Professional Documents
Culture Documents
2ND Sem Midterms Reviewer
2ND Sem Midterms Reviewer
MODULE ONE: WESTERN PHILOSOPHICAL PERSPECTIVE Plato and Aristotle's perspectives on the self
diverge notably, with Plato emphasizing the
1.0 Exploring Ancient Greek Ideas about soul's immortality and its transcendence over
the Self: Plato and Aristotle's the body, while Aristotle integrated the soul into
Perspectives
the body's structure. Nevertheless, both
philosophers profoundly influenced
● Introduction: subsequent philosophical inquiries into
personal identity, consciousness, and human
Ancient Greek thinkers pondered deeply about fulfillment.
the nature of the self, asking fundamental
questions like its essence, immortality, and
relation to the body and soul. Plato and 1.4 CONCLUSION
Aristotle, two prominent philosophers, offer The ancient Greek philosophers Plato and
distinct views on this matter, shaping Aristotle offered compelling insights into the
subsequent philosophical debates. nature of the self, diverging on key aspects yet
laying the groundwork for ongoing
● Key info / terminology: philosophical explorations. Their ideas
- Plato's Theory of Forms: Plato posited continue to resonate in contemporary
that the self is identified with the soul, discussions about the essence and
which is immortal and capable of significance of the self in human existence.
knowing eternal Forms.
Aristotle's Hylomorphism: Aristotle
viewed the human soul as the form of
2.0 Exploring Medieval Christian
Perspectives on the Self: Insights
the body, emphasizing the integration from St. Augustine and St. Thomas
of rational and material aspects in the Aquinas
self.
● Introduction:
1.1 PLATO’S PERSPECTIVE During the Middle Ages, Western European
philosophy was deeply influenced by Christian
Plato delved into the self through his theory of
theology, as exemplified by the works of St.
Forms, positing that the soul, not the body,
Augustine and St. Thomas Aquinas. Their
defines the essence of the self. He believed the
understanding of the self was shaped by
soul to be immortal and rational, capable of
Christian beliefs, integrating elements from
apprehending eternal Forms. Plato argued for
Greek philosophy, particularly Plato and
the soul's immortality using the 'affinity
Aristotle.
argument,' likening it to timeless, indivisible
Forms. He also proposed that learning is
● Key info / terminology:
recollection, suggesting the soul's
- Augustine's Dualism: Augustine saw
preexistence and inherent knowledge.
the self as composed of both body
and soul, with the soul being immortal
1.2 ARISTOTLE’S OUTLOOK and capable of knowing God.
Aquinas's Holistic View: Aquinas
Contrary to Plato, Aristotle viewed the soul not viewed the human soul as an
as a separate entity but as the form of the body. integrated principle of life, responsible
He identified different levels of the soul, for rationality and spiritual capacities.
including the rational soul unique to humans.
Aristotle disagreed with Plato's dualism, seeing
the soul and body as inseparable aspects of a 2.1 ST. AUGUSTINE’S VIEW
living being. He emphasized the individual's St. Augustine's philosophy of the self merged
unique nature and potentialities, guided by Greek and Christian thought, emphasizing the
telos, or purpose, towards eudaimonia, or soul's immateriality and rationality. He
happiness. regarded the soul as distinct from the body, yet
interconnected, viewing the body as a vessel
1.3 COMPARISON AND INFLUENCE for the soul's experiences. Augustine believed
that human souls, created by God, possess
rationality and the capacity to know and love Philosophers of this era explored the nature of
Him. He stressed the soul's journey towards the self, offering diverse perspectives on its
God, emphasizing inner exploration as a path essence and relationship to the mind and
to eternal truth and connection with others. body.
challenged Locke's views, arguing against the existentialist thinkers, including Sartre and
existence of a continuous and enduring self. Kierkegaard, highlight the dynamic nature of
He proposed the "bundle theory," depicting the the self, emphasizing individual freedom,
self as a collection of changing impressions responsibility, and authenticity.
and ideas without underlying substance.
Hume's skepticism questioned traditional ● Key info / terminology:
notions of selfhood, highlighting the transient - Sartre's Subjectivity and Freedom:
nature of human experience. Sartre emphasized individual
consciousness and freedom, with the
self defined by subjective experience
3.4 KANT’S UNDERSTANDING and choice.
Immanuel Kant, influenced by Hume's ideas, - Kierkegaard's Self-Acceptance and
proposed a nuanced perspective on the self, Responsibility: Kierkegaard stressed
emphasizing the unity of apperception. He the importance of self-acceptance
agreed that empirical evidence alone cannot alongside self-creation, highlighting
prove the existence of a substantial self but responsibility and authenticity.
introduced the concept of the "I think" as a
unifying principle in conscious experience.
4.1 SARTRE’S VIEW
Kant's theory reconciled empirical observation
with the necessity of a coherent self-concept, Jean-Paul Sartre, an atheistic existentialist,
offering a middle ground between rationalism centers his philosophy on individual
and empiricism. consciousness as the basis for truth and
dignity. He portrays the self as inherently
subjective, marked by freedom and
3.5 COMPARISON AND INFLUENCE responsibility. According to Sartre, individuals
Enlightenment philosophers offered diverse define their existence through choices and
perspectives on the nature of the self, ranging actions, creating their own meaning and
from Descartes' dualism to Hume's skepticism purpose in life. The self, solitary yet
and Kant's synthesis of rationalism and inter-subjective, navigates between subjective
empiricism. These ideas continue to influence experience and recognition of others' influence
modern discussions in psychology and on identity.
neuroscience, shaping our understanding of
personal identity and consciousness.
4.2 KIERKEGAARD’S PERSPECTIVE
Søren Kierkegaard, a religious existentialist,
3.6 CONCLUSION introduces the concept of self-acceptance
The Enlightenment period witnessed a rich alongside self-creation. He emphasizes the
exploration of the self by philosophers such as influence of external factors on the self,
Descartes, Locke, Hume, and Kant. Their proposing three "existence-spheres": the
diverse perspectives challenged traditional aesthetic, ethical, and religious. Kierkegaard
views and laid the foundation for modern argues for authentic self-choice, advocating
debates on personal identity and recognition of one's limitations and
consciousness. By examining reason, responsibility for shaping one's identity.
experience, and perception, these thinkers Authenticity, aligning with personal values and
advanced our understanding of the complex purpose, distinguishes the self in
nature of the self in human existence. existentialism.
4.0 Exploring Existentialist Perspectives
on the Self: Insights from Sartre and 4.3 COMPARISON AND INFLUENCE
Kierkegaard
Existentialism presents diverse views on the
self, with Sartre focusing on individual
● Introduction:
freedom and subjectivity, while Kierkegaard
Existentialism, a philosophical movement
emphasizes self-acceptance and responsibility
arising in the mid-1900s, addresses the human
within external influences. Both thinkers
condition amidst challenges like death,
underscore the dynamic nature of the self,
freedom, and meaninglessness. Key
constantly changing and devoid of a liberation from suffering and the realization of
fixed essence. authentic happiness.
- Anicca (Impermanence): Everything in ● Anatta encourages individuals to cultivate
existence is subject to change and mindfulness, compassion, and
flux, with nothing enduring non-attachment, fostering inner peace and
permanently. This impermanence spiritual growth.
extends to both physical and mental
phenomena, highlighting the transient
nature of existence.
2.4 CONCLUSION
- Dukkha (Suffering): Suffering is an The concept of Anatta in Buddhism challenges
inherent aspect of existence, arising conventional notions of selfhood, offering a
from attachment, craving, and profound understanding of existence and
resistance to impermanence. It suffering. By recognizing the transient and
encompasses physical, mental, and interconnected nature of the self, practitioners
emotional distress, rooted in the can embark on a transformative journey
inability to find lasting happiness or towards liberation and enlightenment,
peace. ultimately attaining authentic happiness and
inner peace.
2.1 BUDDHIST TEACHINGS
3.0 DAOISM: THE SELF AS A PART OF
● Four Noble Truths: Suffering exists, has a NATURE
cause (craving), can end, and there is a way to
end it (the Eightfold Path).
● Eightfold Path: Consists of right view, intention, ● Introduction:
speech, action, livelihood, effort, mindfulness, Daoism, also spelled Taoism, is a
and concentration, offering a guide to attain philosophical and religious tradition that
nirvana and end suffering. originated in China around the 4th century BCE.
● Cycle of Rebirth: Liberation from suffering It is often linked to the legendary figure of
involves transcending the cycle of birth, life, Laozi, but its philosophical origins are more
death, and rebirth, aiming for authentic influenced by Zhuangzi (4th century BCE).
happiness and enlightenment. Daoism encompasses a variety of doctrines
● Common Teachings: Buddhism shares that share a reverence for the Dao, the
common teachings with Hinduism, including mysterious and ineffable source of all being.
karma, rebirth, non-violence, meditation, Daoism emphasizes simplicity, spontaneity,
impermanence, morality, and liberation. and non-action (wu-wei), and it has had a
profound influence on Chinese culture and
thought.
2.2 UNDERSTANDING ANATTA
Anatta challenges the notion of a fixed and ● Key info / terminology:
independent self, emphasizing the transient - Dao: The Dao is the ultimate reality or
and interconnected nature of existence. the way of harmony and balance in
Daoist philosophy. It is ineffable and
By realizing the truth of no-self, individuals can formless, yet can be apprehended
overcome attachment, ignorance, and through intuition and practice.
suffering, leading to liberation from the cycle - Self and Nature: In Daoism, the self is
of rebirths. not separate from nature but is an
integral part of it. The ultimate goal is
to align oneself with the Dao, living in
2.3 IMPLICATIONS harmony with the natural order.
- Principles and Practices: Daoism
● The concept of Anatta offers insights into the
emphasizes simplicity, virtue
nature of existence, highlighting the
cultivation, spontaneity, and inner
impermanence and interdependence of all
tranquility as essential aspects of
phenomena.
aligning with the Dao.
● Understanding Anatta is integral to the
Buddhist path, guiding practitioners towards
● Introduction:
Confucianism is a philosophical and ethical
A. Individual Self
B. Relational Self
2.2 CONCLUSION
C. Collective Self Exploring diverse perspectives on the self
enriches our understanding of human nature
3. Me-Self Layers: and psychological functioning. From William
A. Material Self James' distinctions to Bandura's emphasis on
B. Social Self self-efficacy, each framework offers valuable
C. Spiritual Self insights into the complexities of identity,
behavior, and well-being. By integrating these
4. Real and Ideal Self: Carl Rogers highlighted perspectives, researchers and practitioners
the congruence between the real self and ideal can develop more comprehensive approaches
self, influencing psychological well-being. to fostering personal growth, authenticity, and
psychological flourishing.
5. Actualizing Tendency: Rogers emphasized the
innate drive toward self-fulfillment and growth.
2.0 DIFFERENT PSYCHOLOGICAL
THEORIES OF DEVELOPMENT
6. Self-Actualization: Infants develop a basic
self-concept, evolving toward self-actualization
through congruence between real and ideal ● Key info / terminology:
selves. 1. Psychoanalytic Theory (Freud): Focuses on
unconscious urges, societal pressures, and the
7. Multiple vs. Unified Self: Theorists debate ego's role in personality.
whether the mind consists of multiple selves A. Levels of Mental Life: Unconscious,
(e.g., Klein) or a unified self (e.g., Maslow). preconscious, conscious.
B. Provinces of the Mind: Id (pleasure
8. True vs. False Self: Winnicott proposed the principle), ego (reality principle),
true self (authentic) and false self (defensive superego (moral principles).
façade) concepts. C. Psychosexual Development: Oral, anal,
phallic, latency, genital stages.
9. Proactive and Agentic Self: Bandura's social 2. Psychosocial Development (Erikson):
cognitive theory highlights self-efficacy, Emphasizes conflicts in stages of
self-regulation, and moral agency. development and their impact on personality.
A. Trust vs. mistrust, autonomy vs.
shame and doubt, initiative vs. guilt,
2.1 IMPLICATIONS industry vs. inferiority, identity vs. role
- Understanding the self's complexity enhances confusion, intimacy vs. isolation,
psychological insights and therapeutic generativity vs. stagnation, integrity vs.
approaches. despair.
3. Cognitive Development (Piaget): Focuses on
- Congruence between the real and ideal self stages of cognitive functioning from infancy to
promotes well-being and personal growth. adulthood.
A. Sensorimotor, preoperational, concrete
- Recognizing the influence of multiple selves or operational, formal operational stages.
a unified self informs self-awareness and 4. Moral Development (Kohlberg): Explores
behavior regulation. levels of moral reasoning and
decision-making.
- Distinguishing between true and false selves A. Preconventional morality, conventional
aids in addressing authenticity and emotional morality, postconventional morality.
well-being.
2.1 IMPLICATIONS
- Embracing the proactive and agentic self
fosters self-efficacy, self-regulation, and moral - Understanding Freudian psychoanalysis
agency. provides insights into unconscious
motivations and personality dynamics.
- Erikson's psychosocial stages highlight the
importance of resolving conflicts at each
mission in their daily lives, both inside and institutions, and a commitment to contributing
outside the classroom. to its development and welfare.
- Active Engagement: The Lasallian tradition - Passion for Excellence: DLSU-D graduates
calls for active engagement in the world, should strive for excellence in all aspects of
seeking opportunities to serve others and their lives. They should exhibit dedication,
make a positive impact on society. perseverance, and a commitment to
- Community Involvement: Lasallians are part of continuous improvement, aiming for the
a larger community committed to serving the highest standards of achievement.
needs of children, youth, and adults, especially
those facing social challenges.
3.1 IMPLICATIONS
- Integration into Curriculum: DLSU-D should
2.2 CONCLUSION
ensure that these graduate attributes are
Understanding and embodying the values of integrated into the curriculum and learning
faith, service, and communion in mission are experiences of students across all disciplines.
central to the Lasallian identity. By living out - Professional Development: Students should be
these values, students can contribute to provided with opportunities for professional
creating a more just and compassionate development and skill-building activities that
society, in line with the teachings of St. John foster the development of these attributes.
Baptist de La Salle. - Assessment and Evaluation: DLSU-D should
establish mechanisms for assessing and
3.0 EXPECTED LASALLIAN GRADUATE evaluating the attainment of these graduate
ATTRIBUTES (ELGA) attributes, both during students' academic
journey and upon graduation.
● Introduction:
This module explores the five Lasallian 3.2 CONCLUSION
graduate attributes expected of students upon
graduating from De La Salle University - The five Lasallian graduate attributes outlined
Dasmariñas (DLSU-D). These attributes by DLSU-D provide a comprehensive
encompass qualities, skills, and framework for guiding students' personal and
understandings essential for success in both professional development. By embodying
professional and civic life. these attributes, graduates can make
meaningful contributions to their professions
and communities, reflecting the values and
● Key info / terminology:
mission of the university.
- Innovators: DLSU-D graduates are expected to
demonstrate creativity, critical thinking, and
problem-solving skills. They should be able to 4.0 SUMMARY
adapt to new situations, generate innovative
ideas, and contribute positively to their fields. ● Introduction:
- Humane and Christian: Graduates should This module delves into the life of St. John
embody compassion, empathy, and ethical Baptist de la Salle, the founder of the Brothers
behavior in their interactions with others. of the Christian Schools and Lasallian
Rooted in Christian values, they should educational institutions. It highlights the
demonstrate integrity, respect, and a emphasis on service for the poor through
commitment to serving others. education, which was the driving force behind
- Inclusive and Responsive Life-long Learners: De La Salle's founding of the Brothers.
DLSU-D aims to produce graduates who value
diversity, embrace inclusivity, and are ● Key info / terminology:
committed to lifelong learning. They should be - St. John Baptist de la Salle: Born into a
open-minded, adaptable, and willing to engage wealthy family, De La Salle dedicated his life to
with diverse perspectives. serving the poor through education. He
- Patriotic: Graduates are encouraged to have a founded the Brothers of the Christian Schools
strong sense of national identity and civic and established a network of schools to
responsibility. They should demonstrate pride provide education to children from
in their country, respect for its laws and disadvantaged backgrounds.
- Core Values: The spirit of faith, zeal for MODULE 5.1: PHYSICAL SELF
service, and communion in mission are the
core values of the Lasallian mission. These 1.0 BEAUTY AND ITS IMPORTANCE
values are interconnected and essential for
embodying the Lasallian identity. ● Introduction:
- Graduate Attributes: The Filipino Lasallian This module explores the concept of beauty
identity is reflected in five graduate attributes: and its significance in society. It covers
being Innovators, Humane and Christian, various aspects, including the psychological,
Inclusive and Responsive Lifelong Learners, societal, and evolutionary factors that
Patriotic, and exhibiting Passion for influence perceptions of beauty. Additionally, it
Excellence. These attributes emphasize the discusses the implications of beauty
importance of innovation, compassion, standards on individuals' mental and
inclusivity, patriotism, and striving for emotional well-being.
excellence.
- Preferential Option for the Poor: Central to the ● Key info / terminology:
Lasallian mission is a preferential option for 1. Psychological Factors: People's perceptions of
the poor, which guides all actions and their bodies are influenced by psychological
decisions. This commitment to serving the factors such as self-esteem and mental
marginalized and disadvantaged is integral to disorders like anorexia nervosa, which distort
the Lasallian identity. body image. Societal factors, including
historical beauty ideals, also play a role in
4.1 IMPLICATIONS shaping perceptions of beauty.
2. Evolutionary Perspective: Beauty is
- Living the Lasallian Identity: Students are considered universal and evolved as an
encouraged to embody the Lasallian identity adaptation to help species survive. Features
by actively engaging with the core values and such as clean skin, symmetrical faces, and
graduate attributes in their daily lives. This indicators of health and fertility are universally
includes promoting social justice, fostering considered attractive.
inclusivity, and striving for excellence in all 3. Female Beauty: Female beauty is associated
endeavors. with features indicating youth and fertility,
- Community Engagement: DLSU-D should such as high cheekbones and large eyes.
provide opportunities for students to engage in Cultural influences, such as the use of eye
community service and outreach programs drops in the past and "big eye contacts" today,
that align with the Lasallian mission. This also impact perceptions of beauty.
allows students to apply their knowledge and 4. Male Beauty: Male beauty is influenced by
skills in service to others. factors such as testosterone levels and facial
- Integration into Curriculum: The core values features indicating masculinity. Preferences
and graduate attributes should be integrated for certain facial features may vary depending
into the curriculum to ensure that students on factors like ovulation and resource
develop a holistic understanding of their availability.
Lasallian identity and are prepared to 5. Cultural Standards: Beauty standards vary
contribute positively to society. across cultures, with different ideals of
attractiveness and practices such as
4.2 CONCLUSION scarification and body modification being
considered attractive in some cultures.
Understanding the Filipino Lasallian identity 6. Impact of Beauty Standards: Unrealistic
involves embracing the core values of faith, beauty standards can lead to low self-esteem,
service, and mission, as exemplified by St. negative body image, eating disorders, stress,
John Baptist de la Salle. By embodying these and anxiety. Anorexia nervosa is cited as an
values and graduate attributes, students can example of how beauty standards can have
make meaningful contributions to their severe consequences on individuals' health
communities and fulfill their roles as Lasallian and well-being.
graduates.
1.1 IMPLICATIONS
MODULE 1: INTRODUCTION TO MARKETING, ETHICS AND SOCIAL comprehensive approach to reach and engage
RESPONSIBILITY customers effectively.
- Customer-Centric Focus: Emphasizing
1.0 INTRODUCTION TO MARKETING customer needs and preferences guides
marketing strategies, leading to better
● Introduction: alignment between offerings and consumer
Marketing encompasses a wide range of expectations.
activities and strategies that influence - Communication and Trust: Effective
consumer behavior and purchasing decisions. communication and trust-building are
Contrary to common misconceptions, fundamental to successful marketing,
marketing is not solely about advertising or fostering long-term relationships and brand
promoting products; it involves understanding loyalty.
customer needs, building relationships, and
communicating value effectively. This module
1.2 CONCLUSION
provides insights into the true essence of
marketing and dispels common myths Marketing is a dynamic and multifaceted
associated with it. discipline that goes beyond mere advertising
and promotion. It involves understanding
● Key info / terminology: customer needs, building relationships, and
1. Misconceptions about Marketing: communicating value effectively. By dispelling
A. Myth 1: Marketing is evil. common myths and embracing the essence of
B. Myth 2: Marketing is only advertising. marketing, individuals and businesses can
C. Myth 3: Marketing is expensive and develop strategies to engage customers and
exclusive to big companies. drive success in the marketplace.
2. Defining Marketing:
A. Marketing is the process of aligning 2.0 MARKETING DEFINED
offerings with customer needs and
communicating value to them.
● Introduction:
B. Marketing involves creating and
Marketing is a multifaceted process that
maintaining customer relationships
involves creating, communicating, delivering,
through effective communication and
and exchanging offerings of value to
trust-building.
customers. This course explores the role of
3. Elements of Marketing:
marketing in businesses and other
A. Marketing encompasses various
organizations, emphasizing its significance in
aspects beyond advertising, including
identifying, satisfying, and retaining
customer service, distribution, and
customers. Through the art of exchange,
communication.
marketing facilitates transactions that benefit
B. Any interaction with customers,
both parties and creates value for customers
whether through advertising or
by addressing their needs and preferences.
customer support, constitutes
marketing.
4. The Essence of Marketing: ● Key info / terminology:
A. The core of marketing lies in 1. Definition of Marketing:
understanding customer needs and A. Marketing encompasses activities
providing valuable solutions. aimed at creating, communicating,
B. Building trust and genuine delivering, and exchanging offerings
relationships with customers is that have value for customers.
essential for successful marketing. B. It plays a crucial role in businesses
and other organizations by identifying,
satisfying, and retaining customers.
1.1 IMPLICATIONS 2. The Art of Exchange:
A. The exchange process involves
- Holistic Approach: Understanding the
customers, products, providers, and
multifaceted nature of marketing enables
transactions, where both parties seek
individuals and businesses to adopt a
to maximize rewards and minimize
costs.
● Introduction:
This module explores the importance of ethics 4.2 CONCLUSION
and social responsibility in decision-making,
Ethics and social responsibility are integral to
emphasizing their impact on business
business success, both from a moral
outcomes. It highlights the moral imperative of
perspective and a strategic standpoint. By
acting ethically while also underscoring the
understanding the implications of ethical
positive correlation between ethical behavior
behavior on organizational outcomes, learners
and business success. Through real-world
gain a deeper appreciation for the role of
examples, learners gain insights into the
ethics in decision-making and corporate
consequences of ethical and unethical
governance.
conduct in the corporate world.
5.2 CONCLUSION
Communicating the value proposition
effectively is crucial for attracting and
persuading potential customers in a
competitive marketplace. By crafting clear,
compelling, and differentiating value
propositions, marketers can effectively convey
the unique benefits of their offering and
motivate buyers to take action. This module
equips learners with essential strategies for
creating impactful value propositions that
resonate with target customers and drive
business succes
BATAS RIZAL RA 1425: ANG BATAS RIZAL - Sa layuning ito, kanyang isinulong ang
sapilitang pag-aaral sa buhay at mga sinulat ni
1.0 RA 1425: BATAS RIZAL
Dr. Jose Rizal sa mga magaaral ng kolehiyo.
● AN ACT TO INCLUDE IN THE CURRICULA OF "...the reading of Rizal's novels would strengthen the
ALL PUBLIC AND PRIVATE SCHOOLS, Filipinism of the youth and foster patriotism". - C. M.
COLLEGES AND UNIVERSITIES COURSES ON Recto
THE LIFE, WORKS AND WRITINGS OF JOSE
RIZAL, PARTICULARLY HIS NOVELS NOLI ME "We, too, can prosper, as other nations which have
TANGERE AND EL FILIBUSTERISMO become free and have known how to rely on
AUTHORIZING THE PRINTING AND themselves with dignity and self-respect have
DISTRIBUTION THEREOF AND FOR OTHER prospered. Our people deserve a better fate, a destiny
PURPOSES realized in happiness and freedom..." - C. M. Recto
● Pagbabalik Tanaw
2.2 JOSE P. LAUREL
a. Sa bisa ng R. A. 1425 (Batas Rizal),
mahigit 67 taon nang kinukuha ng - Inihapag sa Senado ni Sen. Jose P. Laurel ang
mga mag-aaral sa kolehiyo ang isang panukalang batas (Senate Bill 438) na
kursong tumatalakay sa buhay at mga naglalayong pag-aralan ang buhay at mga
akda ni Jose Rizal. akda ni Jose Rizal noong Abril 17, 1956.
Maliban sa mga nabanggit na Senador, ang hierarchy, Catholics had the right to refuse to
Catholic Action of Manila (CAM) ang isa sa read them so as not to "endanger their
mga pangunahing organisasyon na naglunsad salvation."
ng mga kampanya laban sa panukala:
- Jesus Paredes (Radio Commentor)
1. Ang kanilang opisyal na pahayagan,
Sentinel ay inilabas na araw-araw sa "The bill was Recto's revenge against the
halip na isang beses lamang sa isang Catholic voters who, together with Magsaysay,
linggo at; were responsible for his poor showing in the
2. 2. Hinikayat ang mga Katoliko na 1955 senatorial elections."
sumulat sa mga Senador at
Kongresman na ibasura ang Batas - Narciso Pimentel Jr. (Radio commentator)
Rizal.
2.4 ORIGINAL TEXT
2.3 MGA PAHAYAG LABAN SA
An Act to make Noli Me Tangere and El
PANUKALANG BATAS RIZAL Filibusterismo compulsory reading matter in
"Compulsion to read something against one's all public and private colleges and universities
religious convictions was no different from a and for other purposes.
requirement to salute the flag, which according
to the latest decision on the matter by the US Malinaw na tinanggal ni Sen. Laurel ang ideya
Supreme Court, was an impairment both of ng "sapilitan" (compulsion).
freedom of speech and freedom of religion."
Marami pa rin ang umasa na hindi ito
-Principal argument of Senators Rodrigo, maaprobahan (kabilang na si Cong. Miguel
Rosales, and Cuenco. Cuenco) ngunit nabigo ang mga ito,
sapagkat...
"A vast majority of our people are at the same
time Catholics and Filipino citizens. As such, - Senado: Naipasa ang batas na 23
they have two great loves: their country and senador ang pabor (Panukalang Batas
their faith.These two loves are not conflicting bilang 438)
loves. They are harmonious affections, like the
love of a child for his father and for his mother. - Mababang Kapulungan ng Kongreso:
"This is the basis of my stand. Let us not create 71 ang pabor; 9 ang hindi pabor; 2
a conflict between nationalism and religion; nagpasyang di bumoto (Panukalang
between the government and the church." Batas bilang 5564)
- Kasaysayan ng Espanya,
- Hiyograpiya,
- Pagsasaka,
- aritmetika,
- doktrina kristiyana,
- Pagsulat,
- pag awit