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myr
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myr
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 (a) What is the probability of her throwing between 40
m and 46 m?
(b) What distance will be exceeded by 60% of her
throws?

(ii) Martine belongs to the same club. In competitions 85% of

her javelin throws exceed 35 m and 70%exceed 37.5 m. Her
throws are normally distributed.

(a) Find the mean and standard deviation of Martine's

throws, each correct to two.
(b) The club has to choose one of these two athletes to
enter a major competition. In order to qualify for the
final round it is necessary to achieve a throw of at
least 48 m in the preliminary rounds.
Which athlete should be chosen and why?

NB:Les exercices 1-2-3-9-10-11-16 sont venus lors du

premier devoir de classe.

1) Pascal's Triangle
n=0 1

n=1 1 1

n=2 1 2 1

n=3 1 3 3 1

n=4 1 4 6 4 1

n=5 1 5 10 10 5 1

n=6 1 6 15 20 15 6 1

n=7 1 7 21 35 35 21 7 1

n=8 1 8 28 56 70 56 28 8 1

n=9 1 9 36 84 126 126 84 36 9 1

(p+q)9 = 1p9 q0 + 9 p8 q1 + 36 p7 q2 + 84 p6 q3 + 126 p5 q4 + 126 p4 q5 +
84p3 q6 + 36 p2 q7 + 9 p1 q8 + 1 p𝑂 q9

(p+q)9 = 1p9 + 9 p8 q1 + 36 p7 q2 + 84 p6 q3 + 126 p5 q4 + 126 p4 q5 +

84p3 q6 + 36 p2 q7 + 9 p1 q8 + 1 q9

Probability distribution
Succes Probabilities

0 1 q9
1 9 p1 q8
2 36 p2 q7
3 84p3 q6
4 126 p4 q5
5 126 p5 q4
6 84 p6 q3
7 36 p7 q2
8 9 p8 q1
9 1p9

(2) (a) the probability that none will break

P(X=0) =𝐶20
0 0
𝑃 (1 − 𝑃)20−0 = 1 × 1 × (1 − 0,18)20 = 0,01889

(b) more than 2 will break

P(X> 2) = 1 − 𝑃 𝑋 = 0 − 𝑃 𝑋 = 1 − 𝑃 𝑋 = 2
= 1 – 0,01889 – 0,08294 – 0,17296
P(X> 2) = 0,7252
(c) the expected number of eggs broken

E= np = 20x0,18 = 3,6

(d) the standard deviation for daily breaks

𝜎 = 𝑛𝑝𝑞 = 20 × 0,18 × 0,82 = 1,718

(e) What is the probability that exactly 8 break.

8 8
P(X=8)=𝐶20 𝑃 (1 − 𝑃)20−8 =125970(0,18)8 (0,82)12 = 0,0128

(3)

Mean =32 ; 𝜎 = 4; 𝑉 𝑥 = 16

𝑉(𝑥) 𝑛𝑝𝑞 𝑉(𝑥) 16

= = 𝑞 ; 𝑎𝑙𝑜𝑟𝑠 𝑞 = 𝐸(𝑥) = 32 = 0,5 ;
𝐸(𝑥) 𝑛𝑝
𝑃 = 1 − 𝑞 = 1 − 0,5 = 0,5

E(x)=np ;
𝐸(𝑥) 32
n = 𝑝 = 0,5 = 64

Let find P(x≤ 5)

P(0)= ∁064 𝑝0 𝑞64 = 5,42 × 10−20

P(1)= ∁164 𝑝1 𝑞63 = 3,469 × 10−18
P(2)= ∁264 𝑝2 𝑞62 = 1,0928 × 10−16
P(3)= ∁364 𝑝3 𝑞61 = 2,2586 × 10−15
P(4)= ∁464 𝑝4 𝑞60 = 3,444 × 10−14
P(5)= ∁564 𝑝5 𝑞59 = 4,133 × 10−20
So, P(X ≤ 5) = 𝑃(𝑋 = 0) + 𝑃(𝑋 = 1) + 𝑃(𝑋 = 2) + 𝑃(𝑋 = 3) +
𝑃(𝑋 = 4) + 𝑃(𝑋 = 5)

P(X≤ 5) =4,501x10−13

Let find P(x≥ 3)

P(X≥ 3) = 1 − 𝑃(𝑥 = 0) − 𝑃(𝑥 = 1) − 𝑃(𝑥 = 2)

= 1- 5,42 × 10−20 − 3,469 × 10−18 − 1,0928 × 10−16

P(X≥ 3) =0,99999

(4) Which of them is more likely to score at least three ??

Don:

P(X≥ 3) = 1-P(X=0)-P(X=1)-P(X=2)

0 0 10
P(X=0)= ∁10 𝑝 𝑞 = 0,10737418
P(X=1)= ∁110 𝑝1 𝑞9 =0,26843546
2 2 8
P(X=2)= ∁10 𝑝 𝑞 =0,30198989

P(X≥ 3) = 1- 0,10737418- 0,26843546- 0,30198989 = 0,322

Yvette:

P(X≥ 3) = P(X = 3) + P(X = 4) + P(X = 5)

P(X=3)= ∁35 𝑝3 𝑞2 = 0,2304

P(X=4)= ∁45 𝑝4 𝑞1 = 0,0768
P(X=5)= ∁55 𝑝5 𝑞0 =0,01024
P(X≥ 3) = 0,317

Don is more likely to score at least three hits

(5)
(a) In Experiment 1, binomial distribution is appropriate ;
Having a given marker can be considered a success and
the other markers can be considered a failure; The event
repeats itself identically and independently, so the
probability of success and failure will not change.
(b) In Experiment 2, binomial distribution is appropriate ;
Having a Black marble can be considered a success and a
white marble can be considered a failure; The event
repeats itself identically and independently, so the
probability of success and failure will not change.
(c) In Experiment 3 , The marker are note replaced after
selection . So the events are not repeat identically and
independently .

(6)
(a)The probability two bolts or less will be faulty .

P(x≤ 2) = 𝑃(𝑋 = 0) + 𝑃(𝑋 = 1) + 𝑃(𝑋 = 2)

P(X=0)= ∁10 𝑝 𝑞 = 0,10737418

0 0 10

P(X=1)= ∁110 𝑝1 𝑞9 =0,26843546

P(X=2)= ∁10
2 2 8
𝑝 𝑞 =0,30198989

P(X≤ 𝟐) =0,6778

(b) The expected value (will not be faulty) :

E=np=10x0,8= 8 bolts

Variance: V(x)= npq=10x0,2x0,8= 1,6

7- (a) The value of: 𝜆=10

(b)The expected number of sales : E(x)=10

(c) The standard deviation :

With poison distribution : 𝜎 = 𝐸(𝑥) = 10 = 𝟑, 𝟏𝟔𝟐

(d) Exactly 5
𝝀𝒙 𝒆−𝝀
P(x)=
𝒙!
𝟏𝟎𝟓 𝒆−𝟏𝟎
P(5)= = 0,03783327
𝟓!

(e) Receive a warming

P(x< 3) = P(x=0) + P(X=1) + P(x=2)

𝟏𝟎𝟎 𝒆−𝟏𝟎 𝟏𝟎𝟏 𝒆−𝟏𝟎 𝟏𝟎𝟐 𝒆−𝟏𝟎
= + +
𝟎! 𝟏! 𝟐!
= 0,0027694

(8)The expected number of empty seats

E(x)= np = 0,2 x 500 = 100

(9) We find :
(a) P(Z< −1,02) = 1 − 𝑃(𝑍 < 1,02) = 1 − 0,8461 = 𝟎, 𝟏𝟓𝟑𝟗
(b) P(Z≻ −0,50) = 𝑃(𝑍 < 0,50) = 𝟎, 𝟔𝟗𝟏𝟓
(c) P(-1,01< 𝑍 < −0,52) = 1 − [𝑃 𝑍 < −1,01 + 𝑃(𝑍 ≻ −0,52)
=1 – [1-P(Z< 1,01) + 𝑃(𝑍 < 0,52)]
=1-[1 – 0,8438 + 0,6985]
= 0,1453
(d)P(-0,51< 𝑍 < 1,00) = 1 − [𝑃 𝑍 < −0,51 + 𝑃 𝑍 > 1,00 ]
=1 – [1-P(Z< 0,51) + 1 − 𝑃(𝑍 < 1,00)]
=1 – [1-0,6950 + 1 - 0,8413
=0,5363
(10)

(a) P(x> 2700)

𝑋 − 𝜇 2700 − 2500
>
𝜎 250
Z> 0,8

P(X> 2700) = 𝑃 𝑍 > 0,8 = 1–P(Z< 0,8) = 1 − 0,7881 = 𝟎, 𝟐𝟏𝟏𝟗

b) P(x< 1900)

𝑋 − 𝜇 1900 − 2500
<
𝜎 250
Z< −2,4

P(X< 1900) = 𝑃 𝑍 < −2,4 = 1 − 𝑃 𝑍 < 2,4 = 1 − 0,9918

= 𝟎, 𝟎𝟎𝟖𝟐
(c) P(2300< 𝑋 < 2550)

2300 − 2500 𝑋 − 𝜇 2550 − 2500

< <
250 𝜎 250
-0,8< 𝑍 < 0,2
P(2300< 𝑋 < 2550) = 𝑃 −0,8 < 𝑍 < 0,2
= 1 − [𝑃 𝑍 < −0,8 + 1 − 𝑃 𝑍 < 0,2 ]
=1-[1-P(Z< 0,8) + 1 − 𝑃(𝑍 < 0,2)]
=0,3674
(d)More than 3125 or less than 2550

P(x> 3125) + 𝑃 𝑋 < 2000

𝑋−𝜇 3125−2500 𝑋−𝜇 2000−2500

> ; <
𝜎 250 𝜎 250

Z> 2,5 ; 𝑍 < −2

P(x> 3125) + 𝑃 𝑥 < 2000 = 𝑃 𝑍 > 2,5 + 𝑃 𝑍 < −2
=1 – P(𝑍 < 2,5) + 1 − 𝑃 𝑍 < 2
=0,02896
11)

(a)
P(𝑋 > 550)
𝑋 − 𝜇 550 − 500
>
𝜎 30
Z> 1,667

P(𝑋 > 550)=P(𝑋 > 1,667) = 1 − 𝑃 𝑍 < 1,667 = 0,0478

Two thousand of these memories are selected

So P(𝑋 > 550)= 0,0478 x 2000 = 95,6

(b) P(480< 𝑋 < 510)

480 − 500 𝑋 − 𝜇 510 − 500

< <
30 𝜎 30

P(480< 𝑋 < 510)=P(-0,667< 𝑍 < 0,333)

=1-[P(Z< −0,667) + 𝑃(𝑍 > 0,333)]
=0,3781
Two thousand of these memories are selected

So, P(480< 𝑋 < 510)=0,3781x2000 = 756,2

(c) P(X> 560) + 𝑃 𝑋 < 440

560−500
P(X> 560) = 𝑃 𝑍 > =𝑃 𝑍 > 2 = 1−𝑃 𝑍 <2
30
=1-0,9772
=0,0228
 440−500
P(X< 440) = 𝑃 𝑍 < = 𝑃 𝑍 < −2 = 1 − 𝑃 𝑍 < 2
30
=1-0,9772
=0,0228
Then P(X> 560) + 𝑃 𝑋 < 440 = 2 x 0,0228 =0,0456
Two thousand of these memories are selected

P(X> 560) + 𝑃 𝑋 < 440 = 0,0456x2000 = 91,2

12) Let X the length of the bulb

P(X> 500) = 5% = 0,05

P(X> 500) = 20% = 0,2

Find the mean and the standard deviation

𝑋−𝜇
Z=
𝜎
X> 500
𝑋−𝜇 500−𝜇
>
𝜎 𝜎
500−𝜇
Z>
𝜎
500−𝜇
• P(Z> )=0,05
𝜎
500−𝜇 500−𝜇
Z> ; 𝜎 = 1,6 Voir le tableau de probabilité en page Annexe
𝜎
500−(𝜇+50)
• Lifetime was increased by 50 :P(Z> )=0,2
𝜎
450−𝜇 450−𝜇
Z> ; 𝜎 = 0,84
𝜎

So :

500−𝜇
𝜎
= 1,6 1,6𝜎 + 𝜇 = 500
450−𝜇
𝜎
= 0,84 0,84𝜎 + 𝜇 = 450

50
0,76𝜎 = 50 ; 𝜎= = 65,79
0,76
The mean :

1,6 38 + 𝜇 = 500; 𝜇 = 500 − 1,6 65,79 = 𝟑𝟗𝟒, 𝟕𝟑𝟔

𝝈 = 𝟔𝟓, 𝟕𝟗 ; 𝝁 = 𝟑𝟗𝟒, 𝟕𝟑𝟔

13) Proportion of bags which are underweight

1000−1004
Z= = - 1,66667
2,4

P(Z< −1,6667) = 0,0478

4.78% of bags are underweight

(14)
Since the mean and standard deviation are unknown and the
respective probabilities for P(z ≤1,8) and
P(Z≥ 2,4) are 0.08 and 0.05 then:

1,8−𝜇
P(Z≤ ) =0,08
𝜎
2,4−𝜇 2,4−𝜇
And P(Z≥ ) = 1 − 𝑃(𝑍 ≤ ) = 0,055
𝜎 𝜎
Using the normal tables, we see that the two values of Z will
be ≈−1.39 and ≈1.6

1,8−𝜇 2,4−𝜇
=-1,39 ; =1,6
𝜎 𝜎
Solving the two inequalities as simultaneous equations, we
have:

−1.39𝜎=1.8−μ…(1)

1.6𝜎=2.4−μ…(2)

After solving this equation we will have:μ=2.08 and 𝝈=0.2

(15) (a)

(i)
𝜆𝑥 𝑒 −𝜆
P(X)=
𝑥!

P(x≤ 7)=1-P(8)-P(9)-P(10)
𝟏𝟎𝟖 𝒆−𝟏𝟎 𝟏𝟎𝟗 𝒆−𝟏𝟎 𝟏𝟎𝟏𝟎 𝒆−𝟏𝟎
=1- - -
𝟖! 𝟗! 𝟏𝟎!
= 0,6371809

(ii) Exactly 5

𝜆5 𝑒 −𝜆 𝟏𝟎𝟓 𝒆−𝟏𝟎
P(5)= = = 0,03783327
5! 𝟓!

(b)

(i) 3 or more days

P(x≥ 3) = 1 − 𝑃(2) − 𝑃(1) − 𝑃(0)

𝟐𝟎𝟐 𝒆−𝟐𝟎 𝟐𝟎𝟏 𝒆−𝟐𝟎 𝟐𝟎𝟐𝟎 𝒆−𝟐𝟎
= 1- - -
𝟐! 𝟏! 𝟎!
= 0,99999954
(ii) No days

𝟐𝟎𝟐𝟎 𝒆−𝟐𝟎
P(X=0)= = 2,06115x1𝟎−𝟗
𝟎!

(c)

𝑋−𝜇 𝟏𝟒𝟎𝟎 −𝟏𝟐𝟎𝟎

Z= = = 0,8
𝜎 𝟐𝟓𝟎

Let find , P(Z> 0,8)= 1- P(Z< 0,8) = 1- 0,7881= 0,2119

(16) (i)
(a)
P(40< 𝑋 < 46)

40 − 41 46 − 41
<𝑍<
2 2
P(40< 𝑋 < 46)=P(-0,5< 𝑋 < 2,5)=1-[P(Z< −0,5) + 𝑃(𝑍 > 2,5)]
=0,6853
(b) Distance exceeded by 60%

𝑋−41
Z=
2

P(Z> X)= 0,6

So Z= - 0,26;
(Voir le tableau en Annexe)
𝜇 − 0,26𝜎 = 𝑋

X=41 - 2(0,26)
X= 40,5

(ii) (a)

P( Z > 0,85) = - 1,036

P(Z > 70 ) = −524
( Voir le tableau des valeurs telle que P(Z> 𝑍𝛼 ) 𝑒𝑛 annexe)
𝜇 − 1,036𝜎 =35
𝜇 − 0,524𝜎 = 37,5
0,512 𝜎 = 2,5
2,5
𝜎= = 𝟒, 𝟖𝟖
0,512
Then , 𝜇-1,036x4,88 =35 ; 𝜇 =35 +1,036x4,88 = 40,1

So ,𝝈 = 𝟒, 𝟖𝟖 ; 𝝁 = 𝟒𝟎, 𝟏
b) Which athlete should be chosen

• theresa probability
48 −41
Z= = 3,5 ; P(Z≥ 3,5)=0,0002
2,0
• Martine probability
48 −40,1
Z= = 1,6; P(Z≥ 1,6)=0,05
4,88

Chose Martine , She has a greeter probability of throwing at

least 48 metres.