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Engineering Physics
Engineering Physics
Engineering Physics
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(b) What are the characteristics of the laser beam. Draw a neat diagram of the He-Ne laser 10
system and describe its construction and working. Discuss its applications
3 (a) The transition to the ground state from the upper and lower energy states in a laser system 10
results in the emission of photons of wavelength 6392 A◦ and 6438 A◦ respectively.
Determine the ratio of the population of the energy levels at 27◦C. Also estimate the energy
values of the two levels in eV.
×OR
(b) By considering a non-uniform current distribution in a region prove that 10
𝜕𝐵 𝜕𝐷
a) ∇ × E = − 𝜕𝑡 b) ∇ × 𝐻 = 𝐽 + 𝜕𝑡
5 The refractive indices of core and cladding are 1.50 and 1.48 respectively in an optical 10
fiber. Find the numerical aperture and angle of acceptance.
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