TYPES OF LATHE CHUCK

Broadly speaking there are basically seven types of lathe chuck used in
lathe machines, namely
1) Magnetic Chucks
2) Four Jaw Independent Chuck
3) Combination Chuck
4) Three Jaw Universal Chuck
5) Collet Chuck
6) Drill Chuck
7) Air Chuck
8) Hydraulic Chuck
Four Jaw Independent Chuck
Magnetic Chucks:
The magnetic chuck is used for gripping very lean pieces. These
lean pieces are made up of magnetic material which cannot be
gripped in an ordinarily chuck.
Many a times there is a chance of bending, buckling, twisting or
any kind of deformation of the work piece due to pressure of the
jaws of ordinary chucks. At such instances, Magnetic lathes are
used.
The chuck has either electromagnets or permanent magnets
installed in it. It is from these magnets, that the chuck obtains the
radiating magnetic flux. This magnetism aids the chuck to hold the
work piece.
COMBINATION CHUCK
COLLET CHUCK
 DRILL CHUCK

A drill chuck is generally used for holding linear shank drill, reamer,
or tap for drilling, reaming or tapping operation. The chuck can be
mounted either in headstock or in the tailstock spindle. The drill chuck
consists of centering jaws. These centering jaws are run by rotating a
key.
 AIR CHUCK OR HYDRAULIC OPERATED CHUCK

The Air chuck or Hydraulic operated chucks are generally employed in

mass production work. This chuck has a quick and effective holding
calibre. The appliance of air or hydraulic operated chuck is composed of
a hydraulic or air cylinder.
 HYDRAULIC CHUCK
This cylinder is fixed at the rear end of the headstock spindle and turns
with it. The fluid pressure is conveyed to the cylinder by handling a valve
with a lever and the piston will drop within the cylinder. The motion of the
piston is imparted to the jaws by a connecting rod and links and the jaws
hold the work-piece securely.
The mandrel allows the exhaust pipes to be bent into smooth curves
without undesirable creasing, kinking, or collapse. Molten glass may also
be so shaped. A chuck is used on a lathe to hold pieces of wood, metal
or plastic to be machined as they are turned.
 CUTTING SPEED
Cutting speed is defined as the speed at which the work moves
concerning the tool (usually measured in feet per minute).
The cutting speed, expressed in FPM (feet per minute), must not be
confused with the spindle speed of the lathe which is expressed in RPM.
cutting speed is the peripheral speed of the work past the cutting tool. It
is expressed in meter/min. or mm/min.
Cutting speed depends upon the following factors:
i. Tool material.
ii. Work material.
iii. Depth of cut.
iv. Tool geometry.
v. Type of machine tool.
vi. Surface quality required.
 Feed rate is defined as the distance the tool travels during one
revolution of the part.

 Cutting speed and feed determines the surface finish, power

requirements, and material removal rate.

 The primary factor in choosing feed and speed is the material to be cut.
However, one should also consider the material of the tool, rigidity of
the workpiece, size and condition of the lathe, and depth of cut.

 For most Aluminum alloys, on a roughing cut (.010 to .020 inches depth
of cut) run at 600 fpm. On a finishing cut (.002 to .010 depth of cut) run
at 1000 fpm.
 DEPTH OF CUT
The depth of cut is the distance that the tool bit moves into the work,
usually measured in thousandths of an inch or millimeters.
General machine practice is to use a depth of cut up to five times the
rate of feed, such as rough cutting stainless steel using a feed of 0.020
inches per revolution and a depth of cut of 0.100 inch. which would reduce
the diameter by 0.200 inch.
It is the total amount of metal removed per pass of the cutting tool. It is
expressed in mm. It can vary and depend upon the type of tool and work
material. Mathematically, it is half of the difference of diameters.
Depth of cut (t) =(D0-Df)/2 mm
where, D0 = outer diameter, (mm)
, Df = Final diameter (mm)
Example: A steel shaft of 20m.m diameter is turned at a cutting speed of
40 m/min. Find the r.p.m of the shaft.

Example: Find the time required for one complete cut on piece of work
700 mm long and 50 mm in diameter. The cutting speed is 70 meters per
minute and the fee is 0.5 mm per revolution.