International Scientific Conference on Medicine 2024

Increased Risk of Acute Myocardial Infarction after SARS-CoV-19 Infection

Nurgaliyeva Bayan1, Marcel Yuriyev1, Agrawal Komal1

1
Kazakh National Medical University named after S.D. Asfendiyarov, Almaty, Republic of Kazakhstan

Background. SARS-CoV-2 is associated with an increased risk of arterial and venous

thrombotic complications. The risk of developing myocardial infarction doubles after recovering
from COVID-19 within 7 days.

Aim. The aim of this study is to establish a connection between the development of acute
myocardial infarction after recovering from SARS-CoV-19.

Methods. An analysis of the medical histories of 34 patients who had experienced SARS-CoV-
19-associated pneumonia in 2020 was conducted. These patients were divided into two groups:
those without complications and those who developed acute myocardial infarction after
recovering from SARS-CoV-19-associated COVID-19 pneumonia. The medical history data
were analyzed using the easymedstat system. Correlation analysis was performed between risk
factors and the development of myocardial infarction after recovering from SARS-CoV-19-
associated pneumonia.

Results. A total of 34 patients were examined, with a median age of 65.5 years. Acute
myocardial infarction developed in 20% of those examined who had experienced SARS-CoV-2-
associated pneumonia. The median time to the development of acute myocardial infarction was
18 months. In the group of patients who developed acute myocardial infarction after recovering
from SARS-CoV-19-associated pneumonia, males predominated (71.43% vs. 28.57%).
Correlation analysis revealed a connection between gender differences and acute myocardial
infarction. A correlation was found between the percentage of lung involvement and the
development of acute myocardial infarction. The median d-dimer level was 347.15 (IQR 694.93)
in patients with acute myocardial infarction and 1.01 (IQR 353.44) in patients without
complications. The median fibrinogen level in the acute myocardial infarction group was
significantly higher than in the group without complications (4.93 vs. 3.95). Arterial
hypertension was detected in 100% of patients with acute myocardial infarction, while in the
group without complications, arterial hypertension was detected in 52%.

Conclusion. Recovering from SARS-CoV-19-associated pneumonia increases the risk of

developing acute myocardial infarction. Advanced age and male gender are predictors of
complications following SARS-CoV-19-associated pneumonia. Coexisting arterial hypertension
increases the risk for developing acute myocardial infarction in patients with SARS-CoV-19-
associated pneumonia. Elevated levels of D-dimer and CRP are predictors of acute myocardial
infarction after recovering from SARS-CoV-19 pneumonia. A relationship between the
percentage of lung involvement and the development of acute myocardial infarction has been
identified.