STS REVIEWER
Theories The invention of technology has
Nature of Science
It’s a structured knowledge derived from
observation, study, and experimentation
that aims to uncover the true nature of
what’s being studied. Originating from
the Latin word “scire,” meaning “to
know,” science was initially referred to as
the “Philosophy of the natural world.”
science is a methodical approach that not
only helps us acquire knowledge but also
provides a framework for processing and
understanding information. This
systematic thinking is applicable across
various aspects of life, aiding in problem-
solving and solution-finding.
At the core of scientific advancement lies
the scientific method—a blend of creative
reasoning and hypothesis testing. This
method empowers us to explore and
expand our comprehension of the world
through empirical validation, enhancing
our ability to address challenges
effectively. It is the methodical approach
to analyzing and addressing scientific
problems:
The Scientific Approach
1. Ask a query: The scientific
method begins with a query
about something you have
observed: How, What, When,
Who, Which, Why, or Where?
2. Accomplish Background
Research: Rather than beginning
from scratch when putting
together a strategy to answer
your query, conduct library and
Internet research to help you
locate the best method to
accomplish things and avoid
repeating prior mistakes.
3. Create a Hypothesis: A
hypothesis is a well-informed
guess about how things work. It
is an attempt to answer your
question with a testable
explanation. A good hypothesis
allows you to make the following
prediction:
4. Experiment to Test Your
Hypothesis: Your experiment will
determine whether your
prediction is correct.
An observation is something that is seen
and documented.
A hypothesis is an alternative explanation
for an observation.
A theory is a collection of tested
hypotheses that provide an overall
explanation for a natural phenomenon. It
is an interpretation or explanation of why
nature behaves as it does.
evolve when more information becomes
accessible. The motion of the solar
system, for example, has changed
dramatically since ancient times.
The scientific attitudes
1. Honesty. This attitude enables a
scientist to recognize the
contributions of previous
scientists.
2. A scientist is open to new ideas.
An open-minded mindset helps a
scientist to consider other
options.
3. Critical and creative thinking.
This allows a scientist to come
up with new ideas.
4. Curiosity. It allows a scientist to
learn more about the world
around him.
5. Persistent. It permits a scientist
to continue working on a project
in the face of setbacks and
failures.
6. Objectivity. A scientist must be
objective in declaring the
outcomes of his or her
experiments, and his or her
judgment must be based on
observable phenomena rather
than emotions or personal
biases.
7. Precision. A scientist must
always consider the precision of
his work if it forms a pattern or
repeatedly occurring in nature.
8. Responsibility. The moral, social
and personal responsibility and
accountability of a scientist to all
of his works must be observed.
9. Collaboration. One needs to
consider suggestion and
recommendations of others for
an improved work.
Nature of Technology
Technology, often known as craft science,
is the collection of techniques, skills,
methods, and procedures employed in
the creation of things or services or the
achievement of goals such as scientific
research.
According to Aristotle, man is a social
animal by nature, and anyone who does
not live-in society is either a beast or God.
Man exists in society because he has no
choice. Man exists in society in order to
grow mentally and intellectually.
People form the community that is
society.
RELATIONSHIP AMONG SCIENCE,
TECHNOLOGY AND SOCIETY
Science and technology are the best
things a society could wish for. Science
has been evolving since the 18th century’s
industrial revolution. Energy, physical
sciences, information and communication
are just a few of the industries that have
benefited from science and technology.
immensely benefited civilization.
The assessment of this relationship has
emerged as a significant field of study.
STS is being recognized as important by
public interest groups and academic
organizations all around the world. The
reason for this is that people must
comprehend that science and technology
affect humans. Nanotechnology, genetic
engineering, and, robots are among the
concerns that have brought policymakers
and scientists together to find a solution.
Science and technology have truly made
significant contributions to man’s
perception of himself. Science has
changed people’s perceptions on man’s
origin and location. The findings of
scientific discoveries have altered man’s
understanding of his conduct and origin
in a variety of ways. Today’s scientific
experiments have an impact on society in
some form.
Positive Impacts of Technology on Society
1. Technology Has Mechanized
Agriculture
Various technology improvements have
resulted in better efficiency, higher yields,
and more sustainable farming practices
over the years.
2. Technology Has Improved
Transportation
In the modern era, technology has
wrought transformative changes in
transportation, reshaping the way
societies and economies function on a
global scale.
3. Technology Has Improved
Healthcare Services
Globally, the integration of technology
has revolutionized healthcare services,
ushering in an era of improved patient
outcomes, enhanced diagnostics, and
greater accessibility. Telemedicine, for
instance, has transcended geographical
barriers, allowing patients to consult with
specialists from around the world
through virtual platforms.
4. Technology Has Improved
Communication
Technology has undoubtedly
revolutionized communication on a global
scale, reshaping the way individuals,
businesses, and societies interact.
5. Technology Has Improved
Education and Learning Process
Technology has brought about a
revolution in education, reshaping how
we learn and teach.
6. Technology has Improved
Business or Job Opportunities
Technology has broadened company
horizons and job opportunities, fostering
a vibrant and integrated global economy.
7. Technology has Improved
Entertainment
Technology has reshaped entertainment
by increasing access to a diverse range of
content via digital channels.
Negative Impacts of Technology on
Society
1. Resource Depletion
Resource depletion is one of the negative
effects of technology on civilization, as
excessive technological growth can strain
natural resources and harm the
environment.
2. Increased Pollution
Increased pollution is a prominent
negative impact of rapid technological
advancement on civilization. The
development of industrial operations, as
well as the widespread use of vehicles,
electronics, and fossil-fuel-powered
energy sources, have all led to increased
levels of air, water, and soil pollution.
These pollutants can harm human health,
ecosystems, and the environment as a
whole.
3. Cyber-Sickness
Cyber-sickness, or digital motion sickness,
is the discomfort experienced when using
digital devices, especially during virtual
reality or prolonged screen exposure. For
instance, using VR headsets that simulate
movement can lead to feelings of nausea
due to conflicts between visual cues and
the body's sense of balance. Motion-
heavy video games and applications can
trigger similar symptoms.
4. Unemployment
Unemployment is a concerning outcome
of technological advancements, where
automation and artificial intelligence can
replace human jobs. For instance, in
manufacturing, robots are increasingly
taking over tasks that were once
performed by human workers.
FIELDS OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
AND THE PRESERVATION OF COASTAL
RESOURCES AND MANAGEMENT
1. Life Sciences. It is commonly
defined by sciences that pertain
to living organisms like marine
microorganisms, plants, animals,
and most importantly human
beings.
2. Engineering. Empowered
humans to construct tailored
solutions that cater to their
unique requirements. This
discipline involves the
application of technology to
create practical innovations that
enhance human well-being.
3. Agriculture is a multidisciplinary
science that encompasses a wide
range of techniques, including
land cultivation, crop and
livestock management, farming
practices, and the stewardship of
terrestrial ecosystems. In the
Philippines, agriculture is a vital
economic sector.
4. Aquaculture involves the
cultivation of aquatic animals
and plants to provide food
resources.
5. Metal Industry involves the
creation and innovation of
metallic and steel products.
6. Food and nutrition delves into
the complex interplay between
our dietary habits, the scientific
and technological aspects of
food production, and the wider
societal consequences of our
food choices.
7. Forestry encompasses the
interdisciplinary practice and
science of sustainably managing,
conserving, and utilizing forests
and wooded areas.
8. Disaster risk management
involves a systematic approach
that utilizes administrative
directives, organizational
structures, and operational
expertise to execute strategies
and policies aimed at enhancing
coping capacities. Its primary
objective is to mitigate the
negative consequences of
hazards and minimize the
potential for disasters
9. Health refers to a state of
complete physical, mental, and
social well-being, encompassing
not merely the absence of illness
or disease.
MODULE 2
ANCIENT TIMES
The Sumerian Civilization
The first civilization emerged in Sumer,
the southern region of ancient
Mesopotamia (Iraq and Kuwait) about
3500 B.C.E. Between the desert of
Arabian Peninsula, running from the
eastern Mediterranean cost to the plains
of great Tigris and Euphrates rivers lays a
fertile soil that generated several features
characteristic of civilization including
system of farming, writing, expanded
cities, complex social structure,
distinctive religious beliefs and artistic
styles.
Technical Innovations:
-Cuneiform is the first form of writing
developed by Sumerian. It was a system
that utilizes word pictures and triangular
symbols, baked on clay tablets, which
were turned into symbols and gradually
transformed into phonetic elements. It
recorded data, generated scientific
knowledge and promoted trade.
-The Sumerians, around 4500 BC, are
credited with remarkable invention of the
wheel, which had a profound impact on
human civilization.
-SAILBOAT. The Sumerians were pioneers
in devising effective methods to manage
water flow and cultivate crops, marking a
significant advancement in early
civilizations. Their innovative irrigation
systems consisted of an intricate network
of canals, dikes, basins, dams and levees.
-The Ziggurat, an architectural marvel of
the Sumerian, stands as testament to
their religious devotion and advanced
construction techniques.
-The Sumerians’ invention of the plow
marked a crucial advancement in
agriculture that revolutionized their
society. The introduction of the plow
transformed cultivation by allowing
farmers to till larger areas of land more
efficiently.
Babylonian Civilization
The Babylonians are known for their
advances in astronomy and mathematics
in science and technology. Their
painstaking observations of celestial
movements resulted in the creation of
precise calendars, which were necessary
for agricultural and religious purposes.
Contributions:
“Enuma Anu Enlil,” a collection of
cuneiform tablets with astronomical and
meteorological information.
The Babylonian base-60 numerical system
also laid the foundation for modern
timekeeping and geometric calculations.
In the realm of law, the Babylonians
established the famous Code of
Hammurabi, one of the earliest known
legal codes. This code established
principles of justice and governance,
illustrating their understanding of the
importance of a structured legal
framework for societal stability.
The Hanging Gardens of Babylon, counted
among the Seven Wonders of the Ancient
World, stand as a captivating emblem of
the grandeur exhibited by the Babylonian
Empire.
Egyptian Civilization
Egyptian civilization formed by 3000 B.C.E
along the Nile River. They benefited from
trade and technological influence from
Mesopotamia, but they produced a very
different society and culture. More stable
that Sumer and protected from the main
invasion route by desert, Egyptian
civilization flourished for more than 2000
years before beginning to decline about
1000 B.C.E.
Inventions:
Hieroglyphics- writing system to keep
written records. Some writing was
preserved on stone or clay, while others
were preserved on papyrus.
pyramids were monumental structures
built by ancient Egyptians for pharaohs
and elites. The shape represents the sun’s
rays converging on the pharaoh’s soul.
Pyramids also showcased advanced
engineering and organizational skills of
the civilization.
cosmetics held cultural and religious
significance. They used kohl for eye
makeup, believed to protect from evil
spirits and the sun’s glare. Women and
men wore makeup for beautification and
health. Cosmetics also had practical
benefits, shielding against sun and eye
infections. Wigs helped protect their
heads from the sun, provided relief from
lice and other pests, and were a practical
solution for managing hair in a hot
climate.
Mummification is the technique of
preserving a corpse’s skin and flesh. They
wanted to keep their pharaoh alive
because they believe in the afterlife.
sundials and water clocks. Timekeeping
devices. Sundials divided the day into
pieces by utilizing the passage of the
sun’s shadow. Clepsydra, or water clocks,
counted time by regulating the flow of
water from one container to another,
allowing them to gauge hours and even
designate nocturnal intervals.
GREEK CIVILIZATION
Around 800 B.C.E., Greek culture began
to develop across the Greek peninsula,
islands, and surrounding eastern
Mediterranean regions. This period,
known as the Archaic Period, saw the
emergence of city-states such as Athens
and Sparta, each with its own political,
social, and cultural institutions.
Water mills have been used for metal
shaping, agriculture, and, most crucially,
milling all throughout the world
cartography has played an important role
not only in travel and navigation, but also
in domains such as exploration, urban
planning, military strategy, and scientific
study.
Hippocrates was a Classical-era Greek
physician who is regarded as one of the
most outstanding personalities in medical
history. He was known as the “Father of
Western Medicine” and he founded the
Hippocratic School of Medicine.
ROMAN CIVILIZATION
Romans were more focused on
engineering. Greek science, massive
architectural forms, sculpture, and
theater were all utilized and replicated by
the Romans.
The earliest Roman aqueducts were
completed around 312 BC
Ancient Rome was the birthplace of
Roman numerals.
Acta Diurna – comprehensive system for
disseminating written news,
CHINESE CIVILIZATION
The Chinese civilization began along the
Huanghe, or Yellow River. It was founded
by nomadic warriors and lasted six
centuries. The critical irrigation systems
started by the previous occupants of the
Yellow River Basin were considerably
enlarged and enhanced. They also
created a writing system that has been
important to Chinese identity, unity, and
civilized growth.
Silk was widely used in several industries,
including writing, fishing, and musical
instruments. It was primarily used by
emperors and upper-class society.
Tea was discovered by the Chinese
emperor Shennong in 2737 BC.
Kites were used to carry messages for
search and rescue missions, to test the
wind, estimate distance, and for military
communication.
south pointer. Considered south to be
the cardinal direction, and the earliest
compass was made with a lodestone
pointing south.
wheelbarrow was invented by Prime
Minister Zhuge Liangof Shu Han. The
wheelbarrow was invented to transport
military weapons as well as injured and
dead soldiers from the battlefield.
seismograph, known as “Houfeng
Didong,” to measure earth motions and
seasonal winds.
Sulfur, charcoal, and potassium nitrate
(saltpeter) were used to create the first
chemical explosive known as gunpowder
or black powder.
The Great Wall of China was constructed
by Qin Shi Huang, China’s first emperor,
to safeguard the country from northern
invaders.
MEDIEVAL AGES
The Medieval Era, often known as the
Middle Ages or the Dark Ages, began
around 500 A.D. The Roman Emperor
suffered a significant loss of influence
throughout Europe. The Middle Ages
lasted around 1,000 years and ended
around 1450 A.D.
1. As Christianity grew in
popularity, enormous cathedrals
were constructed.
2. Building magnificent palaces for
the local nobility (castle etc)
3. The astrolabe crucial tool for
estimating time, calculating
elevations, and assisting in many
scientific and mathematical
computations.
4. Printing. Johannes Gutenberg
invented the first mechanical
printing machine. The Bible was
the first printed book, with a run
of 150 copies in 1456.
5. The microscope.
6. Mechanical clock
7. Eyeglasses.
MODERN ERA
The First Industrial Revolution
The Romantic period incited rebellion,
with two of the greatest revolutions, the
American and French, stemming from this
era. Thus, the Modern period emerged as
the Romantics waned, and this cultural
shift forever changed the world.
the late modern period extended until
the conclusion of World War II, marking a
transformative phase in human history.
The era succeeding the Middle Ages is
termed modern history.
Inventions
1. Steam power.
2. Photography
3. Cotton gin is a machine that
separates cotton fibers from
their seeds fast and easily,
allowing for far higher output
than hand cotton separation.
4. Typewriters.
5. Telegraph- transformed
communication. N 1836, Samuel
F. B. Morse invented the
telegraph.
6. Sewing machine- In 1844, Elias
Howe invented the sewing
machine.
7. Powerloom- In 1785, Edmund
Cartwright devised the power
loom. It transformed the way
cloth was woven by making it
considerably easier.
THE SECOND INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION
Bulb. Thomas Edison invented electric
light bulbs in 1879 for cheaper, cleaner,
and more convenient electric lighting.
The telephone. 1876, Alexander Graham
Bell
The motor car. Nicolas Otto
The movies. Auguste and Louis Lumière
just over a century ago
The X-rays. Wilhelm Rontgen, a German
physicist
Communication radio. Heinrich Hertz, a
German physicist, was the first to
demonstrate their existence, but it was
Guglielmo Marconi who established the
world’s first radio stations to send and
receive Morse code.
Flight.
Atomic bomb
Rockets and space flights
THE THIRD SCIENTIFIC TECHNICAL
REVOLUTION
The electronic silicon chip was invented in
the 1960s
computers became smaller and more
powerful as a result.
The CD was invented in 1984, and the
digital revolution began.
The internet has provided us with access
to billions of papers containing
information and photos, as well as online
shopping and banking.
Mobile telephone technology has
revolutionized communication, providing
us with immediate connections to friends
and family.
the realm of genetics has experienced
monumental leaps since the elucidation
of DNA’s structure in 1953.
MODULE 3
INTELLECTUAL REVOLUTION THAT
DEFINED SOCIETY
The term intellectual revolution refers to
Greek speculation about nature in the
period before Socrates (between 600 and
400 BCE). Experts believe that there are
appropriate words for IR, and these are
pre- Socratic, non-theological, or first
philosophy.
There are three characteristic features of
the Greek intellectual revolution in verse
form. First, the world is not a product of
supernatural forces that make things
happen; it is a natural whole entity.
Second, there are laws of nature that
people strongly believe in and follow
because it is highly immoral to ignore
them. Third, humans of high and
respectable intellect discovered these
laws of nature
Ptolemy, a Greek philosopher, created
the geocentric universe model in 140 AD.
The sun, moon, planets, and stars all had
circular orbits around the earth.
The Copernican Revolution
Nicolaus Copernicus- founded the
heliocentric thoery. The heliocentric
hypothesis that the earth is just another
planet orbiting the sun resulted from this.
Kepler and Newton’s discoveries turned
Nicolaus Copernicus’s Sun-centred
system into a dynamic universe, with the
Sun actively pushing the planets around
in noncircular orbits.
ASTRONOMY
The Darwinian Revolution
 BIOLOGY
 Charles Robert Darwin, an
English naturalist, popularized the theory
of evolution by natural selection, which
became the foundation of modern
evolutionary studies. His theory sets
about explaining the progressive changes
that occur within species down the
generations
 Natural selection shapes
adaptations and differentiates between
the reproductive successes of individuals.
Adaptations are anatomical structures,
physiological processes, or patterns of
behaviour that contribute to ancestral
survival through the unique suitability of
those traits(Crawford, 1998).
Theory of Evolution
1. Evolution is not progressive
2. Evolution is not an argument for
the status quo
3. 3.Evolution provides complexity
from simplicity
Freudian Revolution (PSYCHOLOGY)
Sigmund Freud was an Austrian
neurologist and the founder of
psychoanalysis. His work and theories
helped shape our views of childhood,
personality, memory, sexuality, and
therapy. His ideas have become
interwoven into the fabric of our culture,
with terms such as “Freudian slip”,
“repression”, and “denial” appearing
regularly in everyday language.
He also proposed that personality was
made up of three key elements, the id,
the ego, and the superego.
One of his most enduring ideas is the
concept of the unconscious mind, which
is a reservoir of thoughts, memories, and
emotions that lie outside the awareness
of the conscious mind.
MODULE 4
SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY IN NATION
BUILDING
Pre-Spanish Period
Filipinos were already familiar with how
to extract medication from herbs and the
therapeutic and medicinal characteristics
of plants
they already had an alphabet known as
baybayin, an indigenous Indic script.
A calendar, a weighing and measuring
system, and a numeral system are also
present. There were already farmers,
shipbuilders, miners, and weavers among
the Filipinos.
The Banaue Rice Terraces are among the
sophisticated products of engineering by
pre-Spanish era Filipinos. It is commonly
thought that the terraces were built with
minimal equipment, largely by hand. The
terraces are occasionally called the
“Eighth Wonder of the World".
Spanish Colonial Period
The Spanish colonization of the
Philippines is facilitated by the
development of science and technology.
By building forts, churches, roads, and
bridges, they also contributed
contemporary construction techniques to
the engineering sector. They established
scientific institutions and formalized
instruction.
the Manila Cathedral is where the rich
and elite families of the capital used to
hear mass on Sunday mornings during the
Spanish era. The cathedral is still a
favorite venue for high-profile weddings
and events and was first built out of
bamboo, nipa, and wood in 1581
Parish schools were established where
religion, reading, writing, arithmetic and
music was taught
The study of medicine in the Philippines
was given priority in the Spanish era.
Colleges and universities were
established including the University of
Santo Tomas.
The Galleon Trade have accounted in the
Philippine colonial economy. Trade was
given more focus by the Spaniard colonial
authorities due to the prospects of big
profits.
The opening of the Suez Canal provides
an opportunity for the Filipino to study in
Europe. But health and education
systems were only enjoyed by principalia
class.
American Period
July 1, 1901 the Philippine Commission
established the Bureau of Government
Laboratories under the Department of
Interior. The Bureau dealt with the study
of tropical diseases and laboratory
projects. On October 26, 1905, the
Bureau of Government Laboratories was
replaced by the Bureau of Science. The
Bureau of Science became the primary
research center of the Philippines until
World War II. Its focus is on agriculture,
food processing, medicine and pharmacy.
On December 8, 1933, the National
Research Council of the Philippines was
established. It is considered as the oldest
scientific organization that promotes
country’s scientific development.
In 1946, the Bureau of Science was
replaced by the Institute of Science. The
lack of support of experimental work and
minimal budget for scientific research
and low salaries of scientist leads to
establishment of the National Science
Development Board. It was supported
by Science Act of 1958 during the regime
of President Carlos P. Garcia.
President Ferdinand Marcos
He declared that the “advancement of
science and technology is the key for
national development.”
He wanted to reduce “brain drain” by
providing medical interns do a tour of
duty in provincial hospitals to arouse
their social conscious for the love of the
country.
On April 6, 1968, he proclaimed 35
hectares in Bicutan, Taguig, Rizal as the
site of the Philippine Science Community.
In 1970, He established the Philippine
Coconut Research Institute to the NSDB
to modernize the coconut industry. The
NSDB also established the Philippine
Textile Research Institute.
Marcos assisted 107 institutions in
undertaking nuclear energy work by
sending scientists to study nuclear
science and technology abroad, and
providing basic training to 482 scientists,
doctors, engineers, and technicians. It
leads to the creation of Bataan Nuclear
Power plant that was never operated
because of the anomalies and geographic
location.
He established the Philippine
Atmospheric Geophysical and
Astronomical Services Administration
(PAGASA) under the Department of
National Defense to provide
environmental protection and to utilize
scientific knowledge to ensure the safety
of the people.
In 1973, he created the Philippine
National Oil Company to promote
industrial and economic development
through effective and efficient use of
energy sources.
In 1976, he enacted a law under
Presidential Decree No. 1003-A, s. 1976
to establish the National Academy of
Science and Technology, which is
composed of scientists with “innovative
achievement in the basic and applied
sciences,”
In 1978, he created a Task Force on the
formulation of a national action program
on science and technology to assess
policies and programs of science and
technology.
In July 23, 1979, the government invested
funds and time in organizations for
scientific .
In 1979, he constituted the Health
Sciences Center as an autonomous
member within the University of the
Philippines System to improve the
internal organization and unity of
leadership within its units.
In 1980, he created the National
Committee on Geological Sciences to
advise government and private entities
on matters concerning development in
geological sciences.
In 1982, he reorganized the National
Science Development Board and its
agencies into a National Science and
Technology Authority to provide central
direction and coordination of scientific
and technological research and
development.
He enacted a law on the completion of
the National Agriculture and Life Sciences
Research Complex at the University of the
Philippines at Los Baños.
Fifth Republic
Corazon Aquino’s presidency (1986)
the National Science and Technology
Authority were replaced by the
Department of Science and Technology.
On August 8, 1988, Corazon Aquino
created the Presidential Task Force for
Science and Technology which came up
with the first Science and Technology
Master Plan or STMP.
Free Public Secondary Education Act of
1988 opened doors to free education up
to the secondary level, implemented in
the education system together with this
was the “Science for the Masses
Program” which aimed at scientific and
technological literacy among Filipinos.
A Research and Development Plan was
also formulated to examine and
determine which areas of research
needed attention.
President Fidel Ramos
The government provided 3,500
scholarships for students who were
taking up professions related to S&T.
Schools were becoming more modernized
and updated with the addition of high-
tech equipment for student improvement
and teachers were getting training
programs to benefit themselves and their
students.
Health care services were promoted
through local programs such as “Doctors
to the Barrio Program.”
Priority for S&T personnel increased
when Magna Carta for Science and
Technology Personnel was established.
Fidel V. Ramos believes that science and
technology was one of the means
wherein the Philippines could attain the
status of new industrialized country (NIC).
LAWS ENACTED
1.Magna Carta for Science and
Technology Personnel (Republic Act No.
8439);
2.Science and Technology Scholarship
Law of 1994 (Republic Act No. 7687) and
3.Inventors and Inventions Incentives Act
(Republic Act No. 7459).
4.The Intellectual Property Code of the
Philippines (Republic Act No. 8293)
President Joseph Estrada’s
Philippine Clean Air Act of 1999 (PCAA)
PCAA was designed to protect and
preserve the environment and ensure the
sustainable development of its natural
resources
Electronic Commerce Act of 2000 (ECA).
Outlaws computer hacking and provides
opportunities for new businesses
emerging from the Internet-driven New
Economy.
President Estrada launched a full-scale
program based on cost-effective irrigation
technologies.
Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo
“golden age” of science and technology
Local Government Unit (LGU) under the
1991 Local Government Code (RA 7160)
and more recently defined in the 1998
Fisheries Code (RA 8550). Primary
mandate for managing municipal/coastal
waters out to a distance of 15 km from
the shoreline
R.A. 9367 or the “Biofuels” act. This act
promotes the development and usage of
biofuels throughout the country.
imposes Republic Act 10601 which
improves the Agriculture and Fisheries
Sector through Mechanization (AFMech).
RA 10601 covers research, development,
and extension (RDE), promotion,
distribution, supply, assembling,
manufacturing, regulation, use,
operation, maintenance and project
implementation of agricultural and
fisheries machinery and equipment.
The Executive Order No.533 adopting
Integrated Coastal Management as a
national strategy to ensure the
sustainable development of the country’s
coastal and marine environment and
resources and establishing, supporting
mechanism for the implementation was
also signed last July 6, 2006..
President Benigno Aquino III
proposed 10 ways to fix basic education
in the country.
Kindergarten to grade-12 is an education
system under the Department of
Education that aims to enhance learners’
basic skills, produce more competent
citizens, and prepare graduates for
lifelong learning and employment.
President Rodrigo Roa Duterte
The science and technology sector is top
priority
Philippine Space Technology Program
which launched Diwata-2 in 2018 after
the launch of Diwata in 2016 that
displayed the Philippine flag in space.
lead the recognition of 23 agri-fishery
movers conferred outstanding under the
Gawad Saka: Outstanding Farmers and
Fisherfolk for their share in the national
agriculture growth last year, which
reached 3.95%.
Universal Health Care Act (RA 11223) –
This ensures equitable access to quality
and cost-effective health care goods and
services to all Filipinos.
Bayanihan to Heal As One Act (RA 11469)
and Bayanihan to Recover as One Act (RA
11494) – The foundation that guides the
Philippines’ exceptional pandemic
response, which has not only inspired
unity in various groups, but supported
every Filipino through the provision of
free vaccinations, health benefits, and
assistance in cash and kind to all,
especially the frontliners.
Bayanihan to Heal As One Act contains a
national policy on the emergency
response toward Covid-19
Bayanihan to Recover as One Act aims to
empower the government to stimulate
the economy while strengthening the
health sector in correspondence to the
pandemic.
PROMINENT FILIPINOS IN THE FIELD OF
SCIENCE
Ramon Cabanos Barba ONS
Filipino inventor and horticulturist
best known for inventing a way to induce
more flowers in mango trees using ethrel
and potassium nitrate.
Barba was proclaimed a National Scientist
of the Philippines in June 2014
Lourdes J. Cruz
a Filipino biochemist
contributed to the understanding of the
biochemistry of toxic peptides from the
venom of fish-hunting Conus marine
snails. T
she is known as the Sea Snail Venom
Specialist
Josefino C. Comiso.
deep ocean convection and the influence
of polynyas and Odden on bottom water
formation
phytoplankton blooms and relationships
with the sea ice cover
climate change signals as revealed by the
changing sea ice cover and accelerated
warming in the Arctic region.
He was the chief scientist in many NASA
aircraft missions in the Arctic and
Antarctic
Fabian Millar Dayrit
research interests include natural
products chemistry and environmental
chemistry.
For natural products, he studies various
aspects of the quality of virgin coconut
oil. Current research going on is the
potential use of virgin coconut oil (VCO)
against Alzheimer’s dichemistr
Spirulina algae is also being studied for
commercial production of cheap fish
feed, as well as the bioengineering of
algae to produce more high-value
compounds such as phycobili proteins.
Angel Chua Alcala ONS
Filipino biologist
named a National Scientist of the
Philippines in 2014.
Alcala is known for his fieldwork to build
sanctuaries and to promote biodiversity
in the aquatic ecosystems of the
Philippines.
Dr. Edgardo Gomez
Filipino marine biologist
founding director of the Marine Science
Institute at the University of the
Philippines Diliman
made major contributions to baseline
mapping in the country, helping define
the extent of its territory especially in
highly-contested areas like the Spratly
Islands and Scarborough Shoal.
Dr. William G. Padolina
significant contributions in the field of
natural products chemistry, coconut
chemistry, biotechnology and in
management of research and
development.
Dr.Enrique Mapua Ostrea Jr
Neonatologist
his contributions to the field of pediatrics,
neonatal hyperbilirubinemia and
neonatal drug addiction
including his pioneering work on the
detection of fetal exposure to drugs,
tobacco, alcohol and environmental
toxicants by analysis of meconium, a
newborn’s first stools.
Dr. Emil Q. Javier
is recognized for his significant
contributions to plant breeding research
in rice, maize, sorghum, coconut, abaca,
and tropical grasses and legumes
his pioneering and award-winning
research and extension work in tropical
pastures agronomy and utilization in
integrated crop-livestock farming
systems.
Dr. Cesar A. Saloma
is recognized for his outstanding
researches and accomplishments in the
field of instrumentation physics that have
resulted in the development of new
techniques and methods of measuring
physical signals, signal sampling and
reconstruction.
MODULE 5
HUMAN FLOURISHING AND THE GOOD
LIFE
Concept of Human Flourishing
Human flourishing is defined as an effort
to achieve self-actualization and
fulfillment within the context of a larger
community of individuals, each with the
right to pursue his or her own such
efforts.
The term "eudaimonia" is a classical
Greek word, commonly translated as
“happiness”, but perhaps better
described as well-being, human
flourishing,” or “the good life”. Unlike our
everyday concept of happiness,
eudaimonia is not a state of mind, nor is
it simply the experience of joys and
pleasures.
According to St. Augustine, “Human
beings are endowed with a power that he
calls the will.” He emphasizes the will as
the center of freedom. Augustine, who
has a libertarian view, sees our will as a
free choice. So for whatever we may
choose to do, we become solely
responsible for our actions, which are
caused by external factors instead of
internal ones.
Human Flourishing in the Progress of
Science and Technology
Human flourishing is positively related to
rational man’s attempts to externalize his
values and actualize his internal views of
how things ought to be in the outside
world. Practical reasons can be used to
choose, create, and integrate all the
values and virtues that comprise personal
flourishing.
To flourish, a man must pursue goals that
are both rational for him individually and
as a human being. Living rationally means
dealing with the world conceptually.
Living consciously implies respect for the
facts of reality.
“Reality” is not something absolute that
human beings can ever know once and
for all; it is relative in the most literal
sense of the word it exists only in
relations. Reality ‘in itself, therefore, is
inaccessible for human beings. As soon as
we perceive or try to understand it, it is
not in itself anymore, but ‘reality for
us.’(Heidegger, 1977.p.13)
Everything we perceive, think of, or
interact with emerges out of
concealment, in Heidegger’s words. By
entering into a particular relationship
with reality, reality is revealed in a
specific way. And this is where
technology comes in, since technology is
the way of revealing that characterizes
our time. Technology embodies specific
way of revealing the world, a way in
which humans’ take power over reality.
While the ancient Greeks experienced the
making of something as helping
something to come into being, as
Heidegger explains by analyzing classical
texts and words, modern technology is
rather a forcing something into being.
Technology reveals the world as raw
material, available for production and
manipulation.
Relationship between Human Flourishing
and Good Life
For Seligman, the good life entails using
our character strengths to engage in
activities we find intrinsically fulfilling,
during work and play, and in our
relationships.
For Seligman, ‘the good life’ has three
strands. Positive emotion is much more
than mere ‘happiness.’ Seligman’s
conclusion is that happiness has three
dimensions that can be cultivated: the
Pleasant Life, the Good Life, and the
Meaningful Life. The Pleasant Life is
realized if we learn to savor and
appreciate such basic pleasures as
companionship, the natural environment,
and our bodily needs.
Positive emotions include hope, interest,
joy, love, compassion, pride, amusement,
and gratitude. Positive emotions are a
prime indicator of flourishing, and they
can be cultivated or learned to improve
wellbeing (Fredrickson, 2001).
When individuals can explore, savor, and
integrate positive emotions into daily life
and visualizations of future life, it
improves habitual thinking and acting.
Positive emotions can undo the harmful
effects of negative emotions and promote
resilience. Increasing positive emotions
helps individuals build physical,
intellectual, psychological, and social
resources that lead to resilience and
overall wellbeing.
Ways to build positive emotion may
include:
1. Spend time with people you care
about (Kok et al., 2013).
2. Do and creative activities that
you enjoy (Conner et al., 2018).
3. Listen to uplifting or inspirational
music (Juslin & Sakka, 2019).
4. Reflect on things you are
grateful for and what is going
well in your life(Emmons &
McCullough, 2003).
THE GOOD LIFE ACCORDING TO
PHILOSOPHERS
Plato about the Good Life
Plato believed that any object, whether
animal or human, has a natural function.
Discovering that function is the first step
in living the good life, and it is followed by
acting on that function.
Since Plato’s philosophy of the good life
applies to all things, some functions are
easier to discover and act upon than
others. For example, a chair has the
natural function of being sat upon. When
it comes to mankind, however, Plato felt
that the natural function was more
complicated, requiring that man live
justly and achieve unity and harmony.
Plato felt that the soul of man had three
parts, consisting of intellect, spirit,
courage, and physical desires. Each part
has its own needs. However, to live a
good life, the needs of each of the three
parts of the soul must be met without
interfering with the needs of the other
two parts. These needs are basic. For
example, the physical desires of the soul
are fulfilled by good health and survival.
Reaching a level of balance is only the
first step in living a good life. Plato felt
that mankind’s nature required more
than simply existing in Nature requires
that an individual use intellect and reason
to search for the truth, pursue further
knowledge, and seek ultimate reality.
Aristotle about the Good Life
In Aristotle’s best-known work,
Nicomachean Ethics, the philosopher
adds important insights about the good
life. Aristotle to construct a framework by
developing an understanding of the
highest good for human points out that
to most people, the highest good consists
either in the acquisition of wealth, the
pursuit of honor, or the satisfying of
bodily pleasures. As a result, most people
act accordingly. They seek wealth. Honor,
or satisfaction and thereby hope to
ultimately attain happiness. Aristotle,
however, points out that none of these
aspects can ever serve as the highest
good. Firstly, he argues that wealth is
primarily used to acquire other things. In
itself, wealth cannot make one happy.
Secondly, honor might not necessarily
contribute to a person’s happiness.
Instead, honor is primarily sought to
change how people think of us. Thirdly,
the desire to fulfill one's desires Is not
something limited to human beings
alone. Animals are seeking pleasure, too.
Even more so, by orienting one’s life
primarily to the satisfaction of bodily
pleasures, a human being behaves no
differently than an animal. According to
Aristotle, such a life is neither fit nor
meant for human beings.
From this, Aristotle concludes that the
highest good cannot consist primarily of
these three aspects. Instead, the highest
good should be something that aims to
maximize the inherent faculties of man. It
helps human beings develop that which
separates them from animals. In line with
this argument, the capacity for reason is
what separates man from cattle.
Based on his reflections, Aristotle
highlights the essential qualities of the
good life. These qualities primarily consist
of contemplation and learning. It is
through the process of contemplating
and learning that intellectual virtues are
steadily acquired. These virtues can, for
instance, stem from the acquisition of
knowledge about the fundamental
principles of nature. Furthermore, this
knowledge can be expanded by applying
the principles of nature.
However, contemplation and acquiring
knowledge are not enough to live a good
life. Solely understanding nature’s
principles and contemplating them does
not contribute to the highest good. It is
only through proper action that
knowledge can be put to proper use.
Hence, the development of a strong and
virtuous character is necessary to
perform the right actions. Aristotle
therefore concludes that the highest
good consists of the acquisition of both
intellectual and personal virtues. And, by
living in accordance with the highest
good, happiness can be attained.
Consequently, a person achieves
happiness through contemplation,
learning, and the mental strength to
perform the right actions. Such a person
does not only know what is right, but also
acts accordingly and derives happiness,
fulfillment, and purpose from it.
Socrates about the Good Life
According to Socrates, an unexamined life
is not worth living. Living life without ever
reflecting on it is not worth living. The
person who unquestioningly and
continuously repeats the cycle of waking
up, working, and going back to sleep is
not living the good life. Even further,
people who do not reflect on the nature
of things are not living a worthwhile life.
If a person does not examine what value
and why, the chances of them being able
to live a good life are reduced.
Examining, reflecting, and questioning the
nature of things, however, is not enough.
Similarly, it’s not enough to reflect on
your personal values. Living the good life
requires you to become a Master of
yourself. Socrates compared this process
to a charioteer directing two horses.
Socrates argued that each and every one
of us is such a charioteer. We all have to
handle two horses. The first horse is
stubborn. It is a direct reflection of our
animal instincts, which have a boundless
appetite for lust and pleasure. The first
horse goes in whatever direction it
pleases, if not tightly controlled. It is
egotistical and does not reflect what it
does. It simply does. The second horse
has a much nobler and more sensible
spirit. It resembles reason and man’s
capability to reflect upon what he does.
The Three Central Aspects of the Good
Life
-SELF-MASTERY
-LEARNING CONTEMPLATION
-CIVIC ENGAGEMENT
When you have developed self-mastery,
you have the ability to control yourself in
all situations, and you move forward
consciously and steadily towards your
goals. You know your purpose, and you
have the self- discipline needed to do
things in a deliberate, focused, and
honorable way.
Self-mastery is the ability to take control
of your own life. It allows you to
recognize and understand your thought
processes, habits and behaviors. It is
therefore a choice; the way in which you
choose to be within the world. The path
to self-mastery begins with developing
your self-awareness. T requires
developing seven essential skills: self-
awareness, self-discipline, emotional
intelligence, positive thinking, goal
setting, time management, and stress
management
Civic engagement means participating in
activities intended to improve the quality
of life in one’s community by addressing
issues of public concern, such
homelessness, pollution, or food
insecurity, and developing the knowledge
and skills needed to address those issues.
Civic engagement can involve a wide
range of political and non-political
activities including voting, volunteering,
and participating in group activities Civic
engagement describes how individuals
become involved in their community to
make a positive difference in the lives of
their fellow citizens
Civic engagement as a form of
stakeholder engagement that focuses on
participation in either political activities,
community activities or both.
Communities are stronger and more
resilient when youth participate; our
research previously found that higher
levels of civic engagement can help
communities weather economic
downturns and lead to lower
unemployment rates
The act of civic engagement can be
conducted in three main ways including
electoral participation, individual
volunteerism, and advocacy, or activism.
Contemplative education or learning
contemplation cultivates inner awareness
through rigorous first-person
investigations, often called
“contemplative practices.” Contemplative
practices in the classroom range widely:
silent sitting meditation, walking
meditation, deep listening, mindfulness,,
nature observation, self-inquiry,
transcendental meditation,
contemplative meditation, breathing
meditation), mindfulness, and prayer,
often practiced twenty minutes or more,
once or twice daily, but can extend into
daily life as well
In some classes, contemplative learning
involves a few moments of silence as
students are invited to collect themselves
to the present moment. In other courses,
contemplative methods are thoroughly
integrated into assignments, exams, and
discussion formats.
By integrating these fundamental aspects
into life, the good life that creates
happiness and fulfillment and gives you a
sense of purpose and meaning in life can
be attained. Therefore, the ideal of the
good life does not set you on a pursuit of
wealth, status, and pleasure but creates
happiness, fulfillment, and joy through
understanding the world you live in,
mastering yourself, and helping your
community thrive.
SEVERAL IDEAS TO LIVE THE GOOD LIFE
1. Examine life, seek knowledge
Examine life, explore its concepts and
principles, and seek to learn new things
each day. Be open to new ideas and
never cease to go through life with open
eyes. Aristotle stated, for a good reason,
that an unexamined life is not worth
living. Living without questioning and
reflecting on your behavior, beliefs, and
values can result in spending your time
on activities that are not worthwhile.
Even more so, it might even make it all
the more difficult to live the good life. On
the other hand, however, by applying
reason to the examination of your own
life, a continuous stream of knowledge
and virtues can be acquired. It is our
capacity for reason that differentiates
human beings from instinct-driven and
pleasure-seeking animals. If we explore
the world and contemplate our
discoveries, new sources of pleasure,
happiness, and well-being can be tapped
into.
2. Slow down and enjoy simplicity
A great number of people assume that
the good life can only be attained by
adding more to their lives. As a
consequence, they seek to add material
wealth, social status, fame, or something
entirely different to their lives. This,
however, is the wrong approach. You
don’t necessarily have to add something
new to your life to enjoy the good life.
Quite the contrary is the case. The good
life does not consist of continuously
chasing evermore. Instead, simplicity and
the ability to draw happiness from what
you already have can be integral aspects
of good life. This shift in can help you
start living the life in the present moment
without being dependent upon external
influences.
3. Seek to attain self-mastery
Living the good life is all about mastering
yourself. But interestingly, most people
do not consider self-mastery when it
comes to the pursuit of a good life.
Instead of seeking discipline and mastery
over themselves, prefer to chase wealth,
material possessions, status, or the
fulfillment of desires. However, without
self-discipline, one’s actions are primarily
centered on the wish to fulfill desires. As
a result, we waste important time and
energy feeding desires that can never be
fully satisfied. Consequently, our actions
are egotistical, self-centered, and
unreflected. Instead of living the good
life, we succumb to the instinctive and
unreasoning qualities we share with
animals. It is only through self-mastery
that we can replace our boundless
appetite for pleasure with nobler and
more reasonable thinking. Instead of
being instinct-driven, it allows us to
reflect and think about what we do.
4. Drawing joy and happiness from
life’s simple pleasures
In their quest to live the good life, the
vast majority of people shift their
attention from the present moment to a
desirable state in the future. They think
that the good life can only be attained
through the acquisition of wealth, status,
and a variety of other things. Therefore,
these people will never truly be able to
live the good life because there will
always be something missing. They either
do not have enough material possessions
to satisfy all their desires, or they are no
longer able to enjoy these possessions
after a certain period of time.
For this reason, the ability to draw
happiness from life’s simple pleasures is
essential. It’s a person’s ability to take
pleasure in even the most simplistic
things in life that will help in
understanding how worthwhile this
present moment is.
5.Help in making this world a better place
Almost all philosophers who pondered
the good life highlighted the importance
of civic engagement. It is an integral
aspect of a good life. Even more so, all
the other aspects of the good life can
only be committed in a worthwhile
manner by utilizing them for the greater
cause. Therefore, a life that is solely lived
for the purpose of fulfilling one’s own
desires can never be fully considered a
truly meaningful and worthwhile
existence.
5. Be grateful for what you have
Gratitude is an important aspect of a
good life. It helps us overcome the feeling
of not having enough. By being grateful,
we can also overcome the never-ending
pursuit of boundless desires.
6. Don’t worry about things you
can’t control
Life presents us with two different
aspects. Firstly, those aspects of our lives
that can be influenced or changed
Secondly, there are aspects or events that
are beyond our ability to influence or
alter. We are simply incapable of exerting
even the slightest influence over these
events. We therefore feel extremely
intimidated and helpless. Feelings that
even further contribute to our fear about
things we cannot control.
However, the principal key to
withstanding life’s hardships lies in the
way we allow these happenings to
influence us. While we’re not able to
control a great variety of events in life,
we still have the capacity to control our
responses to these events. We therefore
have the choice to allow these
happenings to break us and incite fear
within us, or to get back up from the
ground and recover from them.
7. Value and nurture relationships
Imagine you’re living the good life, but no
one is around to share your joy with. The
concept of living the good life includes
the relationship dimension as well.
Without it, it would not fully contribute
to your happiness and fulfilment. Even
more so, relationships are an integral part
of a worthwhile life. Neither wealth nor
social status can grant access to true
friendship. Therefore, living the good life
also consists of spending significant
amounts of time with those that you love
and enjoy being around. The good life is
all about growing, developing, and
becoming stronger together, not alone.
8. Live your passions
Living the good life is all about
discovering your true passions and having
the courage to pursue these activities. By
doing what you’re passionate about, a
sense of fulfillment, accomplishment and
true satisfaction can be added to your
life.
9. Live in the moment
While it is certainly true that the good life
means a great variety of different things
to different people, we can all agree that
being haunted by the past or having fear
of the future is certainly not part of it.
Instead of being trapped in the past or
fearful about the future, try to enjoy this
present moment. There’s nothing you can
do to change what happened. Also, the
future can be greatly impacted at this
very moment. Be here right now; this is
exactly where you need to be.
What is Happiness?
“Everyone wants happiness. Nobody
wants suffering.”
In psychology, happiness is a mental or
emotional state of well-being that can be
defined by positive or pleasant emotions
ranging from contentment to intense joy.
To behaviorists, happiness is a cocktail of
emotions we experience when we do
something good or positive. To
neurologists, happiness is the experience
of a flood of hormones released in the
brain as a reward for behavior that
prolongs survival.
Rapid advances in science and technology
are raising fundamental questions about
human life, flourishing, suffering, and
death. People wonder about the
beginning of life, and it deserves much-
needed human protection. They
sometimes tried to explain how
neuroscience is reshaping our
conceptions of what it means to be
human and the way we live and die with
dignity in the middle of the 21st century.
The hedonistic view of well-being is that
happiness is the polar opposite of
suffering; the presence of happiness
indicates the absence of pain. Because of
this, hedonists believe that the purpose
of life is to maximize happiness, which
minimizes misery. Eudemonia is a term
that combines the Greek words for
“good” and “spirit” to describe the
ideology. Eudaimonia defines happiness
as the pursuit of becoming a better
person. Eudaemonists do this by
challenging themselves intellectually or
by engaging in activities that make them
spiritually richer people.
Living the good life is all about exploring
what gives you joy and satisfaction. It’s
about finding purpose and meaning in
your life and drawing happiness from
what you do. Every human being aspires
to live, but we all define the phrase “good
life” differently. Some are looking to live
an honest life, full of integrity, joy, and
happiness. Others seek wealth, social
status, and fame, as they hope these
aspects will help them live a good life. In
fact, they directly associate the good life
with money and material possessions.
The good life is a term that refers to a
state that is primarily characterized by a
high standard of living or the adherence
to ethical and moral laws. In its two
different expressions, living the good life
can be either expressed through an
abundant or luxurious lifestyle full of
material belongings or the attempt to live
life in accordance with the ethical, moral,
legal, and religious laws of one’s country
or culture. As such, the term can both be
understood as the quest for wealth,
material possessions, or luxuries and the
quest to create a worthwhile, honest, and
meaningful existence.
When it comes to living the good life, we
almost all have a certain idea of what
such a life should look like. For some, the
good life is all about spending time
playing video games or watching
television while eating and drinking as
much as they please. Others associate the
good life with days spent in nature
pondering and philosophizing about life.
Some simply want to spend their time in
a worthwhile and productive manner, for
example, by trying to make this world a
better place.
We then have to ask ourselves if the good
life could really be characterized by a high
standard of living alone. If this were the
case, living the good life would primarily
consist of the never-ending attempt to
fulfill one’s desires and material wishes.
As we all know, human desires can be
boundless, while the earth’s resources
are quite limited. As such, the (excessive)
good life of one group of people might
prevent others from living the “high
standard of living good life.” Or it might
hinder future generations from ever living
the good life.
MODULE 6 The Information Age
A. Development of the Information
age
The internet, computers, and cellphones
have now become fundamental
components of peoples’ daily lives
because they allow for instant access to
and sharing of information. We are
currently living in the Information Age,
commonly referred to as the Computer,
Digital, or New Media Age. The
Information Age is the current era
considered to be a time in which
information has become a commodity
that is swiftly and widely disseminated
and freely available, particularly via the
use of computer technology, according to
Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary.
The Information Age is defined by highly
developed technology capabilities and a
focus on the internet and data exchange.
From the Renaissance, when started
writing realistic novels rather than merely
religious tales, to the Industrial
Revolution, when significant changes
occurred in agriculture, manufacturing,
mining, transportation, and technology,
people’s way of life underwent a
significant transformation. Digital
technologies have revolutionized every
element of people’s lives throughout this
time, including their professional and
educational processes as well as their
social and recreational activities. Now,
anyone can get information by pressing a
button. They are able to accomplish
practically anything online, talking,
booking, paying, working, teaching or
learning, and even buying food. The
social, economic, and cultural conditions,
science, research, and industries,
including but not limited to healthcare,
education, finance, entertainment,
transportation, and media and
communications, have all been
significantly impacted by these
technological breakthroughs.
History
A Mathematical Theory of
Communication by Claude E. Shannon, a
researcher and mathematician known as
the “Father of Information Theory,”
proposed that information can be
digitized or quantitatively encoded as a
series of ones and zeroes. Although the
Information Age is closely linked to the
introduction of personal computers,
many computer historians traced its
origins to this study. It demonstrated how
all forms of informational media,
including television, radio waves, and
telephone signals, could be
communicated flawlessly utilizing this one
framework.
The rapid development of upgraded
equipment, fiber optic connections, faster
microprocessors, speedier
communication and information
processing, the World Wide Web, email,
and mobile technologies were all made
possible by the digitization of
information. Businesses across various
industries have focused their attention on
how to capitalize on the Information Age
as information is increasingly described in
digital form.
Information Technology
Since the dawn of time, there has always
been information technology (IT). To
develop, people needed to interact with
one another and converse. Since the
Sumerians in Mesopotamia established
writing in 3000 BC, a for storing,
retrieving, modifying, and sharing
information has existed. The use of any
computers, storage, networking, and
other physical equipment, infrastructure,
and procedures to create, process, store,
secure, and exchange all types of
electronic data is considered information
technology in the modern sense. Instead
of being employed for personal or leisure
purposes, IT is typically used in the
context of business activities.
The Harvard Business Review coined the
phrase “information technology” to
distinguish between specially constructed
devices made to carry out a narrow range
of jobs and general-purpose computing
devices that could be configured to carry
out a variety of tasks. Computing
capability increased while device costs
and energy usage decreased as the IT
sector developed starting in the middle of
the 20th century, a cycle that still occurs
today as new technologies are developed.
Evolution of Information Technology:
1) Premechanical Age (between
3000BC and 1450AD) The
premechanical age is the earliest
age characterized by using of
language or simple picture
drawings known as petroglyths
usually carved in rock. Early
 alphabets were developed such There are five main generations of digital
the as Phoenician alphabet. computing.
The evolution of pens and paper was 1. The first generation
influenced by the popularity of alphabets. (1942 -1955) used
Wet clay was initially used only for vacuum tubes. This
markings, but later, paper was made from period marked the
the papyrus plant. People became aware beginning of
of the value of organizing and commercial computer
permanently keeping information as it age via UNIVAC
grew. The first written books were stored (Universal Automatic
in libraries. The first numbering systems Computer), the first
were created during this time period, and commercially available
Egyptian scrolls and book-like binding of computer. It was
paper were common means to record developed by two
information. In 100 AD, the first 1-9 scientists Mauchly and
system was established, and in 875 AD, Echert at the Census
the number 0 was formed and added. Department of United
The development of the calculator, which States in 1947.
was first known as the abacus, came next. Examples of first
This was the information processor’s very generation computers
first indication. ENIVAC and UNIVAC-1.
2. The second generation
(1955 -1964) used
Mechanical (between 1450 and 1840) – transistors. The
Development of new technologies scientists at Bell
emerged and invented like the slide rule, laboratories developed
an analog computer used for multiplying transistor in 1947.
and dividing. Blaise Pascal invented the These scientists include
Pascaline, a very popular mechanical John Barden, William
computer. Charles Babbage developed Brattain and William
the difference engine which tabulated Shockley. The size of
polynomial equations using the method the computers was
of finite differences. decreased by replacing
vacuum tubes with
Electromechanical (1840-1940) – The transistors. The
period marked the beginning of examples of second
telecommunication. Inventions and generation computers
innovations continued. The telegraph was are IBM 7094 series,
created in the early 1800s. Morse code IBM 1400 series and
was created by Samuel Morse in 1835. CDC 164 etc.
The telephone was created by Alexander
Graham Bell in 1876. The first radio was
developed by Guglielmo Marconi Marconi
3. The third generation
in 1894. These emerging technologies led
(1964-1975) used the
to bigger advances in the information
integrated circuits (IC).
technology field. The first large-scale
Jack Kilby developed
automatic digital computer in the United
the concept of
States was the Mark 1 created by Harvard
integrated circuit in
University around 1940. This computer
1958. It was an
was 8ft high, 50ft long, 2ft wide, and
important in the
weighed 5 tons. It was programmed using
computer field. The first
punch cards.
IC was invented and
used in 1961. The size
Electronic (1940-present) – The ENIAC
of an IC is about 4
(Electronic Numerical Integrator and
square inch. A single IC
Computer) was the first high-speed,
chip may contain
digital computer capable of being
thousands of
reprogrammed to solve a full range of
transistors. The
computing problems. This computer was
computer became
designed to be used by the U.S. Army for
smaller in size, faster,
artillery firing tables. This machine was
more reliable and less
even bigger than the Mark 1 taking up
expensive. The
680 square feet and weighing 30 tons. It
examples of third
mainly used vacuum tubes to do its
generation computers
calculations.
are IBM 370, IBM
System/360, UNIVAC
1108 and UNIVAC AC
9000.
B. Main Generations of Digital
Computing
4. The fourth generation
(1975 – present)
computers started with
the invention of
Microprocessor. The
Microprocessor
contains thousands of
ICs. Ted Hoff produced
the first microprocessor
in 1971 for Intel. It was
known as Intel 4004.
The technology of
integrated circuits
improved rapidly. The
LSI (Large Scale
Integration) circuit and
VLSI (Very Large Scale
Integration) circuit was
designed. It greatly
reduced the size of
computer. The size of
modern
Microprocessors is
usually one square inch.
It can contain millions
of electronic circuits.
The examples of fourth
generation computers
are Apple Macintosh
&IBM PC.
Apple 2
5. Computers of the fifth
generation (present and
future) are built using
the Artificial Intelligence
(AI) method. They can
mimic human logic and
comprehend spoken
language. With the aid
of several sensor kinds,
they can react to their
surroundings. The
processing power of
computers is something
that scientists are
always attempting to
improve. With the aid
of cutting-edge
programming and
technologies, they are
attempting to construct
a computer with true
intelligence. A fifth
generation computer is
like the supercomputer
IBM Watson. In order to
function as a “question
answering” computer to
the best of its ability, it
combines artificial
intelligence (AI) and
advanced analytical
software.
The supercomputer bears Thomas J.
Watson’s name, who founded IBM. 80
teraflops (or trillion floating point
operations per second) are the processing
speed of the Watson supercomputer.
Watson accesses 90 servers with a total
data bank of more than 200 million pages
of information, which it processes in
accordance with six million logic rules in
order to replicate (or exceed) the capacity
of a high-functioning human to respond
to queries. The system and its
information are contained in a room big
enough to house ten refrigerators.
Inventions do not generally happen by
accident or a random order. Chris
Woodford, a British Science writer and
consultant explained that science and
technology progress in a very logical way,
with each new discovery leading on from
the last.
C. Social Media and the
Information Age
Computer
If there is one important development in
the Information Age, it is the invention of
computer. A computer is a machine or
device that performs processes,
calculations and operations based on
instructions provided by a software or
hardware program. It is designed to
execute applications and provides a
variety of solutions by combining
integrated hardware and software
components.
Types of Computer
Since the advent of the first computer
different types and sizes of computers are
offering different services. Computers can
be as big as occupying a large building
and as small as a laptop or a
microcontroller in mobile and embedded
systems.
The byte-notes.com enumerates the four
basic types of computers:
1) Supercomputer- The most
powerful computers in terms of
performance and data
processing are the
Supercomputers. These are
specialized and task specific
computers used bylarge
organizations. These computers
are used for research and
exploration purposes, like NASA
uses supercomputers for
launching space shuttles,
controlling them and for space
exploration purpose. The
supercomputers are very
expensive and very large in size.
It can be accommodated in large
air-conditioned rooms; some
super computers can span an
entire building.
Uses of Supercomputers:
• Space Exploration
O Supercomputers are used to study the
origin of the universe, the dark-matters.
For these studies scientist use IBM’s
powerful supercomputer “Roadrunner”
at National Laboratory Los Alamos.
Earthquake Studies o Supercomputers
are used to study the Earthquakes
phenomenon. Besides that
supercomputers are used for natural
resources exploration, like natural gas,
petroleum, coal, etc.
• Weather Forecasting o Supercomputers
are used for weather forecasting, and to
study the nature and extent of
Hurricanes, Rainfalls, windstorms, etc.
• Nuclear Weapons Testing
Supercomputers are used to run weapon
simulation that can test the Range,
accuracy & impact of
2) Mainframe Computer-
Mainframes are not as powerful
as supercomputers, but many
large firms & government
organizations use this type of
computer to run their business
operations. Because of size, the
mainfram computers can be
accommodated in large air-
conditioned rooms. They can
process and store large amount
of data. Banks, big educational
institutions and insurance
companies use mainframe
computers to store data about
their customers, students &
insurance policy holders.
3) Minicomputer- Minicomputers
are used by small businesses &
firms. They are also called
“Midrange Computers”. These
are small machines and can be
accommodated on a disk with
not as processing and data
storage capabilities as super-
computers & Mainframes. These
computers are not designed for
a single user. Individual
departments of a large company
or organizations use Mini-
computers for specific purposes.
For example, a production
department can use Mini-
computers for monitoring
certain production process.
4) Microcomputer-Desktop
computers, personal computers
(PCs), laptops, personal digital
assistant (PDA), tablets, and
smartphones are all types of
microcomputers. The micro-
computers are widely used and
the fastest growing computers.
These computers are the
cheapest among the other three
types of computers. They are
specially designed for general
usage like entertainment,
education and work purposes.
Well known manufacturers of
Micro-computer are Dell, Apple,
Samsung, Sony, and Toshiba..
Influences of the Past on Information
Age:
The Information Age has been
tremendously influenced by the past.
Even though the technologies from the
Renaissance were too advanced for their
time, the fundamental concept was
applied to construct modern inventions.
Literature was also altered by the
Renaissance. Books about religion and
religious heroes were the only ones
written at first. People started writing
realistic works throughout the
Renaissance, as opposed to only religious
tales. The way that people view
themselves has evolved. What people
could accomplish for themselves became
more important than what they could do
for God. Humanism is the term for this
way of thought.
Through the contributions of notable
scientists like Galileo, Copernicus, and Sir
Isaac Newton, the Scientific Revolution
altered the course of modern history.
They opened the door for the creation of
contemporary tools and advancements.
Major developments in agriculture,
manufacturing, mining. Transportation,
and technology were brought about by
the Industrial Revolution. The social,
economic, and cultural landscape of the
world has been significantly impacted by
this time period.
Internet Technology
The Advanced Research Projects Agency
Network, or ARPANET, was established in
1960 and served as the first functional
prototype of the Internet. America
provided the initial funding. Multiple
computers could communicate on a
single network thanks to packet
switching, which was employed by the
Department of Defense’s ARPANET. After
academics Robert Kahn and Vinton Cerf
created Transmission Control Protocol
and Internet Protocol, or TCP/IP, a
communications paradigm that
established guidelines for how data might
be sent between various networks,
technology continued to advance in the
1970s. Ray Tomlinson developed the
networked email system for the ARPANET
in 1971, which is now known as electronic
mail or email.
The idea of practically immediate
communication between devices within
an organization quickly gained popularity
because it was so useful and practical.
TCP/IP was accepted by ARPANET in
1983, allowing researchers to put
together the “network of networks” that
would eventually become the modern
Internet. America Online (AOL), Echomail,
Hotmail, and Yahoo changed the Internet
and email scene throughout the ensuing
years. The World Wide Web, created in
1990 by computer scientist Tim Berners-
Lee, gave the online world a more
identifiable shape. The web, though
frequently mistaken for the Internet
itself, is just the most popular way to
access material online in the form of
websites and hyperlinks
The web helped popularize the Internet
among the public, and served as a crucial
step in developing the vast trove of
information that most of us now access
on a daily basis.
Social Media
Social media is defined as the various
online communication channels that
people use to build networks,
communities, and collectives in order to
share information, ideas, messages, and
other content, such as videos. These
channels include Facebook, Myspace,
Viber, Skype, AOL, Yahoo Messenger,
bulletin board forum systems, and game-
based social networking sites. It has
integrated completely into peoples’ lives.
They use it to communicate with loved
ones, stay up to date on the news, and-
perhaps most importantly-to amuse
themselves.
Cyber bullying
Cyber bullying has become a big issue in
many nations, including the Philippines,
due to the rapid rise in internet and social
media usage. Cyber bullying is the
practice of harassing, intimidating, or
humiliating someone through internet
communication, frequently while
remaining anonymous.
According to Hinduja & Patchin (2010),
cyber bullying occurs when someone
“repeatedly picks on another person
through email or text message or when
someone posts something online about
another person that they don’t like.” The
term Cyber bullying is different from
Cyber stalking as the former takes place
among minors, and it is subtler in nature
(Seo, Tunningley, Warner, & Buening,
2016). Though many schools offer some
perfunctory lessons on cyber bullying,
most students only develop a surface-
level understanding of the issue, making
them less likely to intervene or act when
they witness or experience it (Chapin,
2016). The fact that unaffected students
do not understand why someone would
cyber bully another and the psychological
harm it can cause, despite the fact that
those who have been affected by cyber
bullying are more likely to say so,
presents schools with an excellent
opportunity to close the knowledge gap
and stop further incidents through cyber
bullying education. The Philippines’ Anti-
Cybercrime Law, also known as Republic
Act No. 10175, was created and put into
effect to safeguard those who have been
the targets of cyber bullying. Cyber
stalking, cybersex, identity theft, and
online libel are just a few of the cyber
bullying offenses that are criminalized.
For those found guilty of committing
these violations, this statute carries
penalties, including imprisonment and
fines.
Cyber stalking is the practice of following
or harassing someone online or through
other electronic communication tools in
an effort to instill fear or discomfort. Is
the practice of engaging in or soliciting
sexual activities through internet
communication. Identity theft is the
illegal exploitation of another person’s
personal data for financial advantage.
Online libel is the posting of false
information online.
Internet Etiquette (Netiquette)
To develop and maintain a conducive
online experience, Internet etiquette, also
known as Netiquette, must be observed.
Thesupruce.com enumerates the
following Netiquettes:
Be nice. – The first rule of internet
etiquette is to be kind and courteous.
Remember that whatever you send from
your keyboard or your phone is still an
extension of you, even though you’re not
with others in person. Never flame or in
forum. Avoid gossiping and cyber
bullying.
Learn Internet acronyms. – As
communication on the Internet explodes,
so does the use of acronyms (i.e. BTW,
TTYL, LOL, ROTFL, POV, B4N,… etc.) Learn
what they mean so you won’t
misunderstand messages and comments.
Keep messages and posts brief. – Most
people use the Internet to save time, so
honor that and keep all messages as brief
as possible
Don’t shout. – Avoid using all caps in any
email or post. It comes across as
shouting, which is rude.
Use discretion. – Whether you are
sending email, instant messaging, adding
images to commenting on Facebook,
Snapchat, or posting a message to your
blog, you need to remember that
anything you put on the Internet can be
there forever. Even if you remove the
material, someone may have made a
screen shot, or saved it. One rule of
thumb many people use is to never post
anything you wouldn’t want your parents
or boss to see.
Protect personal information. – Since
anything you post on the Internet is out
there for all to see, avoid adding anything
personal. This includes your address,
phone number, social security number,
and driver’s license information. You
don’t want to make things easy for
identity thieves, burglars, and predators.
Obey copyright laws. – Never copy
someone else’s work and post it as your
own. It is against copyright law because it
is considered stealing. It is always a good
idea to ask permission before quoting
anyone, but that isn’t always possible. To
quote someone, keep the quote short,
cite the source, and put a link to the
complete written work.
Protect children – If you allow children to
access the Internet, make sure you know
what sites they visit and who their
“friends” are.
Before you click “Send” – It is always a
good idea to reread anything you type
before clicking the “send” button. If you
have time, step away for a few minutes
and come back to it with fresh eyes. For
those times when you need to post
quickly, at least check your spelling,
grammar, and tone of the message. If it is
late at night, and you are extremely tired,
it’s probably best to wait until the next
morning. Cou You can save most
messages and posts in draft mode.
Help others – If someone appears to be
new to the internet, offer your assistance.
Share information on proper etiquette,
send them a link to a list of the most
common acronyms and emoticons, and
offer to answer any questions until they
get the hang of it. After you see that
someone has posted something
inappropriate, let him or her know
privately. Never do anything to publicly
embarrass anyone you know online.
Internet trolls – Keep in mind that there
are internet trolls out looking for their
next victim. If you become the subject of
their bad behavior, don’t respond. Most
of the time, these people like to stir
things up while hiding behind their
keyboards. When they don’t get a
reaction, they move on to someone else.
However, if it continues and you feel as
though you are being threatened, contact
the authorities. You need to make sure
you protect yourself and your family.
Module 7
WHEN HUMANITY AND TECHNOLOGY
CROSS
A. Development of Science and
Technology in the Philippines.
Technology now permeates every aspect
of our life. A huge variety of technological
advancements, from chemicals and
medications to machinery and equipment
that make our lives more exciting,
practical, and healthy, have been made
possible throughout the course of human
history by many inventive people.
Consider how much our lives now have
changed from those of our earliest
ancestors. Think about their access to
science, medicine, domestic comforts,
transportation, energy sources,
entertainment, and techniques for
producing, harvesting, storing,
processing, and distributing food. Most of
us wouldn’t want to live like our
predecessors did in the year 2000, the
year 200, or even the year 2002.
However, many of the significant issues
that bother us today did not affect our
forefathers.
Technology has made it possible for us to
live longer, healthier, more convenient,
and pleasant lives, but it has also brought
about new dangers that our ancestors
could not have imagined. For instance,
there are thousands of chemicals in use
now that were invented by humans but
weren’t present in prehistoric times.
These days, they are nearly endless in our
bodies, water, soil, and air. It is well
known that many of them injure or even
arch kill living things, including people.
Others may be slowly endangering us and
the environment, frequently In ways that
are still completely unknown to scientists
and the general public.
Technological Advancements in the
Philippines
Universal Declaration of Human Rights
Every individual and every organ of
society should work to promote respect
for these rights and freedoms through
teaching and education, as well as
through progressive national and
international measures, in order to
ensure their universal and effective
recognition and observance, both among
the peoples of Member States
themselves and among the peoples of
territorial nations. This is done with the
goal of using the UDHR as a common
standard of achievement for all peoples
and all nations.
Article I: All people are born free, with
equal rights and respect. They should
behave toward one another in a brotherly
manner because they are gifted with
reason and conscience.
Article 2: Without difference of any type,
including but not limited to, race, color,
sex, language, religion, political or other
opinion, national or origin, property, birth
or other position, everyone is entitled to
all the rights and freedoms stated in this
Declaration. Additionally, no distinction
shall be established based on the
political, juridical, or international status
of the nation or territory that a person is
a citizen of, including whether that nation
or territory is an independent, trust, non-
self-governing, or subject to any other
restrictions on sovereignty.
Article 3: Everyone has the right to life,
liberty and security of person.
Article 4: No one shall be held in slavery
or servitude; slavery and the slave trade
shall be prohibited in all their forms.
Article 5: No one shall be subjected to
torture or to cruel, inhuman or degrading
treatment or punishment.
Article 6: Everyone has the right to
recognition everywhere as a person
before the law.
Article 7: Because everyone is equal
before the law, they are all entitled to
protection under the law. Every single
person has a right to equal protection
against any forms of discrimination that
are prohibited by this Declaration, as well
as against any actions that may
encourage such prejudice.
Article 8: Everyone has the right to an
effective remedy by the competent
national tribunals for acts violating the
fundamental rights granted him by the
constitution or by law.
Article 9: No one shall be subjected to
arbitrary arrest, detention or exile.
Article 10: Every person has a full equal
right to a fair and public hearing before a
tribunal that is independent and impartial
in determining his or her rights and
obligations and the validity of any
criminal charge brought against them.
How Robotics Influence our Lives
Robots are showing up more frequently
in our daily lives as continues to advance
quickly. They can be seen working in
factories and other industrial
environments, carrying out hazardous or
challenging duties for people. However,
robots are also beginning to appear in
more commonplace places like homes
and hospitals. Robotics are being used
more and more, which raises certain
concerns, but they also have many
positive aspects that may help everyone.
In this blog article, we’ll look more closely
at some common instances of robots in
daily life, as well as the advantages of
robots and how they’re transforming
human life.
Here are some typical benefits of robots
in daily lives:
Safety- Robots can perform activities in
dangerous locations like the interior of a
nuclear power plant or at a great depth.
By cooperating with us and doing tasks
like driving or flying aircraft, they can also
protect humans from hazardous
situations.
Time Saving- Robots can complete a lot of
laborious and repetitive activities, so we
don’t have to. This can boost output and
free up time for other important tasks.
Accessibility- Robots provide individuals
access to things that are otherwise out of
our reach. For instance, a robot may help
someone move from one area to another,
similar to how a wheelchair helps people
who have trouble walking. Robots with
can provide us with a glimpse of locations
Surveillance- that are otherwise
inaccessible or too risky for people to
visit. This includes robots used for bomb
disposal that go into dangerous situations
and gather data before specialists decide
how to react.
Lessens Loneliness- Artificial (AI) robotic
companions can keep people mos
company when they’re alone, providing
social interaction and making those who
feel lonely less likely to become
depressed. Whether it’s a robot that
performs tasks with the person or one
that simply provides companionship,
robotic “friends” can make life more
fulfilling for people of all ages.
Productivity- Robots reduce human
efforts and increase productivity within
the workplace by taking on dangerous
jobs that humans don’t want to do. This
could be mundane activities such as
vacuuming or more complex jobs like
assembling components in a factory-type
environment.
Improved Operation- Robots can also
improve the operation of systems such as
computer networks and electrical grids.
They can repair problems without people
having to step in, which mean greater
productivity and faster response times if
there is a need to fix an issue.
Less Human Errors- Robots can ensure
better accuracy within the workplace,
which reduces the likelihood of human
error. When robots work alongside
humans, they can help reduce mistakes
by carrying out critical tasks without
humans having to risk their lives.
Impacts of Artificial Intelligence on Our
Everyday Life
Artificial intelligence (AI) was a concept
reserved for science fiction. It was used
by spaceship commanders to find
“wormholes” and understand alien
species that existed throughout the
universe. In a sense, we’re all spacecraft
commanders today. We utilize Al to find
solutions to difficulties in our daily lives,
including determining the quickest route
between our house and our place of
employment, reading web pages written
in another language, looking up
information we need, and a variety of
other tasks.
The growth of Al is typically praised for
making tasks much simpler Band time-
consuming. But there is a cost associated
with this. Our civilizations are faced with
significant ethical, social, and legal
difficulties and risks from Al. It is
important to carefully evaluate, minimize,
and in certain circumstances, remove
these difficulties and dangers.
1. Through either face recognition
features built into smartphones
or CCTVs installed in public
spaces, facial recognition
technology has progressively
merged into our daily lives. The
Al functionality in cellphones is
typically used to lock and unlock
access. The information is only
there to spare you from having
to type in a password or security
code; it never leaves your
device.
2. Sex robots/sex bots- Although
it’s likely that you haven’t
actually seen one yet, Al-
powered sex toys are currently
available on the market. These
creators and manufacturers of
these toys claim that they are
safe and, in fact, that playing
with them can be beneficial in
reducing adverse effects on
mental health. Some people
think that by giving both men
and women a place to express
their excessive urges, these
robots will eradicate sexual
harassment and other similar
offenses.
3. Robotic chefs are also out there
already on the market. While
right now the technology is not
cheap, it may scale in the coming
years, just like automatic check-
out machines became well
spread in supermarkets.
4. Personalized shopping- Al
technology is widely used by
online shopping sites to create
Roles of Robots in Protecting
tailored recommendations for
Environment 2003
the customer. Sites glean your
browsing history, preferences,
and interests, also tracking your
bactivity across other
companies’ apps and websites.
5. Digital voice assistance is a tool
we all use now and then and
usuis found in most
smartphones. They let the user
conduct a searching using a
speech command, as well as
retrieve information via voice
synthesis.
6. Smart homes- Like phones,
homes are becoming “smart.”
Our thermostats learn about our
preferences & daily habits, so
that when we return from home
we are welcomed by our ideal
temperature.
7. Sending emails and messages-
Al-based predictive text
functions help us compose our
messages. This sometimes leads
to A funny exchanges (you can
read quite a few of those on
Bored Panda), but overall, if you
write a lot of messages during
the day, it can really make your
life easier.
8. Google internet search- Search
engines couldn’t scan the entire
internet and deliver what to you
want without the assistance of
artificial intelligence those ads
that seem to follow you around.
9. Streaming Apps- gout Many of
us resort to streaming services
like Netflix when it’s time to be
par unwind. Artificial intelligence
(AI) is used by the company’s
recommendation engine to
make recommendations for
what you might like to watch,
including genres, actors, and
historical periods.
10. The effects of Al on healthcare
are extensive and significant. Al-
driven consumer health
applications are already assisting
people by encouraging a healthy
lifestyle, which will reduce the
need for doctors in the future. Al
is already being used to better
correctly and early diagnose
diseases like cancer because of
its data analytic capabilities.
1. Robots Plant Trees- Climate
change start-ups typically choose
one particular vo Cu aspect of
environmental impact and find a
solution for it. SkyGrow Sex CEO
Mark Stewart sees it like
planting trees. He founded his
business with the intention of
planting more trees than we are
currently doing, and not just in
secluded areas like the Amazon.
The Growbot, an automated
vehicle that can plant trees ten
times quicker than a human can,
was created by the SkyGrow
team for around half the price.
Growbot grows mature trees
rather than seeds because
mature trees have a higher
probability of thriving in their
new environment. The 4,500
Growbots Stewart and his team
hope to produce will aid in the
global recovery of forests.
2. Robots Help Farmers Survive
Droughts- Our food supplies are
impacted by the continued
changes in our climate. This is
especially true in less developed
nations and rural places that
have difficulty importing food
from other areas. Robots can
follow the development of
plants and discover which
varieties can endure and flourish
in challenging environments
using Al sensors and monitors.
Farmers can chose plants that
have a better probability of
succeeding with the aid of this
data analysis, saving them
money while also feeding the
community.
3. Robots Can Grow Like Plants- To
understand the natural world,
scientists at The Planetoid
Project are attempting to mimic
the actions and behaviors of
plants. They have come to
understand that using the same
techniques plants use to filter
the air, water, and other
substances they are rease
exposed to is the greatest way to
study the environment. May
investigate the soil that plants
are exposed to by o using the
robot plant they have created,
which even has a miniature 3D
printer that aids the roots in
“growing.”
4. Humanoid Robots Dive to the
Bottom of the Ocean Ocean One,
a humanoid robot created by the
Stanford Robotics Lab to explore
the ocean and gather samples as
efficiently as a diver, was
recently covered by the team at
Evolving Science. The Red Sea’s
deep coral reefs were the focus
of Ocean One’s first
development. Although they
reside far from the reach of
humans, these corals are crucial
for a healthy ocean. A robot that
could gather samples without
harming the reef and watch
deep-sea creatures in their
natural environment was
required by the researchers.
Ocean One can live at great
depths and replicates a human
SCUBA diver, complete with
arms, depth sensing, and touch
feedback. The robot has been
across the globe since
investigating the Red Sea,
 assisting us in learning about the
ocean without interfering with it.
5. Swarm Robots Collect Data
Interestingly, not all underwater
robots are humanoid, or even
human-sized. Aquabotixis a
technology development
company that creates vehicles
for underwater inspection. It
specializes in swarm robots, or
multiple small robots that can be
controlled by one operator. As a
whole, there are multiple
benefits to swarm robot
submersibles. Swarm robots
cover more territory than one
robot can. If there is damage to
individual units, the entire
research plan isn’t affected. It’s
more affordable to deploy a
dozen swarm bots than one
main robot platform. In the field
of marine biology, swarm robots
can collect more data and more
diverse data than a single robot
(or even a varied team of
researchers) could. This makes
the data more reliable and helps
scientists learn more about the
ocean and how to protect it.
6. Robots Harvest Wave and Solar
Energy- We need to lessen our
reliance on fossil fuels like oil if
we want to stop climate change.
Robots are being used by
developers to help collect energy
sustainably and use it in a variety
of locations and businesses. The
Wave Glider by Liquid Robotics is
a fantastic illustration. With
integrated solar panels that
capture solar energy as it travels
the ocean’s surface, it has a
surfboard-like appearance. It
uses the energy it has stored to
move forward and to recharge
the batteries that power its
sensors. This robot keeps the
plants trash-free and prevents
animals from accidentally
ingesting the waste.
7. Robots Make Recycling Easier As
more people recycle, there is
added pressure on humans to
sort the materials and determine
what can be reused. This is
highly manual work, with people
hunched over conveyor belts
grabbing items as fast as they
can. AMP Robotics hopes to
make recycling easier. Its robots
use Al to “see” items on a
conveyor belt and record what
they are. The robot can then sort
the materials and place them
into designated bins. This
solution increases efficiency with
higher throughput and better
bale quality. It also allows users, vehicles. In fact, scientists at the
whether cities or construction University of Surrey are working
companies, to budget more to create a battery that is 1,000-
accurately with fixed labor rates. 10,000 times more powerful
than the ones currently in use,
8. Robots Climb Into the Sewers enabling electric cars to cover
When you consider what and the same distances as gas-
where we deposit our trash, our powered vehicles while also
sewer systems have a significant charging in the same amount of
impact on climate change. They time.
may have an effect on public
health. Luigi, a sewer robot
created by MIT’s Underworlds
11. Robots Send Environmental
project and featured by tech
Alerts on Social Media The
writer Luke Dormehl at Digital
planet cannot be saved by
Trends, is controlled by an
robots alone. These robots
iPhone app and analyzes
require people who care about
bacteria and chemicals in
preserving the environment and
manholes. It is the first sewer
all of its inhabitants, including
sampler in a group that would
plants and animals. The “Rapid
later gather and examine raw
Response Team” tool was
sewage and send the
recently created by the
information back to the lab. The
programmers at Climate Reality
robots will be able to gather
to notify their Facebook fans
more samples much faster than
whenever there is news on the
their human colleagues, who
battle against climate change.
were confined to physically
Fans have the option to opt in
carrying liter-sized samples,
and then respond to the
thanks to sampling tools upload
communication. This could entail
data remotely (and with plans
contacting their local legislators
for a real-time biochemical
or making a donation to a group
detection platform in the works).
that supports disaster relief.
With the aid of a Facebook bot
that sends out alerts, thousands
9. Robots Reduce Carbon Emissions of people can band together.
The expansion of automated
technology in the Port of Long
Beach was recently discussed by
senior environment reporter
Emily Guerin of KPCC Southern
California Public Radio. Although
it has a negative effect on the
unionized workers there, it has a
positive effect on climate
change. This is due to the fact
that the new emits no emissions
and significantly reduces the of
trucks and pollution-causing
equipment required to run the
According to Guerin, compared
to 80 tons for automobiles and
SUVs, big duty diesel vehicles
emit 150 tons of smog per day.
There is a chance that the air in
Southern California will improve
if automation can lower this
figure.
10. Robots Reduce Personal
Transportation Emissions-
Carbon emissions and climate
change are both significantly
impacted by transportation.
According to Alexandra Gray of
the World Economic Forum,
transportation is responsible for
23% of all energy-related CO2
emissions worldwide. Better
batteries are also being
developed by today’s innovators,
which will lessen the
environmental impact of all
vehicles in addition to electric