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X C Section 3, Miscelleneous QS, Zia, Bhutto& Relationsppt
X C Section 3, Miscelleneous QS, Zia, Bhutto& Relationsppt
Over 3 million Afghan Such a massiveand Drug use and drug trafficking
refugees fled from the war
[7] unplanned influx of refugees grew at an alarming rates
areas to Pakistan ,Pakistan caused many until Pakistan became one of
soon became the problems.tensions between leading countries in the
acknowledged route for pakistanis and Afghans led to world in drug trafficking
channelling assistance to the violence .There was .Alongwith the drugs guns
Mujahideen and received resentment at the large culture also became common
economis help from west for amount of money being in Pakistan through
these refugees but soviet spent on helping the smuggling .Moreover
Union hit back to try to refugees .Competition over Pakistan had to spend a lot of
prevent Pakistan’s support jobs was another cause of ill economic resources to feed
for mujahideen….Pakistan’s feelings.. these afghan refugees hence
frontier towns were difficult to face such crisis
bombed..explosions in due to the Afghan refugees.
cities..
Q12.Why were the relations between Pakistan and USA
deteriorated after Afghan war? [7] Kelly pg#
179
Successes Failures
Ayub Khan’s educational reforms Ayub’s educational reforms didn’t
…..[Smith pg#142 Kelly 131-132] prove significant progress as there
Bhutto’s educational Reforms… was low priority to education due to
His educational policy was based on higher military expenses,rate frequent
eight ambitious goals providing free absenteeism quite high,less than half
comulsory education to al….[Kelly pg the children even went to
146] school….(.problems in education)
Gen Zia ‘s stress upon Islamization in Bhutto’s nationalization policy in
his educational policy..compulsory education resulted in insignifcant
study of Arabic ,Islamiat and Pakistan progress….
Studies ,extra marks for Hafiz e Quran
Higher allocation on Education
expenditure in budget increased from
2% to 2.9%
Q16.Why was Tashkand Agreement signed between
India and Pakistan? [7]
Successes Failures
Quaid’s achievements in establishing •power practices by the beaurocrats
government and forming constituent Ghulam Muhammad Iskandar Mirza
assembly ,Constitutional crisis and failure of 1956
Constitution 1956 parliamentary form of constitution …
government…but limited powers to PM •Ayub Khan’s Basic democracies and
Constitution 1973 Unanimously agreed constitution 1962….Smith 147
constitution ..provided sound principles •Military dictatorships Yahya Khan,Zia ul
of parliamentary democracy [F.Bajwa] Haq ..suspension of the constitution 1973
..Changes brought by Gen Zia..article 48
and 8th amendment
•Gen Musharraf ‘s military take over…
Q11.How successful have the governments been in the
Islamization of Pakistan between 1947-1999?Explain your
answer. [14]
Successes Failures
•Passing of Objectives Resolution •Objectives Resolution was criticized by
1949…importance of Objectives ulemas …sufficiently unIslamic..
Resolution •How did Ayub Khan try to modernize
•Constitution of 1956 provided Islamic Islam
provisions..No no Muslim can acquire the •Muslim Family Law Ordinance
position of PM or President ..name of the •Removed the word Islamic from
country –Islamic Republic of Pakistan. Pakistan..[Smith pg #141,147]
•No law can be made which is repugnant •Zia’s Islamization policy damaged the
to Islam and Sharia… Principles of Quran international standing of Pakistan.They
and Sunnah… aroused criticism from leaders and people
•Constitution 1973 basic human rights in other countries too…moreover his
were granted as laid down in Islamization policy had many political
Islam..Islamization to be promoted intentions too…Hudood ordinance
…results of Islamization [Smith pg criticized ..couldn’t be practiced
166.167 and F.Bajwa pg # 177 Constitution
1973]
Q17.Why was Simla Accord signed between India
and Pakistan in 1972? [7]
Bhutto had become the Prime Minister of Pakistan now he wanted to increase his
popularity by bringing the war prisoners home.He wanted to gain acceptance of his
reforms and improve his image in the international community by showing his
efforts of establishing peace with India…so to win support for his government both
national and internationally ,Simal Accord was signed.
Q15.Why was loss of East Pakistan a great tragedy
for Pakistan? [7]
Firstly because the failure in the war
resulted in the loss of East wing which Pakistan faced heavy losses of life,
was very shocking and demoralizing for casualties ,90000 Pakistan troops became
the entire nation and armed forces ,so it the Indian prisoners of war ,Pakistan had to
caused a devastating effect on the face terrible consequences due to the loss
federation of Pakistan .Pakistan faced of military expenditures.Moreover its
declining image in the international world relations with India became even more
as a result of the rebellion broke out in hostile ,Indians had also occupied over
East Pakistan which was strongly resisted 5000square miles of territory in west
by East Pakistanis.. could not be dealt Pakistan..
successfully…
There had been severe riots erupted not only due to food shortage
but also because of the religious sentiments.The ulemas began a
country wide campaign against the Ahmadis… so due to .such
intensive law and order and intense situation ,the entire
responsibility of good governance was placed upon Nazimuddin’s
government and hence he was dismissed by Governor General
Ghulam Muhammad in 1953.
Why did being a nuclear power create difficulties for Pakistan
in the 1980’s and 1990’s? [7]
…