THE COPPERBELT UNIVERSITY

CH 110 TUTORIAL SHEET: 2022-23 ACADEMIC YEAR

REACTIONS IN AQUEOUS SOLUTIONS

1. Define the following terms as used in chemistry;

a) Molarity e) Equivalence point
b) Dilution f) Titrant
c) Dissociation g) Analyte
d) End point h) Aqueous solution
2. Define the following terms:
a) Strong electrolyte
b) Weak electrolyte
c) Non electrolyte
3. Classify each of the following compounds as strong electrolyte, weak electrolyte or non-
electrolyte. Justify your answers.
a. H2SO4 g. H2CO3
b. HCl h. HCN
c. NaOH i. C2H5OH
d. KOH j. C6H6
e. NH4OH k. CCl4
f. CH3COOH
4. Explain how you can prepare 500 cm3 of a 0.25M solution of sodium hydroxide.
5. The Lab Assistant purchased a 2.00 L bottle of a solution of concentrated HCl for the
general chemistry laboratory experiments. The solution contained 868.8 g of HCl. What
is the molarity of the solution?
 6. Natasha was working in the chemistry laboratory at the Coperbelt University. One day
she prepared two solutions. She prepared the first solution by dissolving 40.0 g of sodium
hydroxide to make 1.0 L of the solution. The second solution was prepared by adding 1.0
moles of sodium hydroxide to 1.0 L of water. Is the concentration of the two solutions in
mol/dm3 the same? Explain your answer.
7. A standard carbonic acid solution has a concentration of 0.02 mol.dm−3. The solution is
used to determine the concentration of a NaOH solution with a titration experiment. The
acid is placed in the buret.
a. Name the piece of glassware that is used to measure a fixed volume of base
solution.
b. Write a balanced equation for the reaction that is used in the titration.
c. Name a suitable indicator for the experiment. Explain.
d. What is the colour of the indicator in the base?
e. How does the pH change as acid is added to the base in the conical flask.
f. If 25 cm3 of a 0.1 mol.dm−3 carbonic acid is used to neutralize 20 cm3 NaOH,
determine the NaOH concentration.
8. An unknown mass of CaCO3 was dissolved to make up a solution of 80 mL. Upon
titration, it was found that 60 mL of 4 M HCl completely neutralized the CaCO3 solution.
a. What was the concentration of the CaCO3 solution?
b. What mass of CaCO3 was dissolved in the solution? Give your answer in grams.
9. Mwansa was working in a lab at KCM. One day she left 750 mL of 0.50 M sodium
chloride solution uncovered on a windowsill. The following day, she found that 150 mL
of the solvent evaporated. What was the new concentration of the sodium chloride?
10. Exactly 10.0 mL of solution A is diluted to 300 mL resulting in a new solution, B, that
has a concentration of 0.5 mol/dm3.
a. If the solution was made with sodium chloride, determine the mass of sodium
chloride needed to make 1.0 L of the original solution A.
b. What is the concentration of solution A in mol/dm3 and in g/dm3?
11. Using solubility rules, predict whether the following compounds will be soluble or
insoluble in water.
a. NiCl2 f. Ni(OH)2
b. Ag2S g. PbBr2
c. Cs3PO4 h. Ba(NO3)2
d. SrCO)3 i. AlPO4
e. PbSO4

12. Predict whether mixing each pair of solutions will result in the formation of a precipitate.
If so, identify the precipitate.
a. FeCl2(aq) + Na2S(aq) d. KOH(aq) + H3PO4(aq)
b. NaOH(aq) + H3PO4(aq) e. K2CO3(aq) + BaCl2(aq)
c. ZnCl2(aq) + (NH4)2S(aq) f. Ba(NO3)2(aq) + Na2SO4(aq)

13. Write the molecular equation, ionic equation, and net ionic equation for the following
reactions.
a. Na2CO3(aq)+MgSO4(aq)→
b. Pb(NO3)2(aq)+Na2S(aq)→
c. (NH4)3PO4(aq)+(CaCl2(aq)→
d. Cr2(SO4)3(aq)+(NH4)2CO3(aq)→
e. Ba(NO3)2(aq)+K2SO4(aq)→
f. Fe(NO3)2(aq)+KOH(aq)→
14. Arrange the following compounds in order of increasing oxidation state for the carbon
atom.
a. CO d. CH3OH
b. CO2 e. CH4
c. H2CO
15. Calculate the oxidation number of the underlined element in each of the following
compounds:
a. H2SO4 e. NO3-
b. P4O8 f. Be(NO3)2
c. PO33- g. S2O3
d. KMnO4 h. K2Cr2O7
16. In each redox reaction, determine which species is oxidized and which is reduced:
a. Zn(s) + H2SO4(aq) → ZnSO4(aq) + H2(g)
b. Cu(s) + 4HNO3(aq) → Cu(NO3)2(aq) + 2NO2(g) + 2H2O(l)
c. BrO3−(aq) + 2MnO2(s) + H2O(l) → Br−(aq) + 2MnO4−(aq) + 2H+(aq)

17. Balance each redox reaction under the conditions indicated.

a. MnO4−(aq) + S2O32−(aq) → Mn2+(aq) + SO42−(aq); acidic solution
b. Fe2+(aq) + Cr2O72−(aq) → Fe3+(aq) + Cr3+(aq); acidic solution
c. Fe(s) + CrO42−(aq) → Fe2O3(s) + Cr2O3(s); basic solution
d. Cl2(aq) → ClO3−(aq) + Cl−(aq); acidic solution
e. CO32−(aq) + N2H4(aq) → CO(g) + N2(g); basic solution
f. CuS(s) + NO3−(aq) → Cu2+(aq) + SO42−(aq) + NO(g); acidic solution
g. Ag(s) + HS−(aq) + CrO42−(aq) → Ag2S(s) + Cr(OH)3(s); basic solution
h. Zn(s) + H2O(l) → Zn2+(aq) + H2(g); acidic solution
i. O2(g) + Sb(s) → H2O2(aq) + SbO2−(aq); basic solution
18. Dentists occasionally use metallic mixtures called amalgams for fillings. If an amalgam
contains zinc, however, water can contaminate the amalgam as it is being manipulated,
producing hydrogen gas under basic conditions. As the filling hardens, the gas can be
released, causing pain and cracking the tooth. Write a balanced chemical equation for this
reaction.
19. Copper metal readily dissolves in dilute aqueous nitric acid to form blue Cu2+(aq) and
nitric oxide gas.
a. Write the equation for this reaction
b. What has been oxidized? What has been reduced?
c. Balance the chemical equation.