194 7 Dynamics of Mechanical Systems

1. the net torque .τ with respect to the center O of the hemisphere and the net force acting on the
ball during its motion as a function of the angle .θ;
2. the component .τ z (that is the component along the z-axis of the torque);
3. the component . L z of the angular momentum, also indicate its properties;
4. the minimum value of.vmin that is necessary for the ball to reach the upper edge of the hemisphere.

Exercise 7.4 Two identical masses .m = 0.25 kg are suspended from a vertical rod by two rigid
bars of length . L = 20 cm and negligible mass (Fig. 7.17, right). When the system rotates around
the vertical axis with constant angular velocity .ω, there exists a configuration in which the angle .θ
that the two rods form with respect to the vertical is constant in time and as a function of .ω.
1. Assuming that .θ is constant during the rotation, determine the relationship between the angular
velocity .ω and the angle .θ, neglecting all frictional forces.
2. Determine the minimum angular velocity .ω0 for which .θ > 0.
Now suppose that the two masses .m are subjected to a viscous force proportional to their velocity,
.F = −βv, being .β=3.0 kg/s , and that the system is kept in rotation by a motor with angular
velocity .ω1 = 14 rad/s. Under these conditions, assuming the angle .θ to be constant during the
rotation, calculate:
1. the work performed by the engine in each revolution to overcome the viscous friction;
2. the axial component . L z of the angular momentum of the system with respect to the suspension
point of the bar.
3. Suddenly the engine stops and the system begins to slow down due to friction. Calculate the
amount of time that it is necessary to. L z to decreased by 90% with respect to the value calculated
in the previous point.
Exercise 7.5 A body with a mass of .m = 2.5 kg (including a small amount of negligible mass of
explosive) is thrown vertically upwards with an initial velocity of magnitude.v0 . When it reaches the
maximum altitude .h = 250m, the body explodes into two fragments with masses .m 1 = m/4 and
.m 2 = 3/4m. The two fragments fall and arrive simultaneously on the ground, at the same height
from which the body.m was launched. The explosion, which can be considered instantaneous, gives
the two fragments an additional overall kinetic energy equal to 8.3% of the kinetic energy possessed
by the body of mass .m at the moment of launch. Neglecting any sort of friction, determine:
1. the initial velocity .v0 with which .m was thrown;
2. the velocity vectors of the bodies of mass .m 1 and .m 2 immediately after the explosion;
3. the total kinetic energy of .m 1 and .m 2 at the instant they hit the ground;
4. the distance between the positions at which .m 1 and .m 2 hit the ground.