B C D E

700
ITEM NAME PRICE QTY AMT
Soap 49 3 147
600 Coffee 156 2 312
Milk 50 5 250
Sugar 55 4 220
500
Toothpaste 156 4 624
Brush 25 8 200
400

300

200

100

0
Soap Coffee Milk Sugar Toothpaste Brush
C PRICE
D QTY
E AMT
 5 1 4 12 -11
6 2 5 16 11,16666667
7 8 6 7 262137
12 13 9 5 3,333333333
-1584
72,875
-4,8
22
1679695
224
3,020833333
1
 Model Story Board
Social networking refer to using internet-based social
media sides to stay connected with friends, family
colleagues,or customers. social networking can
have social purpose and business purpose,or
both through sides like facebook, X, instagram
etc.
 Feature Of Social Networking
●
More than 4.7 billion people around the world
use social media .
●
Social media is also an increasingly important
part of many companies marketing campaigns.
●
The largest social media platforms world wide
are Facebook,Youtube,Whatsapp etc.
 Advantages of social networking
●
Sharing-Friends and family members who are
geographically dispersed can connect remotely and
share information,updates,photos and videos.
●
Learning-Social networks serve as great learning
platforms.
●
Interacting-Social networking enhances user
interactions by breaking the barrier of time and distance.
Disadvantages of social networking
●
Since everything is through texts,the emotional
bound is lost between them.
●
Leads to a lack of quality family time.
●
Facilitates laziness among youth.
 INTRODUCTION
●
​ hroughout​history​never​at​a​time​has​our​planet​earth​witnessed​the​magnitude​of​ecological​​
T
crises​as​we​are​experiencing​today.​The​carrying​capacity​of​the​earth​has​been​overstretched​as​
​the​waters,​air,​and​land​are​been​polluted​on​a​daily​basis.​Scientists,​scholars​and​even​​
governments​world​over​have​come​to​realize​that​the​global​environment​is​fast​changing​as​a​​
result​of​global​warming​and​climate​change​induced​by​man‘s​industrial​and​domestic​emission​​
of​Green​House​Gases.​Related​environmental​crises​such​as​floods,​desertification,​drought,​​
biodiversity​loss,​irregular​rainfall​patterns,​over​grazing,​pollution,​and​so​on​has​impacted​on​​the​
lives​of​hundreds​of​millions​of​people​worldwide.​The​nature​of​climate​change​suggests​that​
global​environment​is​​threatened​and​human​society​is​even​at​a​greater​risk​as​man‘s​own​
survival​is​threatened;​this​is​​so​because​environmental​problems​respect​no​national​boundary,​
they​might​be​local​in​cause​​but​global​in​effect.
●
​The​contributions​of​man​to​this​environmental​issues​cannot​be​ignored​,​ever​since​​the​advent​
of​the​industrial​revolution​in​the​18th​and​19th​century​Europe​and​the​spread​of​​industrialization​
across​the​world,​the​incidence​of​environmental​degradation​have​rise​rapidly​.​​Hence​for​one​to​
understand​contemporary​global​environmental​problems​one​needs​to​first​of​​all​understand​the​
nature​and​operations​of​the​modern​industrial​society.​
 THE​ENVIRONMENT
●
​the​environment​as​anything​that​affects​an​organism​during​its​life​time.​​From​this​perspective,​the​
environment​encompasses​man‘s​network​of​relationships.​Whatever​​man​does,​either​in​the​
social,​economic,​political,​technological,​cultural​or​religious​guided​by​the​confines​of​his​
environment.
●
​environment​means​all​circumstances​and​conditions​that​surround​an​organism​or​​group​of​
organism.​They​further​extended​their​definition​of​the​environment​to​mean​the​social​​and​cultural​
conditions​that​affect​an​individual​or​community.Anvironment​means​different​things​to​different​
people,​it​is​defined​as​​a​physical​surrounding,​condition,​circumstances​etc.​in​which​persons​live.​
To​him,​the​​environment​includes​nature​which​is​the​physical​part​comprising​all​phenomena​of​the​
material​​world​including​plants,​animals,​landscape,​etc.​and​the​entire​ecosystem,​the​biological​​
community​of​interacting​organism.​​environment​​is​related​more​to​the​conditions​that​support​the​
survival​of​human​beings.​For​him,​the​​environment​means​a​bulk​of​elements​which​include​water,​
air,​land​and​all​plants​and​man​​himself;​other​animals​living​therein​and​above​all​the​
interrelationship​which​exist​among​these​​or​any​of​them.​In​all,​whatever​way​one​looks​at​the​
environment,​it​is​the​total​conditions​that​​surround​an​organism​(biological​or​social)​during​its​life​
which​facilitates​or​hinders​the​growth​​and​survival​of​that​organism.
 COMPONENT​OF​THE​
ENVORMRNT
●
1.​Lithosphere​(Land):​The​outer​layers​of​the​soils​earth​e.g.​rocks,​sediments​and​
soil
●
​ .​Atmosphere​(Air):​The​layer​of​gases​that​extend​from​the​earth​surface​up​to​
2
about​100​​km​to​the​outer​bounding​of​our​planet
●
​ .​Hydrosphere​(Water):​The​layers​of​water​that​covers​our​planet​oceans,​lakes,​
3
rivers,​​streams,​and​ice​sheet​snow​and​water​in​the​soiL
●
​ .​Biosphere:​This​is​the​tiniest​layer,​comprising​organic​matters​i.e.​plants​and​
4
animals.​​This​layer​covers​much​of​the​land​surface​and​extends​into​the​
atmosphere,​and​deep​​into​the​water​bodies.​Human​beings​are​part​of​the​
biosphere​and​exist​by​interacting​​with​the​other​three​spheres.
●
​ he​environment​hence​is​a​system​or​community​of​biotic​and​abiotic​components​
T
sustained​by​​interactions​of​energy​circles​as​seen​in​food​chains​and​food​webs.
 ENVIRONMENT​AND​SOCIETY​
RELATION
The​history​of​man​and​human​society​can​be​vividly​described​as​been​characterized​by​​continues​
●

interaction​between​man​and​his​environment.​It​is​interesting​to​note​that​this​​interaction​between​man​
and​the​environment​has​been​enduring​over​time​and​the​nature​of​this​​interaction​has​been​changing​
as​the​human​society​changes​in​its​organization,​structure​and​​advancement​in​technology​.​The​
human​society​does​not​exist​in​a​vacuum​but​​within​a​physical​environment,​hence​the​importance​of​
this​dyadic​relationship​is​underscored​in​​the​sense​that​man‘s​survival​is​entirely​predicated​on​the​
environment‘s​capacity​to​sustain​his​​welfare​needs​(food,​shelter​and​clothing).​The​sustainability​of​the​
environment​on​the​other​​hand​is​also​tied​to​man‘s​prudent​use​of​the​physical​environment​and​its​
numerous​resources,​​which​ensures​and​guarantees​the​true​source​of​man‘s​continued​existence​.​​
However​as​human​population​increases,​with​associated​urbanization​and​technological​​advancement,​
man​has​not​been​prudent​with​the​use​of​the​environmental​resources​(food,​​water,​energy,​mineral​
resources,​forests​and​wild​life)​over​time,​as​he​struggles​to​satisfy​his​​basic​and​developmental​needs​
he​encroaches​on​the​environment​in​effort​to​meet​the​increasing​​demands​of​a​larger​society.​Hence,​
the​relationship​between​man​and​his​environment​is​​measured​and​can​be​summarized​by​defining​the​
functions​of​the​environment.​​three​basic​functions​of​the​environment​which​are​basic​prerequisite​for​
human​lives​these​include:​(a)​that​the​environment​provides​the​resources​essential​for​life​(air,​water​
and​raw​materials);​(b)​that​the​environment​also​serves​as​a​waste​repository,​e.g.​body​waste,​
garbage​and​sewage;​(c)​it​houses​man​and​other​living​organism.​
human​population​was​small​and​life​was​simple.​Human​waste​was​purely​biological​i.e.​​biodegradable​material,​which​
●

serve​as​source​of​food​for​decomposers.​The​relationship​​between​man​and​his​environment​was​mutual​and​symbiotic​
as​there​exist​an​ecological​systems​​balance​and​equilibrium.​However,​environmental​pollution​began​as​population​
increased,​​waste​was​produced​in​excess​more​than​which​the​ecosystem​can​absorb.​In​order​to​better​​society​man​
advanced​technological​inventions​for​natural​resources​exploitation,​which​subdued​​the​ecosystem.​Agriculture​alter​
specie​mixture,​logging​of​wood​for​industries​leads​to​​deforestation,​over​grazing​of​arid​and​semi-arid​land​results​in​
desertification,​aquatic​​ecosystems​are​been​polluted​by​agricultural​chemical​run​off​and​industrial​waste​leading​to​​
biodiversity​loss​and​extinction​becomes​the​consequence​of​the​inability​of​species​to​adapt​to​​changes​in​their​
environment.​Rapid​population​growth​has​resulted​in​increased​demands​upon​​the​earth‘s​resources​which​have​led​to​
accelerated​environmental​degradation,​and​have​​precipitated​potentially​serious​global​climate​change.​The​human​
impact​on​land​has​been​​enormous,​as​land–use​has​changed,​natural​vegetation​is​cleared​for​agricultural​use​
settlements​​and​urbanization​increase,​resources​are​created,​minerals​are​extracted,​and​more​land​is​​developed​for​
recreation​purposes.​Acute​concern​is​now​widely​expressed​over​deforestation​of​​boreal​and​tropical​forests,​the​
degradation​of​grass,​lands​and​wetlands​and​desertification.​Such​​destruction​of​natural​ecosystems​has​led​to​a​
reduction​in​biodiversity,​and​impoverishment​of​​soils,​in​attempts​to​counter​the​deleterious​effects​of​land​misuse​in​
areas,​exotic​plants​and​​animals​are​being​carefully​monitored​&​encouraged.​Human​impact​on​the​soil​has​also​caused​​
some​considerable​damages,​commonly​because​of​poor​agricultural​practices,​excessive​water​​extraction,​poor​irrigation,​
and​compaction​by​heavy​vehicles​and​animals.​The​cumulative​​effects​of​these​can​be​disastrous​to​countries​whose​
economics​are​heavily​dependent​on​​agriculture.​The​amelioration​of​these​poor​practices​and​the​improvement​of​soil​
quality​require​​an​understanding​of​the​chemistry​of​the​soil​and​nutrient​supply​cycles.​The​oceans​and​the​seas​​cover​
more​than​two​third​of​the​earth‘s​surface.​It​is​believed​that​life​almost​certainly​evolved​​from​the​seas​and​there​is​more​
species​diversity​in​the​sea​than​anywhere​else​on​earth.​Many​of​​the​food​chains​and​food​webs​start​with​organizations​
inhabiting​the​seas​and​oceans.​The​​ocean–atmosphere​system​regulates​the​global​climate.​It​is​a​sensitive​thermostat.​
The​seas​and​​the​oceans​are​rich​with​food​and​mineral​resources.​
threaten​this​vast​life.​Humans​think​that​the​vastness​of​the​sea​makes​it​an​ideal​place​for​​virtually​
every​type​of​waste,​including​toxic​chemicals​and​nuclear​waste.​The​exploitation​of​​Earth‘s​
resources​inevitably​produces​waste,​some​of​which​may​be​hazardous​or​toxic.​Until​the​​past​few​
decades,​much​of​the​waste​has​been​disposed​of​without​any​real​concern​for​the​​damage​to​
ecosystems​and​frequently​under​the​auspices​of​―not​in​my​back​yard.​​Evidently,​this​society-
environment​interaction​which​is​anthropocentric​(human-centered)​in​​nature​has​led​to​what​is​
known​as​contemporary​global​environmental​changes​​​and​they​are​manifested​in​the​following:​
depletion​of​ozone​layer,​global​warming,​and​climate​​change.​The​concept​climate​change​refers​to
any​change​in​climate​overtime​as​a​result​of​either​​of​both​natural​variability​and​anthropogenic​
factors.​climate​change​as​​a​change​of​​climate​which​is​attributed​directly​or​indirectly​to​human​
activity​that​alters​the​composition​of​​the​global​atmosphere​and​which​is​in​addition​to​natural​
climate​variability​observed​over​​comparable​time​periods.These​changes​in​global​climate​portend​
both​​environmental​and​social​implications​for​human​society.​To​buttress​this​point,​Redclift​and​​
Woodgate​asserts​that​the​notion​of​the​singularity​of​the​environment​has​been​​reinforced​in​recent
years​as​a​result​of​the​widespread​attention​given​to​global​environmental​​change​and​global​
warming;​these​phenomena​carry​the​ultimate​expression​of​the​biophysical​​environment​as​an​
underlying​global​biospheric​and​atmospheric​system,​the​degradation​of​​which​will​have​
consequences​for​all​peoples​on​the​earth‘.​The​environmental​impacts​of​​climate​change​includes​
melting​of​the​glaciers​and​rise​in​sea​level​which​leads​to​perennial​​flooding;​draught;​loss​of​
biodiversity;​desertification;​deforestation​etc.
Environmental/Critical​Realism

​ nvironmental​or​Critical​realism​developed​as​an​alternative​approach​which​attempts​to​
E
​approach​environmental​issues​in​a​scientific​way​​.​It​involves​bringing​together​​
evidences​from​across​the​social​and​natural​sciences​in​order​to​understand​better​why​​
environmental​problems​occur.​Critical​realism​aims​to​get​beneath​the​surface​of​the​
visible​​evidence​to​uncover​the​underlying​causes​of​events​and​problems.​Realists​have​
criticized​​constructionists​for​trivializing​environmental​issues​by​relegating​it​to​the​
relativity​of​​subjective​meaning​and​interpretation​instead​of​relying​on​objective​reality.​
QA
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s.no. R.NO. Hindi English Maths Science SST
1 1 25 24 24 24 24
2 4 15 23 26 23 15
3 6 25 21 24 25 17
4 7 24 20 17 24 24
5 9 22 16 23 21 26
6 11 20 18 22 22 26
Total Result(%)
121 60,5
102 51
112 56
109 54,5
108 54
108 54
Artificial intelligent (AI), the ability of the digital computer or computer –
controlled robot to perform tasks commonly associated with intelligent beings.
The term is frequently applied to the project of developing systems endowed
with the intellectual processes characteristics of human such as the ability to
reason discover meaning generalize,or learn from experience.

What is intelligence? All but the simplest human behaviour is ascribed to

intelligence , while even the most complicated insect behaviour is usually
taken as an indication of intelligence.

Learning-There are a number of different forms of learning as applied to

artificial intelligence. The simplest is learning by trial and error. For
example, a simple computer problems for solving mate-in-one chess
problems might try moves at random until mate is found.
YEAR PROFIT(%)
16
1 25
15
2 35
3 32,5 14
4 23,75 13
5 35 12
6 32 11
7 35 10
8 42 9
9 40 8
10 45
7
11 44
6
12 41
13 39 5
14 45 4
15 43 3
16 45,5 2
1
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40
 PROFIT(%)
YEAR

45 50