Please do the ff. activities by group.

1. Determine the similarities and differences of the three models of Curriculum Development
Process.
Answer:
The three models of curriculum development process typically referred to are the Tyler
model, the Taba model, and the Wheeler model.
Here's a breakdown of their similarities and differences:
TYLER Model:
Similarities: Emphasizes objectives as the starting point, focuses on defining clear
objectives, selecting appropriate learning experiences, organizing the content, and
evaluating the outcomes.
Differences: Primarily linear in nature, follows a step-by-step approach of defining
objectives, selecting content, organizing learning experiences, and evaluating outcomes.
TABA Model:
Similarities: Also emphasizes the importance of starting with objectives, but places
greater emphasis on the process of curriculum development as collaborative and
cyclical.
Differences: Involves a more iterative process where teachers, students, and other
stakeholders contribute to the development of curriculum objectives, content, and
learning experiences.
WHEELER Model:
Similarities: Like the other models, it emphasizes the importance of clear objectives and
evaluation.
Differences: Emphasizes the interaction between different components of the
curriculum, such as objectives, content, teaching strategies, and assessment methods. It
also highlights the need for ongoing reflection and adjustment based on feedback and
changing contexts. In summary, while all three models share the common goal of
designing effective curriculum, they differ in their approach to the process, with
variations in emphasis on objectives, collaboration, cyclical processes, and the
interaction of different curriculum components.

2. Which phase of the curriculum process do you find very important as a teacher? Why?
Answer:
I find the "planning" phase of the curriculum process to be very important. This phase
involves setting clear learning objectives, selecting appropriate instructional methods and
materials, and designing assessments to measure student learning. Effective planning ensures
that lessons are organized, engaging, and aligned with educational standards, ultimately leading
to more successful student outcomes. In this phase, some of the questions that need to be
addressed to define the issue is being explored.
3. What philosophical, historical, psychological and sociological influences inform the current
school curriculum?
Answer:
The current school curriculum is often influenced by a blend of philosophical and
sociological perspectives. Philosophically, it may draw from educational theories such as
progressivism, which emphasizes hands-on learning and student-centered approaches, or
traditionalism, which values a structured, content-focused curriculum. Sociologically, it may
reflect societal values, economic demands, cultural diversity, and political agendas. Additionally,
concepts like critical pedagogy, multiculturalism, and social justice may influence curriculum
development, aiming to address inequities and promote inclusivity in education.

4. How do these foundations reflect the development of curriculum in our 21st century classrooms
and learning environment?
Answer:
Foundations of curriculum, including philosophical, historical, psychological, and
sociological factors, shape the development of curriculum in 21st-century classrooms and
learning environments by informing decisions on content, pedagogy, assessment, and
organizational structure. For instance: Philosophical foundations guide educators in defining
educational goals and values, such as promoting critical thinking or fostering creativity.
Historical foundations provide insights into past educational practices and their implications for
present and future curriculum design. Psychological foundations inform understanding of how
students learn and develop, leading to instructional strategies tailored to diverse learners.
Sociological foundations address societal needs and challenges, influencing curriculum content
to include global perspectives, cultural diversity, and 21st-century skills like collaboration and
digital literacy.

5. Who are the identified curricularists with these foundations?

Answer:
Curricularists are scholars who focus on the theory and practice of curriculum
development.
Some identified curricularists and their foundational approaches include:
 Ralph W. Tyler: Known for his work on the "Tyler Rationale,"
 Jerome Bruner: Bruner's work focused on the importance of structure and organization
in curriculum design.
 Hilda Taba: Taba is known for her work on curriculum development through the process
of curriculum mapping and instructional planning.
 Lawrence Stenhouse: Stenhouse emphasized the importance of teachers being actively
involved in curriculum development
These curricularists have made significant contributions to the field of education and have
influenced how educators think about and approach curriculum development.
6. Do you agree with Alvin Toffler? Why?
Answer:
I could not agree more with Alvin Toffler since knowledge should prepare the students
for the future. As the learners spent most of their time in school, it has to be for a brighter
future that they can get. The process that they’ve gone through and with the knowledge they
fed to them can actually help the learners for their future. However, it is not true that
technology is enough for them to learn in their home. Indeed, technology plays a big part in
education but learning doesn’t only evolve in technology. Communicating with peers and
experiences outside also refines them for their future.