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Q 2
Q 2
Quiz #2
1. S1.4, Exercise 9: Let L(x, y) be the statement “x loves y”, where the domain for
both x and y consists of all people in the world. Use quantifiers to express each of
these statements:
∃y∀xL(x, y)
¬∃x∀yL(x, y) ≡ ∀x∃y¬L(x, y)
∃y¬L(Lydia, y)
∃y∀x¬L(x, y)
2. S1.4, Exercise 33: Rewrite each of these statements so that negations appear only
within predicates (that is, so that no negation is outside a quantifier or an expression
involving logical connectives).
1
a.
b.
c.
d.
¬∀x(∃y∀zP (x, y, z) ∧ ∃z∀yP (x, y, z)) ≡ ∃x¬(∃y∀zP (x, y, z) ∧ ∃z∀yP (x, y, z))
≡ ∃x(¬∃y∀zP (x, y, z) ∨ ¬∃z∀yP (x, y, z))
≡ ∃x(∀y∃z¬P (x, y, z) ∨ ∀z∃y¬P (x, y, z))