ICV
infusion of colchicine (15 microg/5microl) and MO leaf alcoholic extract was given in various doses. The effective dose was standa
rdized by radial arm maze (R AM) training . From the selected dose of 250 mg/kg body weight, the bioche mical estimations and EEG
studies were performed. RESULTS: Stereotaxic ICV infusion of colchicine significantly impaired the R AM performance together with
decrease in norepinephrine (NE) level in cerebral cortex (C C), hippocampus (HC) and caudate nucleus (CN). Dopamine (DA) and
serotonin (5-HT) levels were decreased in C C, HC and CN. The EEG studies showed a decrease in beta and alpha waves and increase
in biphasic spike wave pattern in experimental Alzheimer rat model. Treatment with M O extract markedly increased the number of
correct choices in a RAM task with variable alteration of brain monoam ines. The EEG studies showed an increase in beta waves and
a decrease in spike wave discharges. INTERPRETATION & CONCLUSION: Our results showed that brain monoamines were altered
discreetly in different brain areas after colchicine infusion in brain. After treatment with MO, leaf extract the monoamine levels of
brain regions were restored to near control levels. Our findings indicated that MO might have a role in providing protection against
AD in rat model by altering brain menoamine levels and electrical activity.

365
Fatty acids in Moringa oleifera oil
By: Ashraf, F.; Gilani, S. R.

Journal of the Chemical Society of Pakistan (2007), 29(4), 343-345 | Language: English, Database: CAplus
The research work was conducted to investigate the total fatty acid contents in Moringa (Moringa oleifera ) seed kernels oil by G L
C. The oil was found to contain high level of unsatu rated fatty acids. The dominant saturated fatty acids were Palmitic acid (12.51 %)
and Lauric acid (1.97 %). The percentages of other fatty acids in Moringa oleifera seed kernel oil were Stearic acid (2.09 %) , Linoleic
acid (1.27 %) and Linolenic acid (1.75 %). Oleic acid (74.99 %) was the most abundant of the unsatu rated fatty acids found in
Moringa oleifera seed kernels oil. The above chem. compos ition of the oil recommends its use in pharmac eutical preparation
preferably in skin treatment/ creams.
Keywords: Moringa oil fatty acid
366
Concomitant administration of Moringa oleifera seed powder in the remediation of arsenic-induced

oxidative stress in mouse
By: Gupta, Richa; Dubey, D. K.; Kannan, G. M.; Flora, S. J. S.

Cell Biology International (2007), 31(1), 44-56 | Language: English, Database: CAplus and MEDLINE
Contamination of ground water by arsenic has become a cause of global public health concern. In West Bengal, India, almost 6
million people are endemically exposed to inorganic arsenic by drinking heavily contam inated groundwater through hand-pumped
tube wells. No safe, effective and specific preventive or therapeutic measures for treating arsenic poisoning are available. We
recently reported that some of the herbal extracts possess properties effective in reducing arsenic concent ration and in restoring
some of the toxic effects of arsenic in animal models. Moringa oleifera Lamarack (English: Horseradish-tree , Drumstick -tree,
Hindi: Saijan, Sanskrit: Shigru) belongs to the Moringaceae family, is generally known in the developing world as a vegetable, a
medicinal plant and a source of vegetable oil. The objective of the present study was to determine whether Moringa oleifera (M.
oleifera ) seed powder could restore arsenic induced oxidative stress and reduce body arsenic burden. Exposure to arsenic (2.5
mg/kg, i.p. for 6 wk) led to a significant increase in the levels of tissue reactive oxygen species (R OS), metallothionein (MT) and
thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (T BARS) which were accompanied by a decrease in the activities in the antiox idant enzymes
such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) in mice. Arsenic exposed mice also exhibited liver
injury as reflected by reduced acid phosphatase (ACP), alk. phosphatase (ALP) and aspartate aminotra nsferase (AST) activities and
altered heme synthesis pathway as shown by inhibited blood δ-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase (δ-ALAD) activity. Co-administration
of M. oleifera seed powder (250 and 500 mg/kg, orally) with arsenic signifi cantly increased the activities of S OD, catalase, GPx with
elevation in reduced GSH level in tissues (liver, kidney and brain) . These changes were accomp anied by approx. 57%, 64% and 17%
decrease in blood ROS, liver metallothionein (MT) and lipid peroxidation resp. in animal co- administered with M. oleifera and
arsenic. Another interesting observation has been the reduced uptake of arsenic in soft tissues (55% in blood, 65% in liver, 54% in
kidneys and 34% in brain) following administration of M. oleifera seed powder (particularly at the dose of 500 mg/kg) . It can thus
be concluded from the present study that concomitant administration of M. oleifera seed powder with arsenic could signifi cantly
protect animals from oxidative stress and in reducing tissue arsenic concentration Administration of M. oleifera seed powder thus
could also be beneficial during chelation therapy with a thiol chelator.
Keywords: arsenic oxidative stress Moringa seed powder

367
Moringa oleifera : a food plant with multiple medicinal uses
By: Anwar, Farooq; Latif, Sajid; Ashraf, Muhammad; Gilani, Anwarul Hassan
Phytotherapy Research (2007), 21(1), 17-25 | Language: English, Database: CAplus and MEDLINE
A review. Moringa oleifera Lam (Moringaceae) is a highly valued plant, distri buted in many countries of the tropics and subtro pics.
It has an impressive range of medicinal uses with high nutritional value. Different parts of this plant contain a profile of important
minerals, and are a good source of protein, vitamins, β-carotene, amino acids and various phenolics. The Moringa plant provides a
rich and rare combination of zeatin, quercetin, β- sitosterol, caffeoylquinic acid and kaempferol. In addition to its compelling water
purifying powers and high nutritional value, M. oleifera is very important for its medicinal value. Various parts of this plant such as
the leaves, roots, seed , bark, fruit, flowers and immature pods act as cardiac and circul atory stimulants, possess antitumor, antipy
retic, antiepileptic, antiinflammatory, antiulcer, antispasmodic, diuretic, antihypertensive, cholesterol lowering, antioxidant, antidia
betic, hepatoprotective, antibacterial and antifungal activities, and are being employed for the treatment of different ailments in the
indigenous system of medicine, particularly in South Asia. This review focuses on the detailed phytochem. compos ition, medicinal
uses, along with pharmacol. properties of different parts of this multipurpose tree.
Keywords: review Moringa medicinal plant
368
Comparison of water turbidity removal efficiencies of Moringa oleifera seed extract and
polyaluminum chloride
By: Bina, Bijan; Shasavani, Abbas; Asghare, Gholamreza; Hasanzade, Akbar

Water & Wastewater (2007), 61, 24-33 | Language: Persian, Database: CAplus
Coagulation and flocculation are essential processes in water treatment plants. Metal salts such as Al sulfate and ferric chloride are
commonly used in the coagulation process in Iran. Polyal uminum chloride (PAC) was used recently in Baba-Sheykhali Water
Treatment Plant in Isfahan. Synthetic coagulants have health problems associated with them and are addnl. uneconomical for use
in developing countries. PAC and Moringa oleifera seed extract were compared for their efficiency as coagul ants. Moringa
oleifera , locally called oil gaz in Iran, grows in southern parts of Iran. One variety of this tree, Moringa progeria, is indigenous to
Iran. Laboratory experiments were performed using distilled water containing synthetic kaolin. Four turbidity levels of 10, 50, 500,
and 1000 NTU and 4 p H levels of 5, 6, 7, and 8 were used for the jar test. It was found that oleifera seed extract was capable of
removing 98, 97, 89, and 55% of the turbidity in the 4 experiments at optimum concent ration levels of 10-30 mg/L for all 4 p H levels
of 6 to 8, resp. PAC, in contrast, removed 99, 98, 95, and 89% of the turbidity at optimum concent rations of 20- 30 mg/L at p H 8. The
results indicate that Moringa oleifera seed extract has little effect on p H level and enjoys higher removal efficiency for higher
turbidity levels. Reducing pH decreased PAC turbidity removal efficiency.
Keywords: water turbidity Moringa seed extract polyaluminum chloride

369
Biosorption of trivalent and hexavalent chromium from aqueous systems using shelled Moringa
oleifera seeds
By: Sharma, Parul; Goyal, Pritee; Srivastava, Shalini

Chemical Speciation and Bioavailability (2007), 19(4), 175-181 | Language: English, Database: CAplus
This work examined the sorption property of shelled Moringa oleifera seeds (SMOS) to remove 2 environm entally important Cr
oxidation states (Cr3+ , Cr 6+ ) from an aqueous system at laboratory scale. Sorption studies showed optimum conditions to remove
81.02% Cr3+ and 88.15% Cr 6+ were: biomass dose, 4.0 g; metal concent ration, 25 mg/L Cr 3+ and 50 mg/L Cr 6+ ; and contact time, 40
min at pH 6.5 and 2.5, resp. Adsorption data fit both Freundlich and Langmuir isotherms. Fourier transform I R characterization of
seed powder showed the clear presence of amino acid moieties with pos.- charged amino and neg.-charged carboxylic groups, and
confirmed that biosorption involved amino acid-Cr interactions. SEM studies of native and exhausted (Cr 3+ and Cr 6+ ) treated SMOS
showed large spherical clusters with an 8.66 μm2 pore area for native S MOS, and dense, agglomerated, etched dendrite-type
morphol. with an 0.80 μm2 pore area for Cr 3+ and 0.78 μm 2 Cr 6+ treated S MOS. Spent biosorbent was regenerated and was effect
ively reusable for 4 cycles.
Keywords: trivalent hexavalent chromium biosorption wastewater treatment Moringa oleifera seed
370
Overcoming the drawbacks of natural coagulants for drinking water treatment
By: Ghebremichael, K.
Water Science & Technology: Water Supply (2007), 7(4), 87-93 | Language: English, Database: CAplus
A number of natural coagulants from plants or animal origin can be effectively used for the treatment of drinking water. Some are
used at household levels in traditional systems using crude (non-purified) extract In the crude extract form, natural coagulants
release organic and nutrient loads to the water resulting in poor treated water quality. In such cases it becomes necessary to purify
the coagulant component from the crude extract before using it for water treatment. This paper discusses an effective and simple
purification of the coagulant from Moringa oleifera seed using an ion exchange method that would overcome the drawbacks of
natural coagulants. The effect of the purifi cation process on reducing organic and nutrient release was studied. Adsorption and
elution parameters of the ion exchange process were optimized. The study indicated that the purified protein has effective coagul
ation activity and it did not release organic and nutrient loads to the water. Compared to other purifi cation methods used in
previous studies, this is simple and of comparatively lower cost. This purifi cation method can be readily scaled up and applied even
in remote parts of developing countries. This work suggests that the concerns of natural coagulants can be overcome by simple
purification and this is believed to promote their use in drinking water treatment.
Keywords: natural coagulant drinking water

371
Preservation of coagulation efficiency of Moringa oleifera , a natural coagulant
By: Katayon, S.; Ng, S. C.; Johari, M. M. N. Megat; Abdul Ghani, L. A.

Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering (2006), 11(6), 489-495 | Language: English, Database: CAplus
In recent years, there has been an interest to use Moringa oleifera as the natural coagulant due to cost, associated health and
environmental concerns of synthetic organic polymers and inorganic chems. However, it is known that M. oleifera as the natural
coagulant is highly biodegradable and has a very short shelf life. This research was carried out to invest igate the effects of storage
temperature, packaging methods, and freeze- drying on the preservation of M. oleifera seeds powders. Non freeze-dried M.
oleifera was prepared into different packaging namely open container, closed container and vacuum packing, while, freeze- dried M.
oleifera was stored in closed container and vacuum packing. Each of the packaging was stored at room temper ature (30 to 32°C)
and refrigerator (4°C). The turbidity removal efficiencies of stored M. oleifera were examined using jar test at monthly interval for
12 mo. The results indicated that non freeze-dried M. oleifera kept in the refrigerator (4°C) would preserve its coagulation effici
ency. In addition, closed container and vacuum packing were found to be more approp riate for the preservation of non freeze-
dried M. oleifera , compared to open container. Freeze- dried M. oleifera retained its high coagul ation efficiency regardless the
storage temperature and packaging method for up to 11 mo. Besides, higher increment in zeta potential values for water
coagulated with freeze-dried M. oleifera indicated the higher frequency of charge neutral ization and better coagulation efficiency
of freeze-dried M. oleifera , compared to non freeze- dried seeds . As a coagulant, M. oleifera did not affect the p H of the water after
treatment.
Keywords: preservation coagulation Moringa oleifera turbidity
372
Single-step ion exchange purification of the coagulant protein from Moringa oleifera seed
By: Ghebremichael, K. A.; Gunaratna, K. R.; Dalhammar, G.

Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology (2006), 70(5), 526-532 | Language: English, Database: CAplus and MEDLINE
The coagulant protein from Moringa oleifera (MO) seed was purified using a single-step batch ion exchange (I EX) method.
Adsorption and elution parameters were optimized. Impact of the purification on the reduction of organic and nutrient release to
the water was studied. The matrix was equilibrated using ammonium acetate buffer, and the optimum ionic strength of Na Cl for
elution was 0.6 M. The time for adsorption equilibrium was between 90 and 120 min. Maximum adsorption capacity of the matrix,
estimated with the Langmuir model, was 68 mg protein/g adsorbent. The purified protein does not release organic and nutrient
loads to the water, which are the main concerns of the crude extract This work suggests that a readily scalable single- step IEX purifi
cation method can be used to produce the coagulant protein and it can be carried out with locally available facili ties. This will
promote the use of MO in large water treatment plants and other indust ries.
Keywords: Moringa protein ion exchange water purifi cation coagulation

373
Lead remediation of contaminated water using Moringa stenopetala and Moringa oleifera seed
powder
By: Mataka, L. M.; Henry, E. M. T.; Masamba, W. R. L.; Sajidu, S. M.

The increasing influx of heavy metals into water bodies from industrial, agricultural, and domestic activities is of global concern
because of their well documented neg. effects on human and ecosystem health. A recent study of streams in Blantyre and Zomba,
Malawi revealed lead levels of up 0.118 mg/L, exceeding the World Health Organization acceptable level of 0.01 mg/L. Our ongoing
study on low cost effective heavy metal remediation techniques in developing countries has already demons trated that Moringa
oleifera , the well known source of natural water clarif iers, is effective in heavy metal detoxification of water. This paper presents the
first reported use of a related species, the African moringa, Moringa stenopetala for lead detoxification and preliminary investi
gation of the interaction of the metal with the polyelectrolytes of M. oleifera and stenopetala. The potential of M. stenop etala for
lead removal was tested by means of jar tests. With an initial lead concentration of 7 ppm, M. stenop etala seed powder, at doses of
0.50, 1.00, 1.50, 2.00 and 2.50 g/100mL, reduced the concent ration of lead by 20.00 ± 0.00, 46.19 ± 2.06, 71.19 ± 2.06 and 89.43 ±
0.60 and 96.23 ± 0.12% resp. M. stenopetala was more effective than M. oleifera in removing lead from water (p = 0.001 at 95%
confidence level). For oleifera , lead levels decreased exponentially during the first 5 h. of the reaction and then equili brium was
established; for stenopetala, a linear decrease was observed The p H of the mixture rose from 2.30 to a maximum of 2.53 and 2.57
and then fell to an equilibrium value of 2.30 and 2.29 for oleifera and stenopetala resp. Lead removal was also affected by p H, ionic
strength, and water hardness. Our results show that M. stenopetala has potential in lead remedi ation of contaminated waters.
Further studies are being carried out on remediation of other metals and the mechanism of the metal moringa interaction.
Keywords: water pollution lead removal remediation Moringa stenopetala oleifera seed
374
Arsenic removal from the aqueous system using plant biomass: a bioremedial approach
By: Kumari, Pushpa; Sharma, Parul; Srivastava, Shalini; Srivastava, M. M.

Journal of Industrial Microbiology & Biotechnology (2005), 32(11-12), 521-526 | Language: English, Database: CAplus and MEDLINE
The present piece of work reports the unexploited sorption properties of the powd. seed of the plant Moringa oleifera for the
removal of As(III) and As(V) from aqueous solutions Sorption studies, using standard practices, result in the standard ization of
optimum conditions such as biomass dosages (2.0 g), metal concentrations (25 ppm), contact time (60 min), and volume of the test
solutions (200 mL) at pH 7.5, for As(III) and pH 2.5 for As (V). Maximum sorption for As (III) and As(V) species is 60.21 and 85.6%, resp.
Protein/amino acid-As interactions are found to play an important role in the biosor ption process using plant biomass Moringa
oleifera .
Keywords: arsenic removal biosorption Moringa oleifera seed wastewater

375
Removal of lead, iron and cadmium ions by means of polyelectrolytes of the Moringa oleifera whole
seed kernel
By: Sajidu, S. M.; Henry, E. M. T.; Kwamdera, G.; Mataka, L.

WIT Transactions on Ecology and the Environment (2005), 80, 251-258 | Language: English, Database: CAplus
There is increasing interest in developing low cost water and wastewater treatment processes particularly in poor countries. The
use of natural coagulants such as the Moringa polyelectrolytes to replace expensive imported synthetic coagulants is partic ularly
appropriate for agro-based developing countries such as Malawi because local production of these coagulants will also contribute
to the rural and national economy. There is also widespread recognition that the presence of heavy metals, such as cadmium, lead
and iron, in water is hazardous to the environment and human health and their discharge into surface waters is a concern
worldwide. This study was conducted to investigate the potential of Moringa Oleifera polyelectrolytes for treatment of wastewater
contaminated with heavy metals. The potential of Moringa Oleifera whole seed kernels and ram press cakes, in removing lead,
iron, and cadmium ions from synthetic contaminated water was investigated at initial metal ion concent rations of 5.00 and 7.00
ppm by means of jar tests. Metal ion removal was observed ranging from 70.86 ± 2.22% to 89.40 ± 0.00% for lead, 66.33 ± 3.38% to
92.14 ± 0.00 % for iron and 44.95 ± 3.95% to 47.73 ± 6.38 % for cadmium. Further experiments on optimization of the reaction
conditions such as pH and coagulant dosage, method of extraction of polyelec trolytes and elucidation of the nature of interactions
are being carried out. Earlier work by the same group has shown that Moringa Oleifera ram press cake polyelec trolytes reduce
wastewater turbidity by over 99% and reduce fecal coliform counts by 89% at an optimal dosage of 120 mg/L without affecting pH
or significantly increasing B OD. This paper is the first report of heavy metal ion removal by moringa polyelectrolytes.
Keywords: water pollution Moringa oleifera heavy metal
376
Evaluation of aqueous Moringa seed extract as a seed treatment biofungicide for groundnuts
By: Donli, Patricia O.; Dauda, Hassan

Pest Management Science (2003), 59(9), 1060-1062 | Language: English, Database: CAplus and MEDLINE
In a search for alternatives to currently used fungic ides, the potential of aqueous Moringa seed extract (AMSE) as a seed
treatment was evaluated. Seeds of groundnut, Arachis hypogea L cv Dakar, were soaked in A MSE at concent rations of 1, 5, 10, 15
and 20 g litre-1 for 24 h. Comparison was made with Apron Plus (metalaxyl + carboxin + furath iocarb), until recently a recomm
ended seed -treatment chem., and distilled water, which was the medium for extraction of Moringa seeds . The results showed
that AMSE has potential for use as a biofun gicide on groundnut seeds , since all the concentrations used except 1 g litre -1 brought
about significant reduction in the incidence of fungi on the seeds , such reduction increasing as the dosage of A MSE increased.
There were no significant differences in control between the highest concent ration of AMSE (20 g litre -1) and Apron Plus at the
manufacturer′s recommended level. Water also produced slight reductions in the incidence of fungi, although this was not signif
icant at P = 0.05. The sensitivity to AMSE of the fungi tested varied, Mucor sp being the most sensitive and Asperg illus niger the
least, with Rhizopus stolonifer and Aspergillus flavus intermediate.

377
Effects of Moringa oleifera seed extract on rumen fermentation in vitro
By: Hoffmann, E. M.; Muetzel, S.; Becker, K.

Archives of Animal Nutrition (2003), 57(1), 65-81 | Language: English, Database: CAplus and MEDLINE
Moringa oleifera is a pantropical tree of the family Moring aceae. A previously undesc ribed property of an aqueous extract from the
seeds of this plant is the modulation of ruminal fermen tation patterns especially protein degrad ation, as demonstrated in a short-
term batch incubation system. Gas short chain fatty acids (S CFA) and cellulolytic enzyme activities were determined as general
fermentation parameters. A dot blot assay able to directly detect true protein in rumen fluid samples was used to quantify protein
degradation For complex substrates the interpretation of protein degradation profiles was amended by polyacr ylamide gel electrop
horesis (PAGE) of the samples. When incubated with pure carbohy drates at a concent ration of 1 mg m L-1, the extract reduced
microbial degradation of the model protein, bovine serum albumin (B SA), such that its concentration was at least 40% above the
control after 12 h of incubation. Total protein degradation was thus delayed by approx. 9 h. When fermented along with wheat
straw, leaf protein (Rubisco) was almost entirely protected during 12 h of fermentation The degradation of soy proteins was
retarded by at least 4-6 h, depending on the protein band. There were strong side effects on the fermen tation of pure cellulose (S CF
A yield - 60% after 12 h) , whereas cellobiose and starch fermentation were less affected (- 18 and -8%, resp.). When the complex
substrates were fermented, SCFA yield was reduced by approx. 30% after 12 h. In our work we clearly demonstrate the efficacy of
the new substance, which is neither a tannin nor a saponin, in an in vitro system, using pure as well as complex substrates. The
properties shown in vitro for the crude extract suggest that it could have a pos. effect on the protein metabolism of ruminants
under intensive management and that neg. side effects can be overcome by an optimized dosage. If the chem. nature of the active
substance and its mechanism of action can be clarified, it may provide an alternative to replace critical synthetic feed additives
(such as antibiotics) for high yielding dairy cows.
Keywords: Moringa seed protein degradation rumen fermentation in vitro
378
Drumstick leaves as source of vitamin A in ICDS-SFP.
By: Nambiar, Vanisha S; Bhadalkar, Kalyani; Daxini, Meghana

Indian journal of pediatrics (2003), 70(5), 383-7 | Language: English, Database: MEDLINE
OBJECTIVE: This pilot study is about to assess the feasib ility and acceptability of introducing dehydrated drumstick leaves, (DDL)
( Moringa oleifera ), as a source of vitamin A, into the salty recipes provided by the supplem entary food (SF) component of the
Integrated Child Development Scheme (ICDS) along with nutrition communi cation (NC). METHODS: An integrated approach was
adapted in this study which included comprehensive training sessions for the staff of the I CDS and Non-government organization
(NGO) involved in the S F preparations. Prior to the acceptability trials, data were elicited on the socioeconomic profile and
knowledge about vitamin A, from 60 children of 1-5 year of age attending two anganwadi centres of the I CDS. RESULT: From these,
40 children attending one anganwadi were supplemented with pre- tested DDL incorporated recipes (5-7 g DDI/100 g product) along
with NC for one month. Spot observ ations and organoleptic evaluation results indicated high compliance of the D DL-recipes by the
children. The results also indicated that the recipes were highly acceptable to the ICDS authorities as well as the N GO staff. C ONCLU
SION: The pilot study indicated that integr ation of NC along with the introd uction of unconventional DDL, into the I CDS-SF, was
feasible and can be endeavoured for a longer duration in the existing national progra mmes.

379
Field trials of appropriate hydraulic flocculation processes
By: Mcconnachie, G. L.; Folkard, G. K.; Mtawali, M. A.; Sutherland, J. P.

Water Research (1999), 33(6), 1425-1434 | Language: English, Database: CAplus
Hydraulic flocculation has been used for water treatment throughout the world for many years and is partic ularly well suited for
developing countries. Two types of flocculator are described, a horizontal-flow channel system, for which aspects such as retention
time, channel slope, rapid mixing methods and baffle insertion were assessed and a contact flocculation-filter (CFF). Pilot plant tests
were carried out over 2 yr at Thyolo Water Treatment Works in Malawi using river water with crushed seed kernels from the
indigenous tree Moringa oleifera Lam. (M. oleifera ) or Al sulfate as coagulant. Both floccu lation systems were able to reduce
turbidity to below the WHO's guideline value of 5 N TU for drinking water from raw water with average turbid ities 15-5600 NTU. The
CFF method was particularly effective at low turbid ities where <1 N TU was attained at low dosages (<25 mg/L) of M. oleifera . Flash
mixing of coagulant using a simple equivalent of an in-line vortex mixer was shown to give more efficient treatment than mixing by
alternative methods. M. oleifera as coagulant is feasible for treating river water for commun ities of small towns.
Keywords: hydraulic flocculation water; crushed seed kernel Moringa oleifera
380
Hypotensive constituents from the pods of Moringa oleifera
By: Faizi, Shaheen; Siddiqui, Bina Shaheen; Saleem, Rubeena; Aftab, Khalid; Shaheen, Farhana; Gilani, Anawr ul Hassan
Planta Medica (1998), 64(3), 225-228 | Language: English, Database: CAplus and MEDLINE
The hypotensive activity of the ethanolic and aqueous extracts of Moringa oleifera whole pods and their parts, namely, coat, pulp,
and seed was investigated. The activity of the ethanolic extract of both the pods and the seeds was equivalent at the dose of 30
mg/kg. The Et acetate phase of the ethanolic extract of pods was found to be the most potent fraction at the same dose. Its
bioassay-directed fractionation led to the isolation of thiocar bamate and isothiocyanate glycosides which were also the hypotensive
principles of the pods as observed in case of Moringa leaves. Two new compounds, O-[2'-hydroxy-3'-(2"-heptenyloxy)]-Pr undeca
noate and O-ethyl-4-[(α-L-rhamnosyloxy)-benzyl] carbamate along with the known substances Me p- hydroxybenzoate and β-
sitosterol have also been isolated in the present studies. The latter two compounds and p- hydroxybenzaldehyde showed promising
hypotensive activity. Structures of all these compounds have been deduced by spectr oscopy and chem. reactions.
Keywords: hypotensive agent Moringa

381
Pharmacological studies of thiocarbamate glycosides isolated from Moringa oleifera
By: Jansakul, C.; Wun-Noi, A.; Croft, K.; Byrne, L.

Journal of the Science Society of Thailand (1997), 23(4), 335-346 | Language: English, Database: CAplus
Bioassay directed fractionation of the methanolic extract of dried pods and seeds of M. oleifera resulted in the isolation of a
mixture of thiocarbamate glycosides of niazim icine and niazimin. In the in vivo prepar ation, i.v. injection of the compounds (2- 16
mg/kg) caused a decrease in mean arterial blood pressure and heart rate of anesthetized rats in dose dependent manner. Pretre
atment of the animals with atropine (1.5 mg/kg) did not modify the hypote nsive activity or neg. chronotropic activity of the
compounds Pre-treatment of the animals with β- adrenergic receptor antagonist, propranolol (0.6 mg/kg) , caused significant
reduction in lowering heart rate activity with no changes in hypotensive activity of the compounds In the in vitro prepar ation, the
thiocarbamate glycosides (0.02-0.6 mg/mL) caused vasodilatation of thoracic aortic rings preconstricted with phenylephrine both
of endothelium-intact and denuded aortic rings. Pre- incubation of the endothelium-intact aortic rings with N G-nitro-L-arginine (300
mM), a nitric oxide synthase inhibitor, or with propra nolol (10 μ M), did not abolish the vasodilator activities of the compounds The
thiocarbamate glycosides also caused vasodil atation of the thoracic aortic rings preconstricted with 40 mM KCl. The thiocarbamate
glycosides caused a decrease in the rate with no changes on force of contraction of isolated rat atria. Pre-incubation of the atria
with the thiocarbamate glycosides (0.6 mg/m L) for 40 min, did not modify the pos. chrono tropic activity of isoproterenol. It,
however, caused significant decreased in force of contraction produced by isoproterenol. Thus, the hypotensive and neg. chrono
tropic activity of the thiocarbamate glycosides are unlikely to be due to the stimul ation by the compounds of the muscarinic
receptors of the parasympathetic or to their action as a β- adrenergic receptor antagonist, but it may act as a Ca ++ -channel blocker.
However, further studies are needed to clarify this possibility.
Keywords: thiocarbamate glycoside Moringa pharmacol; antihypertensive thiocarbamate glycoside Moringa ; heart thiocar bamate
glycoside Moringa

382
Characterization and applications of activated carbon produced from Moringa oleifera seed husks by
single-step steam pyrolysis
By: Warhurst, A. Michael; McConnachie, Gordon L.; Pollard, Simon J. T.

Water Research (1997), 31(4), 759-766 | Language: English, Database: CAplus
Seed husks of the multi-purpose tree, Moringa oleifera , are potentially a waste product that may be available in large quanti ties.
Previous work demonstrated that a microp orous activated C can be produced from them by carboni zation under N followed by
activation in steam. The efficacy of a simpler, cheaper activation process, single-step steam pyrolysis activation, was examined to
promote production of low-cost activated C in the developing world. Husks were heated in a steam atm. to 750° for 30 or 120 min,
or 800° for 30 min, then the resulting C was tested to determine iodine numbers and adsorption isotherms for phenol, 4-nitrop
henol, and methylene blue. Phenol and 4- nitrophenol were adsorbed rapidly by all 3 carbons, with 80- 90% weight/weight adsorbed
in the first 30 min, whereas methylene blue adsorption was slower. Pyrolysis at 800° for 30 min produced a C (yield 12.2% weight/
weight) with an iodine number of 703 mg/g, a phenol sp. surface area (S SA) of 629 m 2/g, a 4-nitrophenol SSA of 664 m 2/g, and a
methylene blue SSA of 211 m 2/g. The C produced at 750° for 120 min (yield 11.9% weight/ weight) had similar proper ties, but the
one produced at 750° for 30 min (yield 16.6% weight/weight) had a less developed porosity. Absorbance characte ristics of the 2
best C were superior to those produced previously by conventional 2-stage carbonization-activation, and were competitive with
com. C. These results demonstrated that steam pyrolysis activation of M. oleifera husks could provide a low- cost, local source of
high quality activated C in the developing world.
Keywords: activated carbon production Moringa oleifera husk; seed husk Moringa oleifera activated carbon; organic compound
adsorption Moringa oleifera carbon; water purification adsorption Moringa oleifera carbon; wastewater treatment adsorption
Moringa oleifera carbon
383
Natural coagulants at pilot scale
By: Folkard, G K.; Sutherland, J P.; Grant, W D.

Environmental News (Karachi) (1993), 1(3 & 4), 16-18 | Language: English, Database: CAplus
Crushed seed of the tree Moringa oleifera Lam. (M. oleifera ) are a viable alternative to Al2(SO4)3 as a coagulant for water
treatment. A pilot scale treatment works operating at a flow rate of 16.5 L/min reduced raw water turbidity from 1000 N TU to <1 NT
U (header/mixer tank, gravel bed floccu lator, sedimentation tank, and rapid gravity filter) . The filter was operated as a contact floccu
lator-filter during periods of low raw water turbidity. 20 N TU inlet value was reduced to <1 N TU in the unit. Successful M. oleifera
plantation trials are briefly reported as is an economic anal. of establishing M. oleifera as a 'coagulant crop' in the Malawi context.
Keywords: Moringa oleifera seed water coagulant

384
Nutritional value of Moringa
By: Verma, S. C.; Banerji, R.; Misra, G.; Nigam, S. K.

Current Science (1976), 45(21), 769-70 | Language: English, Database: CAplus
Seeds of M. oleifera and M. concanensis contained 27 and 33% oil, resp., which was rich in oleic acid. Several phys. constants are
given; the acid value was 0.25-0.26 and I value ∼67. Detoxified seed meals contained 50 and 72.6% crude protein, resp. The vitamin
C [50-81-7] content of fresh leaves of several clones of both species ranged 55.0- 133 mg/100 g. Tender pods contained 75.7-131
mg/100 g and mature pods 93-144. Moringa species are thus potential sources of vitamin C, protein, and fats.
Keywords: Moringa seed oil; protein Moringa seed ; vitamin C Moringa
385
On the Chinese n'wax
By: BORCK, J. B. v.
Chemisches Zentralblatt (1850), 21(35), 555-559 | Language: German, Database: CHEMZENT
Machine Translated: The process was given by the Swedish agent LILJEWALCH a sample of Chinese n'wax or tallow together with the
fruit, from which it is recovered. We have already various according to direct this product obtained and in the past year turns of the
Central sheet mitge-theilt. Be lead is here but also the following place from L ILJEWALCH '8 work over China trade. ‘ Vegetabi lischer
tallow because we must allow a very slight fat called which in light are made. Before the animal tallow has said, the preferred, that
the made light-neither tliessen still odorous. The tallow is of a room, Kau- Shu. the over almost the entire low landing China is
growing and the fruits, Kintze (after the outer shell has been removed, one white bean not dissimilar), during pressing two Producte
provide a liquid such as oil, and a hard as tallow. The oil has LILJEWALCH never commercially found the tallow, however, is in an
important Handelswaare, and of different quality. In the folded form of Canton producirte is wrnder as hard nocli so white as from
the Provinz Cliecjang coming. Ningpo is the right place of Ankaufes. The price of 8 to 9 dollar per Picul (133 Va pounds). "The
Chinese tallow tree is already in the years 1750—52 of OSBECK observed, it after 6 foot high are and in the vicinity of said waters
are growing and from the Chinese O-ka-o called; It is however not unlikely, that O SBECK another tallow tree, namely that of the
southern China know lernte while the northern China of LILJEWALCH is 18 foot high tree. The wax, the process of L ILJEWALCH was
given, made a quadrangular mass of white colour, without odour or taste; they fühlte which are very rich, but almost dry to and was
unusually easily. Wherein -j-12 ° was it the spec. Weight= 0.818. They schmolz already at+ 37 °, fing at+ 30 ° to solidify on, however,
only at+ 22 ° again completely hard. In ether was the tallow readily soluble in cold alcohol only slightly; but resolved it is approxi
mately 75 theory boiling alcohol (of [) , from which it on cooling as a granular mass absetzte. In the nut- 556 liquor remained a
llüssiges fat but the granular tallow batte the same melting point as before. By saponification was therefrom a fatty acid deposited
from alcohol krystallisirt the constanlen melting point 61—62 ° had. The investi gation of the fruits revealed that it probably of
Stillingia sebifera I., crotonic Sebiferum fin were derived. They are at 3 and 3 to the in three Theile split Central-coluinne together.
Each fruit is 3—5 line length, width of an egg, on the outer side strongly convex on the inner, where the fruits at mutually occupant.
winkelig flattened. FS is actually a stone fruit, whose core with one leg hard, brown black shell surround, said shell having one thin
(about 'д line) schneeweisscn layer covered consisting of cellulose containing deposited Talge. Liner approx imate determination to
sequence are the fruit of: 38 core, 37 shell and 25 tallow layer. From the crushed seeds were 65 p. e. a mild, rich, Roth yellow oil by
boiling alcohol to be extended. From the scraped Talgschiehl could by refluxing with waters no tallow are deposited. Boiling alcohol
moreover about 80 p. c. a fat from, which, during the cooling in the same type absetzte as the Chinese tallow itself; the melting
point was 40 °, exit by Umkrystallisiren to 48 °. By saponif ication was therefrom a fatty acid deposited which the acid from the Talge
completely similarly and are of the same composition support. The low melting point of the Talges can be easily in the prepar ation
of type explained, it is not possible, a mixing of the liquid Oelcs of nuclei to prevent. The process introduced for investigation certain
Chinese n'wax by treating with alcohol. For immediate determination of the constituent fatty acid has been using potash saponi fied,
the soap with dilute hydrochloric acid is decomposed and the deposited acid with waters washed. I make a hard krystall inisehe
mass at 55 ° schmolz. By Umkrystallisiren from heis-sem alcohol was given B ORCK a. Acid between 61 and 62 ° their melting point
had. Since this melting point by repeated Umkrystallisiren has not changed, remained it specif ically for the acid from said Talge at
37 ° schmolz from which Talge, fruit, shells, At 48 ° schmolz and at last from the ether represented stearin of 60 ° melting point it is
such as to assume that the acid from any mixtures of multiple fatty acids inventory, but simply and purely was. From the alcohol,
thereby obtaining the fatty acid deposited had was still a liquid oleic acid obtained. The alkaline resolution after the saponifying the
Talges contained from glycerol, the presence in the Talge also by the smell of Akrolein upon heating dargelegl. The only said acid
according to the process a new acid having the same Stillistearinsäure or China tallow acid is called. The Slillistea rinsäure, C3n H30
U4, to be very easily in lieissem alcohol and krystallirirt upon cooling in transfer perl- mutlerglänzenden sheets so as greater are
more contains water of alcohol was. Cold-alcohol, it is more difficult, but slightly in ether. Your melting point lies between 61 and 62
°, and the solidification point is the same. By heating to 250—300 ° is the acid has not changed; it solidifies again krystallinisch and
has the same melting point as before. Wherein one yet higher temperature destillirt the acid unchanged over. At 100 ° to lose this
acid nothing in weight. The thus dried acid was in the analysis: TOC\ o "1-5"\ h\ z C74, 2974,4574,1774,5374,1930= 2253.674.41 H12,
7012,6812.4812,3812,4630= 374.412.37 О13,0112,8713,3513,0913,354= 400.013.22 3028.0100.00. In the fusion of the acid with dry
lead oxide verlor the acid 3.74% water. It is this one atoms waters as follows: Calculated. Found. WasserfreierSäureC30H2903=
2915.5296.2996.26 WasserΗО= 112.483.713.74; 3028.00100.00100.00. In the composition is the acid with the Bensäure of Walter
agreements which the same from the fruits of the Moringa aptera was given. It is what is required by their proper ties, the Bensäure
is in fact in cold alcohol readily soluble, krystaliisirt in warts and melts at 52 to 53 °. The fatty acid of the Chinese Talges is in a
plurality of relations of margaric similar; they krystaliisirt quite like this, can be unchanged destil liren and giebt a Marga- rinäther
very similar ethyl compound out by means of the analysis found different unit of the composition differ these acids by its melting
point. The Lipyloxydverbindung of new acid in as pure as possible state has, moreover, the melting point at 60 °, the lead salt of
new acid melts at 112 ° while margarinsaures lead oxide only at 172 ° melts. The compos ition of the new acid, such as the process
Found, is also that of the palm stearin acid quite close, and the silver salt provided results of the formula C32H3103, anhydrous
palm stearin acid, better correspond to the formula C30H2903. However, other compounds of the formula good entspr achen and
the said salt not readily completely purely to obtain was so the process the aforesaid formula. That in both acids not identical,
ergiebt, amongst other things therefrom, that the acid of the Chinese Talges at 260 ° in the air not changed, while the palm stearin
acid under such circumstances in PnlmitonsiVnre is would be converted. 558 Stillistearin. If at 37 ® melting tallow by Umkrysla
llisiren from wine so purified so is sieh as a white granular mass, and it remains a llüssiges Kelt. in the resolu tion. By repeatedly
Umkryslallisiren capable of melting point not markedly increased. The tallow from the fruit rinds having less oil contains can by
Umkrystal-lisiren to melting point 48 ° are brought, but no further. By Umkrysta llisiren from ether is obtained from the Talge a
stearin, opening at 60 ° melts; said stearin is also not entirely free from Elain, because the deposited acid reaches the melting point
61—62 ° only by Umkrystallisiren. The amount of eingeinengleri Flui ns is extremely low. The analysis showed that the compos ition
one compound of 1 Aeq. Lipyloxyd C3 H20 having 1 Acq. anhydrous acid C30 Ha9 03 corresponds to as follows: TOC\ o "1-5"\ h\ z
C75,6875,38 '3375.88 H12,1312,133111,85 012.1912.49412.27 Stillistearinsaurcs soda. Is digeriite the acid with dilute caustic soda
solution, and was given a water clear smaller ter-like liquid which upon cooling to one mass long hair fine silk gloss Krystaü nadeln
gestand. This salt is dissolved in 10 theory boiling alcohol; the resolution does when cooling down to one coagulum, wherein
according to unite hours character of Krystallen form; from one resolution more alcohol contains Are shot acicular Krystalle at once
ab. ln little waters dissolves said salt clear; by adding more waters resolution is opaque, whereby acid salt. Stillistearinsaures lead
oxide obtained by using finely ground lead oxide with the acid are melted together and the Ueber-schuss of acid by ether removed.
The salt forms a wax-like, to pulverisirende white .Masse at 112 ° melts and in alcohol and ether almost insoluble. The analysis, as
did the salt: Slillislearinsäure 67.82 Bleioxyd32,18. Stillistearinsaures silver oxide. Offset the alcoholic resolution of the natron salt
with one alcoholic resolution of nitric acid silver oxide, thus giving a white, 'cheese-like precipitate by washing with hot alcohol is
purified. Said precipitation is wet in the Nonnen light soon blackened, in the dry state more slowly. It is a fine, very loose powder
dissolves in ammonia liquid when heated and consists on cooling in scale. The salt is extremely difficult to clean, and therefore also
the not entirely of formula of pure acid; they 31.64; 31.49; 31,97 p. c. silver oxide. In three other analysis was given is; 559 30, 51.64
29,8.30 3,6.86 1.33,20. are obtained by Einlei-H8,588,72— Agü ——32,39 Stillistearinsaures ethyl oxide th of hydroc hloric acid gas in
an alcoholic solution of the acid. This Aelher is the Margarinäther very similar, melts at 22 ° and flows as an oil, if but when cooling
krystallinisch. ln elevated temperature, it has remained unchanged überdest illiren. The process is of the opinion, that the examined
Talg-arl is not the same, which Thompson and Wood (S. Centralbl. 1849 side 456) untersu chten. fJourn. for practical Chem. Tape 49.
Side 395—403.^
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