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Applications of statistical Riemann and Lebesgue integrability of sequence of

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Article in The Journal of Nonlinear Sciences and Applications · March 2023

DOI: 10.22436/jnsa.016.01.03

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Kuldip Raj Sonali Sharma

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 J. Nonlinear Sci. Appl., 16 (2023), 30–40
ISSN: 2008-1898

Journal Homepage: www.isr-publications.com/jnsa

Applications of statistical Riemann and Lebesgue integrabil-

ity of sequence of functions

Kuldip Raj, Sonali Sharma

School of Mathematics, Shri Mata Vaishno Devi University, Katra-182320, J & K, India.

Abstract
In the present work, we propose to investigate statistical Riemann integrability, statistical Riemann summability, statistical
Lebesgue integrability and statistical Lebesgue summability by means of deferred Nörlund and deferred Riesz mean. We discuss
some fundamental theorems connecting these concepts with examples. As an application to our newly formed sequences, we
introduce Korovkin-type approximation theorems with relevant example for positive linear operators by using Meyer-König and
Zeller operators to exhibit the effectiveness of our findings.

Keywords: Statistical convergence, Riemann integral, Lebesgue integral, deferred Riesz, deferred Nörlund mean,
Korovkin-type approximation theorem.
2020 MSC: 40A05, 40A30, 40G15.
©2023 All rights reserved.

1. Introduction and preliminaries

The perception of statistical convergence for a real sequence was established by Fast [4] and Stienhauss
[22] independently. Later, it was restudied by Schoenberg [18]. Further, statistical convergence was
investigated by sequence space point of view and summability theory by Connor [2], Fridy [5], Salat [16]
and many others. For advance developments in the field of statistical convergence and their equivalent
topics, one should refer to [6, 10, 11, 13, 19]. Consider K ⊂ N, be such that

Km = {n : n 6 m and n ∈ K}.

The natural density d(K) is given as

|Km |
d(K) = lim = a,
m→∞ m

where a is finite real number and |Km | denotes the cardinality of the enclosed set. A sequence (zm ) is
said to be statistically convergent to z0 if, for every  > 0,

K = {n : n ∈ N and |zn − z0 | > }

Email addresses: kuldipraj68@gmail.com (Kuldip Raj), sonalisharma8082@gmail.com (Sonali Sharma)

doi: 10.22436/jnsa.016.01.03
Received: 2022-12-23 Revised: 2023-03-01 Accepted: 2023-03-05
K. Raj, S. Sharma, J. Nonlinear Sci. Appl., 16 (2023), 30–40 31

has zero natural density which implies

|K |
d(K ) = lim = 0.
m→∞ m

We may write it as
S lim zm = z0 .
m→∞

Consider L = [p1 , p2 ] ⊂ R (set of all real numbers) be a closed and bounded interval. A finite collection
of points P = {l0 , l1 , l2 , . . . , lm } is called a partition of [p1 , p2 ], where

p1 = l0 < l1 < l2 < · · · < lm = p2 .

The interval [p1 , p2 ] is classified into subintervals as:

L1 = [l0 , l1 ], L2 = [l1 , l2 ], . . . , Lm = [lm−1 , lm ].

Let γk be any arbitrary point from every subintervals (L)mk=1 . These points are called tags and the subin-
tervals linked with these tags are known as tagged partition of L. It is written as

I = {([lk−1 , lk ; γk ]) and k = 1, 2, · · · , m}.

A sequence of functions (gm )m∈N s.t. gm : [p1 , p2 ] → R linked with the tagged partition I, the Riemann
sum δ(gm , I) is defined as
X
m
δ(gm , I) = g(γk )(lk − lk−1 ).
k=1

A sequence (gm ) of functions is Riemann integrable (R.I.) to a function g over [p1 , p2 ] if for every  > 0,
∃ ν > 0 s.t.

|δ(gm , I) − g| < ,

where I denotes the tagged partition of [p1 , p2 ] and kIk < ν. Consider a finite measurable space (Z, Σ, ρ)
and (gm ) be the sequence of m.f. (measurable functions) with

X
m
gm = ck χ C k ,
k=1

where Ck = [α : gm (α) = ck ] and (ck ) are different values of (gm ). Then, Lebesgue integral (L.I.) of (gm )
w.r.t. measure ρ is given as
Z Xm
gm dρ = ck ρ(Ck ).
Z k=1

The sequence (gm ) of m.f. is said to be L.I. to a m.f. g if for every  > 0, we have
R
Z gm dρ − g < .

We may write it as gm ∈ L(Z, ρ). To know more about statistical Riemann integral and statistical Lebesgue
integral, see [7, 20].
Assume that (rm ) and (sm ) be sequences of non-negative integers satisfying the following criteria:
(i) rm < sm , (∀ m ∈ N);
(ii) limm→∞ sm = ∞.
K. Raj, S. Sharma, J. Nonlinear Sci. Appl., 16 (2023), 30–40 32

Now, suppose (um ) and (vm ) are two sequences of non-negative real numbers s.t.

X
sm X
sm
Um = uj and Vm = vj .
j=rm +1 j=rm +1

The convolution of the above sequences is defined as:

X
sm
Pm = (U ∗ V)m = uk vsm −k .
k=rm +1

Then, the deferred Nörlund mean ωm is defined as

1 X
sm
ωm = usm −j vj zj .
Pm
j=rm +1

To know more about deferred Nörlund mean, see [3, 21]. Suppose {qm } be the sequence of non-negative
real numbers and
Xsm
ϑm = qj ,
j=rm +1

where the sequences {rm } and {sm } satisfy above conditions (i) and (ii). Then, deferred Riesz mean tm is
defined as
1 X
sm
tm = q j zj .
ϑm
j=rm +1

For detailed study on deferred Riesz mean see [15]. Now, we define the product of deferred Riesz mean
and deferred Nörlund mean as follows:

1 X
sm
ψm = (ωt)m = usm −j vj qj zj .
P m ϑm
j=rm +1

Also, the sequence {ψm } is said to be summable to z if

lim ψm = z.
m→∞

A sequence {zm } is said to be deferred Nörlund and deferred Riesz statistically convergent to z if ∀  > 0,
the set
{m : m 6 Pm ϑm and usm −j vj qj |zm − z| > }
has natural density zero, i.e.,

1
lim |{m : m 6 Pm ϑm and usm −j vj qj |zm − z| > }| = 0.
m→∞ P m ϑm
It is written as S − lim zm = z or zm → z (ψm -statistically convergent) as m → ∞.
Essentially motivated by the above mentioned investigations, here we investigate and study the con-
cept of statistical version of Riemann summability, Riemann integrability, Lebesgue integrability and
Lebesgue summability by means of deferred Nörlund and deferred Riesz mean. First, we discuss some
fundamental theorems connecting these concepts with examples. As an application, we introduce Korovkin-
type approximation theorems by means of deferred Nörlund and deferred Riesz mean with algebraic test
functions and present example to illustrate the findings.
Throughout the text we represent SMF as sequence of measurable finctions.
K. Raj, S. Sharma, J. Nonlinear Sci. Appl., 16 (2023), 30–40 33

2. Riemann integrability via deferred Nörlund and deferred Riesz mean

Here, we define the Riemann sum of a sequence of functions δ(gm , I) by using deferred Nörlund and
deferred Riesz summability mean of the form as

1 X
sm
K(δ(gm , I)) = usm −i vi qi δ(gi , I). (2.1)
P m ϑm
i=rm +1

We now discuss some definitions related to statistical Riemann integrability and statistical Riemann
summability by means of deferred Nörlund and deferred Riesz mean (D(NR)).

Definition 2.1. A sequence of functions (gm )m∈N is known as deferred Nörlund and deferred Riesz
statistical Riemann integrable to g on [p1 , p2 ], if ∀  > 0, ∃ ν > 0, and a tagged partition I of [p1 , p2 ] with
kIk < ν such that
n : n 6 Pm ϑm and usm −n vn qn |δ(gn , I) − g| > 

has zero natural density, i.e., ∀ > 0,

1
lim n : n 6 Pm ϑm and usm −n vn qn |δ(gn , I) − g| >  = 0.
m→∞ P m ϑm

It can be written as
D(NR)RS lim δ(gm , I) = g.
m→∞

Definition 2.2. A sequence of functions (gm )m∈N is known as deferred Nörlund and deferred Riesz
statistically Riemann summable to g on [p1 , p2 ], if ∀  > 0, ∃ ν > 0, and a tagged partition I of [p1 , p2 ] with
kIk < ν,
n : n 6 Pm ϑm and K|δ(gm , I) − g| > 

has zero natural density, i.e., ∀ > 0,

1
lim n : n 6 Pm ϑm and K|δ(gm , I) − g| >  = 0.
m→∞ m

It can be written as SD(NR)R limm→∞ δ(gm , I) = g.

Theorem 2.3. If a sequence (gm )m∈N of functions is deferred Nörlund and deferred Riesz integrable to g on
[p1 , p2 ], then it is deferred Nörlund and deferred Riesz statistical Riemann summable to g on [p1 , p2 ].

Proof. As (gm )m∈N is deferred Nörlund and deferred Riesz statistically Riemann integrable to g on
[p1 , p2 ], by Definition 2.1, we have

1
lim n : n 6 Pm ϑm and usm −n vn qn |δ(gn , I) − g| >  = 0.
m→∞ Pm ϑm

Now, we consider the following two sets

E= n : n 6 Pm ϑm and usm −n vn qn |δ(gn , I) − g| > 

and

Ec = n : n 6 Pm ϑm and usm −n vn qn |δ(gn , I) − g| <  .

K. Raj, S. Sharma, J. Nonlinear Sci. Appl., 16 (2023), 30–40 34

Then, we have
1 X
sm
K(δ(gm , I)) − g = usm −i vi qi δ(gi , I) − g
P m ϑm
i=rm +1

1 X
sm
1 X
sm
6 usm −i vi qi [δ(gi , I) − g] + usm −i vi qi g − g
P m ϑm P m ϑm
i=rm +1 i=rm +1

1 X
sm
1 X
sm
6 usm −i vi qi δ(gi , I) − g + usm −i vi qi δ(gi , I) − g
Pm ϑm Pm ϑm
i=rm +1 i=rm +1
(n∈E) (n∈Ec )

1 X
sm
1 1
+ |g| usm −i vi qi − 1 6 |E| + |Ec |.
P m ϑm P m ϑm Pm ϑm
i=rm +1

This implies that K(δ(gm , I)) − g < . Thus, the (gm ) is deferred Nörlund and deferred Riesz statistical
Riemann summable.
Converse of the above result is not true. Let us prove this by an example.
Example 2.4. Suppose rm = 4m, sm = 2m, usm −i = 2m, vi = 1, qi = 1 and suppose gm : [0, 1] → R be
the function of the form
0, (z ∈ Q ∩ [0, 1]; if m is even),
gm (z) =
1, (z ∈ R − Q ∩ [0, 1]; if m is odd).
The given sequence of functions (gm ) shows that it is neither Riemann integrable nor deferred Nörlund
and deferred Riesz statistical Riemann integrable. But from (2.1), we have

1 X
sm
1 X
4m
1
K(δ(gm , I)) = usm −i vi qi δ(gi , I) = δ(gi , I) = .
P m ϑm 2m × 2m 2
i=rm +1 i=2m+1

Therefore, (gm ) has deferred Nörlund and deferred Riesz Riemann sum 12 corresponding to tagged par-
tition I. So, (gm ) is deferred Nörlund and deferred Riesz Riemann summable. But it is not deferred
Nörlund and deferred Riesz statistical Riemann integrable.

3. Lebesgue integrability via deferred Nörlund and deferred Riesz mean

Now, let us present Lebesgue sum by means of deferred Nörlund and deferred Riesz summability
mean for sequence of m.f. (gn ) as

1 X
sm
W(L(Z, ρ)) = usm −i vi qi ci ρ(Ci ). (3.1)
Pm ϑm
i=rm +1

Definition 3.1. A SMF (gn )n∈N is known as deferred Nörlund and deferred Riesz statistically L.I. to m.f.
g on Z, if ∀  > 0,
n : n 6 Pm ϑm and usm −n vn qn cn ρ(Cn ) − g > 

has zero natural density, i.e., ∀ > 0,

1
lim n : n 6 Pm ϑm and usm −n vn qn cn ρ(Cn ) − g >  = 0.
m→∞ Pm ϑm

It can be written as
D(NR)LS lim gm = g.
m→∞
K. Raj, S. Sharma, J. Nonlinear Sci. Appl., 16 (2023), 30–40 35

Definition 3.2. A SMF (gm )m∈N is known as deferred Nörlund and deferred Riesz statistically Lebesgue
summable to m.f. g on Z, if ∀  > 0,

n : n 6 m and |W(L(Z, ρ)) − g| > 

has zero natural density, i.e., ∀ > 0,

1
lim n : n 6 m and |W(L(Z, ρ)) − g| >  = 0.
m→∞ m

It can be written as
SD(NR)L lim gm = g.
m→∞

Theorem 3.3. If a sequence (gm )m∈N of m.f. is deferred Nörlund and deferred Riesz statistically L.I. to measurable
g on Z, then it is deferred Nörlund and deferred Riesz statistical Lebesgue summable to same m.f. g on Z.

Proof. As (gm )m∈N is deferred Nörlund and deferred Riesz statistically L.I. to g over Z, by Definition 3.1,

1
lim n : n 6 Pm ϑm and usm −n vn qn cn ρ(Cn ) − g >  = 0.
m→∞ Pm ϑm

Now, we consider the following two sets

F= n : n 6 Pm ϑm and usm −n vn qn cn ρ(Cn ) − g > 

and

Fc = n : n 6 Pm ϑm and usm −n vn qn cn ρ(Cn ) − g <  .

Thus, we have

X
sm
W(L(Z, ρ)) − g = Pm ϑm usm −i vi qi (ci ρ(Ci )) − g
i=rm +1

1 Xsm
1 X
sm
6 usm −i vi qi [(ci ρ(Ci )) − g] + usm −i vi qi g − g
Pm ϑm P m ϑm
i=rm +1 i=rm +1

1 X
sm
1 X
sm
6 usm −i vi qi (ci ρ(Ci )) − g + usm −i vi qi (ci ρ(Ci )) − g
P m ϑm Pm ϑm
i=rm +1 i=rm +1
(n∈F) (n∈F c )

1 X
sm
1 1
+ |g| usm −i vi qi − 1 6 | |F| + | |Fc |.
Pm ϑm P m ϑm P m ϑm
i=rm +1

Thus, W(L(Z, ρ)) − g < . Hence the (gm ) of measurable function is deferred Nörlund and deferred
Riesz statistical Lebesgue summable to measurable function g on Z.

To show the converse of the above result is not true we present an example.
K. Raj, S. Sharma, J. Nonlinear Sci. Appl., 16 (2023), 30–40 36

Example 3.4. Consider sm = 4m, rm = 2m, usm −i = 2m, qi = 1, vi = 1, s = 1 and suppose gm : [0, 1] → R
be the function of the form
0, (if m is even),
gm (z) =
1, (if m is odd),
where z ∈ [0, 1]. The given sequence of functions (gm ) shows that it is neither Lebesgue integrable nor
deferred Nörlund and deferred Riesz statistical Lebesgue integrable. But from equation (3.1), we have

1 X
sm
1 X
4m
1
W(L(Z, ρ)) = usm −i vi qi (ci ρ(Ci )) = ci ρ(Ci ) = .
P m ϑm 2m × 2m 2
i=rm +1 i=2m+1

1
Therefore, (gm ) has deferred Nörlund and deferred Riesz Lebesgue sum 4m . So, (gm ) is deferred Nörlund
and deferred Riesz statistical Lebesgue summable. But it is not deferred Nörlund and deferred Riesz
statistical Lebesgue integrable.

4. Korovkin-type approximation theorems

Korovkin-type approximation theorems have been investigated by many mathematicians under var-
ious fields such as function spaces, Banach spaces, and so on. Recently, Mohiuddine and Alamri [8]
studied Korovkin and Voronovskaya-type approximation theorems. For detailed study on Korovkin ap-
proximation theorem one may refer to [9, 12, 14, 17]. By C[0, 1], we mean the space of all real valued
continuous functions on [0,1]. The space C[0, 1] is a Banach space with the norm

||g||∞ = sup |g(τ)|, ∀ g ∈ C[0, 1].

τ∈[0,1]

Assume that F : C[0, 1] → C[0, 1] is a positive linear operator (PLO), that is, F(g) > 0 whenever g > 0. By
F(g; τ) we represent the value of Fg at a point τ.
Theorem 4.1. Suppose Fl (l ∈ N) be a sequence of PLOs from C[0, 1] into itself. Then, ∀ g ∈ C[0, 1],

D(NR)RS lim kFl (g; τ) − g(τ)k∞ = 0 (4.1)

l→∞

iff
D(NR)RS lim kFl (gi ; τ) − gi (τ)k∞ = 0, (4.2)
l→∞
where
g0 (τ) = 1, g1 (τ) = τ, and g2 (τ) = τ2 .
Proof. The condition (4.1) implies (4.2) by using the factor that each of the functions gi (τ) = τe ∈
C[0, 1] (e = 0, 1, 2) is continuous. Assume that (4.2) holds and suppose g ∈ C[0, 1], then ∃ a constant
G, s.t.,
|g(τ)| 6 G (∀ τ ∈ [0, 1]),
which implies
|g(s) − g(τ)| 6 2G (∀ τ, s ∈ [0, 1]).
For given  > 0, ∃ δ > 0, s.t.,
|g(s) − g(τ)| < , (4.3)
whenever
|s − τ| < β.
Choose ψ = ψ(s, τ) = (s − τ)2 . If |s − τ| > δ, then
2G
|g(s) − g(τ)| < ψ(s, τ). (4.4)
β2
K. Raj, S. Sharma, J. Nonlinear Sci. Appl., 16 (2023), 30–40 37

From (4.3) and (4.4), we get

2G 2G 2G
|g(s) − g(τ)| <  + ψ(s, τ), − − ψ(s, τ) 6 g(s) − g(τ) 6  + 2 ψ(s, τ).
β2 β 2 β
By the monotonicity and linearity of the operator Fl (1, τ), we have
2G 2G
Fl (1, τ)(− − 2
ψ(s, τ)) 6 Fl (1, τ)[g(s) − g(τ)] 6 Fl (1, τ)( + 2 ψ(s, τ)).
β β
Suppose that τ is fixed, so g(τ) is a constant number. Thus, we have
2G 2G
−Fl (1, τ) − 2
Fl (ψ, τ) 6 Fl (g, τ) − g(τ)Fl (1, τ) 6 Fl (1, τ) + 2 Fl (ψ, τ).
β β
But
Fl (g, τ) − g(τ) = [Fl (g, τ) − g(τ)Fl (1, τ)] + g(τ)[Fl (1, τ) − 1]
gives
2G
Fl (g, τ) − g(τ) < Fl (1, τ) + Fl (ψ, τ) + g(τ)[Fl (1, τ) − 1]. (4.5)
β2
Next, we estimate Fl (ψ, τ) as

Fl (ψ, τ) = Fl ((s − τ)2 , τ) = Fl (s2 − 2τs + τ2 , τ)

= Fl (s2 , τ) − 2τFl (s, τ) + τ2 Fl (1, τ) = [Fl (s2 , τ) − τ2 ] − 2τ[Fl (s, τ) − τ] + τ2 [Fl (1, τ) − 1].

From (4.5), we have

2G
Fl (g, τ) − g(τ) < Fl (1, τ) + [Fl (s2 , τ) − τ2 ] − 2τ[Fl (s, τ) − τ] + τ2 [Fl (1, τ) − 1] + g(τ)[Fl (1, τ) − 1]
β2
2G
= [Fl (1, τ) − 1] +  + 2 [Fl (s2 , τ) − τ2 ] − 2τ[Fl (s, τ) − τ] + τ2 [Fl (1, τ) − 1]
β
+ g(τ)[Fl (1, τ) − 1].

Then,
2G 4G 2G
|Fl (g, τ) − g(τ)| 6  + ( + 2
+ G)|Fl (1, τ) − 1| + 2 |Fl (s, τ) − τ| + 2 |Fl (s2 , τ) − τ2 |
β β β
6  + D(|Fl (1, τ) − 1| + |Fl (s, τ) − τ| + |Fl (s , τ) − τ |),
2 2

where
2G 2G 4G
D = max  + 2
+ G, 2 , 2 .
β β β
Now, for given λ > 0, ∃  > 0 s.t. 0 <  < λ. Then, by setting

Φw (τ, λ) = w : w 6 Pm ϑm and usm −n vn qn |Fl (g, τ) − g(τ)| > λ

and
λ−
Φe,w (τ, λ) = w : w 6 Pm ϑm and usm −n vn qn |Fl (ge , τ) − ge (τ)| > ,
3G
for e = 0, 1, 2, so we get
X
2
Φw (τ, λ) 6 Φe,w (τ, λ).
e=0
K. Raj, S. Sharma, J. Nonlinear Sci. Appl., 16 (2023), 30–40 38

Thus, we have
||Φw (τ, λ)||C[0,1] X2
||Φe,w (τ, λ)||C[0,1]
6 . (4.6)
P m ϑm P m ϑm
e=0
By using Definition 2.1 and the assumption about the implication in (4.2), the right side of (4.6) approaches
to zero as m → ∞. Hence,
||Φw (τ, λ)||C[0,1]
lim = 0, (λ > 0).
m→∞ P m ϑm
Therefore, (4.1) holds true.

Theorem 4.2. Suppose Fl (l ∈ N) be a sequence of PLOs from C[0, 1] into itself. Then, ∀ g ∈ C[0, 1],
SD(NR)R lim kFl (g; τ) − g(τ)k∞ = 0
l→∞

iff
SD(NR)R lim kFl (ge ; τ) − ge (τ)k∞ = 0,
l→∞
where
g0 (τ) = 1, g1 (τ) = τ, and g2 (τ) = τ2 .
Proof. This theorem can be proved in the similar manner as done in Theorem 4.1. Therefore, we prefer to
skip the details.

Next, we present an example in support of above theorems.

Example 4.3. Consider the Meyer-König and Zeller operators [1] Mσ (g; τ) on C[0, 1] is defined as
∞ 
X  
j σ+j j
Mσ (g; τ) = g τ (1 − τ)σ−j (τ ∈ [0, 1]).
j+σ+1 j
j=0

Now, we define an operator Fσ : C[0, 1] → C[0, 1] by

Fσ (g; τ) = [1 + gσ (τ)]τ(1 + τD)Mσ (g; τ), g ∈ C[0, 1], (4.7)
where the sequence (gn (τ)) of functions are described as in Example 2.4. Now,
Fσ (g0 ; τ) = [1 + gσ (τ)]τ(1 + τD)g0 (τ) = [1 + gσ (τ)]τ,
Fσ (g1 ; τ) = [1 + gσ (τ)]τ(1 + τD)g1 (τ) = [1 + gσ (u)]τ(1 + τ),
and
 
σ+2 τ
Fσ (g2 ; τ) = [1 + gσ (τ)]τ(1 + τD) g2 (τ) +
σ+1 σ+1
     
2 σ+2 1 σ+2
= [1 + gσ (τ)] τ τ+2 + 2τ .
σ+1 σ+1 σ+1
Consequently, we have
SD(NR)R lim kFσ (ge ; τ) − ge (τ)k∞ = 0,
σ→∞
∀ e = 0, 1, 2. Hence by Theorem 4.1, we have
SD(NR)R lim kFσ (g; τ) − g(τ)k∞ = 0,
σ→∞

∀ g ∈ C[0, 1]. The sequence (gm ) of functions described in Example 2.4 is deferred Nörlund and deferred
Riesz statistical Riemann summable, but not deferred Nörlund and deferred Riesz statistical Riemann
integrable. Thus, our proposed operators given by (4.7) satisfy Theorem 4.2. However, it does not work
for Theorem 4.1.
K. Raj, S. Sharma, J. Nonlinear Sci. Appl., 16 (2023), 30–40 39

Theorem 4.4. Suppose Fl (l ∈ N) be a sequence of PLOs from C[0, 1] into itself. Then for all g ∈ C[0, 1],

D(NR)LS lim kFl (g; τ) − g(τ)k∞ = 0

l→∞

iff
D(NR)LS lim kFl (ge ; τ) − ge (τ)k∞ = 0,
l→∞

where
g0 (τ) = 1, g1 (τ) = τ, and g2 (τ) = τ2 .

Proof. This theorem can be proved in the similar manner as done in Theorem 4.1. Therefore, we prefer to
skip the details.

Theorem 4.5. Suppose Fl (l ∈ N) be a sequence of PLOs from C[0, 1] into itself. Then, ∀ g ∈ C[0, 1],

SD(NR)L lim kFl (g; τ) − g(τ)k∞ = 0

l→∞

iff
SD(NR)L lim kFl (ge ; τ) − ge (τ)k∞ = 0,
l→∞

where
g0 (τ) = 1, g1 (τ) = τ, and g2 (τ) = τ2 .

Proof. This theorem can be proved in the similar manner as done in Theorem 4.1. Therefore, we prefer to
skip the details.

5. Conclusion

In this article, firstly we present the concept of the deferred Nörlund and deferred Riesz statistically
Riemann integral, deferred Nörlund and deferred Riesz statistically Lebesgue integral. Further, with the
help of certain examples we established some implication relations among them. Finally as an applica-
tion upon our proposed method, we proved Korovkin-type approximation theorems with algebraic test
functions. The results presented in this article not only generalize the earlier works done by several
mathematicians but also give a new outlook concerning the evolution of Korovkin-type approximation
theorem. As a future work one can study the concept of deferred Cesàro and deferred Euler statistically
Riemann integral for sequence of real valued functions.

Acknowledgment

The corresponding author thanks the Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), India for
partial support under Grant No. 25(0288)/18/EMR-II, dated 24/05/2018.

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