Elementary particles

1 Which fundamental force is mediated by the exchange of photons?

A) Strong force
B) Weak force
C) Electromagnetic force
D) Gravitational force
**Answer: C) Electromagnetic force**

2 What is the antiparticle of an electron?

A) Positron
B) Proton
C) Neutrino
D) Muon
**Answer: A) Positron**
3 Which particle has spin 1/2?
A) Photon
B) Proton
C) Electron
D) Neutrino
**Answer: C) Electron**
4 Which conservation law is associated with the conservation of electric
charge?
A) Baryon number
B) Lepton number
C) Isospin
D) Electric charge
**Answer: D) Electric charge**
5 Which of the following particles is composed of three quarks?
A) Electron
B) Proton
 C) Neutrino
D) Photon
**Answer: B) Proton**

1. **Intrinsic Spin:**
Which of the following particles has spin 1/2?
A) Photon
B) Electron
C) Proton
D) Neutrino
**Answer: B) Electron**

2. **Mass:**
Which particle has the least mass?
A) Electron
B) Neutrino
C) Proton
D) Muon
**Answer: B) Neutrino**

3. **Interaction:**
Which interaction is responsible for beta decay?
A) Strong interaction
B) Weak interaction
C) Electromagnetic interaction
D) Gravitational interaction
**Answer: B) Weak interaction**

4. **Lifetime:**
Which of the following particles has the longest lifetime?
A) Neutron
B) Pion
 C) Kaon
D) Muon
**Answer: A) Neutron**

5. **Intrinsic Spin:**
What is the spin of a photon?
A) 0
B) 1/2
C) 1
D) 2
**Answer: C) 1**

6. **Mass:**
Among the following, which particle has the highest mass?
A) Electron
B) Muon
C) Neutrino
D) Proton
**Answer: D) Proton**

7. **Interaction:**
What interaction holds quarks together inside hadrons?
A) Electromagnetic
B) Weak
C) Strong
D) Gravitational
**Answer: C) Strong**

8. **Lifetime:**
Which particle has the shortest lifetime?
A) Neutrino
B) Muon
 C) Pion
D) Proton
**Answer: C) Pion**

9. **Intrinsic Spin:**
What is the intrinsic spin of a graviton?
A) 0
B) 1/2
C) 1
D) 2
**Answer: D) 2**

10. **Mass:**
Which particle has zero mass?
A) Electron
B) Neutrino
C) Photon
D) Proton
**Answer: C) Photon**

11. **Interaction:**
Which interaction is responsible for the binding of nuclei?
A) Electromagnetic interaction
B) Weak interaction
C) Gravitational interaction
D) Strong interaction
**Answer: D) Strong interaction**

12. **Lifetime:**
Which particle has a lifetime of approximately 2.2 microseconds?
A) Neutron
B) Pion
 C) Kaon
D) Lambda baryon
**Answer: B) Pion**

13. **Intrinsic Spin:**

What is the intrinsic spin of a neutrino?
A) 0
B) 1/2
C) 1
D) 2
**Answer: B) 1/2**

14. **Mass:**
Among the following, which particle has the least mass?
A) Muon
B) Neutrino
C) Electron
D) Kaon
**Answer: B) Neutrino**

15. **Interaction:**
Which interaction is responsible for the decay of the neutron?
A) Weak interaction
B) Strong interaction
C) Electromagnetic interaction
D) Gravitational interaction
**Answer: A) Weak interaction**

16. **Lifetime:**
What is the approximate lifetime of a muon?
A) 2.2 microseconds
B) 2.2 milliseconds
 C) 2.2 seconds
D) 2.2 minutes
**Answer: C) 2.2 microseconds**

17. **Intrinsic Spin:**

What is the intrinsic spin of a pion?
A) 0
B) 1/2
C) 1
D) 2
**Answer: C) 1**

18. **Mass:**
Among the following, which particle has the highest mass?
A) Electron
B) Neutrino
C) Photon
D) Proton
**Answer: D) Proton**

19. **Interaction:**
Which interaction is responsible for the radioactive decay of atomic nuclei?
A) Strong interaction
B) Weak interaction
C) Electromagnetic interaction
D) Gravitational interaction
**Answer: B) Weak interaction**

20. **Lifetime:**
Which particle has a lifetime of approximately 2.6 microseconds?
A) Neutron
B) Pion
 C) Lambda baryon
D) Muon
**Answer: D) Muon**

21. **Intrinsic Spin:**

What is the intrinsic spin of a proton?
A) 0
B) 1/2
C) 1
D) 2
**Answer: B) 1/2**

22. **Mass:**
Among the following, which particle has the mass closest to that of an
electron?
A) Muon
B) Neutrino
C) Photon
D) Positron
**Answer: D) Positron**

23. **Interaction:**
Which interaction is responsible for the binding of quarks within a proton?
A) Electromagnetic interaction
B) Weak interaction
C) Gravitational interaction
D) Strong interaction
**Answer: D) Strong interaction**

**Families of Leptons:**

1. **Leptons Definition:**
Which of the following particles belong to the lepton family?
 A) Proton
B) Neutrino
C) Pion
D) Lambda baryon
**Answer: B) Neutrino**

2. **Electron's Family:**
Which particle is the electron's heavy counterpart in the lepton family?
A) Neutrino
B) Positron
C) Muon
D) Tau
**Answer: C) Muon**

3. **Lepton Flavor Conservation:**

Which property is conserved in the decay of leptons?
A) Electric charge
B) Lepton number
C) Baryon number
D) Strangeness
**Answer: B) Lepton number**

4. **Lepton Interaction:**
Which interaction is responsible for the conversion of an electron into a
neutrino?
A) Strong interaction
B) Weak interaction
C) Electromagnetic interaction
D) Gravitational interaction
**Answer: B) Weak interaction**

5. **Lepton Stability:**
Which lepton has the longest lifetime?
 A) Electron
B) Muon
C) Tau
D) Neutrino
**Answer: D) Neutrino**

**Families of Mesons:**

6. **Meson Definition:**
What is the composition of a meson?
A) Two quarks
B) One quark and one antiquark
C) Three quarks
D) Four quarks
**Answer: B) One quark and one antiquark**

7. **Pion's Family:**
Which particle is the lightest meson?
A) Pion
B) Kaon
C) Sigma
D) D meson
**Answer: A) Pion**

8. **Meson Decay:**
Which decay process is characteristic of mesons?
A) Beta decay
B) Alpha decay
C) Strong decay
D) Weak decay
**Answer: C) Strong decay**
9. **Meson Interaction:**
Which interaction is responsible for binding quarks within mesons?
A) Electromagnetic interaction
B) Weak interaction
C) Gravitational interaction
D) Strong interaction
**Answer: D) Strong interaction**

10. **Meson Lifetimes:**

What is the typical lifetime of a meson?
A) Femtoseconds
B) Nanoseconds
C) Microseconds
D) Milliseconds
**Answer: B) Nanoseconds**

**Families of Baryons:**

11. **Baryon Definition:**

What is the composition of a baryon?
A) Two quarks
B) One quark and one antiquark
C) Three quarks
D) Four quarks
**Answer: C) Three quarks**

12. **Proton's Family:**

Which particle is the lightest baryon?
A) Proton
B) Neutron
C) Lambda
D) Sigma
 **Answer: A) Proton**

13. **Baryon Stability:**

Among the following, which baryon is the most stable?
A) Neutron
B) Proton
C) Lambda
D) Sigma
**Answer: B) Proton**

14. **Baryon Interaction:**

Which interaction is responsible for binding quarks within baryons?
A) Electromagnetic interaction
B) Weak interaction
C) Gravitational interaction
D) Strong interaction
**Answer: D) Strong interaction**

15. **Baryon Spin:**

What is the total spin of a proton?
A) 0
B) 1/2
C) 1
D) 3/2
**Answer: 1/2**

**Baryon Resonances:**

16. **Resonance Definition:**

What distinguishes a baryon resonance from a regular baryon?
A) It has a longer lifetime
B) It has a shorter lifetime
 C) It has a higher mass
D) It has a lower mass
**Answer: B) It has a shorter lifetime**

17. **Rho Meson's Family:**

Which meson is associated with baryon resonances?
A) Pion
B) Kaon
C) Rho meson
D) D meson
**Answer: C) Rho meson**

18. **Baryon Resonance Decay:**

What decay mode is typically observed in baryon resonances?
A) Beta decay
B) Strong decay
C) Weak decay
D) Electromagnetic decay
**Answer: B) Strong decay**

19. **Resonance Mass:**

Which characteristic is typical of baryon resonances compared to regular
baryons?
A) Higher mass
B) Lower mass
C) Longer lifetime
D) No charge
**Answer: A) Higher mass**

20. **Resonance Production:**

How are baryon resonances typically produced?
A) In high-energy collisions
B) In low-energy collisions
 C) Through beta decay
D) Through electromagnetic interactions
**Answer: A) In high-energy collisions**

**1. Mass-Energy:**

1. Which fundamental principle states that the total energy of an isolated

system remains constant over time?
A) Newton's Law of Gravitation
B) Conservation of Mass
C) Conservation of Energy
D) Ohm's Law
**Answer: C) Conservation of Energy**

2. According to Einstein's famous equation E=mc^2, what does 'c' represent?

A) Speed of sound
B) Speed of light
C) Speed of electrons
D) Speed of waves
**Answer: B) Speed of light**

3. What is the term for the total mass and energy in the universe remaining
constant over time?
A) Entropy
B) Conservation of Mass-Energy
C) Conservation of Angular Momentum
D) Conservation of Charge
**Answer: B) Conservation of Mass-Energy**

4. Which of the following processes violates the conservation of mass-energy?

A) Nuclear fission
B) Nuclear fusion
C) Chemical reactions
 D) Sublimation
**Answer: D) Sublimation**

5. In a nuclear reaction, the total mass of the reactants is equal to the total mass
of the:
A) Products
B) Neutrons
C) Electrons
D) Positrons
**Answer: A) Products**

6. What phenomenon occurs when a mass is converted into energy?

A) Sublimation
B) Nuclear fusion
C) Nuclear fission
D) Mass-energy equivalence
**Answer: D) Mass-energy equivalence**

7. According to the law of conservation of mass-energy, energy can neither be

created nor:
A) Released
B) Destroyed
C) Transformed
D) Absorbed
**Answer: B) Destroyed**

8. The mass defect in a nuclear reaction corresponds to the amount of mass

converted into:
A) Potential energy
B) Chemical energy
C) Kinetic energy
D) Thermal energy
**Answer: A) Potential energy**
9. Which concept relates the mass and energy of an object in motion?
A) Newton's second law
B) Einstein's relativity
C) Quantum mechanics
D) Thermodynamics
**Answer: B) Einstein's relativity**

10. The mass-energy equivalence principle was famously proposed by:

A) Isaac Newton
B) Albert Einstein
C) Stephen Hawking
D) Niels Bohr
**Answer: B) Albert Einstein**

**2. Linear Momentum:**

1. Which of the following is conserved in a collision between two isolated

objects?
A) Energy
B) Mass
C) Linear momentum
D) Angular momentum
**Answer: C) Linear momentum**

2. The product of an object's mass and its velocity is known as:

A) Angular momentum
B) Kinetic energy
C) Linear momentum
D) Gravitational force
**Answer: C) Linear momentum**
3. According to Newton's third law of motion, if object A exerts a force on object
B, then:
A) Object B exerts a force on object A of equal magnitude in the opposite
direction
B) Object B accelerates
C) Object A decelerates
D) Object A stops moving
**Answer: A) Object B exerts a force on object A of equal magnitude in the
opposite direction**

4. In the absence of external forces, the total linear momentum of a system

remains:
A) Constant
B) Increasing
C) Decreasing
D) Negative
**Answer: A) Constant**

5. Which of the following represents the conservation of linear momentum in a

collision?
A) Momentum before = Momentum after
B) Kinetic energy before = Kinetic energy after
C) Potential energy before = Potential energy after
D) Velocity before = Velocity after
**Answer: A) Momentum before = Momentum after**

6. A rocket accelerating in space demonstrates the conservation of:

A) Mass
B) Angular momentum
C) Linear momentum
D) Potential energy
**Answer: C) Linear momentum**
7. When a cannonball is fired from a cannon, the recoil of the cannon is due to
the conservation of:
A) Energy
B) Mass
C) Linear momentum
D) Angular momentum
**Answer: C) Linear momentum**

8. The principle of linear momentum conservation is applicable to both:

A) Elastic and inelastic collisions
B) Elastic collisions only
C) Inelastic collisions only
D) Perfectly elastic collisions
**Answer: A) Elastic and inelastic collisions**

9. Which of the following is a vector quantity?

A) Mass
B) Velocity
C) Temperature
D) Volume
**Answer: B) Velocity**

10. Which law states that for every action, there is an equal and opposite
reaction?
A) Newton's first law
B) Newton's second law
C) Newton's third law
D) Newton's law of gravitation
**Answer: C) Newton's third law**
**3. Angular Momentum:**

1. Angular momentum is conserved when:

A) An object is at rest
 B) No external torque acts on a system
C) An object is in motion
D) The object's mass changes
**Answer: B) No external torque acts on a system**

2. Which of the following represents the conservation of angular momentum?

A) Angular momentum before = Angular momentum after
B) Kinetic energy before = Kinetic energy after
C) Potential energy before = Potential energy after
D) Velocity before = Velocity after
**Answer: A) Angular momentum before = Angular momentum after**

3. The product of an object's moment of inertia and its angular velocity is known
as:
A) Angular acceleration
B) Torque
C) Angular momentum
D) Angular displacement
**Answer: C) Angular momentum**

4. When a spinning ice skater pulls their arms closer to their body, their angular
velocity:
A) Decreases
B) Increases
C) Remains constant
D) Reverses direction
**Answer: B) Increases**

5. Which of the following situations illustrates the conservation of angular

momentum?
A) A spinning top slows down and stops
B) A figure skater spins faster by extending their arms outward
C) A rotating fan speeds up when its blades are removed
 D) A swinging pendulum comes to rest due to friction
**Answer: B) A figure skater spins faster by extending their arms outward**

6. The principle of conservation of angular momentum is derived from:

A) Newton's first law
B) Newton's second law
C) Newton's third law
D) Newton's law of universal gravitation
**Answer: C) Newton's third law**

7. Which of the following is a measure of an object's resistance to changes in its

rotation speed?
A) Mass
B) Torque
C) Angular velocity
D) Moment of inertia
**Answer: D) Moment of inertia**

8. An object rotating about an axis tends to continue rotating unless acted upon
by an external:
A) Force
B) Torque
C) Momentum
D) Inertia
**Answer: B) Torque**

9. Which of the following affects an object's moment of inertia?

A) Mass and radius
B) Velocity and acceleration
C) Angular velocity and torque
D) Angular momentum and force
**Answer: A) Mass and radius**
10. Which law states that the angular momentum of an object remains constant
if no external torque acts upon it?
A) Newton's first law
B) Newton's second law
C) Newton's third law
D) Law of conservation of angular momentum
**Answer: D) Law of conservation of angular momentum**

**4. Electric Charge:**

1. Electric charge is a fundamental property of:

A) Mass
B) Protons and neutrons
C) Matter
D) Quarks and leptons
**Answer: D) Quarks and leptons**

2. The SI unit of electric charge is:

A) Volt
B) Ampere
C) Coulomb
D) Watt
**Answer: C) Coulomb**

3. Like charges:
A) Attract each other
B) Repel each other
C) Have no effect on each other
D) Cancel each other out
**Answer: B) Repel each other**

4. The conservation of electric charge implies that:

A) Electric charge can be created
 B) Electric charge can be destroyed
C) Electric charge is neither created nor destroyed
D) Electric charge depends on the medium
**Answer: C) Electric charge is neither created nor destroyed**

5. Which of the following particles has a negative electric charge?

A) Proton
B) Neutron
C) Electron
D) Photon
**Answer: C) Electron**

6. When an object loses electrons, it becomes:

A) Negatively charged
B) Positively charged
C) Electrically neutral
D) Ionized
**Answer: B) Positively charged**

7. Two objects are brought into contact, and then separated. If one gains
electrons, the other:
A) Gains electrons
B) Loses electrons
C) Remains unchanged
D) Loses protons
**Answer: A) Gains electrons**

8. The force between two charged objects depends on:

A) The distance between them
B) The masses of the objects
C) The temperature of the environment
D) The color of the objects
**Answer: A) The distance between them**
9. The electric force between charges follows which law?
A) Newton's first law
B) Newton's second law
C) Coulomb's law
D) Ohm's law
**Answer: C) Coulomb's law**

10. When a glass rod is rubbed with silk, the glass rod becomes positively
charged, and the silk becomes:
A) Positively charged
B) Negatively charged
C) Electrically neutral
D) Ionized
**Answer: B) Negatively charged**

**5. Baryonic Charge:**

1. What is the baryonic charge of a proton?

A) -1
B) 0
C) +1
D) 1/2
**Answer: C) +1**

2. Which of the following particles has a baryonic charge of -1?

A) Neutron
B) Electron
C) Positron
D) Photon
**Answer: A) Neutron**

3. What is the baryonic charge of an anti-neutron?

 A) -1
B) 0
C) +1
D) -1/3
**Answer: C) +1**

4. The sum of baryonic charges in a proton-neutron system is:

A) 0
B) 1
C) 2
D) -1
**Answer: B) 1**

5. In a decay process where a neutron converts into a proton, what happens to

the baryonic charge?
A) It decreases by 1
B) It increases by 1
C) It remains unchanged
D) It becomes negative
**Answer: B) It increases by 1**

**6. Leptonic Charge:**

1. Which particle has a leptonic charge of -1?

A) Electron
B) Neutrino
C) Positron
D) Photon
**Answer: A) Electron**

2. What is the leptonic charge of a neutrino?

A) -1
B) 0
 C) +1
D) 1/2
**Answer: B) 0**

3. In a beta decay process, what happens to the leptonic charge?

A) It decreases by 1
B) It increases by 1
C) It remains unchanged
D) It becomes negative
**Answer: C) It remains unchanged**

4. The sum of leptonic charges in a beta decay involving an electron and an anti-
neutrino is:
A) -1
B) 0
C) +1
D) 1/2
**Answer: A) -1**

5. Which of the following particles has a leptonic charge of +1?

A) Electron neutrino
B) Muon neutrino
C) Tau neutrino
D) Antineutrino
**Answer: D) Antineutrino**

**7. Isospin:**

1. Isospin is a quantum number that describes:

A) Charge distribution in a nucleus
B) Spin alignment of particles
C) Flavor transformation in weak interactions
D) Symmetry between protons and neutrons
 **Answer: D) Symmetry between protons and neutrons**

2. The proton and neutron form an isospin doublet with:

A) Isospin quantum number of -1/2
B) Isospin quantum number of +1/2
C) Isospin quantum number of -1
D) Isospin quantum number of +1
**Answer: B) Isospin quantum number of +1/2**

3. Isospin symmetry is more prominent in:

A) Weak interactions
B) Electromagnetic interactions
C) Strong interactions
D) Gravitational interactions
**Answer: C) Strong interactions**

4. What is the isospin of a particle with two down quarks and one up quark?
A) -1/2
B) +1/2
C) -1
D) +1
**Answer: B) +1/2**

5. Isospin conservation is analogous to:

A) Charge conservation
B) Leptonic conservation
C) Baryonic conservation
D) Energy conservation
**Answer: A) Charge conservation**

**8. Strangeness:**
1. Strangeness is a quantum number associated with:
A) Electric charge
B) Baryonic charge
C) Leptonic charge
D) Flavor of strange quarks
**Answer: D) Flavor of strange quarks**

2. What is the strangeness of a strange quark?

A) -1
B) 0
C) +1
D) 1/2
**Answer: C) +1**

3. Strangeness is conserved in which interactions?

A) Weak and electromagnetic
B) Strong and electromagnetic
C) Weak and strong
D) Gravitational and strong
**Answer: C) Weak and strong**

4. The decay of a particle with strangeness +1 into a particle with strangeness -1

violates:
A) Charge conservation
B) Baryonic conservation
C) Leptonic conservation
D) Strangeness conservation
**Answer: D) Strangeness conservation**

5. Strangeness played a crucial role in the discovery of:

A) Pions
B) Neutrons
C) Antiprotons
 D) Strange particles
**Answer: D) Strange particles**

1. **Quark Model Definition:**

What is the quark model?
A) A model describing the behavior of subatomic particles as composed of
quarks and gluons
B) A model describing the behavior of subatomic particles as composed of
protons and neutrons
C) A model describing the behavior of subatomic particles as composed of
electrons and positrons
D) A model describing the behavior of subatomic particles as composed of
photons
**Answer: A) A model describing the behavior of subatomic particles as
composed of quarks and gluons**

2. **Quark Flavor:**
How many flavors of quarks are there in the standard model?
A) 2
B) 3
C) 4
D) 6
**Answer: D) 6**

3. **Quark Charge:**
What are the possible electric charges of quarks?
A) +1/3, +2/3
B) -1/3, +1/3
C) -1, 0, +1
D) -1, +1
**Answer: B) -1/3, +1/3**
4. **Quark Confinement:**
What phenomenon prevents the isolation of individual quarks?
A) Strong nuclear force
B) Weak nuclear force
C) Electromagnetic force
D) Gravitational force
**Answer: A) Strong nuclear force**

5. **Quark Colors:**
How are quark colors represented in the theory of quantum chromodynamics
(QCD)?
A) Red, blue, yellow
B) Green, blue, purple
C) Red, green, blue
D) Orange, pink, violet
**Answer: C) Red, green, blue**

6. **Quark Antiquarks:**
Which of the following combinations is a meson?
A) Quark-antiquark
B) Quark-quark
C) Antiquark-antiquark
D) Quark-antilepton
**Answer: A) Quark-antiquark**

7. **Quark Baryons:**
What is the composition of a baryon according to the quark model?
A) Quark-antiquark
B) Three quarks
C) Three antiquarks
D) Quark-antilepton
**Answer: B) Three quarks**
8. **Quark Model Discovery:**
Who proposed the quark model?
A) Albert Einstein
B) James Clerk Maxwell
C) Murray Gell-Mann and George Zweig
D) Enrico Fermi
**Answer: C) Murray Gell-Mann and George Zweig**

1. **Antiparticle Definition:**
What is an antiparticle?
A) A particle with the same mass but opposite charge as its corresponding
particle
B) A particle with the same charge but opposite mass as its corresponding
particle
C) A particle with the same mass and charge as its corresponding particle
D) A particle with different mass and charge than its corresponding particle
**Answer: A) A particle with the same mass but opposite charge as its
corresponding particle**

2. **Antimatter Composition:**
Which of the following statements about antimatter is true?
A) Antimatter consists of particles with positive mass and negative charge.
B) Antimatter consists of particles with negative mass and positive charge.
C) Antimatter consists of particles with positive mass and positive charge.
D) Antimatter consists of particles with negative mass and negative charge.
**Answer: C) Antimatter consists of particles with positive mass and positive
charge.**

3. **Antiparticle Production:**
How are antiparticles typically produced?
A) Through beta decay
B) Through pair production
C) Through nuclear fusion
 D) Through gravitational collapse
**Answer: B) Through pair production**

4. **Antiparticle Identification:**
Which property distinguishes an antiparticle from its corresponding particle?
A) Mass
B) Charge
C) Spin
D) Color
**Answer: B) Charge**

5. **Antimatter Annihilation:**
What happens when a particle and its corresponding antiparticle meet?
A) They merge to form a larger particle.
B) They undergo beta decay.
C) They annihilate each other, producing energy.
D) They repel each other due to their opposite charges.
**Answer: C) They annihilate each other, producing energy.**

6. **Antiparticle Symbol:**
What notation is commonly used to denote an antiparticle?
A) An asterisk (*) after the particle's symbol
B) The same symbol as the particle but with a bar on top
C) The Greek letter "alpha" (α) before the particle's symbol
D) A subscript "-1" after the particle's symbol
**Answer: B) The same symbol as the particle but with a bar on top**

7. **Antiparticle Discovery:**
Who discovered the positron, the first known antiparticle?
A) Albert Einstein
B) Enrico Fermi
C) Paul Dirac
 D) Carl Anderson
**Answer: D) Carl Anderson**

8. **Antiparticle Applications:**
Which field of science explores the properties and applications of
antiparticles?
A) Cosmology
B) Particle physics
C) Chemistry
D) Genetics
**Answer: B) Particle physics**

YRS