REGION 2: Cagayan Valley

- Is composed of 5 provinces , namely, the valley provinces of Cagayan and

Isabela, the mountain provinces of Quirino and Nueva Vizcaya, and the Island
of Batanes. It has one independent city, three components cities, 89
municipalities and 2,311 barangays within its 12 Congressional Districts.
Among the literary forms found in Region 2 are baliwayway, dimolat, laji, and
unoni.

 BALIWAYWAY In English (Go away), an Ilongot lullaby showing the tribal

pattern of culture in which the father expressed his fears and doubts about
the growing boy; his hopes for the boy to take care of him for the boy to take
over his work.

- The term baliwayway came from the isinay. Isinay is a group of people who
occupied northern luzon in the Pre-spanish period.

Ilongot Baliwayway Example

My son, now that you are still young, I compare you to a blooming flower, but
when you grow to be a big man, maybe you will be naughty youth; but though my
suspension are like that, I just bear them all.

Because, if you will grow, and have a long life, You shall take care of me when I
grow old, I am then urging you to sleep, so that I can go out to the field and work,
to plant; so we may have something to reap, to sustain our life; so that you will
grow easily. And if you will grow be a man, my son, you shall take my place on
the farm.

You shall climb the tall trees in my stead; cut the branches and the trunk, so that
we shall have some place to plant rice to sustain us, while we are still alive.

 DIMOLAT is a folktale derived from a practical joke.

- Fragment of hindu epics.

-Tales represent the Ilongot world perspective, value system, courage and
strength as manifested in physical exploits.
 LAJI (An Ivatan Folk Song) is the oldest traditional music of Ivatans in the
islands of Batanes. The laji are ancient lyrical songs that are supposed to be
sung when they are merry or just finished work. The other popular folk song
is the Kalusan which many are familiar to it. It is being sung during work. The
kanta is another folk song of the Ivatans.

Kalusan or working song is a song that is swiftly disappearing as a tradition

because it is barely preserved. It is a song sung in chorus by field workers, by
rowing boat men, or by men sawing lumber. The kulusan aims to have rhythmic
synchronization or unity in the movements of these workers. The content of this
song can be about farm work, about rowing or cutting wood and its rhythm
depends in the particular rhythmic demands of the work the song accompanies.

Un as kayaluhan English Translation

Solo: Yes, let us Hurry

Un as kayaluhan, kayaluhan Yes, let us hurry, let us hurry

Chorus: Yes, we pull the oars with rhythm.

 Un si payawari, paarinin so let it be

Solo: Yes, let it be by rowers like us

Un nuu akma diwiyaaten Yes, we pull the oars with rhythm

Solo: let us pull

Un as paayawa, paalangen Yes, the oars, your very oars now

Chorus:

Un si wayaauat, moonay

 UNONI “IBANAG” or PROVERBS are either in prose or poetry.

Awan tu umune ta uton ng ari umuluk ta davvun.

(Nobody goes up who does not come down)

The above is an advice to those who on reaching the peak of their

success look down, even insult and oppress the poor and the lowly.

Here is another one:

Mamatugu ka ta gayan nga manututu ta matam.

(You rear a crow that pecks your eyes.)

 It reflects the Ibanag’s abhorence and loathe against those who are ungrateful.
Ingratitude has caused feuds, violence and vendetta.

Mammula ka ta mapia, gataban nu noka.

( He who saws goodness, reaps and gratitude)

Among the many interpretations of the above proverbs. The most fitting today
addressed to Cagayano leaders “ Power, Authority, and Leadership. Among
borrowed privilege which cannot please everybody among the governed: since
that emanates from the people. While they are in power, they must use that
power rightly for the people.

Awat tu serbi na ru nga kukua, nu marake I pinangapangangua.

(Wealth is useless If character is worthless)

Ari ka maniguru ta sinaddad na kayu ta egga laman Y

minafun a kutu-kutu nga davvun.

(Trust not in the appearance of tree as one sound and healthy

for who knows if it is infested with very harmful pests)

Mas napia Y mattaddday anne ta mevulun ta marake nga

tolay

(It is better to be alone than to be with bad companion)

Maski attanang y balay nga ekku unekan sangaw nu amuluga
Siyempre tu mapaggukuba

(No matter how high you ascend sooner or later you will discend)

Awan tu serbi na aru nga kukua Nu marake y pangpangapan na

(Wealth is useless when you get it from a bad source.)

Sikaw kurug a maya kataw ta gabbayan na Ariamnu itun Ta

ammum tu aru y lalung

(If you really in love come and carry me in your arm Never leave me
alone for many crave for me to be their own)

‘‘Gaddang’’
Gaddang comes from the word ga meaning "heat" and dang meaning
"burned"; this likely alludes to the fact that the Gaddang are generally
darker of skin than other Cordillera peoples. Many Gaddang live in the
highlands of southeastern Kalinga-Apayao and eastern Bontok and
Isabela provinces.

The Legend of Magat River

Magat was a handsome and strong-willed youth who saved a lovely maiden bathing
in a stream from the clutches of a python. He proposed marriage to the woman, who
consented on a condition that Magat would swear not to see he at noon. One day,
Magat could no longer contain his curiosity and broke into his wife’s seclusion. In
place of his wife, he saw a crocodile who turned into his wife. “You broke your
promise,”lamented the woman. Having say this, she slowly turned once more into a
crocodile and died. After burying his crocodile wife in his front yard, Magat
drowned himself in the same stream where espied he. Over time, the stream grew
into the mighty Magat River. It widens and grows, it is said, because Magat once to
claim the remains of the wife he buried in the heart of the town.
 CAVITE
 Laguna
 Batangas
 RIZAL

 QUEZON
 THE LEGEND OF TAGALOG

In a certain wide region of Luzon,

there was a village frequented by young
men. The town was full of trees, beautiful
flowers and a river where clear waters
flowed. What attracted the young men more
than the scenery was a beautiful nymph- like
maiden.

The maiden was Maria and she had

lots of suitors who came from afar and who
fought for her hand. But Maria remained
unconcerned and very choosy. Because she
was kind, her suitors remained undaunted so
Maria thought of a plan. She called all the
men together and told them, "You are all
good and kind and it is difficult for me to
choose one among you. Let me decide with a
test. "I'll marry the first man who can bring
me a big, live and strong serpent,"

Maria said in jest.The young men were dumbfounded.

After a while, the voice of Ilog broke the
silence. "I promise to bring you one, Maria. Even if I
have to risk my like, I'll bring you what you
wish." Ilog was a man known for his bravery. He
left immediately to fulfill his promise.

The men whispered among themselves.They were sure that

Ilog would never be able to return. They waited for a
long while but Ilog had not returned. Even
Maria was saddened because she also grieved
the loss of a man as brave and accommodating as Ilog.

After many hours, Ilog returned.They crowded to see how Ilog

would prove his bravery. Ilog held a big snake by its nape and tail.
While the men
were thus occupied, two Spaniards passed
by. Their attention was caught not by what
Ilog held but by the beauty of Maria.

"Maria," heroically called Ilog. "I've brought

you the serpent you wished for. What else
do you want me to do to make you happy?"
The Spaniards were startled. They
asked the people around where they were
and in what place they were in but nobody
paid attention for their attention were
focused on the snake and on Maria. When
Maria saw that the snake was still
struggling, she shouted.
"Taga, Ilog! Taga, Ilog!" (Cut, Ilog! Cut,
Ilog!) which she addressed to Ilog so he
would
cut the snake up again.
The two Spaniards, thinking that this was in
answer to their question repeated the words
TAGAILOG, TAGAILOG which later
became TAGAL
The Legend of Maria Makiling

Long ago,in Mount Makiling,there lived a beautiful goddess name Mariang

Makiling. She is beautiful,kindhearted and loving. She had a long shiny black hair
and she often wear black pearls and gold jewelry. She often shows off herself to
people living at the foot of the mountain as a human. Many times,people would
climb up to the mountain and pick some fruits but when they came down,fruits
changed into gold. People thanked her for it.

But one day,some people robbed her jewelry. Some hunters climb up the mountain
and hunted for wild animals,cut down trees and left the forest at the top of the
mountain denuded. At that time,one of those hunters is a mortal which Mariang
Makiling fell in love with. She discovered that that hunter already have a mortal as
his wife. After those things happened,Mariang Makiling was very angry that it
thundered and rained hard that night and her voice was heard by all people leaving
at the foot of the mountain saying “I have provided you food,treasures and shelter
but it wasn’t enough for you!I have given you everything you want but still you
aren’t contented. I loved you more than myself but still you searched for mortal
love. Now,feel my anger! And wait for my revenge! From now on,you shall stand on
your own feet and you will never see me again. I swear!” And she laughed so hard
that it brought an earthquake.

After her large voice was heard, she never showed herself again to those mortals
who abused her kindness. Today,it is still believed that MAriang Makiling is still
living there.

SUMMARY OF NOLI ME TANGERE

Noli Me Tángerebegins at a dinner party hosted by Captain Don Santiago (Tiago),

a wealthy resident of Manila. Guests assembled at the party include other
members of the upper class as well as friars of both the Dominican and Franciscan
orders. During dinner, Don Crisóstomo Ibarra arrives—the party being his first
stop post-returning from Europe. He is there to visit his fiancée Maria clara,
Santiago’s daughter. However, the celebratory soon turns tense as one of the
friars, Father Damaso, becomes angry at Ibarra’s arrival. After the party, Ibarra
learns that his father, Don Rafael, died while in prison and Father Dámaso had his
corpse exhumed and removed from the Christian cemetery (i.e., dumped into a
river). The dramatic tension between Ibarra and Dámaso forms the central
conflict.

As Ibarra reacclimates himself to his homeland, he looks to apply his progressive

ideals to make life better for the citizens of San Diego. After meeting with a school
teacher, Ibarra’s first act is to build a school. While he gains support from the
local government, the religious order within the town views the project with
suspicion. They begin to see Ibarra as a threat to their power—with Dámaso in
particular seeing him as a rival who must be put in his place.

Ibarra and María-Clara’s relationship dates back to childhood. However, Dámaso

is the godfather of María-Clara and opposes the marriage. He wishes to drive the
two apart and eventually achieves. He arrives uninvited to a dinner party hosted
by Ibarra and dishonors the memory of his late father, which baits the latter into
retaliation. Ibarra physically attacks Dámaso, holding him at knife point and
threatening to kill him. María-Clara intervenes and prevents Ibarra from
completing the deed, but the damage is done. As punishment for the assault,
Ibarra is excommunicated and thus, the couple’s engagement is annulled.
The Captain General, the King’s representative in the Philippines, intercedes on
Ibarra’s behalf. Once again, Dámaso and his colleague Father Savi are disgruntled
and see the Captain General’s respect for Ibarra as a threat to their power. Salví’s
role in the novel becomes more prominent after this incident, as he works on a
scheme to take down Ibarra once and for all.

Ibarra befriends Elias, a fellow Filipino who is involved with a subversive group
planning an uprising. Because Elías is knowledgeable of the town’s underground,
he is able to warn Ibarra of the attempts to have him framed and killed. Their
friendship is unusual as they are not of the same class, but they have mutual
respect for each other—and this respect enables them to strengthen their alliance.

Through no fault of his own, Ibarra’s life is turned upside down by the same forces
that claimed the life of his father. As the novel comes to a close, the progress that
Ibarra advocated for is put on hold. However, Dámaso suffers a private defeat as
María-Clara holds a secret against him, one that would destroy his reputation in
town. Dámaso is eventually moved out of San Diego and with him out of the way,
the possibility of reform is made more possible than ever.

SUMMARY: EL FILIBUSTERISMO

During the period in between the story line of Noli Me Tangere and El
Filibusterismo which is 13 years, Ibarra left the Philippines and became a wealthy
jeweler. He came back to the Philippines as Senor Simoun, disguised with a
beard. He seems to have long abandoned his once vision of ending the despotism
of Spain with words and peace. He becomes hungry for vengeance for all the
misfortune our country has suffered under the tyranny of the Spaniards . And
near the end of the novel, when he discovers that his lover, Maria Clara, died in
the convent, he becomes all the more furious. Simoun is a confidant of the
Captain-General. He encourages the government to make bad decisions and to
abuse their power so that it would spark a revolution among the masses. Basilio,
now all grown up, is at first reluctant to join in on Simoun’s idea but ends up
being part of the plan. Simoun started planning uprisings and stashed guns in the
shop of an ally. At the wedding reception of newlyweds (the bride being the ex-
girlfriend of one of the friends of Basillo—Isagani), Simoun tells Basilio that his
plan was to conceal an explosive which contains nitroglycerin inside a
pomegranate-styled Kerosene lamp that Simoun will give to the newlyweds as a
gift during the wedding reception. The reception will take place at the former
home of the late Captain Tiago, which was now filled with explosives planted by
Simoun. According to Simoun, the lamp will stay lighted for only 20 minutes
before it flickers; if someone attempts to turn the wick, it will explode and kill
everyone—important members of civil society and the Church hierarchy—inside
the house. Simoun leaves the reception early and leaves a note with the words:
“Mene Thecel Phares” which means “the future is predetermined” and is
generally implied that a bad event is going to happen. Simoun signed it with his
real name “Juan Crisostomo Ibarra”. The people at the reception were shocked
because Ibarra is supposedly dead. One of the priests who knew Ibarra before the
ending of Noli Me Tangere confirmed to the people that it was the writing of
Ibarra. The lamp started to dim… Outside the house, Basilio was about to walk
away because he knew the lamp was going to explode anytime soon when he saw
Isagani, the still heart-broken ex-boyfriend of the bride whose reception was still
going on in the house of Capitan Tiago. Isagani said that he just wanted to
congratulate the newly-weds. Basilio who then feared for the safety of his friend
told him about the plan of Simoun. Isagani ran to the house. A priest was about to
fix the lamp but once Isagani got in, he found the lamp and threw it out the
window into the river outside the residence. Since the guards were chasing
Isagani, he himself jumped out of the window into the river as well. There was an
uprising planned by Simoun during the time of the reception. The band got
caught and confessed that Simoun lead them. Ibarra was now wanted both as
himself and as Simoun. Days passed and a good priest found Simoun walking
along the shore, wounded and weak. The noble priest tended to Simoun while the
latter explained that he is Ibarra and that he was greatly saddened and angry due
to the failure of the revolution and that he was questioning God as to why he was
the one who is suffering and not the ones who have forsaken the people of the
Philippines. The priest explains that all punishments will come in due time. Ibarra
died as he weakly held the hand of the priest. The latter blessed the former and
threw away all the remaining jewels of Ibarra in the hopes that they may always
be used for good.

KUNDIMAN

Tunay ngayong umid yaring dila't puso

Sinta'y umiilag, tuwa'y lumalayo,
Bayan palibhasa'y lupig at sumuko
Sa kapabayaan ng nagturong puno.

Datapuwa't muling sisikat ang araw,

Pilit maliligtas ang inaping bayan,
Magbabalik mandin at muling iiral
Ang ngalang Tagalog sa sandaigdigan.
 Ibubuhos namin ang dugo't babaha
Matubos nga lamang ang sa amang lupa
Habang di ninilang panahong tadhana,
Sinta'y tatahimik, iidlip ang nasa.

Region IV-B: MIMAROPA

 Is an administrative region of the Philippines. It is one of two regions of the

Philippines having no land border with another region, Eastern Visayan being
the other.
 Is located at the heart of archipelago and is dubbed as the “The Treasure
Trove of Southern Luzon”

 Mimaropa is envisioned as the food basket of the country and a haven for
tourism, industry, and technology.

- One of the most notable literary works from Region 4B is "Hinilawod," an

epic poem from the Sulod people of Panay Island. This epic tells the story of
three brothers who embark on a quest to win the hand of the beautiful
Nagmalitong Yawa. Along the way, they encounter mythical creatures and
overcome various obstacles.

Hinilawod Summary

The epic begins with the creation of the universe and the birth of the
demigod brothers Labaw Donggon, Humadapnon, and Dumalapdap.
Their mother is the goddess of the Eastern Sky and their father is a
mortal king. The three brothers embark on a journey to find wives from
different realms.

Labaw Donggon, the strongest of the brothers, travels to the land of the
goddess of the Western Ocean, where he fights and defeats the giant
Saragnayan. As a reward, he marries the beautiful Angoy Ginbitinan,
the daughter of the goddess.

Humadapnon, the wisest of the brothers, goes to the land of the Western
Sky and meets the goddess of the Western Sky. He impresses her with
his wisdom and poetry, and they marry.

Dumalapdap, the youngest of the brothers, falls in love with the mortal
woman Abyang Alunsina. He goes to her village and asks for her hand
in marriage, but her father refuses. To win her hand, Dumalapdap goes
through a series of trials, including defeating the giant man-eating bird,
Tandayag.

As the brothers settle into their marriages, they receive news that a
monstrous creature called the Bakunawa is causing chaos and
destruction in their lands. The brothers unite and, with the help of their
wives, set out to defeat the Bakunawa. After a fierce battle, they
successfully slay the creature and restore peace to their lands.

Throughout the epic, there are themes of love, loyalty, bravery, and
honor. Hinilawod is a rich tapestry of myth and legend that remains an

important part of Philippine cultural heritage.

-Another prominent literary work from the region is "Kudaman," a
Tagbanua epic from Palawan. This epic tells the story of a young warrior
named Kudaman who fights against the Spaniards to defend his people and
their land. The epic is known for its vivid descriptions of Palawan's natural
environment and the traditional way of life of the Tagbanua people.

Kudaman is a Tagbanua epic from the island of Palawan in the Philippines. It

tells the story of the legendary hero Kudaman and his adventures in the land of
the Tagbanua.

According to the epic, Kudaman was born to a couple who were childless for a
long time. He was a gifted child, and he grew up to be a skilled hunter and
warrior. He became known for his courage and strength, and he was respected by
his people.

One day, Kudaman went on a hunting trip with his friends, but they were
attacked by a group of fierce warriors. Kudaman fought bravely, but he was
outnumbered and captured. He was taken to the enemy's village, where he was
tied to a tree and left to die.

Kudaman managed to free himself and escape from the village. He wandered
through the jungle, and he came across a beautiful woman named Luyong.
Luyong was a spirit who lived in the jungle, and she fell in love with Kudaman.
They married and had children, and Kudaman became a great leader of his
people.

Kudaman faced many challenges during his reign as a leader, including battles
with neighboring tribes and conflicts with powerful spirits. He always remained
brave and steadfast, and he was eventually able to bring peace to his land.

CHILDRENS LITERATURE

Preschool and Kindergarten- Ages 3,4 and 5

Characteristics Implications
Rapid development of languages Interest in words,enjoyment of
rhymes,nonsense, and repitition and
cumulative tales. Enjoys retelling
simple folktale and “reading” stories
from books without words.

Very active, short attention span Reqyuires books that can be

completed in one sitting. Enjoys
participation such naming, pointing,
singing, and identifying hidden
pictures. Should have chance to hear
stories several times each day.

Child is center of own world. Interest, Likes characters that are easy to
behavior,and thinking are egocentric. Identify with. Normally sees only one
point of view.

Curious about own world. Enjoys stories about everyday

experiences, pets, playthings, home,
people in the immediate
environment.

Beginning interest in how things work Books feed curiousity and introduce

and the wider world. new topics.

Building concepts through many Books extend and reinforce child’s

first hand experience developing concepts
Has little sensen of time. Time is Books can help children begin to
“before now,” and “not yet.” understand the sequences of time

Learns through imagination play; Enjoys stories involve imaginative

play. make believe world talking animals Likes personification of toys
and and magic seems very real. animals.

Seeks warmth and security in Likes to hear stories that provide

relationship with familly and others reassurance.Bedtime stories and
other read-aloud rituals provide
positive literature experiences.

When Peter wakes up, he looks friend.

out his window to discover that it
has snowed. Snow covers
everything as far as he can see,
so after breakfast he puts on his
snowsuit and heads out to
explore. Peter spends time
crunching through the snow,
making tracks, watching a
snowball fight, exploring his
neighborhood, and playing in the
snow. At the end of the day, he
tells his mother about his
The Snowy Day, a 1963 Caldecott Medal
adventures. Then he has a hot
winner, is the simple tale of a boy waking up
bath, goes to sleep, and wakes up to discover that snow has fallen during the
the next day ready to have more night. Keats's illustrations, using cut-outs,

fun in the snow—this time with a watercolors, and collage, are strikingly
beautiful in their understated color and draped city with a day of humble
composition. The tranquil story mirrors the adventures--experimenting with footprints,
calm presence of the paintings, and both knocking snow from a tree, creating snow
exude the silence of a freshly snow-covered angels, and trying to save a snowball for the
landscape. The little boy celebrates the snow- next day.

The Wheels on the Bus Go Round and Round

The wheels on the bus go round and round

Round and round, round and round
The wheels on the bus go round and round
All through the town
 The wipers on the bus go “Swish, swish, swish,
Swish, swish, swish, swish, swish, swish”
The wipers on the bus go “Swish, swish, swish”
All through the town.

The people on the bus go, “chat, chat, chat,

cha,,chat chat,chat chat ,chat
The people on the bus go, “, chat,chat,chat
All through the town.

The horn on the bus go “Beep, beep, beep

Beep, beep, beep, beep, beep, beep”
The horn on the bus go “Beep, beep, beep”
All through the town.

The baby on the bus go, “wah, wah, wah!

wah, wah, wah, wah, wah, wah!”
The baby on the bus go, “wah, wah, wah!”
All through the town.

The mummy on the bus go, “ssss sh,ssss sh,ssss sh,

“”ssss sh,ssss sh,ssss sh
The mummy on the bus go, “”ssss sh,ssss sh,ssss sh”
All through the town.

The wheels on the bus go round and round

Round and round, round and round
The wheels on the bus go round and round
All through the town.
 Cow Boy Baby

By: Sue heap

This book is about a child that want to go find his friends Texas Ted,
Denver Dog, and Hank the Horse. He dad wants him to go to bed but he can
not go without his friends. Cowboy baby got dressed up and then went to
go search for them. He found them extremely quick but he did not want to
go to bed yet. Cowboy baby and his friends decided to hide so that they
would not have to go home. They hide behind the tall grass then ran behind
a cactus. He father looked and looked but could not find him anywhere. He
decided to offer him a deal. He said if you come out I will have a surprise
for you. Cowboy baby jumped into his dad arms with his friends then took
out his rope. Is he really going to give them a surprise or is he going to tie
them up and take them home?

This is an entertaining story that shows how much imagination kids have. I
feel like you have to read this book with a western cowboy voice because
everyone is in cowboy outfits. They are also in a cowboy type environment
with cactuses and dirt everywhere. The beginning reminds me of Toys
Story because there are a bunch of toys hiding behind cactuses like they
are alive on the front cover page. I thought it was interesting that his dad
put on a cowboy costume too just for his son. This story teaches children
that anything can be fun with a little imagination. It also teaches children
that if they loose something they can go look for it instead of going to bed.
I feel like in a lot of children books they have a good lesson and a bad
lesson also, but if the parent explains it then they should be fine. Children
never really understand the bad lesson anyway and if they do they parents
will usually explain to them why it is bad. I also thought it was a little
strange that the father lost his son in the desert. I guess every parent loses
their child every once in a while.

The illustrations where very good and a few of the pages reminded me of
Toys Story. The animals seem to change size on one page when they are
by themselves. I also thing that they have a farm or something because
there are baby chicks near Texas Ted when he is found. The illustrator also
shows the change in time through the sky. The sky goes from blue to a
sunset color to a dark star lit night.I also noticed that there where other
toys hiding behind the cactuses on the cover. That makes me wonder if he
leaves other toys outside or if he only really cares about his favorite ones.
On the very last page of the book the horse is looking out the window as if
he misses somebody or something. Maybe he just like to be free in the wild
like all of the real horses. This book is a great book to read to your child. I
think it will show them how imagination can make normal things fun.
 MY
PORTFOLIO

IN
PHILIPPINE
LITERATURE
Submitted by: Junnalyn Quiber Fruto
Submitted to: Ma’am Maria Nancy Milleza