12 40

(i) The nth roots of unity are 1, α , α 2 ,... , α n − 1 , where

Concept of Rotation i2 π

α =e n
Let z1 , z2 , z3 be the vertices of ∆ABC as shown in figure, then
z −z  z − z |z − z | (ii) 1 + α + α 2 + α 3 + ...+ α n −1 = 0
α = arg  3 1  and 3 1 = 3 1 e iα
 z2 − z1  z2 − z1 | z2 − z1 | (iii) 1 ⋅ α ⋅ α 2 ... α n −1 = [−1]n −1
C(z3)
Applications of Complex
Numbers in Geometry
1. Distance between A(z1 ) and B (z2 ) is given by
a AB = | z2 − z1|.
A(z1) B(z2) 2. Let point P (z) divides the line segment joining A (z1 ) and
B (z2 ) in the ratio m : n . Then,
NOTE • Always mark the direction of arrow in anti-clockwise sense mz2 + nz1
and keep that complex number in the numerator on which (i) for internal division, z =
the arrow goes. m+n
mz2 − nz1
(ii) for external division, z =
Square Root of a Complex Number m−n
●
If z = a + ib , then 3. Let ABC be a triangle with vertices A (z1 ), B (z2 ) and C(z3 ),

z = a + ib = ±
1
[ | z| + a + i z − a] then centroid G (z) of the ∆ ABC is given by z
2 1
= (z1 + z2 + z3 )
1 3
●
If z = a − ib , then z = a − ib = ± [ | z| + a − i | z| − a]
2
z1 z1 1
1
Area of ∆ ABC is given by ∆ = z2 z2 1
De-Moivre’s Theorem 2
z3 z3 1
●
If n is any integer, then (cos θ + i sin θ)n = cos nθ + i sin nθ
●
If n is any rational number, then one of the values of 4. For an equilateral triangle ABC with vertices A(z1 ), B(z2 )
(cos θ + i sin θ)n is cos nθ + i sin nθ. and C(z3 ), z12 + z22 + z23 = z 2 z3 + z 3 z1 + z1 z 2
●
If n is any positive integer, then 5. The general equation of a straight line is az + az + b = 0,
 2 kπ + θ   2 kπ + θ  where a is a complex number and b is a real number.
(cos θ + i sin θ)1 / n = cos   + i sin  
 n   n  6. (i) An equation of the circle with centre at z0
where, k = 0, 1, 2,... n − 1 and radius r, is | z − z0| = r
(ii) | z − z0| < r represents the interior of circle and
Cube Root of Unity | z − z0| > r represents the exterior of circle.
Cube roots of unity are 1, ω, ω2 (iii) General equation of a circle is zz + az + az + b = 0,
−1 + 3 i −1 − 3 i where b is real number, with centre is − a and radius
where, ω = and ω2 = is aa − b .
2 2
7. If z1 and z2 are two fixed points and k > 0, k ≠ 1 is a real
Properties of Cube Roots of Unity | z − z1|
number, then = k represents a circle.
(i) 1 + ω + ω2 = 0 | z − z2|
(ii) ω3 = 1
For k = 1, it represents perpendicular bisector of the
0 if n ≠ 3 m, m ∈ N
(iii) 1 + ω n + ω2 n =  segment joining A(z1 ) and B (z2 ).
3 if n = 3 m, m ∈ N 8. If end points of diameter of a circle are A(z1 ) and B(z 2) and
P(z) be any point on the circle, then equation of circle in
nth Roots of Unity diameter form is
By nth root of unity we mean any complex number z which (z − z1 ) (z − z2 ) + (z − z 2) (z − z1 ) = 0
satisfies the equation zn = 1.
DAY 13

DAY PRACTICE SESSION 1

FOUNDATION QUESTIONS EXERCISE

1 4
1 Real part of is 11 If z − = 2, then the maximum value of | z | is
1 − cos θ + i sin θ z j AIEEE 2009

1 1 1
(a) − (b) (c) tanθ / 2 (d) 2 (a) 3 +1 (b) 5 +1 (c) 2 (d) 2 + 2
2 2 2
12 If z is a complex number such that z ≥ 2, then the
2 + 3i sin θ 1
2 A value of θ, for which is purely imaginary, is minimum value of z +
1 − 2i sin θ 2 j JEE Mains 2014
π π
(d) sin 
−1 3 −1 1 
(a) (b) (c) sin  (a) is equal to 5/2
3 6 4  3 (b) lies in the interval (1, 2)
13 (c) is strictly greater than 5/2
3 ∑ (i
n =1
n
+ i n + 1 ) is equal to (d) is strictly greater than 3/2 but less than 5/2
13 If | z1| = 2, | z 2 | = 3 then z1 + z 2 + 5 + 12i is less than or
(a) i (b) i − 1 (c) −i (d) 0
equal to
z −1
4 If is a purely imaginary number ( where, z ≠ −1), then (a) 8 (b) 18 (c) 10 (d) 5
z +1
14 If z < 3 − 1, then z + 2z cos α is
2
the value of | z | is
(a) less than 2 (b) 3 + 1
(a) −1 (b) 1 (c) 2 (d) −2
(c) 3 − 1 (d) None of these
z2
5 If z1 ≠ 0 and z 2 are two complex numbers such that is 15 The number of complex numbers z such that
z1
z − 1 = z + 1 = z − i , is
2z1 + 3z 2
a purely imaginary number, then is equal to (a) 0 (b) 1 (c) 2 (d) ∞
2z1 − 3z 2
2
j
JEE Mains 2013
16 Number of solutions of the equation z + 7z = 0 is/are
(a) 2 (b) 5 (c) 3 (d) 1 (a) 1 (b) 2 (c) 4 (d) 6
7−z 17 If z z + ( 3 − 4i )z + ( 3 + 4i )z = 0 represent a circle, the area
6 If f ( z ) = , where z = 1 + 2i , then | f ( z )| is equal to
1− z 2 of the circle in square units is
|z | (a) 5 π (b) 10π (c) 25 π 2 (d) 25 π
(a) (b) | z |
2
 π  π
(c) 2| z | (d) None of these 18 If z = 1 + cos   + i sin  , then {sin (arg( z ))} is equal to
 5  5
7 If 8 iz 3 + 12z 2 − 18z + 27i = 0, then the value of | z | is
10 − 2 5 5 −1
(a) 3 / 2 (b) 2 / 3 (c) 1 (d) 3 / 4 (a) (b)
4 4
8 If a complex number z satisfies the equation 5+1
(c) (d) None of these
z + 2 z + 1 + i = 0, then z is equal to j
JEE Mains 2013 4
(a) 2 (b) 3 (c) 5 (d) 1 19 If z is a complex number of unit modulus and argument
9 If α and β are two different complex numbers such that 1 + z 
θ, then arg   equals to
β −α 1 + z  JEE Mains 2013
| α | = 1, | β | = 1, then the expression
j
is equal to
1 − αβ π
(a) −θ (b) −θ (c) θ (d) π − θ
1 2
(a) (b) 1
2 20 Let z and ω are two non-zero complex numbers such that
(c) 2 (d) None of these z = ω and arg z + arg ω = π, then z equals
z −1 (a) ω (b) ω
10 If | z | = 1 and ω = (where z ≠ −1), then Re(ω ) is
z +1 (c) − ω (d) − ω
1 21 If z − 1 = 1, then arg ( z ) is equal to
(a) 0 (b) − 2
z+1 1 1
(a) arg (z) (b) arg (z + 1)
2 2 3
(c) 2
(d) None of these 1
z+1 (c) arg (z − 1) (d) None of these
2
14 40

15
 1
22 Let z = cos θ + i sin θ. Then the value of ∑ Im ( z 2 m −1 ) at, 33 If Re   = 3 , then z lies on
m =1
z
θ = 2°, is (a) circle with centre onY-axis
1 1 1 1 (b) circle with centre on X-axis not passing through origin
(a) (b) (c) (d)
sin 2 ° 3 sin 2 ° 2 sin 2 ° 4 sin 2 ° (c) circle with centre on X-axis passing through origin
(i )
23 If z = (i )(i ) , where i = −1, then | z | is equal to (d) None of the above

(a) 1 (b) e − π / 2 (c) 0 (d) e π / 2 34 If the imaginary part of ( 2z + 1) / (iz + 1) is −2, then the
8 locus of the point representing z in the complex plane is
 π π
1 + i sin + cos  (a) a circle (b) a straight line
24  8 8  equals to
(c) a parabola (d) None of these
 1 − i sin π + cos π 
 8 8 z
35 If | z | = 1 and z ≠ ± 1, then all the values of lie on
(a) 2 8 (b) 0 (c) −1 (d) 1
1− z 2
(a) a line not passing through the origin
25 If 1, α 1, α 2 , K , α n − 1 are the nth roots of unity, then (b) |z | = 2
(c) the X-axis
( 2 − α 1 )( 2 − α 2 ) K ( 2 − α n −1 ) is equal to
(d) theY-axis
(a) n (b) 2 n (c) 2 n + 1 (d) 2 n − 1
z
26 If ω( ≠ 1) is a cube root of unity and (1 + ω )7 = A + Bω. 36 If ω = and | ω | = 1, then z lies on
i
z−
Then, ( A, B ) is equal to 3
(a) (11
,) (b) (1, 0) (c) (−1, 1) (d) (0, 1) (a) a circle (b) an ellipse
27 If α , β ∈C are the distinct roots of the equation (c) a parabola (d) a straight line
x 2 − x + 1 = 0, then α 101 + β107 is equal to j JEE Mains 2018 37 If z 1 and z 2 are two complex numbers such that
(a) −1 (b) 0 (c) 1 (d) 2 z1 z 2
2
+ = 1, then

25
1 z 2 z1
28 If x 2 + x + 1 = 0, then ∑  x r +  is equal to
r=1
 xr  (a) z 1, z 2 are collinear
(b) z 1, z 2 and the origin form a right angled triangle
(a) 25 (b) 25 ω
(c) z 1, z 2 and the origin form an equilateral triangle
(c) 25 ω2 (d) None of these
(d) None of the above
29 Let ω be a complex number such that 2ω + 1 = z,
38 A complex number z is said to be unimodular, if z = 1.
1 1 1
Suppose z1 and z 2 are complex numbers such that
where z = −3. If 1 −ω − 1 ω 2 = 3k, then k is equal to
2
z1 − 2z 2
is unimodular and z 2 is not unimodular.
1 ω2 ω7 j
JEE Mains 2017 2 − z 1z 2
(a) −z (b) z (c) −1 (d) 1
Then, the point z1 lies on a j
JEE Mains 2015
1+ ω ω2 1 + ω2
(a) straight line parallel to X −axis
30 The value − ω − (1 + ω 2 ) (1 + ω) , where ω is cube (b) straight line parallel toY −axis
− 1 − (1 + ω 2 ) 1 + ω (c) circle of radius 2
(d) circle of radius 2
root of unity, is equal to
(a) 2 ω (b) 3 ω2 (c) − 3 ω2 (d) 3ω 39 If | z 2 − 1 | = | z |2 +1, then z lies on
31 If a , b and c are integers not all equal and ω is a cube (a) a real axis (b) an ellipse
root of unity (where, ω ≠ 1), then minimum value of (c) a circle (d) imaginary axis
| a + bω + cω 2 | is equal to
3 1 40 Let z satisfy z = 1 and z = 1 − z j
JEE Mains 2013
(a) 0 (b) 1 (c) (d)
2 2 Statement I z is a real number.
iπ /3
32 Let ω = e , and a, b, c, x , y , z be non-zero complex Statement II Principal argument of z is π /3.
numbers such that: (a) Statement I is true, Statement II is true; Statement II is a
a + b + c = x ; a + b ω + cω = y ; a + b ω + c ω = z
2 2 correct explanation for statement I
2 2 2
(b) Statement I is true, Statement II is true; Statement II is
x + y + z not a correct explanation for Statement I
Then the value of 2 2 2
is:
a + b + c (c) Statement I is true, Statement II is false
(d) Statement I is false, Statement II is true
(a) 1 (b) 2 (c) 3 (d) 4
 DAY PRACTICE SESSION 2

PROGRESSIVE QUESTIONS EXERCISE

1 For positive integers n1 and n 2 the value of the expression 8 If a complex number z lies in the interior or on the
(1 + i )n1 + (1 + i 3 )n1 + (1 + i 5 )n 2 + (1 + i 7 )n 2 boundary of a circle of radius 3 and centre at ( − 4 , 0),
where i = −1, is a real number iff then the greatest and least value of | z + 1| are
(a) n1 = n2 (b) n2 = n2 − 1 (c) n1 = n2 + 1 (d) ∀n1 and n2 (a) 5, 0 (b) 6, 1 (c) 6, 0 (d) None of these
9 If z is any complex number satisfying z − 3 − 2i ≤ 2,
2
z
2 If z ≠ 1 and is real, then the point represented by the
z −1 then the minimum value of 2z − 6 + 5i is
complex number z lies (a) 2 (b) 3 (c) 5 (d) 6
(a) on the imaginary axis 10 A man walks a distance of 3 units from the origin towards
(b) either on the real axis or on a circle passing through the the North-East (N 45° E) direction. From there, he walks a
origin
distance of 4 units towards the North-West (N 45° W)
(c) on a circle with centre at the origin
direction to reach a point P. Then the position of P in the
(d) either on the real axis or on a circle not passing through
Argand plane is
the origin
(a) 3eiπ / 4 + 4i (b) (3 − 4i )eiπ / 4
2π 2π
3 Let ω be the complex number cos + i sin . Then the (c) (4 + 3i )eiπ / 4 (d) (3 + 4i )eiπ / 4
3 3
number of distinct complex numbers z satisfying 11 If 1, a1, a 2 ... a n −1 are n th roots of unity, then
1 1 1
z +1 ω ω2 + + ... + equals to
1 − a1 1 − a 2 1 − a n −1
ω z + ω2 1 = 0 is equal to
ω2 1 z +ω 2n − 1 n −1 n
(a) (b) (c) (d) None of these
n 2 n −1
(a) 0 (b) 1 (c) 2 (d) 4 2 2
12 For z ,ω ∈ C, if z ω − ω z = z − ω, then z is equal to
4 The locus of z = x + iy which satisfying the inequality
log1/ 2 z − 1 > log1/ 2 z − i is given by (a) ω or ω (b) ω or ω /|ω | 2
(c) ω or ω /|ω | 2 (d) None of these
(a) x + y < 0 (b) x − y > 0 (c) x − y < 0 (d) x + y > 0
10
 2kπ 2kπ 
5 Let z1 = 10 + 6i , z 2 = 4 + 6i . If z is any complex number 13 The value of ∑  sin + i cos  is
 11 11 
such that arg ( z − z1 ) / ( z − z 2 ) = π / 4, then z − 7 − 9i is k =1

equal to (a) 1 (b) −1 (c) − i (d) i

(a) 18 (b) 3 2 (c) 3 / 2 (d) None of these 14 Let z1 and z 2 be roots of the equation z + pz + q = 0, 2

6 Let z = x + iy be a complex number where x and y are p, q ∈ C. Let A and B represents z1 and z 2 in the complex
integers. Then the area of the rectangle whose vertices plane. If ∠AOB = α ≠ 0 and OA = OB; O is the origin, then
are the roots of the equation zz 3 + zz 3 = 350 is p 2 / 4q is equal to
(a) 48 (b) 32 (c) 40 (d) 80 (a) sin2 (α / 2) (b) tan2 (α / 2) (c) cos2 (α / 2) (d) None of these

7 If α + i β = cot −1( z ), where z = x + iy and α is a constant, 15 If 1, ω and ω 2 are the three cube roots of unity α , β, γ are
then the locus of z is the cube roots of p, q < 0, then for any x , y , z the
(a) x2 + y2 − x cot 2 α − 1 = 0  x α + y β + z γ
expression   is equal to
(b) x2 + y2 − 2 x cot α − 1 = 0  x β + y γ + z α
(c) x2 + y2 − 2 x cot 2 α + 1 = 0
(d) x2 + y2 − 2 x cot 2 α − 1 = 0 (a) 1 (b) ω (c) ω 2 (d) None of these

ANSWERS
SESSION 1 1. (b) 2. (d) 3. (b) 4. (b) 5. (d) 6. (a) 7. (a) 8. (c) 9. (b) 10. (a)
11. (b) 12. (b) 13. (b) 14. (a) 15. (b) 16. (b) 17. (d) 18. (b) 19. (c) 20. (c)
21. (c) 22. (d) 23. (a) 24. (c) 25. (d) 26. (a) 27. (c) 28. (d) 29. (a) 30. (c)
31. (b) 32. (c) 33. (c) 34. (b) 35. (d) 36. (d) 37. (c) 38. (c) 39. (d) 40. (d)

SESSION 2 1. (d) 2. (b) 3. (b) 4. (b) 5. (b) 6. (a) 7. (d) 8. (c) 9. (c) 10. (d)
11. (b) 12. (b) 13. (c) 14. (c) 15. (c)
16 40

Hints and Explanations

SESSION 1 ⇒ x2 + y 2 = 1 10 Given,|z | = 1
1 ⇒ |z |2 = 1 ⇒ |z |= 1
1 Let z = ⇒ zz = 1
1 − cos θ + i sin θ 5 Given, z2 is a purely imaginary z−1 z−1
1 Now, 2Re(ω ) = ω + ω = +
= z1 z+1 z+1
2sin2 (θ / 2) + 2i sin(θ / 2)cos(θ / 2) Let z = ni. Then, (z − 1)(z + 1) + (z − 1)(z + 1)
1 1 =
= z2 z+1
2
2+ 3⋅
2i sin(θ / 2) [cos(θ / 2) − i sin(θ / 2)] 2z1 + 3z2 z1 2 + 3ni
= = 2zz − 2
cos(θ / 2) + i sin(θ / 2) 1 1 2z1 − 3z2 z2 2 − 3ni = =0 [Q zz = 1]
= = + cot(θ / 2) 2 − 3⋅ z+1
2
2i sin(θ / 2) 2 2i z1
1 1
= − i ⋅ cot θ / 2 ∴ Re(ω ) = 0.
4 + 9n2
2 2 = =1
4 + 9n2   z − 4  + 4
11 |z | =  
 
2 Let z = 2 + 3i sin θ is purely imaginary 7− z

  z z
1 − 2i sin θ 6 Given, f (z ) = and z = 1 + 2i
|z | ≤  z −  +
1 − z2 4 4
then we have ⇒
Re (z ) = 0 7 − (1 + 2i )  z  |z |
∴ f (z ) =
2 + 3i sin θ 1 − (1 + 2i )2 4
Consider, z = ⇒ |z | ≤ 2 +
1 − 2i sin θ 6 − 2i 6 − 2i |z|
= =
(2 + 3i sin θ)(1 + 2i sin θ) 1 − (1 − 4 + 4i ) 4 − 4i |z |2 − 2 |z | − 4
= ⇒ ≤0
(1 − 2i sin θ)(1 + 2i sin θ) 6 − 2i 1+ i 6 + 4i + 2 |z |
= × =
(2 − 6sin2 θ) + (4sin θ + 3sin θ )i 4(1 − i ) (1 + i ) 4(12 − i 2 ) Since,|z | > 0
=
1 + 4sin2 θ 8 + 4i 1 ⇒ |z |2 − 2 |z | − 4 ≤ 0
= = (2 + i )
Q Re(z ) = 0 4(2) 2 ⇒ [|z | − ( 5 + 1)] [|z |− (1 − 5)] ≤ 0
2 − 6sin2 θ
∴ =0 4+ 1 5 |z | ⇒ 1− 5 ≤ |z | ≤ 5+ 1
1 + 4sin2 θ Now,| f (z )| = = =
2 2 2
⇒
1
sin2 θ = ⇒ sinθ = ±
1 12 z ≥ 2 is the region on or outside circle
[Qz = 1 + 2i , given ⇒|z |= 5]
3 3 whose centre is (0,0) and radius is 2.
1
−1  1  7 Given, 8 iz 3 + 12z 2 − 18z + 27i = 0 Minimum z + is distance of z, which
⇒ θ = ± sin   2
 3 ⇒ 4z 2 (2iz + 3) + 9 i (2iz + 3) = 0
lie on circle z = 2 from  − , 0 .
1
13 13 ⇒ (2iz + 3) (4z2 + 9 i ) = 0
 2 
∑ (i + i n +1 ) = (1 + i ) ∑i
n n
3 ⇒ 2iz + 3 = 0 or 4z2 + 9 i = 0
n =1 n =1 Y
3
i (1 − i 13 ) ∴ |z | =
= (1 + i ) 2
1− i
8 We have, ( x + iy ) + 2 x + iy + 1 + i = 0
= i − 1 [Q i 13 = i , i 2 = −1]
[put z = x + iy ]
4 Let z = x + iy A
z−1 x + iy − 1 ( x − 1) + iy
⇒ ( x + iy ) + 2 ( x + 1)2 + y 2 + i = 0 X′
(–2, 0) (– 1 ,0
( (0, 0) (2, 0)
X
= = ⇒ x + 2 ( x + 1) + y = 02 2 2
z + 1 x + iy + 1 ( x + 1) + iy
( x + 1) − iy and y+1= 0
×
( x + 1) − iy ⇒ x + 2 ( x + 1) + (−1)2 = 0
2

( x − 1)( x + 1) − iy ( x − 1) + iy and y = −1 Y′
( x + 1) − i 2 y 2 ⇒ x2 = 2[( x + 1)2 + 1]
= ∴ Minimum z +
1
( x + 1)2 − i 2 y 2 ⇒ x2 = 2 x2 + 4 x + 4
2
x2 − 1 + iy ( x + 1 − x + 1) + y 2 ⇒ x + 4 x + 4 = 0 ⇒ ( x + 2)2 = 0
2

=  1 
= Distance of  − , 0 from (−2, 0)
⇒ x = −2
( x + 1)2 + y 2  2 
∴ z = −2 − i ⇒ z = 4 + 1 = 5
z − 1 ( x2 + y 2 − 1) i (2 y ) 2
⇒ = + β −α β −α =  −2 + 1  + 0 = 3
z + 1 ( x + 1)2 + y 2 ( x + 1)2 + y 2 9 =  
 2 2
z−1 1 − αβ β ⋅ β − αβ
Since, is purely imaginary. Alternate Method
z+1  Q |β | = 1 
We know,|z1 + z2 |≥||z1 |−|z2||
z − 1 and |β|2 = ββ = 1
∴ Re   =0  
 z + 1 ∴ z+
1
≥ |z| −
1
= |z|−
1
x + y −1
2 2 β −α 1 |β − α| |β − α| 2 2 2
⇒ =0 = = = =1
( x + 1)2 + y 2 β (β − α ) |β| | β − α| |β − α| 1 3
≥ z− =
⇒ x + y −1 = 0
2 2 [Q|z|=|z|] 2 2
DAY 17

∴ z+
1
≥
3 20 Let z = ω = r and let arg ω = θ ⇒ − ω2 = A + Bω ⇒ 1 + ω = Α + Βω
2 2 [Qω14 = ω12 ⋅ ω2 = ω2 ]
Then, ω = r (cos θ + i sin θ) = re i θ
1 3 On comparing both sides, we get
∴ Minimum value of z + is ⋅ and arg z = π − θ
2 2 A = 1, B = 1
Hence, z = r (cos( π − θ) + i sin( π − θ))
13 Fact: z1 + z2 + ... + z n = r (− cos θ + i sin θ) 27 α,β are the roots of x2 − x + 1 = 0
= − r (cos θ − i sin θ) Q Roots of x2 − x + 1 = 0 are − ω, − ω 2
≤ z1 + z2 + ... + z n z = −ω
∴ z1 + z2 + (5 + 12i ) ∴ Let α = −ω and β = − ω 2
21 Given,|z − 1| = 1 ⇒ z − 1 = e i θ ,
≤ z1 + z2 + 5 + 12i ⇒ α101 + β107 = (− ω )101 + (− ω2 )107
= 2 + 3 + 13 = 18 where arg(z − 1) = θ …(i)
= − (ω101 + ω214 ) = − (ω2 + ω )
2 ⇒ z = eiθ + 1
14 Consider z2 + 2z cos α ≤ z + 2 z [Qω3 n + 2 = ω2 and ω3 n+1 = ω]
⇒ z = 1 + cos θ + i sin θ
cos α ≤ z + 2 z
2 = −(−1) = 1 [1 + ω + ω2 = 0]
[Qe i θ = cos θ + i sin θ]
2θ θ θ 28 x2 + x + 1 = 0
< ( 3 − 1)2 + 2( 3 − 1) = 2 cos + 2i sin ⋅ cos
2 2 2 ⇒ x = ω , ω2
= 3+ 1−2 3 + 2 3 −2= 2 θ 1
⇒ arg (z ) = = arg(z − 1) [from Eq. (i)] 1 1
∴ z + 2z cos α < 2
2 So, x + r = ω r + r = − 1
r
2 2 x ω
15 Let z = x + iy 22 Given that z = cos θ + i sin θ = e iθ or 2 according as r is not divisible by 3
15 15
|z − 1| = |z + 1|
∑ lm(z ∑ lm(e or divisible by 3.
2 m −1 iθ 2 m −1
∴ )= )
Re z = 0 ⇒ x = 0 m=1 m=1 ∴ Required sum
|z − 1| = |z − i| ⇒ x = y
15
= 17(−1) 2 + 8 ⋅ 2 2 = 49
∑ lme
i(2 m −1 )θ
=
|z + 1| = |z − i| ⇒ y = − x m=1
29 Given, z = 2ω + 1
Since, only (0, 0) will satisfy all = sin θ + sin 3θ + sin 5θ + ... + sin 29θ
−1 + z −1 + 3i
14 ⋅ 2θ   15⋅ 2θ  ⇒ω = ⇒ω =
sin  θ +
conditions.
∴ Number of complex number z = 1.  sin   2 2
 2   2  [Qz = −3]
=
2θ
sin  
2
16 Given z + 7z = 0 ⇒ ω is complex cube root of unity
2 1 1 1
⇒ z z + 7z = 0 ⇒ z (z + 7) = 0
sin(15θ)sin(15θ) 1 1 −ω2 − 1 ω2 = 3k
Case (i) : z = 0, ∴ z = 0 = 0 + i0 = = [Qθ = 2° ] Now,
sin θ 4sin 2° ω2 ω7
Case (ii) : z = −7 ∴ z = −7 + 0i 1
Hence, there is only two solutions. 23 Clearly, i = cos π + i sin π = e iπ /2 1 1 1
2 2
z = 0 and z = −7 i2 ⋅
π ⇒ 1 ω ω2 = 3k
∴ (i )i = (e iπ /2 )i = e 2
= e − π /2
17 Given zz + (3 − 4i )z + (3 + 4i )z = 0 ( i )(i ) e − π /2 − π /2
1 ω2 ω
Let z = x + iy Now, (i ) = (i ) ⇒ z = (i )e
e − π /2
Q1 + ω + ω2 = 0
Then, zz = x2 + y 2 ⇒ |z|=|i | =1  
 ω7 = ω 
∴ x2 + y 2 + (3 − 4i )( x + iy ) 24 Let z = cos + i sin π
π
+ (3 + 4i )( x − iy ) = 0 8 8 Applying R1 → R1 + R2 + R3 , we get
1 π π 3 1 + ω + ω2 1 + ω + ω2
⇒ x2 + y 2 + 6 x + 8 y = 0 Then, = cos − i sin
z 8 8 1 ω ω2 = 3k
⇒ ( x + 6 x) + ( y + 8 y ) = 0
2 2
8
 1 + cos π + i sin π  1 ω2
ω
⇒ ( x + 3)2 + ( y + 4)2 = 32 + 42   8

Now,  8 8  =  1 + z 
⇒ [ x − (−3)]2 + [ y − (−4)]2 = 52 π
 1 + cos − i sin  π 1 + z 
−1 3 0 0
So, area of circle be π R = 25π2  8 8 ⇒ 1 ω ω2 = 3k
8 8
[QR = radius = 5]  (1 + z )z   π π 1 ω2 ω
=  = z =  cos + i sin 
8

 (1 + z )   8
18 If z = 1 + cos θ + i sin θ, then arg(z ) = θ
8 ⇒ 3(ω2 − ω 4 ) = 3k
π π
2 = cos 8 ⋅ + i sin 8 ⋅ ⇒ k = ω2 − ω ⇒ k = −1 − 2ω
π/5 π 8 8
⇒ k = −(1 + 2ω ) ⇒ k = − z
∴ arg(z ) = =
2 10 [using De-moivre’s theorem]
⇒ sin(arg z ) = cos π = −1(Q sin π = 0) 30 Using 1 + ω + ω2 = 0, we get
π 5−1 1 + ω ω2 −ω
= sin   = sin18° = 25 Clearly, ( x − 1)( x − α1 )( x − α2 ) …
 10  4 ( x − α n −1 ) = x – 1 n ∆ = 1 + ω2 ω − ω2
Putting x = 2, we get ω2 + ω ω − ω2
19 Given, z = 1 and arg z = θ ( 2 − α1 )( 2 − α2 )K( 2 − α n − 1 ) = 2n − 1 Applying C1 → C1 + C2 ,
1
∴ z = e iθ and z = 26 We have, (1 + ω )7 = A + Bω 0 ω2 −ω
z
  We know that 1 + ω + ω = 0 2
∆ = 0 ω − ω2
 1+ z 1+ z
∴ 1 + ω = −ω2 ω2 + 2ω ω − ω2
Now, arg   = arg  
1 + z 1 + 1  ⇒ (− ω2 ) 7 = A + Bω
 z = (ω2 + 2ω )(− ω + ω2 ) = − 3ω2
⇒ − ω14 = A + Bω
= arg (z ) = θ
18 40

n π n π
31 |a + bω + c ω2|2 = (a + bω + c ω2 ) 38 Given, z2 is not unimodular i.e. z2 ≠ 1 + ( 2 )n1 cos 1 − i sin i 1 
 4 4 
(a + b ω + c ω ) 2 z − 2z2
and 1 is unimodular. n π π
= (a + bω + c ω2 )(a + bω2 + c ω ) 2 − z1 z2 + ( 2 )n2 cos 2 − i sin n2 
 4 4 
[Q ω = ω2 and ω 2 = ω] z1 − 2z2
⇒ =1 π π
+ ( 2 )n2 cos 2 + i sin 2 
 n n
= a + b + c 2 − ab – bc − ca
2 2
2 − z1 z2
 4 4 
1 ⇒ z1 − 2z2
2
= 2 − z1 z2
2
= [(a − b ) 2 + (b − c ) 2 + (c − a) 2 ] n1  n1 π  n π
2 = ( 2 ) 2cos + ( 2 )n2 2cos 2 
⇒ (z1 − 2z2 )(z1 − 2z2 ) = (2 − z1 z2 )  4   4 
So, it has minimum value 1 for a = b = 1 2
(2 − z1 z2 ) [Qzz = z ] which is purely real ∀ n1 , n2 .
and c = 2. 2 2
2 2
32 Clearly, x + y + z = x x + y y + zz
2 ⇒ z1
2 2
+ 4 z2 − 2z1 z2 − 2z1 z2 2 Clearly, z = z
2 2
z−1 z −1
= (a + b + c )(a + b + c ) = 4 + z1 z2 − 2z1 z2 − 2z1 z2 ⇒ zzz − z2 = zzz − z2
2
2 2
⇒ ( z2 − 1)( z1 − 4) = 0
2 ⇒ z (z − z ) − (z − z )(z + z ) = 0
+ (a + bω + cω2 )(a + bω + c ω ) 2
2 z2 ≠1 ⇒ (z − z ) ( z − (z + z )) = 0
+ (a + bω + cω )(a + bω + c ω )
2 Q
2 2 2 ∴ z1 =2 Either z = z ⇒ real axis
= 3( a + b + c )
Let z1 = x + iy ⇒ x2 + y 2 = (2)2 or
2
z = z + z ⇒ zz − z − z = 0
2 2 2
x + y + z Point z1 lies on a circle of radius 2.
⇒ 2 2 2
=3 i.e. ( x2 + y 2 = 2 x )
a + b + c 39 Let z = re i θ represents a circle passing through origin.
  Then, |r 2e 2 iθ − 1| = r 2 + 1 3 ω = e 2 πi / 3 = imaginary cube root of unity
33 Given, Re  1  = 3 ⇒ Re  z 2  = 3 ⇒ (r 2 cos 2θ − 1) 2 + (r 2 sin 2θ) 2
 z  |z|  ∴ 1 + ω + ω2 = 0
= (r 2 + 1) 2
 1 z  ⇒ r 4 − 2r 2 cos 2θ + 1 = r 4 + 2 r 2 + 1 z+1 ω ω2
Q z = |z |2  π Now, ∆ = ω z + ω2
  ⇒ cos 2θ = − 1 ⇒ θ =
1
x 2 ω2 1 z+ω
⇒ 2 = 3 ⇒ 3 x2 + 3 y 2 − x = 0
x + y2 π π
⇒ z = r  cos + i sin  = ir z z z
So, it is a circle whose centre is on  2 2
= ω z + ω2 1
X-axis and passes through the origin.
40 Let z = x + iy ω2 1 z+ω
2z + 1 (2 x + 1) + 2iy
34 = Then, x2 + y 2 = 1
iz + 1 (1 − y ) + ix (applying R1 → R1 + R2 + R3 )
and x + iy = 1 − ( x − iy )
[(2 x + 1) + 2iy ] ⋅ [(1 − y ) − ix] 1 1 1 1
= ⇒ x2 + y 2 = 1 and 2 x = 1 ⇒ x = = z ω z + ω2 1
(1 − y )2 − i 2 x2 2
(2 x − y + 1) − (2 x2 + 2 y 2 + x − 2 y )i 3 ω2 1 z+ω
= and y =±
1 + x2 + y 2 − 2 y 2 = z {[(z + ω2 )(z + ω ) − 1]
1 3
∴ Imaginary part ∴ z=
± i + [ω2 − ω( z + ω)] + [ω − ω2 (z + ω2 )]}
− (2 x2 + 2 y 2 + x − 2 y ) 2 2
= = −2 = z {z2 + z(ω + ω2 ) + ω3
1 3
1 + x2 + y 2 − 2 y Now, take, z = + i −1 − ωz − ω2 z} = z3
2 2
⇒ x + 2 y − 2 = 0, which is a straight line.  3 / 2 π ∴ ∆ = 0 ⇒ z = 0 ⇒ z = 0 is the only
3

∴ θ = tan −1   = solution.
z z 1  1/2  3
35 Clearly, = = , which
1 − z2 zz − z2 z − z 4 In the problem, base = 1 / 2∈(0,1)
is always imaginary. SESSION 2 ∴ z−1 < z− i ⇒
2
z−1 < z− i
2

36 |ω | = 1 ⇒|z | = z − i
n1
1 Clearly, (1 + i ) + (1 + i 3 )n1 ⇒ (z − 1)(z − 1) < (z − i )( z + i )
3
+ (1 + i 5 )n2 + (1 + i 7 )n2 [Q z
2
= z z]
It is the perpendicular bisector of the = (1 + i ) + (1 − i ) + (1 + i )n2 + (1 − i )n2
n1 n1

n1 ⇒ (1 + i )z + (1 − i )z > 0
line segment joining (0, 0) to  0,  i.e. π π 
1 
= 2  cos + i sin  ⇒ (z + z ) + i (z − z ) > 0
 3   4 4  
 z + z  z − z
1 n1 ⇒   + i >0
the line y = ⋅   π π 
6 +  2  cos  −  + i sin  −     2   2 
   4  4
⇒  z + z −  z − z > 0
   
37 Given, z1 + z2 = 1 ⇒ z12 + z22 = z1 z2   π π 
n2
 2   2i 
z2 z1 +  2  cos  −  + i sin  −   
   4  4 ⇒ Re(z ) − Im(z ) > 0 ⇒ x − y > 0
⇒ z12 + z22 + z32 = z1 z2 + z1 z3 + z2 z3 ,
5 arg z − (10 + 6i ) = π
n2
  π π 
where z3 = 0 2 cos + i sin 
+
  4 4    z − (4 + 6i )  4
−1 y − 6 y−6 π
So, z1 , z2 and the origin form an
π π
= ( 2 )n1 cos 1 + i sin 1  ⇒ tan − tan −1 =
n n
equilateral triangle. x − 10 x−4
 4 
4 4
[take z = x + iy ]
DAY 19

y−6 y−6 2k π
10
2k π 
− 2z − 6 + 5i = 2 z −  3 − i 
5
13 We have, ∑  sin + i cos 
⇒ x − 10 x − 4 = 1  2   11
k =1 11 
( y − 6)( y − 6) 2kπ 2kπ 
 = i ∑  cos
10
1+ 5 
( x − 10)( x − 4) = 2 Distance of z from  3, −  − i sin 
  2   k =1  11 11 

⇒ x2 + y 2 − 14 x − 18 y + 112 = 0 10 − i 2 kπ 10
where z lies on circle (i).
⇒ ( x − 7)2 + ( y − 9)2 = 18 = (3 2 )2 = i ∑e 11 =i ∑α
k

∴ min 2z − 6 + 5i = 2PA = 2  − 2 = 5

9 k =1 k =1
⇒ z − (7 + 9i ) = 3 2 2 
where α = e − i 2 π /11
iπ / 4 = i [α + α2 + α3 + ... + α10 ]
6 We have, zz = (z + z ) = 350 10 Clearly, 0 − 3e iπ / 4 = 3 e iπ /2
2 2

⇒ 2( x2 + y 2 )( x2 − y 2 ) = 350 z − 3e 4 α(1 − α10 ) (α − α11 )

=i =i
⇒ ( x2 + y 2 )( x2 − y 2 ) = 175 −3e − iπ / 4 3 1−α 1−α
∴ = i
Since x, y ∈ I , the only possible case z − 3e iπ / 4 4 (α − 1)
=i [Qα = cos 2 π − sin 2 π = 1]
11

which gives integral solutions, is N (1 − α )

x2 + y 2 = 25 …(i) P(z)
= −i
x2 − y 2 = 7 …(ii)
From Eqs. (i) and (ii) x2 = 16; y 2 = 9 14 Given, z2 + pz + q = 0
⇒ x = ±4; y = ±3 ⇒ Area = 48 3eiπ/4 ⇒ z1 + z2 = − p and z1 z2 = q
−1 Q OA = OB
7 We have, α + iβ = cot (z )
⇒ z1 = z2
⇒ cot(α + iβ ) = x + iy E z2
and cot(α − iβ ) = x − iy O ∴ = e iα = cos α + i sin α
z1
Now, consider z − 3e iπ / 4 = 4ie iπ / 4
Y
cot 2α = cot [(α + iβ ) + (α − iβ )] z = (3 + 4i )e iπ / 4
cot(α + iβ ) ⋅ cot(α − iβ ) − 1
= 11 Given z n = 1, where B(z2)
cot(α + iβ ) + cot(α − iβ )
z = 1, a1 , a2 ,... an −1 …(i)
( x + y − 1)
2 2
1 1
= Let α = , then z = 1 − A(z1)
2x 1− z α
∴ x2 + y 2 − 2 x cot 2α − 1 = 0  1
n

∴ 1 −  = 1 [by (i)] α
8 Given,|z + 4 | ≤ 3  α
X
Now,|z + 1 | = |z + 4 − 3 | ⇒ (α − 1) − α = 0
n n O
≤ |z + 4 | + | 3 | ≤ 3 + 3 = 6 ⇒ − C1 α n −1 + C2α n −2 + ... + (−1)n = 0 z1 + z2
1 1 1 ⇒ = 1 + cos α + i sin α
Hence, greatest value of|z + 1 | = 6 where, α = , ..., z1
1 − a1 1 − a2 1 − an −1 α α α
Since, least value of the modulus of a = 2cos  cos + i sin 
complex number is 0. 1 1 1 2 2 2
⇒ + + ...+
Consider,|z + 1 | = 0 ⇒ z = − 1 1 − a1 1 − a2 1 − an −1 (z1 + z2 )2 2 α iα
⇒ = 4cos e
Now, |z + 4 | = |− 1 + 4 | = 3 C2 n(n − 1) (n − 1) z12 2
= = =
⇒| z + 4 | ≤ 3 is satisfied by z = − 1. C1 2/ n 2 z
= 4cos 2 α / 2 ⋅ 2
∴ Least value of|z + 1| = 0 z1
2 2
12 z ω − ω z = z − ω ... (i) α
9 z − 3 − 2i ≤ 2 ⇒ (z1 + z2 )2 = 4cos 2 z1 z2
2 2 2
⇒ ( z + 1)ω = ( ω + 1)z
⇒ p2 = 4 q cos 2 α / 2
z +1
2 p2 α
z ∴ = cos 2
⇒ = = real 4q 2
(3, 2) ω 2
ω +1
z zω 15 Q p < 0, take p = − q 3 (q > 0)
⇒ =z ⇒ = zω ... (ii)
ω ω ∴ p1 /3 = q(−1)1 /3 = − q , − qω, − qω2
A
Also, from Eq. (i), zz ω − ωω z = z − ω Now, take α = −q , β = − qω, γ = − qω2
P(3, – 5/2) ⇒ zz ω − ωz ω − z + ω = 0 Then, given expression
⇒ (z ω − 1)(z − ω ) = 0 ⇒ z = ω or zω = 1
x + yω + zω2
⇒ z lies on or inside the circle i.e. zω = 1 = = ω2
1 2
xω + yω2 + z
( x − 3)2 + ( y − 2)2 = 22 = 4 ... (i) ⇒ z = ω or z = = ω/ ω
ω
DAY THREE

Sequence
and Series
Learning & Revision for the Day
u Definition u Geometric Progression (GP) u Sum of Special Series
u Arithmetic Progression (AP) u Geometric Mean (GM) u Summation of Series by the
u Arithmetic Mean (AM) u Arithmetico-Geometric Difference Method
Progression (AGP)

Definition
●
By a sequence we mean a list of numbers, arranged according to some definite rule.
or
We define a sequence as a function whose domain is the set of natural numbers or some
subsets of type {1, 2, 3, ... k}.
●
If a1, a2 , a3 ,..., an,.... is a sequence, then the expression a1 + a2 + a3 + ... + an+... is called the
series.
●
If the terms of a sequence follow a certain pattern, then it is called a progression.

PRED
Arithmetic Progression (AP) MIRROR
●
It is a sequence in which the difference between any two consecutive terms is always Your Personal Preparation Indicator
same.
●
An AP can be represented as a , a + d, a + 2 d, a + 3 d, … where, a is the first term, d is the
u No. of Questions in Exercises (x)—
common difference. u No. of Questions Attempted (y)—
u No. of Correct Questions (z)—
●
The nth term, t n = a + (n − 1)d (Without referring Explanations)
●
Common difference d = t n − t n−1
Accuracy Level (z / y × 100)—
The nth term from end, t n = l − (n − 1)d, where l is the last term.
u
●

u Prep Level (z / x × 100)—

n n
●
Sum of first n terms, S n = [2 a + (n − 1)d ] = [a + l ], where l is the last term.
2 2 In order to expect good rank in JEE,
1 your Accuracy Level should be
●
If sum of n terms is S n, then nth term is t n = S n − S n−1 , t n = [t n− k + t n+ k ], where k < n above 85 & Prep Level should be
2 above 75.
DAY 21

NOTE • Any three numbers in AP can be taken as a − d , a, a + d.
• Any four numbers in AP can be taken as
a − 3d , a − d , a + d , a + 3d.
• Any five numbers in AP can be taken as
a − 2d , a − d , a, a + d , a + 2d.
• Three numbers a, b, c are in AP iff 2b = a + c.
• Three non-zero numbers a, b, c are in GP iff b2 = ac.
• If a, b and c are in AP as well as GP, then a = b = c.
• If a > 0 and r > 1 or a < 0 and 0 < r < 1, then the GP will be
an increasing GP.
• If a > 0 and 0 < r < 1 or a < 0 and r > 1, then the GP will be a
decreasing GP.

Important Results on GP
An Important Result of AP ●
If a1 , a2 , a3 ,K , an is a GP of positive terms, then
●
In a finite AP, a1 , ..., an, the sum of the terms equidistant log a1 , log a2 ,K , log an is an AP and vice-versa.
from the beginning and end is always same and equal to ●
In a finite GP, a1 , a2 , ..., an, the product of the terms
the sum of first and last term
i.e. a1 + an = ak + an –( k − 1 ), ∀ k = 1, 2, 3,..., n − 1. equidistant from the beginning and the end is always
same and is equal to the product of the first and the last
term.
Arithmetic Mean (AM) i.e. a1 an = ak ⋅ an − ( k − 1 ), ∀ k = 1, 2, 3, ..., n − 1.
a+b
●
If a, A and b are in AP, then A = is the arithmetic
2
mean of a and b.
Geometric Mean (GM)
●
If a, A1 , A2 , …, An , b are in AP, then A1, A2,..., An are
●
If a, G and b are in GP, then G = ab is the geometric mean
the n arithmetic means between a and b.
of a and b.
●
The n arithmetic means, A1, A2 , ..., An, between a and b are
r (b − a) ●
If a, G1, G2,K , Gn, b are in GP, then G1, G2 ,K , Gn are the n
given by the formula, Ar = a + ∀ r = 1, 2, ... n geometric means between a and b.
n+1
●
The n GM’s, G1, G2 , ..., Gn, inserted between a and b, are
●
Sum of n AM’s inserted between a and b is n A i.e. r
 a + b b n + 1
A1 + A2 + A3 + K + An = n   given by the formula, Gr = a   .
 2   a

NOTE
●
Product of n GM’s, inserted between a and b, is the nth
• The AM of n numbers a1 , a2 , ... , an is given by
power of the single GM between a and b,
( a1 + a2 + a3 + K + an )
AM = i.e. G1 ⋅ G2 ⋅ ... ⋅ Gn = G n = (ab )n/2 .
n

NOTE • If a and b are of opposite signs, then their GM can not exist.
Geometric Progression (GP)
• If A and G are respectively the AM and GM between two
●
It is a sequence in which the ratio of any two consecutive
terms is always same. numbers a and b, then a, b are given by
●
A GP can be represented as a, ar , ar 2 , … [ A ± ( A + G)( A − G) ] .
where, a is the first term and r is the common ratio. • If a1 , a2 , a3 ,... , an are positive numbers, then their GM
●
The nth term, t n = ar n –1 = ( a1 a2 a3 ... an ) 1 / n .
l
●
The nth term from end, t n′ = n − 1 , where l is the last term.
r Arithmetico-Geometric
 1 – r n
a   , r ≠1 Progression (AGP)
●
Sum of first n terms, S n =   1 – r  ●
A progression in which every term is a product of a term

 na, r =1 of AP and corresponding term of GP, is known as
a arithmetico-geometric progression.
●
If| r | < 1, then the sum of infinite GP is S ∞ =
1−r ●
If the series of AGP be a + (a + d)r + (a + 2 d)r 2 + ...
a + {a + (n − 1)d}r n−1 + ..., then
NOTE • Any three numbers in GP can be taken as , a, ar.
r a dr (1 − r n−1 ) {a + (n − 1) d }r n
(i) S n = + − ,r ≠1
a a
• Any four numbers in GP can be taken as 3 , , ar, ar 3 . 1−r (1 − r )2 1−r
r r a dr
a a (ii) S ∞ = + ,| r | < 1
• Any five numbers in GP can be taken as 2 , , a, ar, ar 2 . 1 − r (1 − r )2
r r
22 40

Method to find the Sum of n-terms of ●

Sum of squares of first n natural numbers,
n (n + 1)(2 n + 1)
Arithmetic Geometric Progression 12 + 22 + K + n2 = Σ n 2 =
6
Usually, we do not use the above formula to find the sum of n ●
Sum of cubes of first n natural numbers,
terms. 2
 n (n + 1) 
13 + 23 + 33 + ... + n3 = Σ n3 =
Infact we use the mechanism by which we derived the  2 
formula, shown below:
(i) Sum of first n even natural numbers
Let, S n = a + (a + d) r + (a + 2d) r 2 2 + 4 + 6 + K+ 2 n = n (n + 1)
+ K + (a + (n − 1) d) r n − 1 …(i) (ii) Sum of first n odd natural numbers
Step I Multiply each term by r (Common ratio of GP) and 1 + 3 + 5 + K + (2 n − 1) = n2
obtain a new series
⇒ r S n = ar + (a + d) r 2 + K + Summation of Series by
(a + (n − 2) d) r n −1
+ (a + (n − 1) d) r …(ii)
n
the Difference Method
Step II Subtract the new series from the original series by If nth term of a series cannot be determined by the methods
shifting the terms of new series by one term discussed so far. Then, nth term can be determined by the
⇒ (1 − r ) S n= a + [dr + dr 2 +K + dr n−1 ] − (a + (n − 1) d) r n method of difference, if the difference between successive
terms of series are either in AP or in GP, as shown below:
1 − rn −1
⇒ S n(1 − r ) = a + dr   − (a + (n − 1) d) r n Let T1 + T2 + T3 + ... be a given infinite series.
 1−r  If T2 − T1 , T3 − T2 ,K are in AP or GP, then Tn can be found by
a  1 − r n − 1  (a + (n − 1) d) n following procedure.
⇒ Sn = + dr   − r
1−r  (1 − r )2  1−r Clearly, S n = T1 + T2 + T3 + K + Tn …(i)
Again, S n = T1 + T2 + K + Tn−1 + Tn …(ii)

Sum of Special Series ∴ S n − S n = T1 + (T2 − T1 ) + (T3 − T2 ) + ... + (Tn − Tn−1 ) − Tn

⇒ Tn = T1 + (T2 − T1 ) + (T3 − T2 ) + K + (Tn − Tn−1 )
●
Sum of first n natural numbers,
n (n + 1) ⇒ Tn = T1 + t 1 + t 2 + t 3 + t n−1
1 + 2 + ... + n = Σ n = n
2 where, t 1, t 2 , t 3 ,K are terms of the new series ⇒ S n = ∑ Tr
r =1

DAY PRACTICE SESSION 1

FOUNDATION QUESTIONS EXERCISE

 7 n −1 1 n+1 n
1 If log3 2, log3 ( 2x − 5) and log3  2 x −  are in AP, then x (a) (b) (c) (d)
 2 a1 an + 1 a1 an + 1 a1 an + 1 a1 an +1

is equal to 5 A man arranges to pay off a debt of ` 3600 by 40 annual

(a) 2 (b) 3 (c) 4 (d) 2, 3 instalments which are in AP. When 30 of the instalments
2 The number of numbers lying between 100 and 500 that are paid, he dies leaving one-third of the debt unpaid.
are divisible by 7 but not by 21 is The value of the 8th instalment is
(a) 57 (b) 19 (c) 38 (d) None of these (a) ` 35 (b) ` 50
(c) ` 65 (d) None of these
3 If 100 times the 100th term of an AP with non-zero
common difference equals the 50 times its 50th term, 6 Let a1, a 2, a 3, ... be an AP, such that
then the 150th term of this AP is a1 + a 2 + ... + a p p3 a
= ; p ≠ q , then 6 is equal to
(a) − 150 (b) 150 times its 50th term a1 + a 2 + a 3 + ... + aq q3 a 21
(c) 150 (d) zero j
JEE Mains 2013
4 If a1, a 2, ..., an + 1 are in AP, then 41 121
(a) (b)
1 1 1 11 1681
+ +K+ is 11 121
a1a 2 a 2a 3 anan + 1 (c) (d)
41 1861