1.

Picual:
 Yield: Picual trees are known for their high productivity. A mature tree can
produce between 15 to 20 kilograms of olives per year, depending on the
cultivation practices, climate, and soil conditions. This yield translates to
approximately 3 to 4 liters of olive oil, as Picual olives have a high oil
content (often more than 20% of the fruit's weight).
 Time to maturation: Picual trees start to produce olives relatively early
compared to other varieties. They begin to bear fruit around their 3rd to
5th year, with full production reached by the 20th year.
2. Hojiblanca:
 Yield: Hojiblanca trees have a slightly lower yield compared to Picual. A
mature tree produces approximately 10 to 15 kilograms of olives per year,
which translates to around 2 to 3 liters of olive oil (the oil content is
slightly lower than in Picual olives).
 Time to maturation: Similar to the Picual, Hojiblanca trees begin to
produce olives around their 3rd to 5th year, reaching full production
around the 20th year.
3. Arbequina:
 Yield: Despite their small size, Arbequina trees are quite productive. A
single tree can produce around 15 kilograms of olives, translating to
approximately 3 liters of olive oil (as these olives also have a high oil
content).
 Time to maturation: Arbequina trees are known for their early
maturation. They can start bearing fruit as early as the 2nd or 3rd year,
significantly earlier than many other varieties. Full production is typically
reached by the 10th to 12th year, which is earlier compared to Picual and
Hojiblanca.
4. Planting Density and Hectares:
 Traditional olive farms have a tree spacing of about 8 to 10 meters,
allowing for about 100 to 125 trees per hectare. However, modern
intensive farming practices often use closer spacing to increase
production, even though this requires more resources.
 For a more intensive setup, a spacing of 4 to 5 meters is common, allowing
for about 200 to 250 trees per hectare.
If you have 200 hectares available, the number of trees you can plant will be:
 Traditional spacing (8m x 8m): 200 hectares * 125 trees/hectare =
25,000 trees
 Intensive spacing (4m x 4m): 200 hectares * 250 trees/hectare = 50,000
trees
 5. Production and Revenue:
 Assuming an average production of 15 kg of olives per tree, with about
20% oil yield, you'd get approximately 3 liters of oil per tree.
 Revenue per tree at your given oil price ($8 to $12 per liter) would be $24
to $36.
 Total production for 25,000 trees would be 75,000 liters, and for 50,000
trees, it would be 150,000 liters.
 Total revenue for your entire farm would range from:
1. Traditional: $1.8M to $2.7M (using 25,000 trees)
2. Intensive: $3.6M to $5.4M (using 50,000 trees)
6. Water Requirements:
 Olive trees are known for their drought tolerance and can thrive in semi-
arid conditions. However, for optimal fruit production, a certain level of
irrigation is beneficial, especially in areas with less than 300-400 mm of
annual rainfall.
 The water requirement for olive trees is around 3,000 to 4,000 cubic
meters of water per hectare per year (this can vary based on climate, soil
type, and tree age and health).
 For 200 hectares, this translates to 600,000 to 800,000 cubic meters of
water annually.

These calculations are based on average values and standard practices. Actual tree yield
and water requirements can vary based on local soil, climate conditions, tree health, and
specific agricultural practices. It's also important to factor in the costs of cultivation,
including planting, irrigation systems, maintenance, harvesting, and pressing, which can
significantly impact net revenue. Consulting with an agricultural extension service or a
commercial farming advisor is recommended for precise planning.

1. Olive Oil Production:

 Each variety of olive tree (Picual, Hojiblanca, Arbequina) has a different
yield in terms of oil content. On average, these trees produce about 15-20
kilograms of olives per tree per year. The oil content of the olives from
these trees is typically around 20%, but this can vary. For simplicity, we'll
use 20% as our standard measurement.
 If we consider an average of 17.5 kilograms of olives per tree (a median
figure within the 15-20 kg range), and each kilogram yielding 20% oil, we
get:
 17.5 kg of olives x 20% oil content = 3.5 liters of olive oil per tree.
 For 50,000 trees, this would equate to:
  50,000 trees x 3.5 liters/tree = 175,000 liters of olive oil in total.
2. Revenue Calculation:
 If you're selling the oil at a rate of $8 to $12 per liter, your total revenue
from 175,000 liters would be:
 175,000 liters x $8/liter = $1.4 million (at the lower end)
 175,000 liters x $12/liter = $2.1 million (at the higher end)
This is your annual revenue based on the oil production from the trees.
3. Water Requirements in Liters:
 The water requirement for olive trees is around 3,000 to 4,000 cubic
meters per hectare per year. Since 1 cubic meter is equivalent to 1,000
liters, we're looking at 3,000,000 to 4,000,000 liters per hectare per year.
 For 200 hectares, you would need:
 3,000,000 liters/ha x 200 ha = 600,000,000 liters (or 600 million
liters) at the lower end.
 4,000,000 liters/ha x 200 ha = 800,000,000 liters (or 800 million
liters) at the higher end.
4. Oil Content Per Olive:
 Olives, on average, contain about 18% to 30% oil by weight. This
percentage can vary based on the variety of the olive and the growing
conditions. For the varieties you're interested in (Picual, Hojiblanca,
Arbequina), the oil content is typically high, often around the upper range
of this average.
 For our calculations, let's use a conservative average of 22% oil content by
weight.
5. Calculating Oil Extracted Per Olive:
 The weight of an individual olive varies significantly depending on the type
and growing conditions, but on average, an olive might weigh around 4
grams (0.004 kilograms).
 If we're extracting 22% oil from each olive, the oil extracted from a single
olive would be:
 0.004 kg (weight of one olive) * 22% (oil content) = 0.00088 kg of
oil, which is equivalent to approximately 0.88 grams or roughly 1
milliliter (since the density of olive oil is close to that of water).
6. Calculating Oil Extracted Per Tree:
 If a tree produces about 17.5 kilograms of olives (as calculated from the
average yield per tree per year), the total number of olives per tree is:
 17,500 grams of olives / 4 grams per olive = 4,375 olives
(approximately).
 The total amount of oil per tree would be:
 4,375 olives * 1 milliliter of oil/olive = 4,375 milliliters or about 4.375
liters