INTRODUCTION

 Hyderabad is a city and the capital of Hyderabad Division in the Sindh province
of Pakistan.
 It is the second-largest city in Sindh and the eighth largest in Pakistan.
 The city was founded in 1768 by Mian Ghulam Shah Kalhoro of the Kalhora
Dynasty.
 Hyderabad served as a provincial capital until the British transferred the capital to
Bombay presidency in 1840.
 It is located about 150 kilometers (93 miles) inland of Karachi, the largest city in
Pakistan.
 Hyderabad is connected to Karachi by a direct railway and the M-9 motorway.

In this journey, we'll explore Hyderabad's captivating past, discovering the echoes of its heritage in the
modern cityscape. Hyderabad offers a unique blend of tradition and contemporary life from its
architectural landmarks to its vibrant cultural tapestry. Join us as we delve into the heart of this dynamic
and welcoming city, the second-largest in Sindh, and uncover the stories it has to share.

LOCAL ARCHITECTURE
 Hyderabad's local architecture is designed to combat the harsh climate.
 Traditional buildings use mud bricks to stay cool in summer and warm in winter.
 Wind-catchers are common for bringing in cool breezes.
 Homes often have inward-facing courtyards for privacy.
 Elaborate homes feature decorative elements like jharoka balconies and
ornamented doorways.
 Colonial-era buildings in Saddar incorporate balconies and decorative columns.
 Stained glass windows are characteristic of this era.
 Wealthy residents used windows as a status symbol.
 Some buildings have balconies and painted facades.

TRANSPORTATION
Road:
  M-9 motorway connects Hyderabad to Karachi (136 km).
 Future connection to Sukkur and onwards via the China-Pakistan Economic
Corridor.
 Linked to the N5 Route from Karachi to Torkham (1,819 km).

Rail:

 Hyderabad Junction is the main rail station.

 Pakistan Railways provides passenger services.
 Trains connect Hyderabad to cities like Sialkot, Peshawar, Karachi, and more.

Air:

 Hyderabad Airport no longer serves commercial flights (services suspended in

2013).
 Travelers now use Karachi's Jinnah International Airport.

SPORT
 Niaz Stadium in Hyderabad has a seating capacity of 15,000 and has been the
home ground for the Hyderabad cricket team since 1961.
 It gained fame for Pakistani bowler Jalal-ud-Din's historic hat-trick, the first-ever
taken in a one-day match in 1982.
 Hyderabad also boasts a hockey stadium.
 The city has a sports club called "Sindh Sports Board Hyderabad Club" aimed at
promoting sports activities.

BAZAR
 Hyderabad is a major bangle producer.
 Shahi Bazaar is a historic market extending from Pakko Qilo Fort to Naval Rai
Clock Tower, offering souvenirs, handicrafts, jewelry, and more.
 Resham Gali Bazaar specializes in women's clothing and jewelry.
 New Hala Handicrafts at City Gate offers quality Sindh handicrafts, including Ajrak
and Sindhi caps at affordable prices.

HERITAGE
 Pakka Qila (Hyderabad Fort): Historic fort built during the 17th century, now in
deteriorating condition.
 Kacha Qila (Weak Fort): Another fort constructed in 1768 with unbaked clay
bricks, also in poor condition.
  Rani Bagh (Hyderabad Zoo): A recreation spot with a zoo, lawns, and eateries,
though the zoo is run-down.
 Institute of Sindhology Museum: Located at the University of Sindh, it showcases
Sindhi history, culture, and heritage.
 Sindh Museum: Large museum displaying items from various periods in Sindh's
history.
 Tomb of Mian Ghulam Nabi Kalhoro: Beautiful tomb of a Kalhora ruler with
decorative tiles.
 Tombs of Talpur Mirs: Impressive royal tombs of the ruling Talpur dynasty.
 Navalrai Market Clock Tower: An impressive British-built tower overlooking Shahi
Bazaar.

ART
Painting:

 Deccani style painting originated in the 16th century in and around

Hyderabad.
 It combines native styles with foreign techniques and shares similarities
with neighboring Vijayanagara paintings.
 Deccani paintings often feature the extensive use of luminous, gold, and
white colors.
 These paintings frequently depict nature with backgrounds of floral and
fauna due to Islamic influence in the sultanate.
 Regional landscapes and culture play a major role in Deccani paintings,
and they sometimes illustrate historical events of the region.

Handicraft:

 Bidri ware, a fine art metal handicraft, was popularized in Hyderabad

during the Asif Jahi era in the 18th century.
 Hyderabad and neighboring Bidar are major centers for Bidriware
production, and it holds a Geographical Indication (GI) status in India.
 Kalamkari, an ancient handicraft originating 3000 years ago in
Machilipatnam, Andhra Pradesh, is also popular in Hyderabad.
DRESS