Quarter 2 Lesson 1: Current Trends of Media and popular alternative for those whose life situations make them
whose life situations make them unable to
Information
Create multiple choice question on the discussion below with one
remembering question, one understanding, one applying, one analyzing,
one evaluating and one creating. give answer key
Massive Open Online Course
Media as one of the fastest means in educating people continue to
flourish and innovate. A known example is the Massive Open Online
Course, or MOOC. An online course that offers open access via the
Internet for free or at a low cost. With the continuous growth of media,
modernization is anywhere, learning becomes more accessible. In her
work, “What’s A MOOC? History, Principles, and Characteristics”,
Amanda Rollins, 2018 emphasized that the technical pillar of MOOCs is
related to distance learning where ideological principal talks about
“Education for All”. The first MOOCs date back to 2008 with online
courses by David Wiley, Utah State University and Alex Couros,
University of Regina. The term Massive Open Online Course was used
for the first time by George Siemens” Connectivism and Connective
knowledge”(CCKO8)course.
MOOC respects certain technical specifications and four characteristics:
1. Using web formats
2. Collaborative learning
3. Assessing knowledge
4. Time limits
In addition, MOOC offers university-level courses without the need to
complete an entire programme of studies, and are becoming increasingly
popular. They offer a large number of students the opportunity to study
high-quality courses online with prestigious universities, often at no cost.
They are ideal for independent study and users can select courses from
any institution offering them. MOOCs do not always lead to formal
qualifications. There are no entry requirements.
The following information provided on the next page illustrates how
advances in technology affect people’s lives and interests in the field of
education.
Moreover, an article by E-Learning Guide on Media and Information
Literacy, titled “The Current and Future Trends of Media and Information”
discusses the following.
Massive Open Online Content and its Implications
Massive Open Online Content (MOOC) is defined by Edu cause as a
model for delivering learning content online to any person who wants to
take a course, with no limit on attendance. It can be characterized by the
following:
a. A revolutionary approach to education that veers away from the
physical to the virtual.
b. A kind of learning that happens online, breaking the norm of traditional
schools or universities for higher education.
c. Utilizes information technologies like analytics to help instructors gauge
their student’s learning.
d. Emphasis on connectedness.
The Implications
1. By taking learning into virtual space, attendance is no longer a
determining factor in one’s education. This makes MOOC learning a
References: MIL Second Quarter SOCCSKSARGEN Region Modules
attend regular schools.
2. Managing MOOC is relatively cheaper than running educational
institutions. By taking out the experiences of Universities – which are
passed down to students in exorbitant fees- MOOC addresses the high
cost of education.
3. Analytic provides information about the learning process of students.
Through the use of data collected through analytic, MOOC provides a
means to improve learning.
4. Since it focuses on connectedness as part of the learning process,
MOOC allows education to take place on a global scale. Connecting
learners and instructors all over the world to one another to maximize
education.
Wearable technology is seen to be the up and coming technology of the
future.
Wearable technologies today are smart watches. These watches are
worn as a typical wristwatch but do more than just tell time. Modern smart
watches perform the same functions as smart phones.
Smart watches as a wearable are developed for convenience, but its
inability to function as an independent gadget puts it at a distinct
disadvantage.
Another example is Fitness tracker. It is derived from smart watches in
form and physical design but serves health applications. Fitness trackers
aim to promote health and wellness among its enthusiasts, unfortunately,
issues in their accuracy have been raised in several reviews.
Virtual Reality (VR) wearable technology is gradually growing in
popularity among enthusiasts. Oculus, a high-end VR headsets intended
for entertainment has been released to the public on March 28, 2016.
This wearable technology takes users to computer generated worlds and
let them experience it as if they were actually there.
Oculus have so far received positive reviews among users. However,
concerns were raised about VR technology’s potential to cause a total
disconnect from the physical world.
The Concept of 3D Environment
3D or three dimensional in its literal sense refers to anything that has
width, height, and depth. The physical world is an example of a 3D
environment. The concept of 3D environment is explored to mimic the
physical world in media. Films are among the most common media
offerings that incorporates 3D. 3D films make objects in their material
appear solid to the audience through the illusion of perception. Earlier 3D
motion pictures require audience to glasses with red and blue lenses.
Another notable development is 3D printing. This technology brings digital
data and design to the physical world literally. The concept of 3D bio-
printing or 2D printing, using human materials like tissue ad bones to
create organs or body parts that can be theoretically translated to an
actual human body aims to solve that.
The Paperless society
The paperless society is a society where communication is done
electronically and all forms of printed communication have become
obsolete. It is characterized by the shift from letters to e-mails,
newspapers to news web pages, books to e-books, and so on.
Ubiquitous learning
Ubiquitous learning is common in the age of information. Since the
information in the digital age can be accessed by anyone, at any given
time and place, ubiquitous or an ever-present type learning of learning is
possible.
Quarter 2 Lesson 2: Media and Information Literate
MEDIA LITERACY AND ITS IMPACT
“Media and Information Literacy recognizes the primary
role of media in everyday lives. It lies at the core of freedom
of expression and information- since it empowers citizens to
understand the functions of media and other information
providers to critically evaluate their content, and to make
informed decisions as users and producers of information
and media content.” (UNESCO) With the flooding
information that technology offers, weighing the validity,
accuracy, and reliability become a burden to an individual
who doesn’t know how to use it
Who are media literate individuals?
From the framework of Aufderheide (1992 as cited in
Koltay, 2011): A media literate person can decode, evaluate,
analyze and produce both print and electronic media.
Emphases in media literacy training range widely, including
informed citizenship, aesthetic appreciation and expression,
social advocacy, self-esteem, and consumer competence. In
other words, media literate individual cannot only use media
platforms but, able to analyze and evaluate
information that was taken from it. Being able to evaluate
media information leads an individual to explore the use of
technologies in various fields such as businesses, commerce,
and communications. The use of technologies in promoting
these economic aspects creates an impact on media users
and most especially to society.
The components of Media and Information Literate to an
Individual are the following:
a. Improved quality of life (PERSONAL/EDUCATIONAL)
- Doing research have become very convenient
- Communication has been made easier
- Information has become widely accessible
GPS (GLOBAL POSITIONING SYSYTEM) - space-based
satellite navigation system that provides location and time
information in all-weather condition.
b. Greater political participation
- Media serve the people by informing public about subject
they need or they want
- Informing the public of the political affairs in the country
Encourage the public to take more active role in the
government
c. Better economic opportunities
- Influx of media offerings has led to the creation of more
jobs in the
media.
- New jobs like social media managers or multimedia
specialists have been created
References: MIL Second Quarter SOCCSKSARGEN Region Modules
d. Improvement learning environment
- Source of information
- Made learning a choice
- Social Learning Environment
- Equips learners with the tools necessary to collaborate and
participate with teachers and peers both inside the classroom
and beyond the walls of the
school.
e. More cohesive social unit
- Social technologies are changing the way we collaborate
and communicate with each other.
- Media may play a hand towards holistic development of
the society
Quarter 2 Lesson 3: Text Media and Information
Text refers to a simple and flexible format of presenting
information or conveying ideas whether hand-written,
printed, or displayed on-screen. It is available in different
sources whether formal or informal. Formal text-based are
created and distributed by established institutions and go
through a rigorous process of editing or evaluation. Informal
text-based on the other hand, come from personal opinions
or views on different issues.
Text media are publications that disseminate information
through media products such as newspapers, flyers, books,
magazines, tarpaulins, advertisements, television, banners,
websites, and posters. Furthermore, design elements and
principles in text media are effective means of conveying a
message.
These design principles and elements are as follows:
a. Emphasis - refers to the importance or value given to a
part of the text based content.
b. Appropriateness - refers to how fitting or suitable the text
is used for a specific audience, purpose, or event.
c. Proximity - refers to how near or how far are the text
elements from each other.
d. Alignment - refers to how the text is positioned on the
page. This can be left, right, center or justified.
e. Organization - refers to a conscious effort to organize the
different text
elements on a page.
f. Repetition - concerns consistency of elements and the
unity of the entire
design.
g. Contrast - creates visual interest to text elements. Contrast
is achieved
when two elements are different from each other
In our exposure to text media and information, we can either
be a consumer or a producer of content. As a consumer,
these are the questions that you need to ask with regards to
the content of text media and information:
• Who or what institution is sending this message?
• What techniques are used to attract and hold attention?
• What is the language used by the writer?
• What views are represented? Are they balanced?
• How might the message be interpreted in different ways?
• What is omitted, slurred, or added in the message?
As a producer of text media and information, we need to
review the media and
information design framework: target audience, author, or
sender, key content, purpose, form/style, and format.
Text as visual
a. Typeface (also called font, font type, or type) refers to the
representation or style of a text in the digital format.
b. A typeface is usually comprised of alphabets, numbers,
punctuation marks,
symbols and other special characters. When fonts are
installed in the computer, they usually come in file formats
such as True Type Font
c. In the absence of images or drawings, the text is the
easiest way of communicating to your audience. The use of
various font types can express different emotions or
meanings.
Types of Typefaces:
1.Serif
2.Sans Serif
3.Slab Serif
4.Script
5.Decorative
Quarter 2 Lesson 4: Visual Media and Information
Visual media and information refers to materials, programs,
applications and the like that teachers and students use to
formulate new information to aid learning through the use,
analysis, evaluation and production of visual images. There
are different types of visual media – photography, video,
screen shots, infographics, data visualization (charts and
graphs), comic strips/cartoons, memes, visual note-taking,
etc. Visual media are either formally or informally
produced. Visual media produced by formal organizations
such as schools, government, and established
media/publishing outfits are considered formally produced.
Other visual media are considered informally produced.
Its primary purpose is to gain attention, create meaning, and
facilitate retention. Visual media is consist of visual design
elements. Visual design elements refers to the building
blocks or basic units in the construction of a visual image.
The Design Elements are:
a. Line - describes a shape or outline. It can create texture
and can be thick or thin. Lines may be actual, implied,
vertical, horizontal, diagonal, or contour lines.
References: MIL Second Quarter SOCCSKSARGEN Region Modules
b. Shape - usually a geometric area that stands out from the
space next to or around it, or because of differences in value,
color, or texture. Shape may also be organic.
c. Value - the degree of light and dark in a design. It is the
contrast between black and white and all the tones in
between.
d. Texture - the way a surface feels or is perceived to feel.
Texture can be added to attract or repel interest to a visual
element. Visual texture is the illusion of the surfaces peaks
and valleys, resulting in a feeling of smoothness
or roughness in objects.
e. Color - determined by its hue (name of color), intensity
(purity of the hue), and value (lightness or darkness of hue).
Color and color combination can play a large role in the
design. Color may be used for emphasis, or may elicit
emotions from viewers. Color maybe warm, cool, or neutral.
Color combination also plays a major role in creating
aesthetic appeal. Essential Colour Guide for Designers:
Understanding Colour Theory presented the following:
The Colour Wheel
The colour wheel – or colour circle – is a basic but
completely essential tool for combining colours and is
designed in such a way that virtually any colours you pick
from it will look beautiful together.
Primary, Secondary & Tertiary Colours
In traditional colour theory, primary colours are the three
pigment colours – red, yellow and blue – that can be mixed
together to form any combination of other colours. Which
means all other colours are derived from these three hues.
Green, orange and purple make up the secondary colours –
formed by mixing the primary. While tertiary colours are
created by combining primary
and secondary colours, for example yellow-orange,
redorange, red-purple, blue-purple, blue-green and
yellowgreen. And because you mix primary and secondary
colours, that's why tertiary colours get their two word
names.
Warm colours – red, orange, yellow and variations of these
three colours – are vibrant and full of energy.
Cool colours – green, blue and violet – offer calm and
tranquility, and they're often more subdued than warm
colours. White, black and grey – on the other hand – are
considered to be neutral.
Tints, Shades and Tones
Simply put – tints, shades and tones are basic colour
concepts where you can either: make a colour lighter by
adding white – the resulting colour is a tint;
make a colour darker by adding black – the darker version is
known as a shade;
add grey to create a completely different tone.
Colour Harmony
1. Complementary
Complementary colours are those that lie opposite each
other on the colour wheel. Red and green are
complementary colours, as are red-purple and yellowgreen.
These high contrast combinations create a vibrant look and
must be handled with care. They're certainly tricky to use in
large doses, but can be very effective for making certain
elements stand out.
2. Analogous
Analogous colours lie next to each other on the colour
wheel. They typically combine beautifully and create
appealing schemes for your designs. In fact, analogous are
often found in nature and are always harmonious and
pleasing on the eye. Just make sure you have enough
contrast in your chosen analogous scheme, i.e. use one
dominant colour, the second as a support and the third as an
accent.
3. Triad
Triadic colours are those that are evenly spaced out around
the colour wheel, as though you're looking at an equilateral
triangle. These colour combinations tend to be quite vibrant,
even if you opt for paler versions of your hues. Similar to
analogous, it's important to achieve harmony and balance
between the three colours that you choose – so one
dominant, while the other two should be
accents.
4. Split-Complementary
A variation of the complementary colour scheme, the split-
complementary technique takes a base colour and then uses
the two adjacent colours as its complement. Again, this
scheme delivers high contrast combinations but they're not
considered to be as harsh.
5. Rectangle
With the rectangle, or tetradic colour scheme – you'll use
four colours arranged into two complementary pairs,
creating rich and beautiful combinations. Just make sure you
let one colour be dominant. And pay close attention to the
balance between warm and cool colours for your designs.
6. Square
The square colour scheme is similar to the rectangle,
however this time, you've got all four colours evenly spaced
around the colour wheel. Just like the rectangle scheme,
you've got to allow one colour to play the dominant role.
And watch out for the harmony between warm and cool
colours and secondary colours, for example yellow-orange,
redorange, red-purple, blue-purple, blue-green and
yellowgreen. And because you mix primary and secondary
colours, that's why tertiary colours get their two word
names.
Warm colours – red, orange, yellow and variations of these
three colours – are vibrant and full of energy. Cool colours –
green, blue and violet – offer calm and tranquility, and
they're often more subdued than warm colours.
White, black and grey – on the other hand – are considered
to be neutral.
Tints, Shades and Tones Simply put – tints, shades and
tones are basic colour
References: MIL Second Quarter SOCCSKSARGEN Region Modules
concepts where you can either: make a colour lighter by
adding white – the resulting colour is a tint; make a colour
darker by adding black – the darker version is known as a
shade; add grey to create a completely different tone.
Colour Harmony
1. Complementary
Complementary colours are those that lie opposite each
other on the colour wheel. Red and green are
complementary colours, as are red-purple and yellowgreen.
These high contrast combinations create a vibrant look and
must be handled with care. They're certainly tricky to use in
large doses, but can be very effective for making certain
elements stand out
2. Analogous
Analogous colours lie next to each other on the colour
wheel. They typically combine beautifully and create
appealing schemes for your designs. In fact, analogous are
often found in nature and are always harmonious and
pleasing on the eye. Just make sure you have enough
contrast in your chosen analogous scheme, i.e. use one
dominant colour, the second as a support and the third as an
accent.
3. Triad
Triadic colours are those that are evenly spaced out around
the colour wheel, as though you're looking at an equilateral
triangle. These colour combinations tend to be quite vibrant,
even if you opt for paler versions of your hues. Similar to
analogous, it's important to achieve harmony and balance
between the three colours that you choose – so one
dominant, while the other two should be accents.
4. Split-Complementary
A variation of the complementary colour scheme, the split-
complementary technique takes a base colour and then uses
the two adjacent colours as its complement. Again, this
scheme delivers high contrast combinations but they're not
considered to be as harsh.
5. Rectangle
With the rectangle, or tetradic colour scheme – you'll use
four colours arranged into two complementary pairs,
creating rich and beautiful combinations. Just make sure you
let one colour be dominant. And pay close attention to the
balance between warm and cool colours for your designs.
6. Square
The square colour scheme is similar to the rectangle,
however this time, you've got all four colours evenly spaced
around the colour wheel. Just like the rectangle scheme,
you've got to allow one colour to play the dominant role.
And watch out for the harmony between warm and cool
colours
f. Form
a figure having volume and thickness. An illusion of a 3-
dimensional object can be implied with the use of light and
shading. Form can be viewed from many angles.
In addition, visual design principles are also of equal
importance in portraying an effective message. The
principles include consistency of design, balance, harmony,
contrast, rhythm, perspective and center of interest
Visual Design Principles are:
Consistency
Consistency of margins, typeface, type style, and colors is
necessary, especially in slide presentations or documents
that are more than one page.
Center of interest
an area that first attracts attention in a composition. This
area is more important when compared to the other objects
or elements in a composition. This can be by contrast of
values, more colors, and placement in the format.
Balance
a feeling of visual equality in shape, form, value, color, etc.
Balance can be symmetrical and evenly balanced, or
asymmetrical and unevenly balanced. Objects, values,
colors, textures, shapes, forms, etc. can be used in creating
balance in a composition. Harmony brings together a
composition with similar units.
Contrast
offers some change in value creating a visual discord in a
composition. Contrast shows the difference between shapes
and can be used as a background to bring objects out and
forward in a design. It can also be used
to create an area of emphasis
Directional Movement
a visual flow through the composition. It can be the
suggestion of motion in a design as you move from object to
object by way of placement and position.
Rhythm
a movement in which some elements recur regularly. Like a
dance, it will have a flow of objects that will seem to be like
the beat of music.
Perspective
created through the arrangement of objects in two
dimensional space to look like they appear in real life.
Perspective is a learned meaning of the relationship between
different objects seen in space.
Elements and Principles
a. Line – describes a shape or outline. It can create texture
and can be thick or thin. Lines may be actual, implied,
vertical, horizontal, diagonal, or contour lines.
b. Shape – usually a geometric area that stands out from the
space next to or around it, or because of differences in
value, color, or texture. Shape may also be organic.
c. Value – the degree of light and dark in a design. It is the
contrast between black and white and all the tones in
between. Value can be used with color as well as black and
white. Contrast is the extreme changes between values.
d. Texture – the way a surface feels or is perceived to feel.
Texture can be added to attract or repel interest to a visual
element. Visual texture is the illusion of the surfaces peaks
and valleys, resulting in a feeling of smoothness or
roughness in objects.
References: MIL Second Quarter SOCCSKSARGEN Region Modules
e. Color – determined by its hue (name of color), intensity
(purity of the hue), and value (lightness or darkness of hue).
Color and color combination can play a large role in the
design. Color may be used for emphasis, or may elicit
emotions from viewers. Color maybe warm, cool, or neutral.
It plays a major role in our visual perception, as it influences
our reactions about the world around us. It is therefore
important to create color palettes that evoke the appropriate
audience reactions. Color has three properties.
f. Form – a figure having volume and thickness. An illusion
of a 3-dimensional object can be implied with the use of
light and shading. Form can be viewed from many angles
Visual Design Principles
a. Consistency of margins, typeface, typestyle, and colors is
necessary,
especially in slide presentations or documents that are more
than one page.
b. Center of interest – an area that first attracts attention in a
composition. Thisarea is more important when compared to
the other objects or elements in a composition. This can be
by contrast of values, more colors, and placement in the
format.
c. Balance – a feeling of visual equality in shape, form,
value, color, etc. Balance can be symmetrical and evenly
balanced, or asymmetrical and un evenly balanced. Objects,
values, colors, textures, shapes, forms, etc. can be
used in creating balance in a composition.
d. Harmony – brings together a composition with similar
units. If for example your composition was using wavy lines
and organic shapes, you would stay with those types of lines
and not put in just one geometric shape. (Notice how similar
Harmony is to Unity - some sources list both terms).
e. Contrast – offers some change in value creating a visual
discord in a composition. Contrast shows the difference
between shapes and can be used
as a background to bring objects out and forward in a
design. It can also be used to create an area of emphasis.
f. Directional Movement – a visual flow through the
composition. It can be the
suggestion of motion in a design as you move from object to
object by way of placement and position. Directional
movement can be created with a value pattern. It is with the
placement of dark and light areas that you can move your
attention through the format.
g. Rhythm – a movement in which some elements recur
regularly. Like a dance,
it will have a flow of objects that will seem to be like the
beat of music.
h. Perspective – created through the arrangement of objects
in twodimensional space to look like they appear in real life.
Perspective is a learned meaning of the relationship between
different objects seen in space.
Common Visual Media File Types
1. The JPEG format is virtually synonymous with digital
photography. This is owed to the fact that the standard
offers what basically is an unlimited color palette. Best
for: Photographs and graphics that involve gradients or
other broad color ranges. Avoid it for: Logos and line
drawings.
2. The oldest of the three, GIF images have been around
since the late 1980s. The compression format is lossless,
which means that you can save the file over and over and
the quality won’t degrade. These are strong advantages to
the standard, as a GIF file takes up significantly less space
than an uncompressed image while not sacrificing quality.
Best for: Logos, simple graphics, animations and video
clips where image quality isn’t a high priority. Avoid it
for: Saving photos, printed documents or graphics that
need a large color palette.
3. Youngest of the image formats, the PNG standard is a
bit of a mixed bag. It’s not a format that you’ll use all the
time, but it does have its uses. Best for: (PNG-8)
Situations where you might otherwise use a GIF but don’t
need it to animate, or when you need better transparency
functionality than a GIF. Avoid it for: (PNG-8) Anything
that needs animation or where file sizes need to be
minimized. Best for: (PNG-24) High-resolution or high-
contrast
images that will ultimately make their way to print, or
similar images for web use that require transparency.
Avoid it for: (PNG-24) Photos that will be hosted on the
web.
Quarter 2 Lesson 5: Motion Media and Information
There is no universally adopted definition of motion
media. Motion media in essence is visual media that gives
the appearance of movement. It can be a collection of
graphics, footage, videos. It is combined with audio, text
and/or interactive content to create multimedia.
In motion media, each picture is a frame and that motion
is created by rendering or showing consecutively several
frames per second. Twenty-four (24) frames per second
makes for a smooth animation. The series of graphics or
images follow a sequence to create a story. This sequence
is called a storyboard.
Motion media can be produced formally and informally.
Informally produced motion media are created by
individuals often for personal use. Formally produced
motion media are created by professionals.
It also includes formats, types and sources.
According to format
- Animations- animated gifs (Graphic Interchange
Format), Flash, Shockwave, Dynamic HTML
- Video formats/Video Codecs – motion media use large
resources. Codecs compresses and decompresses video
References: MIL Second Quarter SOCCSKSARGEN Region Modules
files. Examples are H.26N series, Quicktime, DivX, MPG,
MP4
According to purpose
- education, entertainment, advertising
According to source
- personal, social media, media companies
According to audience
- private or public; directed or general
Basic methods on determining the credibility of motion
media:
- Validity of information – Is it peer reviewed and
verifiable
- Source - Primary or secondary source? Does the video
capture the actual event or does it simply present
information learned about an event
- Relationship of the author to the event – Does he have
firsthand knowledge
- Technical methods of detecting tampering/fake video:
• Smoothness of video – This is often detected
when movements are not smooth; when action seems to
jump from one position to another, as if some action was
missing
• Lighting coverage matches - One way to detect
lighting matches is to look at the shadows; the source of
light determines the size and direction of the shadow
• Scale and size consistent- scale refers to how the
size of the objects in reference to one another are near the
real thing. If the picture is reduced or enlarged by a certain
percent then all of the objects should be resized by that
percent. Objects that are far away are usually smaller than
objects that are nearer.
Advantages of motion media and information:
• It captures motion in a manner that can be viewed
repeatedly
• It can show processes in detail and in sequence
• Simulations allow for safe observation
• It can cut across different cultures and groups
• It allows scenes, history, events and phenomenon to be
recreated
• It enables learning with emotions
Limitations of motion media and information:
• Compared to other forms of visual media, the viewer
cannot always interrupt the presentation.
• It is often times more costly than other forms of visual
media.
• Other data may be presented best using still images.
Examples are graphs, diagrams, maps.
• It is subject to misinterpretation

Design principles of motion media and information
revolve around the following essential elements:
• Speed can be constant or variable. The tone of the
movement can be highlighted by the speed coupled with
music. A fast movement gives vigor and vitality,
intensifying emotions. A slow movement connotes
lethargy, solemnity or sadness.
• Direction can indicate a movement from one direction to
another. It can also refer to the growing or shrinking of an
object. As objects move, the background must remain in
scale with the object.
• Motion Path refers to the route that the object will take.
It shows the change in direction of a movement. It is
important to note the triggers to the change in direction of
an object. These triggers are often key objects or events in
a story.
• Timing can be objective or subjective. Objective timing
can be measured in minutes, seconds, days, etc. Subjective
timing is psychological or felt. Objective timing is used to
produce subjective timing. Timing can be used to clarify
or intensify the message or the event. Using a pause can
help time the events.
These elements when used with other forms of media and
information such as audio, visual and people media create
movement that convey different emotions, impact and
results.
Design principles in creating movement.
• Speed, direction and timing should depict natural laws of
physics. This included trajectories, impact on objects and
reactions of the environment.
• Timing affects recall. Fast movement sends much
information Slow movement provides emphasis and
lasting recall.
• Transitions are used to switch between scenes. Having a
clear start and finish in your motion path or scenes. Using
neutral colors at the start or end of a scene is a good
method for creating the right mindset.
• Sound and color adds depth and meaning to movement.
• Cartooning your graphic and text provides dynamic
movement. This can be done by using the following
movements: stretching, rotating, squashing
• Blurring can be used in different ways. In animation,
blurring can provide the illusion of fast movement. In
videos, it is often used to censor information for security
or decency.
• Always review the purpose of the movement. Movement
is not added for the sake of it.
Quarter 2 Lesson 6: Manipulative/Interactive Media
and Information
Interactive Media is a method of communication in which
the program's outputs depend on the user's inputs, and the
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user's inputs in turn affect the program's outputs.
Interactive media engage the user and interact with him or
her in a way that non-interactive media do not. Websites
and video games are two common types of interactive
media. Interactive websites refer to an Internet page that
uses different kinds of software to create a interaction
between users and its content.
Interactivity refers to the communication process that
takes place between humans and computer software. The
most constant form of interactivity is typically found in
games, which need a continuous form of interactivity with
the gamer. Database applications and other financial,
engineering and trading applications are also typically
very interactive.(Definition taken from Investopedia). One
area where interactivity is most useful is in online
training. Interactivities in this area allow learners to
interact with the course in terms of action and/or thinking.
Interactive media platform includes the following:
Mobile apps - a software application developed
specifically for use on
small, wireless computing devices such as smart phones
and tablets, rather than desktop or laptop computers.
3D TV - a television display technology that enables a
threedimensional effect, so that viewers perceive that an
image has depth as well as height and width, similar to
objects in the real world.
Video games - (multi-player) a game played by
electronically manipulating images produced by a
computer program on a television screen or other display
screen. Multi player games allow two or more players to
play with one another or play together.
Role-playing games - (RPG) a game in which players
assume the roles of characters in a fictional setting.
Players take responsibility for acting out these roles within
a narrative, either through literal acting or through a
process of structured decision-making or character
development Massively
Multiplayer Online
Role Playing Game (MMORPG) - any story-driven online
video game in which a player, taking on the persona of a
character in a virtual or fantasy world, interacts with a
large number of other players. Interactive websites
(pools, surveys, exam)
Virtual reality and immersive environments the computer-
generated simulation of a three dimensional image or
environment that can be interacted with in a seemingly
real or physical way by a person using special
electronic equipment, such as a helmet with a screen
inside or gloves fitted with sensors.
Social media websites or online services where users
(actual people) are
the creators and consumers of the content, and where Furthermore, another concept related to Interactive media
social interactions is the Manipulative Media. In an article of Manipulative
(commenting, liking, posting, talking) are the main Media by Tabura, M., Robles, R., et al. The following
features of content. Examples are Facebook, Twitter, concepts were discussed.
Instagram, Snapchat, Vine, etc.
WHAT IS MANIPULATIVE MEDIA?
Ways of interacting with the Internet: MANIPULATIVE MEDIA
a. Online shopping - compare prices; compare features of —Manipulatives in the context of education are physical
similar items; add to cart; choose payment type; track tools of teaching, engaging students visually and
delivery; get advice from experts; search products; check physically with objects such as coins, blocks, puzzles,
local availability; get product recommendations. markers,etc.
b. Online gaming - choose a game; play with computer; —The use of manipulatives is constructivist because
play with others; choose a level, in-game, customization, students are actively engaged in discovery during the
etc learning process. A teacher provides the materials along
c. Online classes - interact with content; interact with with a basic directions, but students should be allowed to
instructors; interact explore the materials and ask questions before and during
with classmates. the lesson”
d. Chat group - chat; search groups; search friends;
translate language. TYPES OF MANIPULATIVE MEDIA
e. News and information - exchange information; give TRADITIONAL MANIPULATIVE MEDIA
reaction; news on demand; monitor views. —Traditional Manipulative Media is actually being used
f. Videos - choose your own adventure; get multimedia in certain schools, wherein they use different materials
content; experience game elements. that the students can use to have a hands-on experience
regarding the lesson.
Types of interactivity and their purposes: VIRTUAL AND DIGITAL MANIPULATIVE MEDIA
a. Click on images —With the dawn of the digital age, education should keep
b. Hotspot - a special region to act as a trigger to another up with the interests of the 21st century learners. And in
web page. The hotspot could be a circle, triangle, order to do so, education have been merged with
rectangle or polygon. technology in such a way that students can learn more
c. Rollover - an image or portion of an image that changes with the aid of these devices.
in appearance when the mouse cursor moves over it.
d. Tabs - clicking on them displays a relevant content with
an appropriate graphic. ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF
e. Timeline - a menu slide that branches to different MANIPULATIVE MEDIA
events. TRADITIONAL MANIPULATIVE MEDIA
f. Numbers/processes - the number of clicks and the time ADVANTAGE
spent in an interactive function provide data points. -Hands on learning
g. Slideshow - non-linear interactive slideshow where the -Increase confidence & motivation for learning type
pathway through the show is determined by the user's learning
interaction with it. -Opportunity for collaboration
h. Frequently asked questions (FAQs) -Multisensory
i. Flip cards - a card that when clicked flips to display a -Variation in learning
description and other information. DISADVANTAGE
-Not available for everyone
Emerging interactive media: -Dis interest on discussion
Interactive television also known as ITV or iTV. A form -Expensive
of media convergence, adding data services to traditional
television technology. Throughout its history, these have VIRTUAL AND DIGITAL MANIPULATIVE MEDIA
included on-demand delivery of content, as well as new ADVANTAGE
uses such as online shopping, banking, and so forth. ITV -Hands on learning
enables the viewer to issue commands and give feedback -Increase confidence & motivation for learning
information through an electronic device called a setup -Plenty of resources
box. The viewer can select which program or movie to -Engaging
watch, at what time, and can place orders in response to -Attention grabber
commercials. New setup boxes also allow access to email -Flexible and easy access
and e-commerce applications via the internet. -No clean up needed
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DISADVANTAGE
-Not available for everyone
-Distraction
-Dependence on them
Quarter 2 Lesson 7: Multimedia Information and
Media
“Multimedia means that computer information can be
represented through audio, video, and animation in
addition to traditional media. If we divide the multimedia
into its component part, we will get multi-meaning more
than one, and media - meaning form of communication. A
field concerned with the computer-controlled integration
of text, graphics, drawings, still and moving images
(video), animation, audio, and any other media where
every type of information can be represented, stored,
transmitted, and processed digitally”. (Dave Marshall,
2001)Multimedia and Information is comprised of various
elements as follows:
Elements of Multimedia
1. Text
2. Audio
3. Video
4. Animation
5. Image
The above mentioned elements are classified into Static
and Dynamic Media.
Web Development & Technology Resources published an
article by Amy Lee,
titled “Dynamic and Static Media: What’s the
Difference?” reports the following:
There are two categories of media based on the way in
which content is displayed on a website:
Static media—this refers to content that doesn’t change.
For example, an
advertisement in a newspaper or magazine is static,
because it remains as printed. It will be the same every
time we view it. Static media can also refer to those parts
of your website that rarely change. It may include landing
pages, homepages and white papers.
Dynamic media—content that is constantly updated and is
interactive. It appears on websites, online forums and
social media feed. A website is considered dynamic when
it is frequently updated or changed. Dynamic media can
facilitate interaction between users and a business or
product. Social networking websites like Facebook and
Twitter all use dynamic media to gain feedback from their
users so they can improve their experience and make them
spend more time on their applications and websites.
The advantages and disadvantages of Static media
Pros:
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Easy to create. Static media is created once and publish to
multiple channels. It does not need any maintenance. Easy
to control. People who view static media can’t change it.
All they can do is share it or comment about it. This is an
advantage for websites representing regulated industries
who must review and approve all the content they publish.
Focused message. Static media is good for sending
messages to your customers, or for presenting ads. This
includes content that conveys a focused and consistent
message.
Cons:
Boring. Static media may be good enough for your
website first-time visitors. Returning visitors will be bored
with seeing the same page again, and your site quickly.
No interaction. Here is rarely interaction between the user
and the website when media is static. Not mobile-friendly.
Static media like long texts or PDF files are difficult to
view on a mobile screen.
The advantages and disadvantages of Dynamic media
Pros:
Personalized experience. This is with dynamic media,
personalized content
adjusted to your user’s online behavior will encourage
repeat visits and subscribers. Website promotion. Search
engines, like Google, will promote websites with fresh
and dynamic content. Flexibility. A dynamic media which
customized the website content according to the user’s
device.
Interactive. It is a website using dynamic media which
responds to user behavior by presenting multimedia
content, including video and audio, that is relevant to their
interests.
Cons:
Higher costs. Dynamic media has costs related to the need
to continuously produce high-quality media content.
Organizational changes. Switching from static media to
dynamic media requires organizational change. Requires
analysis tools. When dynamic media is used, you will
need to monitor your website activity to optimize it for
conversion rates. Furthermore, Multimedia system has
four characteristics:
- Multimedia systems must be computer-controlled
- Multimedia systems are integrated
- The information they handle must be presented digitally
- The interface to the final presentation of media is usually
interactive
In evaluating a multimedia product, two major aspects
that are of prime
importance: technology and content.
Below are selection criteria that can be used to evaluate
multimedia:
CONTENT
Target Audience
Who are the possible users?
What aspects of the users are to be considered? (persons
with disability,
language barrier, reading level, culturally-sensitive, etc.)
Sender / Author
Who is the author of this multimedia product?
How credible is the author?
Key content
What is the tone (authoritative, informative, encouraging,
enticing, etc.)
of the multimedia product?
Is the information correctly presented?
Purpose
Does it meet the objectives of the topic?
TECHNOLOGY
Form / Style
What are the elements (text, sound, images, animation,
etc.) used?
Do the elements help in conveying the message?
Do the elements follow the different principles of design?
Is it pleasing to the eyes?
Do the sound and video run smoothly together?
Medium / Format
Is the selected format commonly used?
Is it easy to use?
Does it allow the user to cancel or return to an action?
Are the instructions easy to use?
In addition, Multimedia is used in various way including
the advertisement, art, education, entertainment,
engineering, medicine, mathematics, business, and
scientific research. Study the information provided below
as to the uses, advantages, and limitations of multimedia.
Quarter 2 Lesson 8: Evaluating Creative Multimedia
Form
MULTIMEDIA FORM
As defined, multimedia is a combination of text, graphic,
audio, animation and video that is delivered interactively
to the user by electronic or digitally manipulated means.
However, other forms can also be used to present an
information such as museums, theatre and electronic
portfolio. The above mentioned forms were first used in
the 20th century as a platform of information delivered in
a creative way. As time passed by, bringing technology
allows people to experience first-hand information.
Electronic portfolio (E-portfolio) is a record of things that
the owner has done over a period of time. (UNESCO,
2011). CLEMSON University published an article titled
“The What, Why and How of ePortfolios” (2020), which
states the following:
An ePortfolio is a collection of work (evidence) in an
electronic format that showcases learning over time.
An ePortfoloio may contain all or some of the following:
Files of various formats (text, pictures, video, etc.)
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Evidence related to courses taken, programs of study, etc.
Writing samples (which might include several drafts to
show development and improvement)
Projects prepared for class or extracurricular activities
Evidence of creativity and performance
Evidence of extracurricular or co-curricular activities,
including examples of leadership
Evaluations, analysis and recommendations
Types of ePortfolios
Showcase/Professional ePortfolios — These ePortfolios
are primarily a way to demonstrate (showcase) the
highlights of a student’s academic career.
Learning ePortfolios — These portfolios are typically
created by a student as part of a course as a way to
demonstrate learning and the learning process. These
portfolios are often shared with other students to elicit
peer feedback. Learning portfolios support the idea of
formative feedback as an essential part of the learning
process.
Another creative media form in today’s time is the Digital
museum, a platform that utilizes computer and
information technology on which cultural relics and
historical collections can be preserved and displayed in
digital format.
An article titled “Media Technology and Museum
Display: A Century of Accommodation and Conflict”
(n.d) by Alison Griffiths included the following
information on digital museums. Since the mid-1980s,
electronic media have assumed an ever greater presence in
museums of science, technology, natural history, and art.
[1] For the most part, museum directors and curators have
embraced new interactive technologies for their promise
to democratize knowledge, to offer contextual information
on exhibits, and to boost museum attendance. Corporate
sponsors and donors of museum technology are interested
in new media for their own reasons; with their logos
emblazoned on interactives kiosks and published gallery
guides, corporations have been increasingly active in
sponsoring shows, specific gallery spaces, or donating
equipment.
[2] Museum visitors, especially children and young adults,
[3] have frequently responded enthusiastically to
interactive exhibits, even coming to expect them as an
integral part of the museum experience.
[4] Curators supporting the new technology argue that
interactive CD-ROM stations offers flexibility and new
solutions to the problem of representing complex ideas
and processes; as Kathleen McLean argues: "They can
activate an otherwise static exhibition with sound and
moving images; provide a variety of view points; engage
visitors in multi-layered activities; and encourage and
support interaction among people in an exhibition."
[5] Digital technologies have found a home in the modern
museum in the forms of interactive touch-screen kiosks,
CD-ROMs, computer games, large-screen installations
and videowalls with multiple images, digital orientation
centers, "smart badge" information systems, 3-D
animation, virtual reality, and increasingly sophisticated
museum web sites.
[6] Such technologies have changed the physical character
of the museum, frequently creating striking juxtapositions
between nineteenth-century monumental architecture and
the electronic glow of the twentyfirst-century computer
screen. Via the World Wide Web, the museum now
transcends the fixities of time and place, allowing virtual
visitors to wander through its perpetually deserted
galleries and interact with objects in ways previously
unimagined.

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References: MIL Second Quarter SOCCSKSARGEN Region Modules