LESSON (5): REPRODUCTION IN HUMAN

1. During the formation of the ovum in human female, where does the reduction of chromosomal
number take place?
a. Ovary.
b. Funnel of fallopian tube.
c. First third part of fallopian tube.
d. Last third part of fallopian tube.

2. Which of the following events doesn't occur in fallopian tube?

a. Zygote division.
b. Ovum fertilization.
c. Ovum decay.
d. Primary oocyte division.

3. The ovum remains alive inside the fallopian tube till the………….day from the beginning of
menstrual cycle.
a. 14th c. 16th
b. 15th d. 20th

4. Which choice in the following table expresses the two opposite figures ?

5. The opposite figure represents some vital processes that occur

in the genital system
of human female, study it, then answer:
(1) In which of the following does meiosis (II) take place?
a. (1). c. (3)
b. (2). d. (4).
(2) What is the name of the released cell from structure no. (1)?
a. Primary oocyte.
b. Polar body.
c. Mature ovum.
d. Secondary oocyte
(3) When do you expect the occurrence of process referred by no. (2)?
a. The 12th day from the beginning of menstruation.
b. The 14th day from the beginning of menstruation.
c. The 18th day from the beginning of menstruation.
d. The 19th day from the beginning of menstruation.
6. The opposite figure represents the genital system in human
female, study it, then answer:
(1) What is the hormone that is responsible for the growth
of structure no. (6) indirectly?
a. Estrogen.
b. Progesterone.
c. Follicle stimulating hormone.
d. Relaxin.

(2) What is the reason for preventing the lysis of structure on. (5)?
a. The occurrence of fertilization.
b. Progesterone hormone.
c. The growth of placenta.
d. Estrogen hormone.

(3) Inside which of the following parts does the conversion of primary oocyte into secondary
oocyte occur?
a. (4).
b. (3).
c. (2).
d. (1).

(4) In which of the following parts do the sperms secrete hyaluronidase enzyme?
a. (1).
b. (2).
c. (3).
d. (5).

7. In the following figure that illustrates the fertilization process in

human female:
(1) Which of the following regions represents the layer
containing hyaluronic acid?
a. (1).
b. (2).
c. (3).
d. (2) and (3).

(2) Which of the following parts in the sperm whose absence causes the non-degeneration
of the ovum's coat?
a. (x).
b. (Y).
c. (Z).
d. (X) and (Z).
8. Upon which of the following doesn't the success of ovum fertilization process in fallopian
tube depend?
a. Number of sperms.
b. Activity of sperms.
c. Enzymes of sperms.
d. Type of sperms.

9. From the opposite graph, the death of

sperms is considered the main reason
for the non occurrence of fertilization,
when they arrive to the fallopian tube on
the day represented by the letter………..
a. (W).
b. (X).
c. (Y).
d. (Z).

10. What is the purpose of the production of huge numbers of sperms in the male?
a. The arrival of one sperm to the penetration site of ovum.
b. Being able to share a number of sperms in the fertilization of ovum.
c. Being able to dissolve the ovum's coat.
d. Secretion a large amount of hyaluronic acid.

11. The opposite figure illustrates the fertilization process in

human female, in which of the following stages does the ovum
surround itself with another thick coat?
a. (2).
b. (3).
c. (4).
d. (5).
12. Form your study to the opposite table, answer:

(1) Which of the following probabilities is the greatest to happen, when the sperms reach the
fallopian tube on the 14th day from the beginning of menstruation?
a. Fertilization doesn't occur, due to the death of sperms before reaching the ovum.
b. Fertilization doesn't occur, due to the death of ovum before the sperms reach it.
c. Fertilization takes place, and the sex of embryo is male.
d. Fertilization takes place, and the sex of embryo is female.
(2) Which of the following probabilities is the greatest to happen, when the sperms reach
fallopian tube on the 12th day from the beginning of menstruation?
a. Fertilization doesn't occur, due to the death of sperms before reaching the ovum.
b. Fertilization doesn't occur, due to the death of ovum before the sperms reach it.
c. Fertilization occurs, and the sex of embryo is male.
d. Fertilization occurs, and the sex of embryo is female.

13. Which of the following is applied to the opposite figure?

a. The embryo is at the end of the first stage of pregnancy.
b. The embryo is at the middle of the second stage of pregnancy.
c. The embryo is at the middle of the third stage of pregnancy.
d. The embryo is at the end of the third stage of pregnancy.

14. What is the hormone that nearly stops during the pregnancy period?
a. FSH
b. Prolactin.
c. ADH
d. Relaxin.

15. If in the opposite figure that illustrates a human embryo,

which of the following are considered glandular tissues?
a. (1) and (2).
b. (1) and (3).
c. (2) and (5).
d. (1) and (5).

16. From the opposite figure that illustrates the

fertilization process and splitting of the fertilized ovum,
which of the following statements expresses this accurately
when removing the left ovary before the third month of
pregnancy?
a. The abortion takes place.
b. The abortion doesn't occur, but deformities will occur to the
embryo.
c. The abortion doesn't occur, but it affects the sex of embryo.
d. The abortion doesn't occur and the embryo will grow normally, if there are no other reasons.
17. Which of the following is correct about the reproduction in human?

18. From the opposite figure, the progesterone hormone

stimulates the formation of additional blood vessels in the
structure no. …..
a. (1)
b. (2)
c. (3)
d. (4)

19. Which of the following represents the difference in

concentration of oxygen among the structures that are illustrated in
the opposite figure?
a. The concentration in (X) and (Y) is greater than that in (Z).
b. The concentration in (X) is greater than that in (Y).
c. The concentration in (Z) is greater than that in (X) and (Y).
d. The concentration in (Y) is greater than that in (X).

20. Which of the following is not expected to occur when leaking the amniotic fluid from the
uterus during pregnancy?
a. The exposure of the mother to an early delivery.
b. The decrease in the rate of oxygen that supplies the embryo.
c. The slow movement of the embryo in uterus.
d. The exposure of the embryo to external shocks.
21. Which of the following figures expresses correctly the stages of division in fallopian
tube?
22. In which of the following stages do the cells contain half the genetic set?

a. A
b. B
c. C
d. D

23. Which of the following choices expresses the site where the
illustrated structure in the opposite figure can be present?
a. Fallopian tube.
b. Ovary.
c. Uterine cavity.
d. Endometrium.

24. The opposite graph illustrates a hormone that is

secreted in a pregnant woman body, answer:
(1) What is the hormone that is represented by curve (A)?
a. Estrogen.
b. Progesterone.
c. Prolactin.
d. Oxytocin.
(2) What is the source of secretion of hormone (A)?
a. Anterior lobe of pituitary gland. d. Corpus luteum.
b. Placenta.
c. Posterior lobe of pituitary gland.

(3) What is the role of hormone (A) at point (Y)?

a. Facilitating the delivery process.
b. Relaxing the pubic symphysis.
c. Pushing the milk.
d. The formation of corpus luteum.

25. The opposite figure illustrates some stages

of human embryo formation, study it, then answer:
(1) What is the number of days that is
represented by the letter (Y)?
a. 2
b. 6
c. 7
d. 9
(2) What does this figure illustrate?
a. Fertilization process only.
b. Fertilization and development processes.
c. Development and tissues differentiation processes.
d. Fertilization, development and tissues differentiation processes.

26. Which of the following statements describes the relation between the embryo's blood
and mother's blood?
a. The blood circulation of each one of them is connected, till the complete formation of placenta in the
fourth month of pregnancy.
b. The blood is transferred directly from the mother to embryo throughout the pregnancy
c. The blood circulation of each one of them is separated and the substances are not exchanged
between them.
d. The blood circulation of each one of them is separated, but some substances are transferred
between the two circulations.

27. During the pregnancy period in human female, when does the formation of two ovaries
in the embryo start?
a. Before the first month. c. Before the second month.
b. After a month and half. d. After the third month.

28. In which of the following times from the beginning of pregnancy the sex of embryo can
be determined?
a. Fourth week. c. Tenth week.
b. Sixth week. d. Thirteenth week.

29. What happens when a mutation occurs in a pregnant woman, causing a damage of the
progesterone receptors?
a. Increasing the thickness of endometrium and increasing its activity.
b. The absence of the secondary sex characters in female.
c. The inability of uterus to keep the embryo.
d. Preventing the secretion of two hormones FSH and LH from the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland.
30. How is the embryo of crocodile nourished?
a. By the placenta. c. By the yolk.
b. By the corpus luteum. d. By the uterus.

31. When a chromosomal disturbance is occurred and affected the formation of finger-like
projections in the mother's endometrium, it is certainly that this disturbance is occurred in the
chromosomes of……
a. mother. c. father.
b. embryo. d. mother and embryo.
32. The opposite figure represents the process of
substances exchange by diffusion between the mother's
blood and embryo's blood, study it, then answer:
(1) What does the structure (X) represent?
a. A part of the uterine wall.
b. A part of the amniotic fluid.
c. A part of the placenta.
d. A part of the amnion membrane.

(2) What are the hormones that are secreted from the structure (X)?
a. Estrogen and progesterone.
b. Estrogen and relaxin.
c. Progesterone and relaxin.
d. Prolactin and progesterone.

33. When does the secretion of progesterone hormone decrease in the pregnant woman?
a. On the decrease of estrogen hormone.
b. At the end of 9th month.
c. On the increase of estrogen hormone.
d. At the end of 2nd month.

34. Study the opposite figure, then answer:

(1) What does each of the cell no. (1) and (2) represent
respectively?
a. Polar body / Secondary spermatocyte.
b. Polar body / Secondary oocyte.
c. Polar body / Mature ovum.
d. Primary oocyte / Secondary oocyte.

(2) Where does the process (Z) occur?

a. In the seminiferous tubules.
b. Among the seminiferous tubules.
c. In the ovary.
d. In the first third part of fallopian tube.
(3) Which of the following represents the process of meiosis (II)?
a. (X) and (Y).
b. (Y) and (Z).
c. (Z) and (L).
d. (X) and (
35. What happens when injecting a pregnant woman at the end of the ninth month by the
extract of posterior lobe of pituitary gland secretions?
a. The concentration of urine will decrease.
b. The blood vessels will dilate.
c. She will give birth to a fully developed infant.
d. The abortion will take place.

36. Why do the fertility drugs that are taken by the human female increase the chances of
pregnancy with twins relatively?
a. As they help the morula to be implanted well in the folds of endometrium.
b. As they delay the menstruation stage.
c. As they increase the effect of progesterone on the endometrium.
d. As they stimulate the growth of many follicles in the ovary.

37. Study the opposite figure, then answer

(1) In which of the following adhesion can be occurred between them?
a. Twins no. (1) and (2).
b. Twins no. (2) and (3).
c. Twins no. (1) and (3).
d. Twins no. (1), (2) and (3).

(2) What is present in the uterus of the pregnant mother with these twins?
a. One placenta and one embryonic sac.
b. Two placentas and one embryonic sac.
c. One placenta and three embryonic sacs.
d. Two placentas and two embryonic sacs.

38. Which of the following statements is correct?

a. Fraternal twins always have the same sex.
b. Identical twins always have the same sex.
c. Fraternal twins always differ in the sex.
d. Identical twins always differ in the sex.
39. Which of the following describes the twin in the opposite figure?
a. They may have the same sex.
b. They are Siamese twin.
c. They always have different sex.
d. They always have the same sex.

40. What is the reason for that the fraternal twins may be different in sex?
a. They are formed due to the releasing of two ova.
b. They are formed due to the occurrence of fertilization by two sperms.
c. The presence of a separate embryonic sac for each embryo.
d. The presence of a separate placenta for each embryo.
41. Which of the following characteristics is not always applied to the identical twins?
a. They are formed from one sperm.
b. They are formed from one ovum.
c. They are formed by the division of the fertilized ovum.
d. They are formed inside one embryonic sac.

42. Study the opposite figure that shows some

stages of zygote development. then answer:
The ........ is necessary to start forming these
stages.
a. Entrance of midpiece into the ovum
b. Entrance of sperm head into the ovum
c. Entrance of sperm neck into the ovum
d. Secretion of hyaluronidase enzyme

43. Hyaluronidase enzyme performs its biological function in the. ...........

a. Acrosome
b. Uterus
c. Last third of the fallopian tube
d. First third of the fallopian tube

44. Which of the following figures expresses the fertilization process correctly?

45. The opposite graph illustrates the relationship between number of

sperms (X), in millions, and probability of ovum fertilization (Y), in
humans. Which of the following can be deduced from this graph?
a. Infertility requires the sperm count to reach zero
b. Hyaluronidase amount increases by increasing the sperm count
c. No relation between sperm count and the fertilization probability
d. If sperm count exceeds a certain limit, the fertilization probability drops
46. The process shown in the opposite figure results In…..
a. A diploid zygote that develops to form a normal, complete embryo
b. A diploid zygote that miscarries before fetal development is complete
c. A triploid zygote that miscarries before fetal development is complete
d. No zygote formation, therefore no embryo is formed

47. Study the following graph that illustrates the concentration of two
hormones in a human female during 28 days, then answer.

What are the consequences of the arrival of the sperm to the fallopian tube in the last
hours of period (Y)?
a. Increased secretion of FSH during period (L)
b. The occurrence of the second meiotic division of the secondary oocyte
c. No secretion of progesterone during period (Z)
d. The occurrence of the first meiotic division of the polar body

48. What do you expect to be the most accurate reason for the low fertility of a newly married
20-year-old female?
a. Increased LH receptors
b. Lack of amino acids needed for estrogen synthesis
c. Decreased FSH receptors
d. Lack of fatty acids needed for progesterone synthesis

49. Which choice of the following expresses the changes that occur in the zygote to turn into
a morula?
50. Which of the following figures represents the embryonic stage that is implanted in the
endometrium?

51. In the opposite figure, stage (Y) differs from stage (X) in
all of the following except.......
a. Type of cell division
b. The number of chromosomal sets of cells
c. Increased progesterone and decreased FSH
d. The number and size of endometrial blood vessels

52. The opposite figure represents the female genital system, which
parts are necessary to stabilize the pregnancy in the uterus?
a. (X) and (Z)
b. (Y) and (L)
c. (X) and (L)
d. (Y) and (Z)

53. The opposite figure represents the blood circulation of

the fetus, study it then answer: Which number represents the
functional respiratory system of the fetus?
a. 1
b. 2
c. 3
d. 4

54. The time between the cessation of menstruation and the onset of the next menstruation
in an unmarried adult girl is about………..days
a. 10
b. 14
c. 24
d. 28
55. The opposite figure represents the gas exchange process
that takes place through the placenta, study it then answer.
We can conclude from the figure that…………..
a. The umbilical cord has two veins and only one artery
b. Gas exchange takes place by active transport
c. The fetal blood circulation is directly mixed with the mother's
blood circulation
d. Umbilical cord artery contains deoxygenated blood while its vein
contains oxygenated blood

56. The mother's blood does not mix with the embryo's blood in the placenta, the placenta
prevents the transmission of viruses from mother's blood to embryo's blood.
a. Both statements are correct and related
b. Both statements are incorrect
c. The first statement is correct and the second is incorrect
d. The first statement is incorrect and the second is correct

57. The length of the umbilical cord of the fetus shown in the opposite figure is about
......meter(s).
a. 0.5
b. 0.7
c. 1
d. 3

58. Study the opposite figure that expresses the role of the
placenta during pregnancy, then conclude: (X) and (Y) may
represent which of the following, respectively?
a. Water – glucose
b. Oxygen - carbon dioxide
c. Growth hormone - carbon dioxide
d. White blood cells – water

59. Which of the following organs are formed first after the division of the fertilized ovum?
a. Testis c. Heart
b. Ovary d. Liver

60. Which of the following events coincide with the stage of

embryogenesis shown in the opposite figure?
a. The beginning of the formation of the neck and trunk muscles
b. Complete development of the brain and spinal cord
c. The possibility of identifying the fetus sex by ultrasound begins
d. Increased secretion of parathormone in the mother's blood.