MODULE 3

Aesthetics: Study of Art and Beauty

Lesson 3.1. The Field of Aesthetics

Lesson 3.2. Aesthetic Terms and Value

Lesson 3.3. Hierarchy of Beauty

Lesson 3.4. Western View of Beauty

Lesson 3.5. The Eastern Art and Filipino Aesthetics Worldview

1 2

Lesson 3.1. The Field of Aesthetics Chapter Overview

1. Relate Arts and Aesthetics to the Field of Philosophy.
REFERENCES
Readings
Lumen Learning. Module 1: What is Art? Simple Book Production.
https://courses.lumenlearning.com/atd-sac-artappreciation/chapter/oer-1-11/
Silverman, R. (2008). Learning About Art: A Multicultural Approach. California State University.
https://courses.lumenlearning.com/masteryart1/chapter/oer-1-11/
Art and the Aesthetic Experience
Beauty is something we perceive and respond to. It may be a response of awe and
amazement, wonder and joy, or something else. It might resemble a “peak experience” or an
epiphany. It might happen while watching a sunset or taking in the view from a
mountaintop—the list goes on. Here we are referring to a kind of experience, an aesthetic
response that is a response to the thing’s representational qualities, whether it is man-made
or natural. The subfield of philosophy called aesthetics is devoted to the study and theory of
this experience of the beautiful; in the field of psychology, aesthetics is studied in relation to
the physiology and psychology of perception.

3 4
 1 3

Aesthetic analysis is a careful investigation of the qualities which belong to objects and
events that evoke an aesthetic response. The aesthetic response is the thoughts and feelings
initiated because of the character of these qualities and the particular ways they are
organized and experienced perceptually.
2
The aesthetic experience that we get from the world at large is different than the art-
based aesthetic experience. It is important to recognize that we are not saying that the
natural wonder experience is bad or lesser than the art world experience; we are saying it is
different. What is different is the constructed nature of the art experience. The art 4
experience is a type of aesthetic experience that also includes aspects, content, and context
of our humanness. When something is made by a human– we know that there is some level
of commonality and/or communal experience.
What makes a piece of art beautiful?

How important are personal tastes

when judging the quality of art?

5 5 6 6

Etymology
KEY
CONCEPTS “AESTHETICS”
Why aesthetics is only the beginning in analysing an artwork
We are also aware that beyond sensory and formal properties, all artwork is informed by its
specific time and place or the specific historical and cultural milieu it was created. For this
reason we analyse artwork through not only aesthetics, but also, historical and cultural contexts.

How we engage in aesthetic analysis GREEK

Often the feelings or thoughts evoked as a result of contemplating an artwork are initially
based primarily upon what is actually seen in the work. The first aspects of the artwork we aesthesis
respond to are its sensory properties, its formal properties, and its technical properties. Color is
an example of a sensory property. Color is considered a kind of form and how form is arranged
is a formal property. What medium (e.g., painting, animation, etc.) the artwork is made of is an ENGLISH
example of a technical property. What do we actually see? How is what is seen organized? And, Magritte, The
what emotions and ideas are evoked as a result of what has been observed?
“sensory perception” False Mirror
7 8
 ALEXANDER
AESTHETICS
BAUMGARTEN
(1714-1762)
Theory about the ultimate
Philosophy
Aesthetics reality of things

Nature of Beauty: Why are

of beauty
beautiful things beautiful?
The word “aesthetics” was first employed by Baumgarten to mean “the
science of sensory perception.” Particularly, he used it to denote a realm
of concrete knowledge, as distinct from the abstract where content is and art Essence of Art: What makes
communicated in sensory forms.
something a work of art?
9 10

TWO WAYS OF
CONSIDERING BEAUTY
AESTHETIC
DEFINITION RELATIVE ABSOLUTE
“Beauty is in the “Beauty is in
eye of the beholder.” the thing itself.”
is the creation by the artists in their creativity

and appreciation by the art spectator with artistic taste

of BEAUTIFUL anything with a value that delights

human-made art distinguished from nature

objects. SUBJECT OBJECT
11 12
 Botticelli, Birth of Venus, 1482

DIVISION OF AESTHETICS

THEORY OF BEAUTY
Zyphers
Nature of beautiful things

THEORY OF ART Venus

Nymph
Essence of art

THEORY OF ART CRITICISM

Evaluation of the merit or
demerit of works of art THEORY OF ART: Is this art? Why?
13 14
THEORY OF ART CRITICISM: Is this art great? Why?

Model:
Analysis
Simonetta 3
Vespucci
1 2

THEORY 4
OF 5
BEAUTY:
Which among the
Is she
pictures do you consider
beautiful? an artwork that gives
Why? greater influence to
Philippine art? Explain

15 16
 Lesson 3.2. Aesthetic Terms and Value 1 2

1. Describe Aesthetics as a Branch of Philosophy concerned with Art.

2. Enumerate the Various Terms used in Aesthetics.
Ultimate Sensation
REFERENCES
Chart (example)
Resources:
Lumen Learning. Module 1: What is Art? Simple Book Production. https://courses.lumenlearning.com/atd-sac-artappreciation/chapter/oer-1-11/ 10

Videos: 5
Pink Floyd, Brain Damage: The Dark Side of the Moon, Psychedelic Rock Music Video, 1972https://youtu.be/RC83q93PaqA
3
Traveller Erol. (May 1, 2020) Colorfully Designed Jeepneys | Interview with Jeepney Drivers. https://youtu.be/oB-9ex-kK6M 0 4
ABS-CBN News. (July 29, 2018). TV Patrol: 'Jeepney artists,' nais makahimok ng iba pang magtutuloy ng sining. https://youtu.be/3Y7d5MErJhQ
Sight Touch Smell Sound Taste
Picture 1 Picture 2
Piliin Mo Ang Pilipinas - Angeline Quinto and Vince Bueno. (Feb. 7, 2018). https://youtu.be/Xxn9cNY3Wc4
Picture 3 Picture 4
Mission Impossible: Ghost Protocol BEHIND THE SCENES - Burj Khalifa Climb (2011) HD. https://youtu.be/16BFrEBZQS4

DD News. (Jun. 29, 2016). New way of life in Japan: Minimum possessions & maximum happiness. https://youtu.be/UY8C6ogEayI

Ian Berwick. (Jan. 1, 2016). National Anthem: Japan - 君が代 *NEW VERSION* https://youtu.be/S2Vanclvh3Q
Design for all 5 Senses
https://www.ted.co
MrExctbhj. (Aug. 22, 2017). (Rare) UNOFFICIAL anthem of Philippines (1943-1945, Under Japanese rule), https://youtu.be/hTJP84w-k78 m/talks/jinsop_lee
_design_for_all_5
_senses#t-270024
New Michael Jackson. (August 2, 2019). Michael Jackson - Beat It (30th Anniversary Celebration) (Remastered Widescreen). https://youtu.be/SipbbUxO8FQ

Felman Murillo. (Nov. 15, 2019). CONSTANT CHANGE BY JOSE MARI CHAN. https://youtu.be/L8Cus2CZURM

TheCatLadyJ. (Sep/ 2, 2015)/ What A Wonderful World - Louis Armstrong - with Lyrics. https://youtu.be/p-T6aaRV9HY
By using the scale (rate from 1-10) , which among the pictures gives you the most satisfying sensation?
BLOUIN ARTINFO. (Oct. 23, 2013). Rene Magritte at MoMA. https://youtu.be/bpD0F9hpd68 17 18

KEY
CONCEPTS

Does It Have to Be Visually Pleasing or Not?

The word art is often used to apply judgments of value, as in expressions like “that meal
was a work of art” (implying that the cook is an artist) or “the art of deception” (the advanced,
Making judgments of value requires a basis for criticism. At the simplest level, deciding
praiseworthy skill of deceiving). It is this use of the word as a measure of high value that gives
whether an object or experience is considered art is a matter of finding it to be either attractive
the term its flavor of subjectivity.
or repulsive. Though perception is always coloured by experience, and is necessarily
subjective, it is commonly understood that what is not somehow visually pleasing cannot be
Those features of a work that contribute to its success and importance as a work of art: the
art. However, “good” art is not always or even regularly visually pleasing to a majority of
features upon which its significance or beauty supervene. They include the form,
viewers. In other words, an artist’s prime motivation need not be the pursuit of a pleasing
content, integrity, harmony, purity, or fittingness of works.
arrangement of form. Also, art often depicts terrible images made for social, moral, or thought-
provoking reasons.

19 20

Francisco de Goya, El Tres de Mayo, 1808 (The Third of
May, 1808). Image is in the public domain.
For example, the painting pictured above,
by Francisco Goya, depicts the Spanish
shootings on the third of May, 1808. It is a
graphic depiction of a firing squad executing
several pleading civilians. Yet at the same time,
the horrific imagery demonstrates Goya’s keen
artistic ability in composition and execution,
and it produces fitting social and political
outrage. Thus, the debate continues as to what
mode of aesthetic satisfaction, if any, is required
to define “art.” The revision of what is
popularly conceived of as being visually
pleasing allows for a re-invigoration of and a
new appreciation for the standards of art itself.
21
Art is often intended to appeal to and connect with human emotion. It can arouse
aesthetic or moral feelings, and can be understood as a way of communicating these
feelings. Art may be considered an exploration of the human condition or what it is to be
human.
Factors Involved in the Judgment of Art
Seeing a rainbow often inspires an emotional reaction like delight or joy. Visceral
responses such as disgust show that sensory detection is reflexively connected to facial
expressions and to behaviors like the gag reflex. Yet disgust can often be a learned or
cultural response, too; seeing a smear of soup in a man’s beard is disgusting even though
neither soup nor beards are themselves disgusting.
Artistic judgments may be linked to emotions or, like emotions, partially embodied in
our physical reactions. Seeing a sublime view of a landscape may give us a reaction of
awe, which might manifest physically as increased heart rate or widened eyes. These
unconscious reactions may partly control, or at least reinforce, our judgment in the first
place that the landscape is sublime.
22

Likewise, artistic judgments may be culturally conditioned to some extent. Victorians

in Britain often saw African sculpture as ugly, but just a few decades later, those same
CATEGORIES OF VALUE
audiences saw those sculptures as being beautiful. Evaluations of beauty may well be
linked to desirability, perhaps even to sexual desirability. Thus, judgments of art can
become linked to judgments of economic, political, or moral value. In a contemporary
context, one might judge a Lamborghini to be beautiful partly because it is desirable as a LOGICAL True and False
status symbol, or we might judge it to be repulsive partly because it signifies for us over-
consumption and offends our political or moral values.

Judging the value of an artwork is often partly intellectual and interpretative. It is what ETHICAL Good and Bad
a thing means or symbolizes for us that is often what we are judging. Assigning value to
artwork is often a complex negotiation of our senses, emotions, intellectual opinions, will,
desires, culture, preferences, values, subconscious behavior, conscious decision, training,
instinct, sociological institutions, and other factors. AESTHETIC Beautiful and Ugly

23 24
 AESTHETICS VALUES AESTHETIC VALUES ACCORDING TO THE SENSES
SENSES SENSING: Sense-Data FORMS OF ART
BEAUTIFUL UGLY VISUAL ART: Painting,
SEEING: Color,
Delights Glooms EYE
Shape, Size, Motion
Sculpture, Architecture,
Dance, Drama

EARS HEARING: Sound AUDITORY ART: Music, Drama

OLFACTORY ART:
NOSE SMELLING: Odor
Perfume Making

TONGUE TASTING: Taste CULINARY ART: Cooking

Wow! Yak!
TOUCHING: Texture, TACTILE ART:
Walastik! Eww! SKIN
Shape, Size, Motion Sculpture, Lovemaking
Hanep! Sus!
IMAGI- IMAGINATIVE ART:
IMAGINING: Images
25 NATION Literature, Drama 26

AESTHETIC VALUES ACCORDING TO THE SENSES

SENSE-DATA BEAUTIFUL UGLY
COLOR Picturesque Blur PICTURESQUE
SHAPE Pretty Grotesque Beautiful Color
SIZE Cute Piquant
https://youtu
.be/RC83q93
MOTION Graceful Awkward PaqA

SOUND Lovely Droll

ODOR Fragrant Foul Pink Floyd, Brain Damage:
TASTE Delicious Pungent The Dark Side of the Moon,
TOUCH Pleasant Harsh Psychedelic Rock Music
IMAGE Fantastic Ridiculous 27
Video, 1972 28
 PICTURESQUE Beautiful Color PICTURESQUE: Rainbow: Amorsolo, Sunset Van Gogh, Sunset in the Wheatfield
Beautiful Color in Nature ROMANTIC REALISM
Kandinsky, Color Composition EXPRESSIONISM
Mondrian,
Composition with
Red, Yellow and
Blue, 1924

BLUR Ugly Color

Malevich
White on
White
1924

Lichtenstein, Sinking Sun Monet, Venice at Twilight Munch, “Scream” 1894

29 POP ART IMPRESSIONISM EMOTIONAL EFFECT OF COLOR30

HORROR VACUI AND THE PINOY INCLINATION

FOR FILLING UP EVERY INCH OF SPACE
By Gregg S. Lloren
FILIPINO Horror Vacui – a Latin expression which means “fear of emptiness”

SENSE OF BEAUTY  is a design principle where a preference in design and arrangements (organization) tend to
favor occupying every available spaces with objects and elements rather than leaving the

The colorful is
spaces empty.

• So to speak, it is the opposite of minimalism. The term has multiple applications across

beautiful.
various disciplines and is purported to date back to the time of, and principles posited by,
Aristotle.
• Nonetheless,, it is applied principally to describe an art style and design that leaves little or no
space. Further to this application, the principle is also oftentimes employed in a
variation of
commercial media, say, newspapers,
comic books, and websites.
31 32
 Horror Vacui
HORROR VACCUI: Oil on Canvas Painting by
Alfonso Ossorio
Fear of Empty Space

33 34

PICTURESQUE
COLORFUL DESIGN IN PHILIPPINE FOLK ART Beautiful Color in
Philippine Art

https://yo https://youtu.
utu.be/oB- be/3Y7d5MEr
9ex-kK6M JhQ

35 36
37 38

COLORFUL
ART OF THE
PAROL

Lanterns
made of
capiz shells
with twikling
light design

39 40
Vinta Sarimanok Design
Maranao Art
Badjao
Art

COLORFUL PHILIPPINE INDIGENOUS ART

41 42

Tinalak, Tiboli Art

Tiboli Woman
Weaving Tinala’k,
(Dreamweaver)

Tinalak
Clothes
COLORFUL COSTUMES
ACCESSORIES AND DECORATION

Nike Shoes with Tinala’k Design

43 44
 COLORFUL BANDERITAS ATI-ATIHAN FESTIVAL, KALIBO THE COLORFUL IS
DURING PHILIPPINE FIESTA KADAYAWAN FESTIVAL, DAVAO AKLAN
BEAUTIFUL

PENAGBENGA FESTIVAL, BAGUIO

PRETTY
Beautiful Shape
MASSKARA FESTIVAL,
PAHIYAS FESTIVAL, LUCBAN QUEZON
CITY BACOLOD

GROTESQUE
Ugly Shape
DINANGYANG FESTIVAL, TINALAK FESTIVAL, SOUTH COTABATO https://yout
SINULOG FESTIVAL, CEBU CITY
ILOILO u.be/Xxn9cN
Y3Wc4

Piliin Mo ang Pilipinas

Angeline Quinto
Music Video
2012
45 46

THE BEAUTIFUL SHAPE OF A DOME

Sexy beautiful shape of the female body

St.Peter’s Basilica, Vatican City House of Congress, Washington D.C. Taj Mahal, Agra India Ingres, The Odalisque with a Lute Player
Ingres, The Grande Odalisque

Mucha
Absinthe Robette
1901

STYLE
Art Nouveau
Sydney Opera House, Australia
Hagia Sophia, Istanbul Turkey
Juan Luna, The Odalisque
47 48
 GROTESQUE Ugly Shape

Grotesque
Venus of Face
Willendorf,
35,000 BC

CUTE
Beautiful Size
Leonardo,
Grotesque
Faces, 1492
PIQUANT
Ugly Size

49 50

GREEK AND WESTERN SENSE OF BEAUTY THE TALLEST BUILDINGS IN THE WORLD
The big is beautiful. Burj
Khalifa,
Taipei Dubai,
Sears 101, 2,772 ft.
Empire Tower, Taiwan,
State Chicago, 1,666 ft
Building, 1,450 ft.
Pyramid New York
of Kufu 1,250 ft.
Egypt,
Colossus of Rhodes 420 ft.
280 BC, 100 ft. high
Statue of Zeus Statue of Liberty, 1886
435 BC, 40 ft. high 305 ft. high

51 52
 JAPANESE SENSE OF BEAUTY
The small is beautiful.
Burj Khalifa TALLEST BUILDING
IN THE BONSAI
Dubai SMALLEST ORIGAMI
2,772 feet high PHILIPPINES Miniature Tree in a Pot
163 Floors

https://you
tu.be/16BF
rEBZQS4

Scene from the PBCom Tower

Making of Mission Ayala Makati City
Impossible: Ghost 790 feet high Folded from a piece of
Protocol, 2011 55 floors plastic film measuring
0.1 x 0.1 mm by Naito
Akira in 2004
53 54

HAIKU JAPANESE SENSE OF BEAUTY

The less is beautiful ZEN PAINTING
Monk Meditating
Japanese short poem MINIMALISM
composed of 3 lines Use of least number of elements ZEN BUDDHISM
AND MINIMALISM
with 17 syllables ZEN PAINTING ZEN PAINTING
Landscape Bamboo
The cause of suffering in
life is attachment to material
An old, silent pond… things. The lesser the
possessions, the lesser the
A frog jumps into the pond, suffering. So the secret to
happiness is living a simple life.
Splash! Silence again.
(Basho Matsuo) I walk across sand ZEN PAINTING
Circle
And find myself blistering
In the hot, hot sun. Video 3.2.
https://yout
u.be/UY8C6
ZEN PAINTING ogEayI
55 56
River
 National Anthem of Japan In the shining bright daylight
Philippine National Anthem Now the Philippines is rising
1943 WWII To be good the majestic country
built
GRACEFUL
https://yo
Rizal shed blood Beautiful
utu.be/hTJ You can get it right
P84w-k78 Motion
Country's Flowers Sampagita
Now is the time to be proud
KIMIGAYO Country's Flowers Sampagita https://yo
Waka Poem Now is the time to be proud utu.be/Sip
I bbUxO8FQ
794 AD May your reign NOTE: During Japanese rule, the
Continue for a thousand, official anthem was "Diwa ng Celebrate the day of founding
君が代は Bayan" which was the same People are reborn
Eight thousand generations,
千代に八千代に melody as "Lupang Hinirang" In the meantime thousands of
さざれ（細）石の Until the pebbles which was sung in Tagalog in
Grow into boulders blood tears
いわお（巌）となりて public. This is an UNOFFICIAL
Michael
こけ（苔）の生すまで Lush with moss anthem of the Japanese Laurel will continue
Kimigayo wa
Philippines, proposed in Become a dreamer Jackson
December 1943. Audio
Chiyo ni yachiyo ni remastered by me, Mrexctbhj. Beat It
https://yo Title: "Song of Philippines' Praise and the day of history
Sazare-ishi no utu.be/S2
independence(" 菲 律 賓 独 立 の Divergence I hope 1986
Iwao to narite Vanclvh3
歌”） The song has no English,
Q Praise and the day of history
Koke no musu made nor Tagalog version. Only sung in
Japanese. Divergence I hope 57 58

LOVELY Beautiful sound

DROLL Ugly sound PLEASANT
Beautiful Touch
TIMBRE OF THE HUMAN VOICE https://you
tu.be/L8Cu
s2CZURM

FLOWING EFFECT Jose Mari Chan, KAMA SUTRA

(Continuous Sound) Constant Change Art of Pleasure

https://you
tu.be/p-
TREMBLING EFFECT Louis Armstrong, T6aaRV9HY

TREMOLO OR VIBRATO It’s a Wonderful

(Vibrating Sound) World
59 60
 FANTASTIC Beautiful Image and RIDICULOUS Ugly Image Magritte
Fine Realities
Dali, The Dream
1964

FANTASTIC OR
RIDICULOUS
IMAGES?

https://you
tu.be/bpD0
F9hpd68

Surrealist
Rene Magritte,
Documentary
2013
Jacek Yerka, Quiet Balance Jacek Yerka, Brontosaurus Civitas 61 62

THE BLIND MEN AND THE ELEPHANT.

Lesson 3.3. Hierarchy of Beauty A HINDOO FABLE.

I.
1. Measure the Arts Based on the Perception by the Senses. It was six men of Indostan
To learning much inclined,
Who went to see the Elephant
(Though all of them were
blind),
REFERENCES
That each by observation
Resources
Might satisfy his mind.
Suojanen, M. (2016). Aesthetic experience of beautiful and ugly persons: a critique. Journal of Aesthetic and Culture.
Vol 8, 2016, Issue 1. Taylor Francis Online.https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.3402/jac.v8.30529
II.
The First approached the
Videos Elephant,
KWolf93Garou. (May 2, 2009). Charlie Chaplin's The Tramp with benny hill theme. And happening to fall
https://youtu.be/DJ4opMyIU-w
Against his broad and sturdy
Blanco, F. (Mar. 7, 2014). 10000 Japanese singing Beethoven's Ode to Joy in Osaka Japan - Oda a la alegria. side,
https://youtu.be/Ayw4l58IWb8 At once began to bawl:
"God bless me!—but the
Gemtracker. (Dec, 20, 2013). Ode of Joy - Robert Bennigton.
Elephant
https://youtu.be/s9JufoSaeHs
Is very like a wall!"
63
III.
The Second, feeling of the tusk,
Cried: "Ho!—what have we here
So very round and smooth and
sharp?
To me 't is mighty clear
This wonder of an Elephant
Is very like a spear!"
IV.
The Third approached the
animal,
And happening to take
The squirming trunk within his
hands,
Thus boldly up and spake:
"I see," quoth he, "the Elephant
Is very like a snake!"
V.
The Fourth reached out his eager
hand,
And felt about the knee.
"What most this wondrous beast
is like
Is mighty plain," quoth he;
"'T is clear enough the Elephant
Is very like a tree!"
VI.
The Fifth, who chanced to touch
the ear,
Said: "E'en the blindest man
Can tell what this resembles
most;
Deny the fact who can,
This marvel of an Elephant
Is very like a fan!"
64
 VII.
The Sixth no sooner had begun
About the beast to grope,
Than, seizing on the swinging tail
That fell within his scope,
"I see," quoth he, "the Elephant
Is very like a rope!" The question of whether or not beauty exists in nature is a philosophical problem. In
particular, there is the question of whether artworks, persons, or nature has aesthetic qualities.
VIII.
And so these men of Indostan Most people say that they care about their own beauty. Moreover, they judge another person's
Disputed loud and long, appearance from an aesthetic point of view using aesthetic concepts. However, aesthetic
Each in his own opinion judgements are not objective in the sense that the experience justifies their objectivity.
Exceeding stiff and strong, If there are no aesthetic qualities in the world, nobody can judge someone beautiful or ugly
Though each was partly in the right,
And all were in the wrong!
without oppression. Aesthetic judgement is exercise of power.

MORAL.
So, oft in theologic wars In your own opinion, which among your senses can
The disputants, I ween, describe beauty better? Why? What moral lesson can
Rail on in utter ignorance you relate from your answer?
Of what each other mean,
And prate about an Elephant
Not one of them has seen! 65 66

KEY
CONCEPTS
Aesthetics examines the nature of art, beauty, and taste, with the creation and appreciation of
beauty. Non-Western cultures have also created their own unique aesthetics, which exists in
many different forms and styles. However, it is not easy to say what is beautiful or ugly. People
have different opinions and judgements about what is beautiful or ugly. You may think that
Salvador Dalí's paintings are great. Nevertheless, it has been argued that aesthetic perception, or
experience, is objective in the sense that aesthetic qualities belong to natural phenomena, human
persons, and artworks. According to that argument, non-aesthetic and aesthetic qualities exist in
an object, and they can be experienced.
The Earl of Shaftesbury wrote in 1711 that “we cannot deny the common sense of
beauty.” David Hume, however, disagreed and thought that beauty is not a feature that
belongs to reality independent of feeling and sentiment. For David Hume, a Scottish
philosopher (1711-1776)
“there is no beauty or ugliness inherent in paintings, novels, or fashion models.
Therefore, the relationship of experience to aesthetic qualities leads to a challenging
problem, which can be expressed in the question of whether there are beautiful or ugly
persons in the world.”
If there are no aesthetic qualities in the world, nobody can perceive someone to be
beautiful or ugly without arriving at the contradiction. Those in power reflect their own
aesthetic values to people and art in general.
Plato thought that beautiful objects have harmony or unity in their parts. Similarly,
Aristotle considered that the features of beauty are order and symmetry.

67 68
 Who among them do you consider beautiful and ugly?
Leonardo Tom Cruise,
Simonneta A Samburo Grotesque Hollywood
Vespucci in the Woman from Face of Actor Time
Venus Paintings Kenya, Africa Scaramuccia Magazine
by Botticelli 1492 2003

Nikki Zeiring,
Dalagang Durer Van Gogh
International
Pilipina in Supermodel
Self-Portrait Self-Portrait
Amorsolo’s Vogue 1500 1886
Painting Magazine
2001

69 70

According to art critics, there are

14 DEGREES OF AESTHETIC VALUES
Larry Alcala, Splice of Life
Sotein, Mad Woman 1922 CHARLIE CHAPLIN The Tramp
COMIC Delights and Entertains
1. SUBLIME purely delights COMIC
B
2. GRAND delights and awes
E
3. ELEGANT delights and impresses
A
4. CHARMING delights and attracts
U https://y
5. COMIC delights and entertains outu.be/

T DJ4opMyI
U-w
6. TRAGIC delights and saddens
Y
7. TERRIBLE delights and fears
Sotein Carcass
8. SCARRY glooms and fears of Beef, 1925

U 9. HORRIBLE glooms and saddens

G 10. BIZARRE glooms and entertains
L 11. POIGNANT glooms and attracts
Y 12. PERVERSE glooms and impresses SCARRY
BIZARRE
Glooms
13. RUSTIC glooms and awes and fears Glooms and
Sotein, Woman in Red, 1922 Entertains
14. PATHETIC purely glooms 71 72
Damien Hirst ,This little piggy went to market, Damien Hirst ,This little piggy went to market, Hirst God Alone
this little piggy stayed at home (1996), this little piggy stayed at home (1996), Knows, 2007
INSTALLATION ART INSTALLATION ART

GRAND
Delights and awes
https://yout
u.be/Ayw4l5
8IWb8

Beethoven
Choral: Ode to Joy
From the Ninth Symphony
Performed by Choir and https://you
tu.be/oWG
ZdYNpaSo
Orchestra of 10,000 Members
Osaka, Japan Comic
Gericault, After Death, 1721 Bernini, Ecstasy of St. Therese, 1592
Kalo, My Birth, 1932 RUSTIC Glooms and awes SUBLIME Purely delights 73
2014 Version 74

Lesson 3.4. Western View of Beauty

1. Classify the Western View of Beauty in Art According to its Time Period. The nature of beauty is one of the most enduring and controversial
themes in Western philosophy, and is—with the nature of art—one of
REFERENCES the two fundamental issues in philosophical aesthetics. Beauty has
Readings traditionally been counted among the ultimate values, with goodness,
Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. (2020). Beauty.
https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/beauty/ truth, and justice. It is a primary theme among ancient Greek,
SlideShare. (2011). A concise history of western art. Hellenistic, and medieval philosophers, and was central to eighteenth
https://www.slideshare.net/spiller37/a-concise-history-of-western-art
and nineteenth-century thought.

75 76
 Knot Tying
ANALYSIS OF AESTHETIC TERMS
ACCORDING TO FILIPINO
 In Korea, decorative knot work is known as maedeup or called dorae or double ANTHROPOLOGY
connection knot, often called Korean knot work or Korean knots.

Pagkataong Filipino and the

COVAR Concepts of Labas and Loob
 Zhongguo is the Chinese decorative handicraft art that began as a form of Chinese
folk art in theTang and Song Dynasty (960-1279 AD) in China. The Beautiful Personhood
(Ang Magandang Pagkatao) Filipino Worldview:
Ethnography of Local
Knowledge, 2001
JOCANO Filipino Aesthetic Worldview
By F. Landa Jocano
 In Japan, knot tying is called hanamusubi. It emphasizes on braids and focuses on Filipino Anthropologist
individual knots.
ANTHROPOLOGICAL
THEORY
Historical Particularism
Cultural Relativism
Cognitive122
Theory

A way people look at the universe DIMENSIONS OF FILIPINO WORLDVIEW

WORLDVIEW
People’s picture of the universe that lies 1.Natural Dimension 6. Ethical Dimension
deep in the heart of culture 2.Biological Dimension 7. Moral Dimension
3.Communal Dimension 8. Aesthetic Dimension
4.Social Dimension 9. Teleological Dimension
5.Normative Dimension 10. Ideological Dimension
Worldview
= GANDA (Beauty)
Language  The primary Filipino aesthetic term “Sum total of katangian (traits) of anything that gives the highest pleasure
to the senses.”
A system of symbols and meanings people  Relative term since its use defends on the judgment of the beholder.
CULTURE use to organize their ideas which they  When applied to person, ganda involves both physical appearance (ayos) and social character (ugali).
express through language  Ganda then is about the “totality of the person,” both his pagkataong panlabas (physical appearance) and his
pagkataong panloob (social behavior).
LANGUAGE Contains words that carries culture.  Ganda and buti (good) are interchangeable terms so that whatever is maganda is also mabuti. Aesthetic taste
involves moral judgement.

Analysis of the meaning of words in a language is analysis GANDA BUTI

of the form of culture on which lies people’s worldview (Beauty) = (Good)
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 AESTHETICS OF FILIPINO PERSONHOOD
CATEGORIES OF GANDA GANDA
(ESTETIKA NG PAGKAKATAONG FILIPINO) (Beauty)

DILAG ALINDOG RIKIT

(Gorgeousness) (Charm) (Loveliness)
Ganda that is Feminine attribute
overwhelming of being attractive The form of beauty
Maayos that glows
(Pagkataong Panlabas) RANGYA DINGAL KINANG NINGNING
Beautiful physical appearance (Grandeur) (Magnificence) (Radiance) (Luster)
Gorgeous display of
Pagkataong Maganda Kanais-nais Gorgeous display of
ganda in cosmetics, The charm of being
ganda in appearance
gentle and docile
Pareho sa Labas at Loob = Desirable, speech, action jewelry or attire Kinang, ningning,
kintab and
Mabuti ang Ugali (Beautiful Personhood) Valuable LAMBING AMO luningning all
(Affection) (Gentleness) refer to glittering
(Pagkataong Panloob) beauty
Affectionate feminine attractive
Good social behavior behavior and ways of speaking.
Implies orderliness, INAM Wholesomeness in appearance KINTAB LUNINGNING
neatness or fineness (Goodness) or act that draws the attention (Radiance) (Luster)
of perceiver.
Sparkling beauty, like
https://you Masculine atrributes of handsomeness enthusiasm or excitement
tu.be/GYar
6rGbukM 125
KISIG GILAS KISLAP 126
(Proportion) (Symmetry) (Radiance)

THE PHENOMENON OF GANDA

MASIPAG MAAMO
As an affective phenomenon As behavioral, ethical phenomenon MAGTRABAHO MAKISIG ANG MUKHA MARANGYA
Ganda is judged in terms of the emotion or the Ganda is judged in terms of action, public appearance
sentiment it evokes from the perceiver or human relation (ugali)
NAKAKABIGHANI: Ganda evokes desirability MAHINHIN: It is coy, dainty, demure
NAKAKAAKIT: It attracts MABAIT: It is good-natured, considerate
NAKAKATAWAG NG PANSIN: It calls attention MAGALANG: it is respectful or polite

As an olfactory sense phenomenon As a physical phenomenon

Ganda is judge through scent or sense of smell Ganda is judge as a concrete entity with physical
NANANATILI O NAMAMALAGI: Ganda makes its attributes
presence felt (amoy bagong paligo) MAKINIS ANG BALAT: Smooth skin
MALINIS: It fells or smells clean (malinis MAAMO ANG MUKHA: Gentle, docile face
haplusin/amoy-malinis MATIPUNO ANG KATAWAN: Healthy body
SARIWA: It smells or fells fresh (amoy-sariwa, MATIKAS ANG TINDIG:
amoy-pinipig)
Ganda is judge as the ability to
As a capability phenomenon perform work or do things
MATIPUNO MAHUSAY MARIKIT MAALINDOG
MASIPAG MAGTRABAHO: Industrious ANG KATAWAN
MAGALING MAGLUTO: A good cook
MAGPINTA
127 128
MAHUSAY KUMANTA: A good singer
 "[The women I paint should have] a rounded face…. The eyes should be exceptionally lively, not the dreamy, sleepy type…. The nose
should be of the blunt form but firm and strongly marked.... The ideal Filipina beauty should not necessarily be white complexioned, Instructions: The answer to each question should have at least a minimum of 50 words.
nor of the dark brown color of the typical Malayan, but of the clear skin or fresh colored type which we often witness when we met a
blushing girl.“
-FERNANDO AMORSOLO
Analysis 1. Which among the pictures do you consider an artwork that gives greater
influence to Philippine art? Explain (Lesson 3.1)
Amorsolo, Girl with Amorsolo, Girl Amorsolo, The Smiling Amorsolo, Girl on a Amorsolo, Woman in Amorsolo, The Fruit
a Basket of Fruits Taking a Bath Palay Maiden Bath a Tobacco Field Gatherer 2. What degree of aesthetic values are the paintings of? (Lesson 3.3)
a. Sotein
b. Hirst
c. Kalo

Assessment
1. In the concept of Filipino “Pagkatao” what cultural influence do you find
relevant to showcase the Philippine culture in the global community?
All societies have aesthetic standards for appreciating things. This
Amorsolo, Girl with Amorsolo, Dalagang Amorsolo, Girl with
a Coconut Filipina a Jar appreciation is essentially a collective formation, deeply embedded in
symbols and meanings of society. These symbols and meanings are
closely associated with the people’s concept of ganda as this Reflection
materializes in their ways of experiencing the world or rationalizing 1. Did you try out different compositional arrangements before producing your
their relationship with it. Ganda may be viewed not only as an final module activities ?
emotion experienced in the encounter of what is pleasurable but also
as a particular cast of mind out in the world of objects.
129 130
-Jocano, Filipino Worldview

RUBRICS FOR GRADING

EXCELLENT ABOVE AVERAGE AVERAGE BELOW AVERAGE POOR Module 3
(10 PTS) (8 PTS) (6 PTS) (4 PTS) (2 PT)
CRITERIA
INDIVIDUAL ACTIVITY
Instructions: You can use any of the following medium in painting:
Uniqueness of idea Uniqueness of idea Uniqueness of idea Minimal detail Absolute minimal black/brown coffee (instant)
ANALYSIS: is thorough, is informative and is present, but some provided, needs effort. Charcoal
Creativity and informative, and well thought. details improvement. gumamela flower extract
uniqueness demonstrates missing/incorrect.
Azuete
significant effort.
any colourful leaves, vegetables and fruits
Message is Message is Message is present, Minimal detail Absolute minimal bricks (different colors) or flower pot
ASSESSMENT: thorough, informative and but some details provided, needs effort. 1. Make a horror vacui painting that shows the Filipino concept of space and beauty (From Lesson
Clarity: Message is informative, and well thought. missing/incorrect. improvement. 3.2)
clearly addressed demonstrates 2. Make a minimalist painting that shows the Japanese concept. (From Lesson 3.2)
significant effort.
3. Write your selected verse or message in calligraphic style then affix your nickname at the right
The relevance is The relevance is The relevance is Minimal detail Absolute minimal corner below your artwork with the use of Chinese brush and watercolor. (From Lesson 3.5)
REFLECTIONS: thorough, informative and present, but some provided, needs effort. 4. Use 1/8 illustration board for each activity. The process on making your art painting should be
Impact: The idea is informative, and well thought. details improvement. done by using time lapse mode of your cellphone camera. Submit it together with the final
relevant to present demonstrates missing/incorrect. pictures of your artwork. DR. ALLAN C. ORATE, UE
situation significant effort. 131 132