THE NATURE OF

RESEARCH
LISETTE D. MENDOZA
JOUR 120/ Cavite State University
THE NATURE OF RESEARCH

§Definition
§Characteristics
§Significance
§Journalism Studies
§Ethics
 DEFINITION

RESEARCH is defined as “systematic,

controlled, and empirical inquiry about
a subject/ topic through a problem-
solving process using a method”.
CHARACTERISTICS OF RESEARCH
 CHARACTERISTICS

Question-oriented
Methodological
Creative
Replicable
 CHARACTERISTICS
Self- critical
Public
Cumulative and self-correcting
Cyclical
SIGNIFICANCE OF RESEARCH
 SIGNIFICANCE
1. To discover new facts
2. To find answers to problems which
are only partially solved by existing
method
3. To expand or verify existing
knowledge
 SIGNIFICANCE
4. To discover elements or
substances
5. To develop new instruments or
products
6. To order valid generalizations into
systematized science
 SIGNIFICANCE
7. To provide basis for decision-
making
8. To satisfy researcher’s
curiosity
9. To acquire deeper and better
understanding of a phenomenon
JOURNALISM STUDIES
 JOURNALISM STUDIES
- Pays attention to
the transfer of
knowledge ,
generated by
scientific inquiry,
to the fields of
journalism
education and
practice (Wahl-
Jorgensen and
Hanitzsch, 2009)
JOURNALISM STUDIES
- ought to engage in
more explanatory
studies that go
beyond mere
description; and
conduct more
systematic and
longitudinal studies
that carefully track
changes in
journalism over time
 JOURNALISM STUDIES
•Theories and conceptual
frameworks of journalism
•Epistemological concerns in
journalism studies
•Methodological best
practices in journalism
studies
•Political dimensions of
journalism
•Ethical and legal concerns
and practices in journalism
•Social and cultural dimensions
of journalism
•Technology and journalism
•Economic aspects of journalism
•Journalism and its audiences
•Historical inquiries into
journalism
•Issues of diversity in journalism
•Journalism Education
ETHICS IN RESEARCH
 FOUR PRINCIPLES IN RESEARCH ETHICS

AUTONOMY NONMALEFICENCE
§Self-determination §“it is wrong to
that calls for intentionally inflict
“respect of the harm on another”
rights, values, and
decisions of other
people”
FOUR PRINCIPLES IN RESEARCH ETHICS

BENEFICENCE JUSTICE
-“stipulates a -“people who are
positive equal in relevant
obligation to respects should
remove existing be treated
harms and equally”
confer benefits
on others”
 ETHICAL CONSIDERATIONS IN THE
COLLECTION OF DATA

-Privacy and confidentiality

-Disclosure
-Conflicts of interest
ASSESSMENTS
 JS #1 Research at a Glance
§ The class will be divided into groups with five members.
§ Each group will have to create a collage containing their
insights on the nature of research.
§ They will grab/get pictures and images from different
websites or sources. Proper citation of sources should be
provided.
§ The collage will be accompanied by an explanation to further
discuss the group’s understanding on the nature of research.
§ Evaluation Collage 25 points
Explanation 25 points
 JS #2 First Impression Lasts
§ Students will have to find at least three persons to interview
(The instructor shall give the group assignment).
§ The interview should be done in person and a photo
documentation is necessary.
§ Write the transcript of interview on short bondpaper, Arial 11,
double space
 JS #2 First Impression Lasts
§ .
Name: ____________________________________ Age: ________ Sex: _______
Address: ___________________________________Religion: _________________
Civil Status: _____________________________
Birth Date: _________________ Birth Place: _____________________________
Occupation: _________________________________________________________

Parents: _____________________________________________________________

Siblings:
Name Age Occupation (if any)

_____________________________ _________ ____________________

_____________________________ _________ ____________________
_____________________________ _________ ____________________
_____________________________ _________ ____________________

Cite experiences during pandemic:

(Challenges)
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________

(Opportunities)
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
Ways of adapting to the new normal:

_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
 JS #2 First Impression Lasts
§ Group 1
§ Working mother
§ Junior highschool student
§ Senior citizen

§ Group 2
§ Stay-at-home mother
§ College student
§ Elected barangay official

§ Group 3
§ Single mother
§ Senior highschool student
§ Appointed public servant
The following information should be asked during the interview.

JS #2 First Impression Lasts

§ After the interview, the following reflection questions
should also be answered.
§ What were the hindrances which you have
encountered while conducting the interview?
§ Why do you think that they did not supply some of
the information?
§ Evaluation: Interview 45 points
Reflection Questions 10 points