ALTAMASH INSTITUTE OF DENTAL MEDICINE

COMMUNITY DENTISTRY 2ND YEAR BDS

MOCK EXAMINATION2018
BCQ’s
TOTAL TIME: 2 HOURS MAX. MARKS: 90

1. Regarding the null hypothesis following is not true:

a. It is a pre-existing assumption that needs to be refuted or accepted

b. If the p value is less than 0.05 we reject null hypothesis
c. If the p value is less than 0.05 we accept null hypothesis
d. If p value is more than 0.05 we fail to reject null hypothesis.

2. In relation to establishing the cause-effect relationship which of the following Bradford Hill
criterion needs to be satisfied in absolute terms at all times?

a. Consistency of association
b. Biologic plausibility
c. Temporal sequence of events
d. Strength of association

3. For calculating period prevalence we need to know about:

a. No. of current cases at a specified point in time

b. No. of new and pre-existing cases over a specified period of time
c. No. of new cases of disease during a specified time interval
d. Population at a specific point in time

4. Out of the following which best describes the ideal criterion for the indices?

a. Validity, accessibility, reliability, objectivity, sensitivity

b. Validity, clarity, reliability, sensitivity, acceptability, quantifiability
c. Simplicity, acceptability, objectivity, reliability, accessibility
d. Accessibility, reproducibility, acceptability, sensitivity, reliability

5. In a ratio scale:

a. There is a true zero point

b. Examples include Celsius temperature scale
c. There is no mathematical relation between variables
d. Conditions are categorised according to increasing severity

6. Regarding DMF index which one is not true:

a. It is an irreversible index
 b. This index measures lifetime caries experience
c. D is for decayed, M for missing and F for filled
d. Measures caries experience in primary dentition

7. The expression of a relation in size between 2 random quantities is called:

a. Proportions
b. Ratio
c. Rate
d. None of these

8. An information that refers to the patient or disease is called:

a. Circumstance
b. Variable
c. Variant
d. Proportion

9. A group with common rules and regulations, living in same area and having common
organization is called:

a. Community
b. Area
c. Population
d. Residents

10. Which surface of a tooth is considered to be the least susceptible site for dental caries?

a. Occlusal
b. Cervical
c. Buccal
d. Smooth surfaces

11. Which of the following is not considered to be a demographic risk factor for caries
distribution?

a. Age
b. Race and ethicinity
c. Gender
d. Psychosocial stress

12. Dental fluorosis is a permanent hypo mineralization of enamel. Which of the following is not
a risk factor for it?

a. Infant formula
b. Early use of fluoride toothpaste
c. fluoridated drinking water
d. weak tooth structure

13. The bacteria responsible for causing dental caries is:

 a. staphylococcus Aureus
b. streptococcus Mutans
c. actinobacillus
d. prevotella Intermedia

14. the concentration of fluoride present in deep wells is :

a. 29.5 ppm
b. 0-2 ppm
c. 1000 ppm
d. 1.2 – 1.4 ppm

15. The no cariogenic substrate of sucrose is:

a. Fructose
b. Xylitol
c. Manitol
d. Starch

16. Planning cycle constitutes all of the following except for

a. Collection of information
b. Establishment of long term goals
c. evaluation
d. promoting healthy dental practices

17. Which one of the following brushing techniques is recommended for cleaning in areas of
healing wounds after periodontal surgery?

a. Bass method
b. Charter’s method
c. Stillmans method
d. Fones method

18. Initial caries present on the pits and fissures surfaces of teeth, display which of the following
characteristics?

a. Discolouration
b. Loss of tooth structure
c. Mobility
d. Soft spots

19. Which of the following ingredients in the tooth paste is used as a sweetening agent and
humectant both:

a. Manitol and thymol

b. sorbitol and glycerine
c. xylitol and glycerine
d. sorbitol and thymol

20. The downward adjustment of 1 ppm of the fluoride level in drinking water is :
 a. Fluoridation
b. Fluoridization
c. Defluoridation
d. Refluoridation

21. Which of the following statements are true?

a. The larger the sample size, the greater the sampling error
b. The more categories or breakdowns you want to make in your data analysis the
larger the sample needed
c. The fewer the categories or breakdown you want to make in your data analysis the
larger the sample needed
d. As sample size decreases, so does the size of confidence interval

22. A pharmaceutical company is introducing a new mouthwash for bleeding gums in patients
who report to dental hospitals across the city. To test its efficacy the research design of
choice would be:

a. Field trials
b. Randomised control trial
c. Double blind randomized controlled trial
d. Community trials

23. Which one of these is not a local etiological factor for periodontitis?

a. Faulty nutrition
b. Sub gingival calculus
c. Proximal contact
d. Improper tooth brushing

24. Gingival conditions includes all of the following except:

a. Gingival abscess
b. Necrotizing ulcerative periodontitis
c. Necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis
d. Plaque induced gingivitis

25. Ramfjord teeth are:

a. 16,21,24,36,41,44
b. 14,11,26,34,31,46
c. 16,11,26,36,31,46
d. 16,21,26,36,41,46

26. Code 2 as per the criterion for community periodontal index(CPI) means:

a. Calculus felt during probing with black band between 3.5 mm and 5.5 mm partially
visible
b. Calculus felt during probing with probing depth between 4.5 mm and 5.5. mm
 c. Calculus felt during probing with black band between 3.5 mm and 5.5 mm
completely visible
d. Bleeding observed directly or indirectly

27. People who are available, volunteer, or can be easily recruited are used in the sampling
method called:

a. Simple random sampling

b. Cluster sampling
c. Systemic sampling
d. Convenience sampling

28. If we took 500 people attending a school in Karachi , divide them by gender and then took a
random sample of males and females , the variable on which we would divide the population
is called:

a. Independent variable
b. Dependent variable
c. Stratification variable
d. Sampling variable

29. Which of the following sampling methods is the best way to select a group of people for a
study if you are interested in making statements about the larger population?

a. Convenience sampling
b. Quota sampling
c. Purposive sampling
d. Random sampling

30. Regarding root caries index:

a. It is an ideal index for measuring both coronal and root caries

b. Cannot be used for determining root caries in anterior teeth
c. Score 1 indicates small discrete lesion which is soft
d. Score 0 indicates no bleeding on probing

31. Regarding drawback of DMF

a. DMF gives equal weight to missing, untreated or well restored teeth

b. DMF can underestimate caries experience
c. DMF is invalid when teeth have been lost for reasons other than caries
d. Can estimate the treatment needs

32. Which of the following is the correct sequence of donning off personal protective
equipment?
a. Protective clothing, face mask, eyewear, gloves
b. Gloves, protective eye wear, protective clothing, mask
c. Protective eyewear, mask, gloves, protective clothing
d. Mask, protective eyewear, gloves, protective clothing

33. Needle stick injury can occur due to :

 a. Lack of concentration on the patient’s part
b. Jerky movements of the doctors
c. Re-sheathing the needle
d. All of the above

34. Which of the following precautions should be followed to prevent and reduce injuries and
infection during dental procedure:

a. Education and training for managing problems like first aid procedure
b. Proper utilization of personal protective equipment
c. Out dated immunization of staff
d. Both A and B

35. Primary oral health care is about

a. Providing non-surgical treatments like calculus removal, application of topical

fluorides and placement of sealants.
b. Is provided when an infected tooth requires surgical removal in setups where dentists
are readily available
c. Dentists form the primary health care providing workforce in countries where oral
health care is expensive
d. Preceded by secondary health care in communities

36. The burst theory of periodontitis states that:

a. Periodontitis follows a uniformly linear projection leading to tooth loss

b. Periodontal destruction is characterized by short acute bursts of rapid tissue
breakdown, some tissue repair and long periods of remission
c. Periodontal breakdown is characterized by chronic bursts of slow tissue breakdown,
extensive tissue repair and short periods of remission
d. Periodontitis follows a circular projection leading to complete repair even if treated in
later stages

37. HIV related Kaposi sarcoma affected a large number of people in Africa during the
1990’s.This phenomenon is known as:

a. Sporadic
b. Endemic
c. Pandemic
d. Epidemic

38. Criteria for morphology of pits and fissures of teeth that are indicated for seal against caries
is:

a. Well- coalesced pits and fissures with narrow grooves

b. Well- coalesced pits and fissures with wide grooves
c. Shallow pits and fissures that tend to catch the point of explorer
d. Deep pits and fissures that tend to catch the point of explorer
 39. Following a large group of obese people for a period of 10 years to determine the occurrence
of coronary heart disease and type 2 diabetes would be an example of

a. Retrospective study
b. Cohort study
c. Case control study
d. Randomised controlled trials

40. The concentration of fluoride in public water supply varies from community to community
depending upon:

a. Mean annual intake of water by public

b. Mean annual population of the community
c. Availability of fluoride at government level
d. Mean annual temperature of that particular area

41. What is not true regarding risk?

a. A risk factor is an attribute or exposure that if present directly increases the

probability of a disease occurrence
b. A risk marker is an important part of causal chain
c. A risk factor if confirmed or studied through a cross sectional studies can be termed
as risk indicator
d. A risk factor if absent or removed the probability for the disease outcome reduces

42. What is not true regarding Stephen’s curve?

a. Demineralization of enamel occurs at pH 5.5

b. Repeated intake of fermentable carbohydrates has no influence on salivary pH
c. The action of salivary buffers results in pH coming back to the physiologic levels
d. On average it takes 30 minutes for the salivary pH to return back to normal

43. Which of the following nutrition is important to improve the resistance of host to infection
for periodontal disease:
a. Vitamin A
b. Vitamin E
c. Calcium
d. Copper
44. Omega-3 Fatty acid are beneficial in preventing periodontal disease as:
a. minimize tissue destruction
b. improve wound healing
c. tooth retention
d. both A and C
45. Which of the following is the systemic aetiological factor for periodontal disease:
a. Calculus deposits
b. Down syndrome
 c. Endocrine dysfunctions
d. both B and C
46. Which of the following set of teeth are considered Index teeth for age 20 or more:
a. 17 16 11 26 27 – 47 46 31 36 37
b. 16 11 26 36 31 46
c. 17 13 24 37 33 43 44 47
d. 16 12 23 25 28 - 47 46 32 36 37
47. Which of the following is the main disadvantage for CPITN:
a. it provides quick assessment of periodontal disease
b. has a uniformity
c. provides an indication of level of complexity of care required for periodontal disease
d. does not provide any assessment of past periodontal disease.
48. Loe and Silnes developed the index for:
a. to measure periodontal pocket, bone loss, quantitative changes in periodontium
b. degree of bone loss, quality of gingiva, location of gingiva according to surfaces of
tooth
c. quality of gingiva, location of gingiva according to four surfaces of tooth
d. total circumference of free gingiva, quality of gingiva, periodontal pocket
49. Initial 30% of ingested fluoride is eliminated rapidly from the body within:
a. 2 hours
b. 4 hours
c. 14 hours
d. 24 hours
50. Which of the following is the second-best fortification method for fluoride administration:
a. Community water fluoridation
b. School water fluoridation
c. Milk fluoridation
d. Domestic salt fluoridation
51. Which of the following method/s is/are advocated for fluorosis treatment:
a. Etching followed by bleaching with hydrogen peroxide (30%)
b. Etching followed by resin veneer
c. Crown placement
 d. All of the above
52. Which is the best method to prevent Fluorosis:
a. Switching over the alternative water supply or mixing water with different concentration of
fluoride
b. Can recommend Defluoridation of water both at domestic and community level
c. Avoid ingestion of excessive amount of fluoride in water in ages from birth and five
years of age
d. By improving the general health status only
53. Mean, Median and Mode are measures of:
a. Biostatistics
b. Central tendency
c. Spreadness of data
d. Normality

54. Type 1 error is:

a) Rejecting the null hypothesis when it is in fact true
b) Failing to accept the null hypothesis when it is not true
c) Failing to reject null hypothesis when it is in fact false
d) Dependent on the sample size

55. We want to determine the risk of developing lung cancer in smokers in comparison to those who
don’t smoke. For calculating risk we need to know about:
a. Total no. of smokers and non-smokers
b. Cumulative incidence in exposed and unexposed to smoking
c. Average incidence in smokers and non-smokers
d. Point prevalence in smokers and non-smokers

56. For period prevalence we need to know about?

a) Population at the start of time interval
b) Summed person years of observation
c) Mid interval population
d) Population at the same specified point in time

57. Alma-Ata declaration is based on:

a. Roll back malaria
b. Life is precious
c. Health for all
d. March towards health

58. Global goals for oral health in year 2000 established by World Dental Federation and World
Health Organization in 1982 includes all of the following except for:
 a) 50 % of 5-6 year olds will be caries free
b) 85% of population will retain all their permanent teeth at age 18
c) The global average will be no more than 3 decayed , missing and filled teeth at age 12
d) A 30 % reduction from present levels of edentulousness at age 65 years and older will be
achieved

59. The reliability of dental index means:

a. The validity of measurements produced as a result of using the index
b. The sensitivity of index in measuring the dental disease or condition in question
c. The subjectivity of the diagnostic criterion used in the index
d. The consistency with which similar information can be obtained as a result of using the
index at different times

60. Professionally applied fluoride treatment includes:

a. Fluoride supplements
b. Supervised brushing programs
c. Individualized gel- tray application
d. Fluoride bleach technique

59. The post eruptive effects of fluoride include all of the following except:
a. Role of fluoride in formation of fluoroapatite crystals
b. Role of fluoride in remineralisation of enamel remineralisation
c. Inhibitory effect of fluoride on metabolism of oral bacteria
d. Fluoride and development of fluorosis in dental hard tissue

60. The strength of evidence for a program or procedure is best obtained by:
a. Cohort and case control analytical studies
b. Randomized controlled trials
c. Cross sectional analytical surveys
d. Lab trials

61. Creating safe, stimulating, satisfying and enjoyable work and living conditions is an example of:
a. Creating supporting environments
b. Strengthening community actions
c. Building healthy public policies
d. Developing personal skills

62. Complete physical, mental and social wellbeing and not merely absence of disease:
a. Winslow’s definition of public health
b. Criterion for public health problems
c. WHO definition of health
d. None of the above
63. Regarding an individual paper, which of the following accounts for unusual manifestations of
disease conditions, treatment outcome or disease progression:
a. Case reports
b. Research reports
c. Commentaries
d. Reviews

64. Window period for the development of fluorosis in permanent dentition is:
a. 1.5 to 3 years of age
b. 4 to 5 years of age
c. 1.5 to 5 years of age
d. From birth till 5 years of age

65. The recommended amount of fluoride in public water supply:

a. 3 ppm
b. 0.5 ppm
c. 1 ppm
d. 1000 mg

66. The severe form of fluorosis is characterized by:

a. Staining only
b. Slight staining and pitting
c. All of the above
d. Marked staining and pitting with severe hypoplasia

67. Criterion for Thylstrup- Fejerskov fluorosis index:

a. Score 4 means entire surface showing opacities
b. Score 2 indicates Occlusal surface change
c. Score 1 means merging cloudy areas
d. Score 8 indicates loss of whole of enamel

68. What will be the condition called if a tooth presents with loss of hard tissue via vigorous brushing
that does not involve bacteria
a. Erosion
b. Attrition
c. Abfraction
d. Abrasion
69. A review in which a comprehensive search for all relevant studies on a specific topic done:
a. Meta-analysis
b. Systematic review
c. Narrative review
d. Bradford hill criterion
70. An inflammatory disease of oral soft tissues with CAL.
a. Gingivitis
b. Apthous ulcers
c. Periodontitis
d. ECC

71. Regarding gingival index what is not true

a. GI grades the gingiva on all 4 sides
b. Proposed by Russell
c. Score zero does not need any treatment
d. Used to measure mobility of tooth

72. An index is:

a. Tool that enables the quantity of a disease to be measured
b. Scale with score corresponds to a specific criteria
c. Defines the specific problem under consideration
d. All of the above

73. HIV affects:

a. CD4+T – lymphocytes
b. CD4+B-lymphocytes
c. CD4+T and B lymphocytes
d. CD4+T lymphocytes and Plasma cells

74. All of these are sources of data for scientific research except for:
a. Newspaper
b. Systematic review
c. Records
d. Personal experiments

75. All statements are true regarding types of data except:

a. Quantitative data include age, blood pressure, and blood glucose level.
b. Qualitative data can be measured on ordinal scale
c. Qualitative data can be changed into quantitative data
d. Nominal data does not measure intensity of disease

76. Making a set of complete denture for an edentulous patient is the type of:
a. Primary prevention
b. Secondary prevention
c. Tertiary prevention
d. Primordial prevention
77. Which of the following is true for variable showing normal distribution
a. The median and mean will be the same
b. The variance will equal the standard deviation
c. The sample mean will be equal to the population mean
d. The co efficient of variation is constant

78. A person who works in a lab, constructing dental appliances and fabricates dentures without
prescription of the dentist is:
a. Denturist
b. Dental technician
c. Dental hygienist
d. Dental prosthetist

79. The results of a study conducted on a group of individuals aged 20-25 years residing in a
particular community and city could be generalized and applied to the whole population of country.
This can be justified only if the study has:
a. Specificity
b. Internal validity
c. External validity
d. Statistical power

80. Early childhood caries is a severe state of caries extending up to age of

a. 5 years
b. 56 months
c. 72 months
d. 7 years

81. Height and age of a student are examples of:

a. Nominal variable
b. Ordinal variable
c. Continuous variable
d. Discrete variable

82. Gene associated with oral cancer is:

a. P52 tumour suppressor gene
b. P53 tumour suppressor gene
c. P52 tumour aggravating gene
d. P53 tumour aggravating gene

83. The assessment of measurement of the quality of care and implementation of any necessary
changes to either maintain or improve the quality of care rendered.
 a. Quality assurance
b. Degree of excellence
c. Fitness of purpose
d. Quantity of assurance
84. Main clinical advantage of glass ionomer pits and fissure sealants is the property of:
a. Fluoride leaching
b. Cariostatic effect
c. Easy mixing
d. Chemical bonding to tooth surface

85. Which type of glass ionomer cement for pits and fissure sealants are considered to be most
effective in preventing dental caries?
a. High viscosity
b. Medium viscosity
c. Low viscosity
d. Very low viscosity

86. Which one of the following is not a type of communicative behaviour?

a. Passive assertive
b. Aggressive
c. Passive
d. Passive aggressive

87. Which one of the following is not a feature of aggressive behaviour?

a. Creating win-lose situation and using intimidation to get their needs met
b. Are close minded, poor listeners and monopolize others
c. Aggressive people feel a superiority complex over others
d. Behaviour is also characterized by sarcasm

88. Systematic desensitization technique is used when:

a. Mild punishment is to be administered for the purpose of reducing disruptive behaviour
b. Dealing with anxiety and other fear related problems
c. There is a need to control the occurrence of undesirable behaviour by withdrawal of
privileges in the event of occurrence of undesirable behaviour
d. There is a need to encourage positive behaviour

89. Continuous scrutiny of the factors that determine the occurrence and distribution of disease and
other conditions of ill health is called:
a. Monitoring
b. Reporting
c. Surveillance
d. Screening
90. Regarding methods of sterilization following is not true:
a. using moist heat, instruments can be sterilized at 121℃ at 15 psi for 15 minutes
b. Instruments gets corroded if subjected to dry heat method of sterilization
c. Chemical vapour method of sterilization requires adequate ventilation
d. Non stainless steel metal items corrode if subjected to moist heat sterilization