Constitutional Amendments

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Constitutional Amendments by ZERO NOTES

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 Constitutional Amendments
No Year Objectives

1 1951 Added special provision for the advancement of any socially and educationally backward classes
or for SCs and STs

To fully secure the constitutional validity of zamindari abolition laws and to place reasonable
restrictions on freedom of speech. A new constitutional device, called Schedule 9 introduced to
protect against laws that are contrary to the Constitutionally guaranteed fundamental rights.
7 1956 Reorganization of states on linguistic lines, abolition of Class A, B, C, D states and
introduction of UTs
33
+ 350A states that every State to provide facilities for instruction in mother Tongue at the
Primary stage to children belonging to linguistic minority groups and empowers the P to
issue directions to any State for securing such facilities
+ 350B inserted provides for appointment for the P to appoint Special Officers whose duty
shall to investigate all matters relating to safeguards provided for linguistic minorities under
the Constitution and to report to the President upon those matters. These reports shall be
laid before each house of Parliament and sent to the Governments of the States concerned
10 1961 Incorporation of Dadra, Nagar and Haveli as a UT, consequent to acquisition from Portugal.
11 1961 Election of Vice President by an Electoral College consisting of members of both Houses of
Parliament, instead of election by a Joint Sitting of Parliament.
12 1961 Incorporation of Goa, Daman and Diu as a UT, consequent to acquisition from Portugal.
13 1963 Formation of State of Nagaland, with special protection under Article 371A
14 1962 Incorporation of Pondicherry into the Union of India and creation of Legislative Assemblies for HP,
Tripura, Manipur and Goa
15 1963 Raise retirement age of High Court judges from 60 to 62
16 1963 Make it obligatory for seekers of public office to swear their allegiance to the Indian Republic
and prescribe the various obligatory templates
19 1966 Abolish Election Tribunals and enable trial of election petitions by regular High Courts
24 1971 Enable parliament to dilute fundamental rights through amendments to the constitution.
25 1972 Restrict property rights and compensation in case the state takes over private property

However, SC quashed a part of Article 31C, to the extent it took away the power of judicial review.
This was done in the landmark case of Kesavananda Bharati v. State of Kerala (1973) which for the
first time enunciated the Basic structure doctrine.
26 1971 Abolition of privy purse paid to former rulers of princely states which were incorporated into the
Indian Republic
27 1972 Reorganization of Mizoram into a UT with a legislature and council of ministers
31 1973 Increase size of Parliament from 525 to 545 seats
33 1974 Prescribes procedure for resignation by members of parliament and state legislatures and the
procedure for verification and acceptance of resignation by house speaker
34 1974 Place land reform acts and amendments to these act under Schedule 9 of the constitution
36 1975 Formation of Sikkim as a State within the Indian Union
37 1975 Formation of Arunachal Pradesh legislative assembly
39 1975 Amendment designed to negate the judgement of Allahabad High Court invalidating Prime Minister
Indira Gandhi's election to parliament

Struck down by SC in case of Indira Nehru Gandhi vs Shri Raj Narain 1976, for being in violation of
basic structure
40 1976 Enable Parliament to make laws with respect to Exclusive Economic Zone and vest the mineral
wealth with Union of India

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 41 1976 Raise Retirement Age Limit of Chairmen and Members of JPSC and SPSC from 60→62
42 1976 "Mini-Constitution"
- Fundamental Duties
- Socialist Secular Integrity : Preamble
- It attempted to reduce the power of SC and HCs
Minerva Mills Case, SC declared unconstitutional two provisions of 42nd CAA
44 1976 The 44th CAA 1978 reversed the provision made by the 42nd CAA that allowed the government to
amend the constitution on its wish by Article 368. 44th Amendment Act nullified this unjustified
power to the government

Right to Property was removed from the list of FRs (Art 31) and was made a legal right under Art
300A

Proclamation of Emergency can be issued only when the security of India or any part of its territory
is threatened by war or external aggression or by armed rebellion. Internal disturbance not
amounting to armed rebellion would not be a ground for the issue of a Proclamation

It replaced the word “internal disturbance” with “armed rebellion”. It made P declare a NE only on
the written recommendation of the cabinet. Duration of NE should not be extended more than 6
months at a time

Empowered President to send back advice of CoM for reconsideration

FRs guaranteed by Articles 20 and 21 cannot be suspended during a NE

The right to liberty is further strengthened by the provision that law for preventive detention cannot
authorise, in any case, detention for a longer period than 2 months, unless an Advisory Board has
reported that there is sufficient cause for such detention.

Right of the media to report freely and without censorship the proceedings in Parliament and the
State Legislatures
49 1984 Recognize Tripura as a Tribal State and enable the creation of a Tripura Tribal Areas Autonomous
District Council.
52 1985 Anti Defection Law - Provide disqualification of members from parliament and assembly in case of
defection from one party to another.

However, parts of the 10th Schedule to the Constitution of India was struck down by the SC in the
case of Kihoto Hollohan v. Zachillhu for being in contravention with Article 368 of the Constitution
53 1986 Special provision with respect to the State of Mizoram
54 1986 Increase the salary of CJI & other Judges and to provide for determining future increases
without the need for constitutional amendment
55 1987 Special powers to Governor consequent to formation of state of Arunachal Pradesh
56 1987 Transition provision to enable formation of state of Goa
61 1989 Reduce age for voting rights from 21 to 18

69 1992 To provide for a legislative assembly and council of ministers for the Federal National Capital of
Delhi. Delhi continues to be a UT

70 1991 Include Delhi and Pondicherry in electoral college for P Election

73 1992 Statutory provisions for Panchayat Raj as third level of administration in villages

74 1992 Statutory provisions for Local Administrative bodies as third level of administration in urban areas
such as towns and cities.

75 1994 Provisions for setting up Rent Control Tribunals

76 1994 Enable continuance of 69% reservation in Tamil Nadu by including the relevant Tamil Nadu Act
under 9th Schedule of the constitution.

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 77 1995 A technical amendment to protect reservation to SC/ST Employees in promotions

81 2000 Protect SC / ST reservation in filling backlog of vacancies

83 2000 Exempt Arunachal Pradesh from reservation for SCs in PRIs

85 2002 A technical amendment to protect Consequential seniority in case of promotions of SC/ST
Employees
86 2002 Provides Right to Education until the age of 14 and Early childhood care until the age of 6
87 2003 Extend the usage of 2001 national census population figures for state wise distribution of
parliamentary seats
89 2003 National Commission for SCs and STs was bifurcated
91 2004 Restrict the size of council of ministers to 15% of legislative members & to strengthen Anti Defection
laws.
93 2006 To enable provision of reservation (27%) for OBC in government as well as private educational
institutions
94 2006 To provide for a Minister of Tribal Welfare in newly created Jharkhand and Chhattisgarh States
including MP, Orissa

95 2010 To extend the reservation of seats for SCs and STs in the Lok Sabha and state assemblies
from Sixty years to Seventy years
96 2011 Substituted "Odia" for "Oriya"
97 2012 Added the words "or co-operative societies" after the word "or unions" in Article 19(l)(c)
Insertion of article 43B → Promotion of Co-operative Societies
Added Part-IXB → The Co-operative Societies.
98 2013 To empower Governor of Karnataka to take steps to develop Hyderabad-Karnataka Region

99 2015 Formation of a NJAC (later struck down by SC)

100 2015 Exchange of certain enclave territories with Bangladesh and conferment of citizenship rights to
residents of enclaves consequent to signing of Land Boundary Agreement (LBA) Treaty
between India and Bangladesh
101 2017 Introduced GST
102 2018 Constitutional status to National Commission for Backward Classes
103 2019 A maximum of 10% Reservation for EWSs of citizens of classes other than the classes mentioned
in clauses (4) and (5) of Article 15, i.e. Classes other than socially and educationally backward
classes of citizens or SCs and STs
Amendment to Article 15, added Clause [6]
Amendment to Article 16, added Clause [6]
104 2020 To extend the reservation of seats for SCs and STs in the Lok Sabha and states assemblies from 70
years to 80 years
Removed the reserved seats for the Anglo-Indian community in the LS and state assemblies

Constitutional Amendments by ZERO NOTES

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