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Assignment

Question 1: Indianism and Examples

Indianism refers to words or phrases that are a direct translation from an Indian language into
English, and are commonly used in India but not understood or recognized in other English-
speaking countries. Here are 10 examples of Indianisms:

1. “Pass out” - In standard English, this phrase means to faint, but in Indian English, it means
to graduate.
2. “Kindly revert” - This phrase is used in Indian English to mean “please reply”.
3. “Doing the needful” - This phrase is used to mean “doing what is necessary”.
4. “Prepone” - This is an Indian English word used to mean the opposite of postpone, i.e., to
bring forward.
5. “Out of station” - This phrase is used to mean “out of town”.
6. “Only” - This word is often used at the end of sentences for emphasis, which is not common
in standard English.
7. “What is your good name?” - This is a direct translation of a polite way to ask someone’s
name in many Indian languages.
8. “I am having a car” - This phrase is used to mean “I own a car”.
9. “Discuss about” - In standard English, we just say “discuss something”, not “discuss about
something”.
10. “Yearly once” - This phrase is used to mean “once a year”.

Question 2: Redundant Expressions

Redundant expressions are phrases in which one or more words repeat the meaning of another
word. Here are 20 examples:

1. Absolutely essential
2. Advance warning
3. Added bonus
4. End result
5. Free gift
6. Future plans
7. Past history
8. Unexpected surprise
9. Personal opinion
10. Final outcome
11. New innovation
12. Necessary requirement
13. Close proximity
14. Exact same
15. Basic fundamentals
16. True facts
17. Important essentials
18. Foreign imports
19. Potential possibilities
20. Final conclusion

Question 3: Misappropriations and Their Differences

Misappropriations are words that are often confused with each other. Here are 10 pairs of such
words, along with sentences showing their correct usage:

1. Accept vs Except: “I accept your proposal.” vs “Everyone is here except John.”

2. Affect vs Effect: “The weather can affect your mood.” vs “The effect of the medicine was
immediate.”
3. Compliment vs Complement: “He gave me a nice compliment about my dress.” vs “The
wine and cheese complement each other.”
4. Discreet vs Discrete: “Please be discreet about this matter.” vs “There are three discrete
categories.”
5. Elicit vs Illicit: “The teacher tried to elicit responses from the students.” vs “He was arrested
for illicit activities.”
6. Principal vs Principle: “The principal of the school is very strict.” vs “He is a man of
principle.”
7. Stationary vs Stationery: “The car was stationary.” vs “I need to buy some stationery for
school.”
8. Than vs Then: “He is taller than me.” vs “We went to the park, then we went to the movies.”
9. Their vs There: “Their house is beautiful.” vs “There is a book on the table.”
10. Your vs You’re: “Your dress is lovely.” vs “You’re going to love this movie.”

Question 4: Argumentative Writing vs Explanatory Writing

Argumentative writing and explanatory writing are two different types of writing styles.

Argumentative writing is a type of writing where the writer takes a stance on an issue and
provides evidence to support that stance. The goal of argumentative writing is to persuade
the reader to agree with the writer’s point of view.

Explanatory writing, on the other hand, is a type of writing where the writer explains a
topic or concept to the reader. The goal of explanatory writing is to inform and educate the
reader, not to persuade them.

Question 5: Precis Writing and Strategies

Precis writing is a type of writing where the writer provides a concise and clear summary of a
longer text. The goal of precis writing is to present the main points and arguments of the
original text in a shorter form. Here are some strategies for writing a precis:

1. Read the original text carefully and understand the main points and arguments.
2. Identify the main thesis of the text.
3. Write a summary of each section of the text, focusing on the main points and arguments.
4. Combine these summaries into a coherent whole, making sure to maintain the logical flow
of the original text.
5. Revise and edit the precis to ensure it is clear, concise, and accurate.