8

Research I
Quarter I - Module 1:
Types of Scientific Research
Research I – Grade 8
Self-Learning Modules
First Edition, 2020

Republic Act 8293, section 176 states that: No copyright shall subsist in any work of the
Government of the Philippines. However, prior approval of the government agency or office
wherein the work is created shall be necessary for exploitation of such work for profit. Such
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effort has been exerted to locate and seek permission to use these materials from their respective
copyright owners. The publisher and authors do not represent nor claim ownership over them.

Published by the Department of Education – Regional Office VIII

Regional Director: Ramir B. Uytico EdD, CESO IV
Assistant Regional Director: Arnulfo M. Balane, CESO V

Development Team of the Module

Writers: JENETT T. DAGOHOY

Language Editors: ARCHIE C. PARTULAN, EURICA CONCEPCION A.
VILLANUEVA
Content Editors: JOARTH B. SABULAO
Illustrators: Eduard A. Nerja
Layout Artist: Eduard A. Nerja
Management Team:
Rosemarie M. Guino EdD, OIC – Chief,
CLMD
Ryan R. Tiu EdD, EPS, CLMD – Science
Joy B. Bihag, EPS, CLMD – LRMS
Felicidad T. Espinosa, Chief, CID
Socorro B. Ausa, EPS, CID – Science
Ismael Posion, EPS, CID - LRMS
Printed in the Philippines by ________________________

Department of Education – Regional Office VIII

Office Address: Government Center, Candahug, Palo, Leyte

Telefax: 053 - 3233156

E-mail Address: region8@deped.gov.ph
Introductory Message
This Self-Learning Module (SLM) is prepared so that you, our dear learners,
can continue your studies and learn while at home. Activities, questions,
directions, exercises, and discussions are carefully stated for you to understand
each lesson.

Each SLM is composed of different parts. Each part shall guide you step-
by-step as you discover and understand the lesson prepared for you.

At the end of each module, you need to answer the test to self-check your
learning. Answer keys are provided for each activity and test. We trust that you
will be honest in using these.

In addition to the material in the main text, Notes to the Teacher are also
provided to our facilitators and parents for strategies and reminders on how they
can best help you on your home-based learning.

Please use this module with care. Do not put unnecessary marks on any
part of this SLM. Use a separate sheet of paper in answering the exercises and
tests. And read the instructions carefully before performing each task.

If you have any questions in using this SLM or any difficulty in answering
the tasks in this module, do not hesitate to consult your teacher or facilitator.

Thank you.

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For the learner:

Welcome to the Research 1 Self – Learning Module 1 on Types of Scientific

Research!

The hand is one of the most symbolized part of the human body. It is often used
to depict skill, action, and purpose. Through our hands we may learn, create, and
accomplish. Hence, the hand in this learning resource signifies that you as a
learner is capable and empowered to successfully achieve the relevant
competencies and skills at your own pace and time. Your academic success lies
in your own hands!

This module was designed to provide you with fun and meaningful opportunities
for guided and independent learning at your own pace and time. You will be
enabled to process the contents of the learning resource while being an active
learner.

This module has the following parts and corresponding icons:

This will give you an idea of the skills or

competencies you are expected to learn in the
Explore module. A brief drill or review to help you link
the current lesson with the previous one. The
new lesson will also be introduced to you in
various ways such as a story, a song, a poem,
a problem opener, an activity, or a situation.
This section provides a brief discussion of the
lesson. This aims to help you discover and
Learn understand new concepts and skills.

This comprises activities for independent

practice to solidify your understanding and
Engage skills of the topic. You may check the answers
to the exercises using the Answer Key at the
end of the module.
This includes questions or blank
sentence/paragraph to be filled into process
Apply what you learned from the lesson.

This is a task which aims to evaluate your

level of mastery in achieving the learning
Assess competency.

This contains answers to all activities in the

module.
Answer Key

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 This contains the learner’s reflection.
Learners are encouraged to think about the
Reflect
lessons particularly the parts that went well
(they have understood) and the parts that
were weak (they have difficulty) and write
about it briefly. Learners can share their
thoughts and feeling about the lessons.

At the end of this module you will also find:

References This is a list of all sources used in
developing this module.
The following are some reminders in using this module:

1. Use the module with care. Do not put unnecessary mark/s on any part of
the module. Use a separate sheet of paper in answering the exercises.
2. Read the instruction carefully before doing each task.
3. Observe honesty and integrity in doing the tasks and checking your
answers.
4. Finish the task at hand before proceeding to the next.
5. Return this module to your teacher/facilitator once you are through with
it.
If you encounter any difficulty in answering the tasks in this module, do not
hesitate to consult your teacher or facilitator. Always bear in mind that you
are not alone.

We hope that through this material, you will experience meaningful learning
and gain deep understanding of the relevant competencies. You can do it!

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 Explore

Good Day, future scientists! Surely, a scientist holds the piece to complete the
puzzle of knowledge.

In the previous module, you have learned about what is research, what are
the characteristics and the importance of research. These are some of the
fundamental parts of research that you need to know for you to have a background
knowledge in the field of research.

This module aims to help you understand the role of research in our daily life
activities, think creatively, analyze, and make decisions to solve societal problems.
After going through this module, you are expected to:
Categorize research in terms of features and relevance.
Specifically, the activities in this module will enable you to:
o Classify the different types of research.
o Differentiate the types of research.
o Compare and contrast types of research.

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 Learn
In Grade 7 Science, you have learned the scientific ways of acquiring
knowledge and solving problems. How are problems solved? In most cases, scientists
solve problems by making thorough investigations. They follow a logical method of
solving problems called the scientific method. The scientific method is the simplest
and easiest way to solve a problem. This method minimizes the chances of making
mistakes.

Can you still remember your lesson about it? To find out, do the following
practice exercises to refresh your mind.

Activity 1. Arrange Me!

Directions: The following are the steps that are used to investigate a natural
phenomenon. Use letters A, B, C, D, E, F, G to indicate the arrangement. Use the
separate answer sheet provided for you.

1. ____ Experimentation or testing of hypothesis.

2. ____ Include a statement that accepts or rejects the hypothesis to look for
another explanation of the problem.

3. ____ Formulation of hypothesis.

4. ____ Reporting of reliable data.

5. ____ Identification of the problem.

6. ____ Analysis and interpretation of results through tables, graphs,

and photographs.

7. ____ Collection of data through observation.

Activity 2. Let’s Make a Match!

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Directions: Match each statement in the first column with its corresponding step
number in the Scientific Method. Write the correct answer in your answer sheet.

It is amazing to know that you can still remember the basic steps of the
scientific method. Good job!

Now, how knowledgeable are you about your surroundings? How far do you
know more about people, places, and things in this world? Share some ways and
techniques you know about becoming knowledgeable in a lot of things in this world
such as those in your world, among your friends, schoolmates, loved ones, and so
on.

What do you know about research as a method of understanding your

surroundings better?

Do you know that research is fun? Try to work on these activities and
experience the enjoyment that research could bring you.

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Activity 3
A. Picture Analysis
Directions: Study the different scenic places below and answer the guide questions
that follow. Use the separate answer sheet provided for you.

1. 2.

http://www.manilachannel.com/wp- https://wanderingcha.wordpres
content/uploads/2016/02/Mahagna s.com/2012/05/29/rt/
o-Park-Burauen.jpg

3. 4.

Photo Credits: Jenett T. Dagohoy Photo Credits: Mary Grace G. Pasa

Guide Questions:
1. Which among these places interests you the most? Why?
2. Would you like to know more about them?
3. How do you think would you be more knowledgeable in knowing your
favorite places?

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B. Guess and Describe Me!
Examine each picture below. What comes to your mind upon seeing it?
Describe each picture by completing the boxes on the answer sheet provided for you.

1. 2.

Photo Credits: Luzviminda F. Alcober Photo Credits: Leah A. Antivo

B Y I E E D

3.

Photo Credits: Jason D. Caande

B O

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What is research?

Research is to search a problem and find a solution for it which includes

collection, presentation, analysis, and interpretation of data scientifically (Calmorin,
2010). It is, therefore, to answer a specific question and to solve a particular problem
or societal issue.

Types of Scientific Research

The types of scientific research are categorized based on application of

research method, classification of research, and the type of data needed.

A. Based on Application of Research Methods

1. Basic Research

o It is known as “pure research” or “fundamental research.”

o Its purpose is to discover basic truth and likewise increase scientific
knowledge by exploring unknown to discover new facts accurately
(Calmorin, 2010).

Illustration

“FISH DIVERSITY OF LAKE MAHAGNAO IN MAHAGNAO VOLCANO

NATURAL PARK, BURAUEN, LEYTE”
Source: Meniano, 2021

The above-mentioned research problem is basic because the main

purpose is to discover the presence of fish found in Mahagnao Lake without
any thought to its practical usefulness.

2. Applied Research

o It is conducted to respond societal problems.

o It is also the development of a new system or procedure, new device, or
new method to solve the problem.

Illustration

“ACCEPTABILITY OF BANANA PEELINGS AS PATTY BURGER”

Source: Camingao et.al., 2015
2021

The above applied research problem seeks to develop a new method

to utilize banana peelings into a value-added product, burger. Thus, solves
the food problem and economic crisis of the country.

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3. Development Research
o It is a decision-oriented type of research that follows basic steps of
scientific method to improve existing practices.
o This process involves experts that will take actions and evaluation.

Illustration
“GROWTH & YIELD OF CONTAINER – GROWN UPLAND KANGKONG
(Ipomea reptans Poiret) AS INFULENCED BY DIFFERENT LEVELS OF
VERMICAST” Source: Ratilla, 2008

The above-mentioned development research responds to an immediate

need to improve the existing practice of using vermicast. Comparison as to
which levels of vermicast is done by the researcher in terms of its growth,
higher yield, and higher return of investments (ROI).

B. Based on Classification of Research

1. Library Research

o This is done in the library where answers to specific problems of the

study are available and much of the primary and secondary sources
are found in the library.
o Field and laboratory research also make use of the library research but
the answers to certain problems are not available in the library.
o The data is gathered through a survey or experimentation.
Illustration

“HISTORICAL EVOLUTION AND DEVELOPMENT OF COMPUTER”

Source: Nerja, 2002

Computer knowledge can be collected in numerous references that can be

found in the library. It can include its historical pattern and as well as its
development across numerous timelines.

2. Field Research

o Research is conducted in a natural setting.

o No changes are made in the environment.
Illustration

“FISH DIVERSITY OF LAKE MAHAGNAO IN MAHAGNAO VOLCANO

NATURAL PARK, BURAUEN, LEYTE”
Source: Meniano, 2021

To determine the diversity of fish in Lake Mahagnao is an example of a field

research. The fish are collected in a natural setting

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3. Laboratory Research

o It is conducted in artificial or controlled conditions in a thoroughly

specified and operationalized area.
o Its main purpose are as follows:
1) test hypothesis derived from theory.
2) control variance under research conditions; and
3) discover the relations between the dependent and independent
variables.
Illustration

“WATER QUALITY EVALUATION OF MARABONG RIVER, BURAUEN, LEYTE:

ITS IMPLICATION TO ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT”
Source: Dagohoy, 2015

The above study is an example of laboratory research because the

samples are collected in the site subject to analysis in a controlled condition.

C. Based on the Types of Data Needed

1. Qualitative research

o It requires non-numerical data, which means that the research uses

descriptive words rather than numbers to express the results, the
inquiry, or investigation about people’s thoughts, beliefs, feelings,
views, and lifestyles regarding the object of the study (Baraceros, 2016).
o Opinionated answers from people are not measurable, so, verbal
language is the right way to express your findings in qualitative
research.
2. Quantitative research

o It involves the measurement of data.

o It also presents research findings referring to the number or frequency
of something in numerical forms (i.e., using percentages, fractions,
numbers).
The data you deal with in research are either primary or secondary
data.
A. Primary data

o This type of material provides first-hand information.

o It is obtained through direct observation or contact with people,
objects, relics, artifacts, paintings, etc.
o These are new and original information through sensory experience or
eyewitnesses’ accounts.
B. Secondary data

o These are second-hand information like when a person narrates

information heard from the original source or data has already been
written about or reported on and are available for reading purposes.
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 Engage
Activity 1.1 Crossword Puzzle

Research Terms

Directions: Use the crossword to become familiar with some of the research
terms. Simply read the clue. Even if you know just a few of the terms, you
will discover more as you fill in letters in the crossword puzzle. Write the
correct word on the answer sheet provided for you.

Down Across

1 conducted in artificial or 1 a place where reference materials

controlled conditions
2 a type of data that has already
been written about or reported on
4 uses quality or descriptive words
to express the results
5 a type of research conducted to
give practical solutions due to
societal problems
7 a type of research conducted in a
natural setting
8 a type of research that aims to
discover truths and principles
(such as books, dictionary,
manuscripts, recordings, or films)
are kept
3 it aims to discover truths by
investigating on your chosen topic
scientifically
6 a type of data obtained through
direct observation
9 the data is expressed or
interpreted through numerical
10 a type of research involving the
application of the steps of the
scientific method

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 Activity 1.2 Where Do I Belong?

Directions: Classify the following topics by writing B for basic research, A for
applied research, and D for development research in your answer sheet.

1.) Quality of commercial wine vinegar evaluated on the basis

of polyphenol content and antioxidant properties
2.) Optimization of process parameters for vinegar production
using Banana fermentation
3.) Acetic Acid Content of Vinegar
4.) The Truth about Philippine Mangoes
5.) Purification and identification of blood fluidity
improvement brewed rice vinegar
6.) Storage logistics fruits and vegetables: effect of temperature
7.) Production of Vinegar from Pineapple Peel
Activity 1.3 Quantitative vs. Qualitative

Having obtained much knowledge about the lesson, you can now
compare qualitative and quantitative research. Put a check mark (/) if the
research question is qualitative or quantitative research. Then, accomplish
the last column to justify your choice. Write your answer on the answer
sheet provided for you.

Quant R
Qual
Research Questions ita e
it
tiv a
a
e s
ti
o
v
n
e
s
1. How does corona virus spread?
2. What is the total percentage of
OFW’s infected by the corona
virus as of December 2020?
3. How often do you travel for a
holiday?
4. How does COVID-19 affect
children?
5. How many percent of students
were using online platform
learning in
Region 8?

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 Apply

Congratulations! You are almost done with this module. Let us summarize
what you have learned from the lesson and activities.

A. Directions: Complete the concept map by supplying it with the appropriate

information. Use the answer sheet provided for you.

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B. Directions: Read and understand each statement carefully, then answer the
questions intelligently. Use the answer sheet provided for you.

1. If you wish to conduct a research study on the water quality evaluation of a river
by testing its parameters (Biological Oxygen Demand, Salinity, Dissolved Oxygen,
Turbidity and Fecal Coliforms) what classification of research is appropriate for your
study. Explain your choice.
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________

2. Is the researcher himself a data gathering instrument? Why? Why not?

__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________

C. Directions: Based on what you have learned about the types of research, write a
research topic, problem, or situation you are familiar with. Using your topic indicate
the types of research based on the application of research method, classification of
research, and the data needed. Use the answer sheet provided for you.

1. Research topic / problem / situation

___________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
___________________________

2. Types of research based on:

a. Application of Research Method

___________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
___________________________

b. Classification of Research
___________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
___________________________

c. Data Needed
___________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________

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 Assess

Multiple Choice. Choose the letter of the best answer. Write the chosen letter on a
separate sheet of paper.

1. Research conducted in its natural setting is ____.

A. Basic research C. Field research

B. Applied research D. Development research

2. Decision-oriented research which involves the applications of steps of scientific

method in response to an immediate need for improvement of existing practices is
____.

A. Laboratory research C. Applied research

B. Basic research D. Development research

3. A quantitative research presents research findings in this manner:

A. Many prefer to study with textbooks.

B. Out of 100 STE students, 90 find textbooks beneficial to their studies.
C Students find textbooks indispensable or necessary.
D. Perhaps, 30% consider textbooks unnecessary in their studies.

4. The study entitled “Yield of Cabbage Planted in Vegetable Garden Using Chicken
Dung and Cow Manure as Organic Fertilizers” is ____.

A. Library research C. Field research

B. Laboratory research D. Basic research

5. Which of the following does not belong to the group?

A. Pure research C. Field research

B. Applied research D. Development research

6. Research conducted in artificial condition is ____.

A. Basic research C. Field research

B. Applied research D. Development research

7. Which of the following statements is a qualitative research?

A. Seventy-five (75%) of the examinees passed the licensure examinations.

B. Thirty-six percent of the examinees who passed the licensure
examinations were female.
C. A big number of examinees passed the licensure examinations.
D. Twenty-five (25%) of the examinees did not pass the licensure
examinations.

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8. A place where literary, musical, artistic, or reference materials are kept for use is
____.

A. Classroom C. Laboratory
B. Office D. Library

9. Oral histories, written records, and diaries are____.

A. Primary sources C. Secondary sources

B. Qualitative research D. Quantitative research

10. A study entitled “Culture of Milkfish in the Fishpond Using Fish Meal as
Supplemental Feed” is an example of ____.

A. Library research C. Field research

B. Basic research D. Laboratory research

11. The following are the types of research based on application of research methods
except____.

A. Library research C. Applied research

B. Basic research D. Development research

12. Which of the following is the type of research based on classification?

A. Library research C. Applied research

B. Basic research D. Development research

13. An information heard from the original source or has been reported is ____.

A. Primary sources C. Secondary sources

B. Qualitative research D. Quantitative research

14. Another term for basic research is ____.

A. Pure research C. Field research

B. Applied research D. Development research

15. Presents research findings referring to the number or frequency of

something in numerical forms is called ___.

A. Primary sources C. Secondary sources

B. Qualitative research D. Quantitative research

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 Reflect

Directions: Take a few minutes to reflect. Share your thoughts about the
things you have learned from the lesson and those that you think is
difficult for you to understand. Write your answer in a separate sheet of
paper.

1. What new information have I learned from the activities?

I have learned about _______________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________

2. Which part of the activities did I find difficult?

The difficult part of the activity was ________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________

3. What are some ways that I can improve myself as a learner for the new
activities?
To improve myself I will ____________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________

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Page PAGE 1 Q1_STE_Research_I_ Module 1_Types of Scientific Research
Reflect Assess Apply
Answers may vary. A.
1. based on classification of research
1. C 2. basic
2. D 3. applied
3. B 4. qualitative
5. decision-oriented
4. A 6. numerical
5. C 7. field
6. B 8. library
7. C 9. controlled/artificial
10. primary
8. D
9. A
10. B B. 1. Laboratory research, because
the samples are collected in the
11. A
site subject to analysis in a
12. A controlled condition
13. C 2. Yes, the researcher himself is the
14. A data gathering instrument because
15. D he’s the one whom will participate,
observe, take note, interview, and
gather essential data needed in the
study.
C. Answers may vary depending
upon the learners’ chosen topic.
Engage cont… Engage Learn
Activity 1.3 Quantitative vs Activity 1.1 Crossword Puzzle Activity 1. Activity 2
Qualitative Arrange Me!
1.Qualitative DOWN ACROSS Let’s Make a
2.Quantitative Much!
1. laboratory 1. library
3.Qualitative 1. D 4
2. secondary 3. research
4.Qualitative 2. F 3
4. qualitative 6. primary
5.Quantitative 3. C 6
5. applied 9. quantitative
4. G 5
7. field 10. development
Note: 5. A 2
8. pure
Research questions will be 6. E 1
considered as quantitative if 7. B
Activity 1.2 Where Do I
the data will be interpreted
Belong?
through numerical, while Activity 3 Picture Analysis
1. D
qualitative if it is interpreted A. Answers may vary
through descriptive words. 2. D
depending upon the learner’s
3. B interest.
4. B B.
5. A 1. library
6. A 2. rice field
7. A 3. laboratory
Answer Key
References
Books
Baraceros, Esther L. Practical Research I. First Edition. Rex Book Store, 2016.
Calmorin, Laurentina P. Research and Statistics with Computer. Rex Book Store.
Manila, 2010.
Journals and Periodicals

Krehbeil, Diane. Acetic Acid Content of Vinegar, 2014.

https//www.odinity.com/acetic-acid-vinegar/. Accessed February 25, 2021.

Merano, Vanjo. The Truth about Philippine Mangoes, 2011.

https//www.termpaperwarehouse.com/essay/-on/Mangoes-In-The-
Philippines/235709. Accessed February 25, 2021.

Pinsirodom, Praphan, Jedsadaporn Rungcharoen and Apiwat Liumminful. Quality of

commercial wine vinegars evaluated on the basis of total polyphenol content
and antioxidant properties.As. j. Food Ag-Ind. 2010, 3(04), 389-397, 2010.
Pooja Saha, Soumitra Banerjee. Optimization of process parameters for Vinegar
Production using Banana Fermentation. IJRET: International Journal of
Research in Engineering and Technology eISSN: 2319-1163 │pISSN: 2321 –
7308, 2013.

Yusuf O. Raji, Mohammed Jibril, Idris M. Misau and Baba Y. Danjuma. Production
of Vinegar from Pineapple Peel . International Journal of Advanced Scientific
Research and Technology Issue 2, Volume 3 (June-2012).

Unpublished Materials

Camingao, Reysel T., et. al. “Acceptability of Banna Peelings as Burger”. Business
Plan. 2015.

Dagohoy, Jenett T. “Water Quality Evaluation of Marabong River, Burauen, Leyte:

Implication to Environmental Management”. Master’s Degree Thesis. Eastern
Visayas State University. 2015

De Freitas Borghi D., Guirardello R., Cardozo Flho L. “Storage logistics fruits and
vegetables: effect of temperature”. Chemical Engineering Transactions, 17,
951-956 2009.

Meniano, Erica Mae C. “Plant and Fish Diversity of Lake Mahagnao in Mahagnao
Volcano Natural Park, Burauen, Leyte”. Masters Thesis, EVSU Tacloban.
2021.

Nerja, Eduard A. “Historical Evolution and Development of Computer” . Library

Research Paper. 2002.
Ratilla, Dianne C. “Growth & Yield of Container – Grown Upland Kangkong (Ipomea
reptans Poiret) as Infulenced by Different Levels of Vermicast”., B.S. thesis.
College of Agriculture, VSU Visca Baybay, Leyte. 2008.

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Yamagishi, K.; Kimura, T; Kameyama. M; Nagta, T. and Kikuchi, Y. Purification and
identification of blood fluidity improvement brewed rice vinegar . J. Japan
soc. Ed. Sci. Technol, 45:545-549, 1998.
ONLINE SOURCES
Helmenstine, Anne Marie. Six Steps of Scientific Method. Accesses May 2020.
https://www.thought.com/steps-of-the-scientific-method-p2-606045, 2020.
“Qualitative versus Quantitative Research” Accessed December 27, 2020.
http://wilderdom.com/research?\QualitativeVErsusQuantitativeResearch.h
tml

“Mahagnao National Park” Accessed December 27, 2020

http://www.manilachannel.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/02/Mahagnao-
Park-Burauen.jpg

https://wanderingcha.wordpress.com/2012/05/29/rt/. Accessed January 20,

2021.

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For inquiries or feedback, please write or call:

Department of Education – Regional Office VIII – Curriculum and Learning

Management Division (CLMD) - Learning Resources Management Section (LRMS)

Government Center, Candahug, Palo, Leyte, 6501

Telefax: (053) 323-3156; 323-3854; 824-4627

Email Address: *region8@deped.gov.ph

*clmd.region8@deped.gov.ph
*lrmds.region8@deped.gov.ph