Appendix

Designed by kersey
Frequency Response Analysis Tools for Push-pull Converter
Origianl Rev. 12/22/05
Revision 12/26/05

This Mathcad design tool was developed to design the

compensator with the Push-pull converter.
________________________________________________________________________________________

Define the BodePlot function:

BodePlot ( F , MinFreq , MaxFreq) := "ndk is number of points in each decade"
ndk ← 100
"n is total number of points"

n ← ndk ⋅ ceil⎛⎜ log⎛⎜

MaxFreq ⎞ ⎞
⎟⎟
⎝
⎝ MinFreq ⎠ ⎠
r ← ln⎛⎜
MaxFreq ⎞
⎟
⎝ MinFreq ⎠
for i ∈ 0 .. n
r
i⋅
n
ω ← MinFreq ⋅ e
ω
Z ←
i, 0 2π
V ← F( j ⋅ ω )
Z ← 20⋅ log ( V )
i, 1
180
Z ← arg( V) ⋅
i, 2 π
"Make -180 rollover"
for i ∈ 1 .. n
Z
i, 2
←Z
i, 2
− 360 if ( Zi, 2 − Zi−1 , 2 ) > 300
Z

Input Voltage : 22V~32V

Output Voltage : 24V
Max Output Currunt : 5A
Converter Topology : Push-pull converter
Control Mode : Peak current mode

Ro :=
24
Ro = 5 Io := Io = 4.8 Change the load
5 Ro

Vg := Vg = 28
Change the input
28

n := 3 k := 0.01 Ri := 10 Rc := 0.1
−6
μ := 10 Ts := 5μ Co := 100μ Lo := 60μ

24 + 1
D := D = 0.298
Vg⋅ n
Establish small signal model:

Small signal model of the converter

^
io F6
^
F1 + + ^
Vg Vo
+
F5 F3 F2
+
+ + F4
^

^
d
iL Fm
Fi - + ^
Vc
Transfer function model of the converter

Sn : the on-time slope of sensed-current

Se : the slope of external current
Fm(s) : the gain fuction of currrent-mode control modulator
He(s) : tranfer function used to model the sampling action of current mode control
2
n ⋅ k ⋅ ( 1 − D) ⋅ Vg⋅ Ri
Sn :=
Lo Vc

Se
Se := 0.75Sn Mc := 1 + Vp− p Sn+Se
Sn
2
s⋅ Ts ⎛ Ts ⎞ ⋅ s2
He( s) := 1 − + ⎜ ⎟ Sn
2 ⎝π⎠ Sensed Current Ramp

Fi( s) := n ⋅ k ⋅ Ri⋅ He( s)

Se External Ramp

1
Fm := Ts
Mc⋅ Sn⋅ Ts ^
d 1 1 1
= Fm = =
( sn + Se )Ts M c snTs
^
Vp− p
Δ ( s) := s ⋅ Lo ⋅ Co + s⋅ ⎛⎜ + Co⋅ Rc⎞⎟ + 1
2 Lo Vc
⎝ Ro ⎠
 1 + s⋅ Co⋅ Rc 1 + s⋅ Co⋅ Rc
F1( s) := n ⋅ D⋅ F2( s) := n ⋅ Vg⋅
Δ ( s) Δ ( s)

D 1 + s⋅ Co⋅ Ro Vg 1 + s⋅ Co⋅ Ro −( 1 + s⋅ Co⋅ Ro)

F3( s) := n ⋅ ⋅ F4( s) := n ⋅ ⋅ F5( s) :=
Ro Δ ( s) Ro Δ ( s) Δ ( s)

Current loop gain: Ti ( s) := F4( s) ⋅ Fm⋅ Fi( s)

F2( s) ⋅ Fm
Control to output gain: Gco( s) :=
1 + Ti ( s)

Control-to-output Bode Plot:

(
zB := BodePlot Gco , 1 , 1 ⋅ 10 )
7 (
i := 0 .. last zB
〈0〉
)
Gain vs Frequency

40

20
Gain(dB)

〈1〉
zB
0

20

1 .10 1 .10 1 .10 1 .10

3 4 5 6
1 10 100
〈0〉
zB
Frequency(Hz)
Phase vs Frequency

50
( 〈2〉
)
Phase(deg)

zB i

100
− 180

150

200
1 .10 1 .10 1 .10 1 .10
3 4 5 6
1 10 100
(zB
〈0〉
)i
Frequency(Hz)
 Control system block diagram of the SMPC EA compensator

− 12 3
p := 10 R2 := 51⋅ 10 C1 := 10000 ⋅ p C2 := 220p

R1 :=
3
R1 = 5 × 10
5000

5.1 3
Caculate bias resistor : Rb := ⋅ R1 Rb = 1.349 × 10
24 − 5.1

1 1
Eliminate output filter pole : = 318.31 = 312.069
2π ⋅ Ro⋅ Co 2πR2⋅ C1

1 4 C1 + C2 4
Eliminate ESR zero : = 1.592 × 10 = 1.45 × 10
2πRc⋅ Co 2πR2 C1⋅ C2

⎛R2+ 1 ⎞ ⋅ 1
⎜ ⎟
⎝ s⋅ C1 ⎠ s ⋅ C2
⎛R2+ 1 ⎞ + 1
⎜ ⎟
EA compensator transfer function : Gcc( s) :=
⎝ s ⋅ C1 ⎠ s ⋅ C2
R1

5.1
Feedback transfer function : Hv :=
24

Open-loop transfer function : Lv ( s) := Gcc( s) ⋅ Gco( s) ⋅ Hv

Gcc( s) ⋅ Gco( s)
Close-loop transfer function : Gl( s) :=
1 + Lv ( s)
 Open-Loop Bode Plot:

(
zB2 := BodePlot Gcc , 1 , 1 ⋅ 10
7 ) (
i := 0 .. last zB
〈0〉
)
(
zB3 := BodePlot Lv , 1 , 1 ⋅ 10
7 ) (
i := 0 .. last zB
〈0〉
)
zB: Control to Output
zB2: EA Compensation
zB3: Overrall Gain - Full Load

Gain vs Frequency

100

50
〈1〉
zB
Gain(dB)

〈1〉
zB2
0
〈1〉
zB3

50

100
1 .10 1 .10 1 .10 1 .10
3 4 5 6
1 10 100
〈0〉
zB
Frequency(Hz)
Phase vs Frequency

( zB〈2〉 ) i
50
( 〈2〉
)
Phase(deg)

zB2 i

( zB3〈2〉 ) i 100
− 180
150

200
1 .10 1 .10 1 .10 1 .10
3 4 5 6
1 10 100
( 〈0〉
zB i )
Frequency(Hz)