Simple of Lifting

8/3/2019 Safe Lifting and Slinging
Slinging and Lifting
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/safe-lifting-and-slinging 1/61
The material in this presentation will concentrate on

the following:
• Working in accordance with LOLER

• Methods of ensuring safe lifting and slinging
• Equipment to help prepare and position pipework
Lifting Operations and Lifting Equipment

Regulations (LOLER) 1998
• Came into force on 5 December 1998
• Replaced existing legal requirements relating to the

use of lifting
(Lifting equipment,
Operations) e.g. the 1961,
Regulations Construction
the Docks
Regulations 1988 and the Lifting Plant and
Equipment Regulations 1992
• Aim to reduce risks to people’s health and safety

from lifting equipment provided for use at work
What does LOLER do?
Require
is: that lifting equipment provided for use at work
• strong and stable enough for the particular use and marked to
indicate safe working loads;
• positioned and installed to minimise any risks;
• used safely;
• subject to ongoing
competent people thorough examination and inspection by
Equipment covered by the Regulations
• Any equipment used at work for lifting or lowering

loads
• Attachments used for anchoring, fixing or
supporting it
• Cranes,
elevatingfork-lift trucks, lifts,
work platforms hoists,
(cherry mobile
pickers), and
vehicle inspection platform hoists
• Lifting accessories such as chains, slings, eyebolts
etc
• LOLER does not apply to escalators
To whom do the Regulations apply?
• Employers and self-employed persons who either

provide lifting equipment, or control the use of
lifting equipment in the work area
• They do not apply if equipment is being provided

for use primarily by members of the public
• Employees do not have specific duties under

LOLER, but they do have general duties under the
HSW Act and the Management of Health and
Safety at Work Regulations 1999 (MHSWR)
LOLER requirements
It should be ensured that all lifting equipment is:

• sufficiently strong, stable and suitable for the
proposed use
• positioned or installed to prevent the risk of injury
• visibly marked with any appropriate information to

be taken into account for its safe use
LOLER requirements continued
Additionally, it must be ensured that:

• lifting operations are planned, supervised and
carried out in a safe manner by people who are
competent
• where equipment is used for lifting people it is

marked accordingly, and it should be safe for such
a purpose
• where appropriate, before lifting equipment

(including accessories) is used for the first time, it
is thoroughly examined
How the Regulations relate to other health

and safety legislation
• Section 2 of the HSW Act requires all employers
to ensure the health, safety and welfare of all
their employees
• The MHSWR contain important duties which relate

to the carrying out of a risk assessment to identify
measures that can be taken to eliminate, or reduce,
the risks presented by the particular hazards in
the workplace
• The Personal Protective Equipment at Work
Regulations 1992, may also apply
How are the Regulations enforced?
• Health and safety inspectors enforce the

Regulations
• If employers have duties under LOLER they will be

given time to assimilate any new requirements
• Where there are serious risks, or the requirements

are not new, inspectors will be prepared to take
firm enforcement action
Slinging and Lifting – basic guidance
Always:
• Ensure that only authorised slingers/signallers attach or
detach loads or signal the crane/lifting plant operator
• Discuss operations with the crane/lifting plant operator
• Before lifting,
sufficient ensure
to land capacity of crane/lifting plant is
the load
• Include the weight of the chain/slings etc in the load on the
lifting hook
• Seek expert advice when using lifting tackle
• Obtain information that pre-fabricated rebar assemblies
Slinging and Lifting – basic guidance
Never:
• Wrap hand/tag lines around the body
• Use tie wires or banding to lift loads
• Leave a suspended load unattended
•• Pass loads over
Use lifting the public
accessories for pulling or towing
• Ride or climb on lifting machines or suspended loads
• Lift near power lines
• Stand or walk beneath a load
Chain slings
Chain slings
sling, as wellare generally
as the the most
most robust. versatile
General type of
purpose chain
slings can have either one, two, three or four legs
Shortening clutches
Shortening clutches
different length legsenabling a multi
to adjust legged
the loads aresling to have
available
for chains. Clutches must be correctly fitted to avoid
failure or shortening of the chain life
Note: the allowable lifting weight is reduced when all

the legs of a chain sling are not being used
Wire rope slings
These are
cheaper normally
than used for
chain slings andspecific items,toasexact
can be made they are
lengths for loads that require odd leg lengths
Round and webbing slings
These are used for loads that can be easily damaged.

The slings are light and easy to handle but they can be
susceptible to damage, and they must be protected
from sharp edges and from sliding along the load if used
at an angle
End fittings
The
slingend fittings
hooks ) or Con chain slings will generally be either
hooks.
Both of these are designed to minimise the risk of the

load slipping out of the hook.
Of the two, the C hook is designed not to catch on

obstructions; it is more robust and does not have a
easily damaged safety catch.
Special purpose fittings such as shackles are also used

for lifting pipes.
End fittings continued
Equipment checking/choice of sling
The choice
depends on:of sling construction, length and end fittings
• The load being lifted

• The weight of the load
•• The
The size
shapeofofthe
theload
load
• Whether or not sling attachment points have been provided
• Whether the load can be easily damaged
• Whether the load is a single item or a bundle of loose items
• Whether the load is on a pallet
Equipment checking/choice of sling continued
Other points to note include:

• The larger the load, the longer the length of sling required
• Long slender loads should be slung with the sling legs at least
one third of the length of the load apart

• For frequent ‘usual’ lifts, the slinger/signaller should choose
the appropriate type of sling or chain in accordance with
established company/centre procedures
• For special lifts the slinger/signaller must use the equipment

specified in the method statement
Safe use of slings
Shackles mustisalways
than one sling to be be used on lifting
connected to it, orhooks
if theifhook
moreis
likely to become overcrowded by the ends of the same
sling.
The angle between the sling legs and the hook must
never exceed 90°
Safe use of slings continued
Protecting the load or sling
The sling and/or load may require protection from

damage.
If the sling passes round any sharp corners, then

suitable packing should be used to protect the sling
and/or the corners of the load.
It is common to use timber packing near the corners of

loads and to slip lengths of tube over projections such
as beam flanges
Two-legged slings
For
slingtwo-legged
determinesslings theworking
its safe angle between the legs of the
load (SWL):
• A two-legged sling will be marked with its SWL at 90°, and

this applies to all sling angles from 0-90°
• The sling for
will apply mayangles
also bebetween
marked 90
with its 120°
° and SWL at 120°, and this
• These SWL assume that both legs are equally loaded, and
that each leg is straight
• Never us any two-legged sling not marked with the SWL
for the angle being used, or for any angles greater than
120°
Two-legged slings continued
It
andis90°.
goodWith
practice to keep
the sling the angle
at smaller to between
angles, the load60°
is
more likely to tip-up and may even slide out of the slings
where basket or choke hitches are used.
Three-legged slings
For
legs three-legged slings,
of the sling and the the maximum
vertical angle between
will determine the
the safe
working load (SWL):
• A three-legged sling will be marked with its SWL at 45° and

this applies for all angles from 0° - 45°
• The SWL for a three-legged sling assumes that all legs are
equally loaded, and that each leg is at the same angle
• Never use any three-legged sling not marked with the
SWL for the angle being used, or for angles greater than
45°
Three-legged slings continued
It is generally
between 30° andgood practice
45°. With theto keep
slingsthe angle toangles
at smaller
the load is more likely to tip-up.
Three-legged slings continued
If
SWLtheshould
sling isbetodetermined
be used with
by less than three
multiplying legs, the
the SWL by
the factor shown in the table below:
Legs SWL x
2 0.66
1 0.33
Four-legged slings
For four-legged
opposite slings,
legs of the thewill
sling maximum angle
determine itsbetween
safe working
load (SWL):
• A four-legged sling will be marked with its SWL at 90° and

will apply for all angles from 0° - 90°
• It may also be marked with its SWL at 120° which will apply
for angles between 90° and 120°
• The SWL for a four-legged sling assumes that all legs are
equally loaded and that each leg is straight
• Never
for theuse anybeing
angle four-legged
used, orsling
for not marked
angles withthan
greater the 120°
SWL
Four-legged slings continued
It is generally
between 60° andgood practice
90°. With theto keep
slingsthe angle toangles
at smaller
the load is more likely to tip-up.
Four-legged slings continued
If the sling
should is used with
be determined byless than four
multiplying thelegs,
SWL the
bySWL
the
factor shown in the table below:
Legs SWL x
3 0.75
2 0.5
1 0.25
Methods of Slinging
SWL factors
and how also apply according to the type of sling
it is used.
The same principles also apply to multi-legged slings
Examples for various types of single legged slings are

shown in the following slide
Types of Slings
SWL Factors for common slings

METHOD OF USE
Single Single Single Single Single Endless Endless Endless
leg leg leg leg Leg in-line choked Basket
inline choked basket back halshed 0-90 °
0–90° hooked
SLING Chain 1 0.8 1.4 1 1.5 N/A 1 N/A

MATERIAL
Wire Rope 1 1 1.4 1 2 1 1 1.4
Webbing 1 0.8 1.4 N/A N/A 1 0.8 1.4
Fibre Rope 1 0.8 1.4 1 N/A 1 0.8 1.4

Round N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A 1 0.8 1.4
Sling hooks
When slinging,
the lifting hooks must always face outwards from
point.
Choke hitch
Do
thenot ‘batter
angle down’
to form slings toThe
naturally. increase the permitted
maximum grip, allow
angle is 120°.
Webbing slings
Wide
wherewebbing
the slingslings
wouldcannot
not bebe used at
equally a sideways
loaded across angle
its
width.
Hand tag lines
In certaintocircumstances
attached hand/tag
the load to prevent thelines
loadshould beor
swinging
spinning, and to help in landing it in the right place.
Regular sized pipe lengths
When lifting
wrapped. Thebundles of pipe,
image shows slings
slings should
in the be double
double wrap
choke hitch. SWL factor for chain slings used in this
way is 0.8.
Palletised loads
An example
special of a frequently
equipment is a pallet lifted load that requires
of fittings/accessories.
When covered by safety netting, the mesh size should
be smaller than the smallest item to be lifted.
Beams
Use doubleSWL
together. wrapped slingsslings
for chain whenused
slinginlegs
thiscan
wayslide
is 0.8.
Stillages/fitting bins
Wrap slingsstacked
lift double round corner posts
stillages. and do
Beware ofnot attempt to
overloading
scaffold boards if landing loaded stillages on a scaffold.
SWL factor for chain slings used in this way is 0.8.
Rubbish skips
Typical
sectionsarrangement of special
under skip, and slingspreaders
steel tube is with steel box
to keep
sling legs vertical.
Keyhole plates on skip lugs are for location purposes not

for lifting.
Skips with specially adapted lifting points are
acceptable providing thorough examination is
undertaken at 6 month intervals.
Beware of rusted skip bottoms, as these can fall out
when the skip is lifted.
Pipes (larger diameter)
For shortslings
webbing pipes,used
passinsling
this through pipe. SWL factor for
way is 1.4.
Pipes (larger diameter) continued
For long pipes,

wrapping useare
if slings twolikely
slingstoinslide
choke hitch, double
together.
Pipes (larger diameter) continued
Where a pipe issling

single webbing being placed
can into an adjacent trench, a
be used.
The Lift
Before lifting the following must be considered:

• Are the slings undamaged and properly attached to the load?
• Is the crane hoist rope vertical?
• Is the load free to be lifted i.e. not fixed to anything else?
•• Are the slings
legs offree
a multi- leggedtangles
of knots, sling equally
etc loaded?
• Are all spare legs of the sling hooked up to the master link on
the lifting hook?
• Is the safety catch on the lifting hook closed
• Are there any obstructions above the load preventing a
straight lift
• Is the master link on the lifting hook free and in the centre
of the bowl of the hook?
• Are all personnel clear of the load?
8/3/2019
The Lift continued Safe Lifting and Slinging
Before lifting the following must be considered:

• Is there a slinger/signaller in position to receive the load?
• Is the landing site prepared to take the load?
• Are the weather conditions acceptable?
•• If
Arerequired, are hand/tag
there sufficient lines attachedintoposition
slingers/signallers the load?
to keep an
eye on the load at all times during the lift and to direct the
crane operator?
8/3/2019
Taking the weight Safe Lifting and Slinging
Once the load

the ground, has been
check that: lifted a short distance above
• The load is balanced and stable
• The legs of the sling are at the correct angles

• Any packing pieces are in place and sound
• The load itself is not over stressed
8/3/2019
During the lift Safe Lifting and Slinging
The
area.load caninnow
While thebe lifted
air, and moved to its landing
avoid:
• Where possible, passing over personnel working on the site
• The public
• Power lines
• Projecting scaffolding
• Air space violation
8/3/2019
Landing the Load Safe Lifting and Slinging
Before landing the load, check that:

• The landing area will take the weight of the load
• There is sufficient weight for the load
• There are strips of timber or similar on which to land the load

such that the slings can be easily removed by hand
8/3/2019
After the lift Safe Lifting and Slinging
Only
from authorised
the load. slingers/signallers are to detach slings
Take care with bundles of pipe/tube and similar items

as they can collapse when landed and pipes can roll
The legs of the sling should now be hooked back onto

the master link, shackle etc on the crane hook.
8/3/2019
Signalling Safe Lifting and Slinging
If radios
should be are chosen, the following method of use
followed:
• All instructions must be repeated continuously for example

“Lower, Lower, Lower…….” until the movement is complete
• If the instructions stop getting through to the crane

operator the load should be brought to a halt immediately
• This will help guard against failure of the radio system
8/3/2019
Signalling continued Safe Lifting and Slinging
If hand signals
employed arethat:
ensuring used, the following signals should be
• There is always a line of sight between the signaller and the

crane operator
• The signaller faces the crane operator whenever signalling
• Visiting crane operators understood the standard hand signals

as detailed in the following slides
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8/3/2019 Safe Lifting and Slinging

Slinging and Lifting

The material in this presentation will concentrate on

• Working in accordance with LOLER

Lifting Operations and Lifting Equipment

• Came into force on 5 December 1998

• Replaced existing legal requirements relating to the

• Aim to reduce risks to people’s health and safety

What does LOLER do?

• positioned and installed to minimise any risks;

Equipment covered by the Regulations

• Any equipment used at work for lifting or lowering

To whom do the Regulations apply?

• Employers and self-employed persons who either

• They do not apply if equipment is being provided

• Employees do not have specific duties under

It should be ensured that all lifting equipment is:

• positioned or installed to prevent the risk of injury

• visibly marked with any appropriate information to

LOLER requirements continued

Additionally, it must be ensured that:

• where equipment is used for lifting people it is

• where appropriate, before lifting equipment

How the Regulations relate to other health

• The MHSWR contain important duties which relate

How are the Regulations enforced?

• Health and safety inspectors enforce the

• If employers have duties under LOLER they will be

• Where there are serious risks, or the requirements

Slinging and Lifting – basic guidance

Slinging and Lifting – basic guidance

Note: the allowable lifting weight is reduced when all

Wire rope slings

Round and webbing slings

These are used for loads that can be easily damaged.

Both of these are designed to minimise the risk of the

Of the two, the C hook is designed not to catch on

Special purpose fittings such as shackles are also used

End fittings continued

Equipment checking/choice of sling

• The load being lifted

• Whether the load is on a pallet

Equipment checking/choice of sling continued

Other points to note include:

one third of the length of the load apart

• For special lifts the slinger/signaller must use the equipment

Safe use of slings

Safe use of slings continued

Protecting the load or sling

The sling and/or load may require protection from

If the sling passes round any sharp corners, then

It is common to use timber packing near the corners of

• A two-legged sling will be marked with its SWL at 90°, and

Two-legged slings continued

• A three-legged sling will be marked with its SWL at 45° and

Three-legged slings continued

Three-legged slings continued

• A four-legged sling will be marked with its SWL at 90° and