1. a. Amylose, amylopectin. b. Amylose is a long, unbranched chain of a- glucose molecules with 1,4 glycosidic bonds, the angle of these bonds makes the molecule form a spiral, making it compact. Amylopectin is also a long chain with 1,4 glycosidic bonds, but unlike amylose, has 1,6 glycosidic bonds as well, resulting in branching. 2. a. A disaccharide is formed when two monosaccharides join together after they undergo a condensation reaction in which a 1,4 glycosidic bond is formed, and a water molecule is produced. b. (attached separately) c. Hydrolysis reaction d. i. a-glucose + alpha glucose ii. a-glucose + fructose iii. a-glucose + galactose 3. a. Water molecules are polar, because the shared electrons are held closer to the oxygen atom than to the hydrogen atoms, giving oxygen a slightly negative charge and the hydrogen atoms a slightly positive charge. b. The many hydrogen bonds formed between water molecules required a lot of energy to be broken, thus giving water a high specific heat capacity, this is what causes the temperatures of large bodies of water to not change much throughout the year, making them good habitats for living organisms. c. The high surface tension of water is caused by cohesion of water molecules, this is important in plant transport systems where water moves from the roots to the stems and leaves. High surface tension also allows organisms like water striders to walk on water because it forms a "skin", which also allows other types of organisms to live on the surface of water. d. The density of water being highest at 4°C allows for organism to still have an environment to live in when water starts to freeze, because ice is less dense than the water, so ice floats on top, allowing for the water underneath to be insulated and thus provide a suitable environment for organisms.