A4 MATRICES

QUESTIONS

LEVELS
P-2
 1 The matrix Y satisfies the equation

( )
4Y – 2
12 6
–9 0
= Y.

Find Y, expressing it in the form

( )
a b
c d
. [2]

4024/02/M/J/04

4y) 2 (2) Y
-

4y y
( 48 8)
-

-
=

3y
( 24 )
-
-
=

y =

1 -%
 2 In a swimming match between two schools, C and D, two students from each school took
part ineach event.
The number of places each school gained in each position is shown in the table.

First Second Third Fourth

School C 6 3 5 6
School D 4 7 5 4

The points awarded for First, Second, Third and Fourth places were 5, 3, 1 and 0 respectively.

Matrices related to this information are defined below.

()
5

A=
( 6 3 5 6
4 7 5 4 ) and B=
3
1
0

(i) What does the sum of the elements in each column of A represent? [1]
(ii) (a) Find AB. [2]
(b) What information is shown by AB? [1]

*(iii) It was suggested that the points awarded for First, Second, Third and Fourth places should
have been 5, 3, 2 and 1 respectively.
Would this suggestion have made any difference to which school won this match?
Show clear working to justify your answer. [1]

i
4024/02/M/J/04

(*)
 3 M= !–1–2 34"
(i) Find the determinant of M. [1]
(ii) Write down the inverse of M. [1]

#(iii) Find the matrix X, where MX = !–24" . [2]

=) =( )
4024/02/M/J/07
1 2)(3)
i) (M) (1)(4)
iii) /
-
-
=

IM1 =
2

ii) Adjoint(M) =) 3)
=

) (-2) =

M" =

m
=
(Adjoint)

[( 3)
=
=

(
4 Ann went on a car journey that was split into three stages.
Two relevant matrices are shown below.
The first matrix shows the average speed, in kilometres per hour, of the car during each stage.
The second matrix shows the time, in hours, taken for each stage.

Time
First Second Third
stage stage stage

!"
1 12 First stage
Average speed !40 30 50" 1 Second stage
2 12 Third stage

!"
1 12
(i) Find !40 30 50" 1 . [1]
2 12

(ii) What information is given by the matrix obtained in part (i)? [1]
(iii) Calculate the average speed for the whole journey. [1]
4024/02/M/J/08
5 
0
A = –1
3
x B= 11
3
–1
0 
(i) Express 2A − 3B in terms of x. [2]

(ii) Given that A = B−1, find the value of x. [2]

4024/O2/M/J/09
6 (a) Evaluate

!" ! "
2 1
(i) 3 4 –2 6 , [2]
0 –3

! "
0 4
(ii) (1 3 4) 3 1 . [2]
5 0
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7 (a) Bertie goes shopping and buys three different types of fruit.
The first matrix below shows the number of kilograms of each fruit bought during two different
weeks.
The second matrix shows the price per kilogram, in cents, of each fruit.

bananas apples grapes price/kg

! " ! "
Week 1 1 2 0.5 290 bananas
Week 2 1.5 1 1 160 apples
640 grapes

! "! "
1 2 0.5 290
(i) F = 160 .
1.5 1 1
640

Find F. [2]

(ii) Explain the meaning of the information given by the matrix F. [1]

(iii) Find the total amount of money, in dollars, that Bertie spent on fruit during the two weeks.
[1]

(b) The matrix M satisfies the equation

8
! 3
–1
0
2 "
+ 5M = M.

Find M. [2]
4024/22/M/J/10
8 !
A = –1 2
3 –1 " and B =
!–34 –12" .
(i) Find AB.

Answer [2]

(ii) Find B–1.

Answer [2]
4024/21/M/J/11
9 A= ( –14 31) and B = ( –35 –24) .
Find

(i) 2A – B,

Answer [2]

(ii) B–1.

Answer [2]
4024/22/M/J/11
 x
10
!3
1
–1
–0
0
1 "! " !"
11 = 4 .
y 9
Find x and y.

Answer x = ................................ [2]

y = ................................ [2]
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11 (a) A = !–3–2 62" B= !–11 –20"
Find

(i) A + 2B,

(ii) A–1.
Answer
! " [1]

Answer
! " [2]
(b) Mark and Luke spend three days training for a cycling event.
Mark cycles at an average speed of 24 km/h on the first two days and 26 km/h on the third
day.
Luke cycles at an average speed of 25 km/h on the first day, 24 km/h on the second day and
27 km/h on the third day.
They each cycle for 1 hour on the first day and increase their cycling time by 1 hour each day.
2
This information is represented by the matrices P and Q below.

!"
1
P= ! 24 24 26
25 24 27 " Q= m
n
(i) Find m and n.

Answer m = .............. n = .............[1]

(ii) Find PQ.

Answer [2]

(iii) Calculate the difference between the numbers in the matrix PQ and explain what this
number represents.

Answer Difference is ................ and this number represents ........................................

...................................................................................................................................... [2]
4024/21/M/J/12
12 (a) A = !–31 20" B= !–23 –11"
(i) Find A – 2B.

(ii) Find A–1.

Answer
! " [1]

Answer
! " [2]

(b) Zara is going to put carpet and underlay in three rooms, A, B and C, of her house.
The cost per square metre for the carpet in A is $18, in B is $22 and in C is $25.
The cost per square metre for the underlay is $6 in A and $8 in the other two rooms.
This information is represented by matrix P below.

P= !186 22
8
25
8 "
The amount of carpet and underlay required for A, B and C is 8 m2, 15 m2 and 20 m2
respectively.
This information is represented by matrix Q below.

!"
8
Q = 15
20

(i) Find PQ.

Answer [2]

(ii) Explain what the matrix PQ represents.

Answer ..............................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................... [1]
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 2 1
13 (a) Express as a single matrix 5 f -1 p - 4 f - 3 p.
3 0

Answer [2]

1
7 -1 3
(b) Express as a single matrix c m f 0 p.
2 0 4
2

Answer [2]
1 0
(c) A =c m
-2 4

(i) Find A - 1 .

Answer f p [2]

(ii) B + 3I = A where I is the 2 # 2 identity matrix.

Find B.

Answer f p [2]

4024/22/O/N/13
 A= e o   B= e o
1 3 -1 2
14 (a)
-2 2 -3 2

Find

(i) 2A –B,

Answer f p [2]

(ii) B–1.

Answer f p [2]

(b) ThematrixCsatisfiesthefollowingequation.

3C+4 e o=C
-2 1
  
0 3

FindC.

Answer f p [2]
 (c) Theresasellsraspberriesandblackcurrants.
Thefirstmatrixshowsthenumberofkilogramsofeachfruitshesellsduringthreedifferentweeks.
Thesecondmatrixshowsthepriceperkilogram,incents,ofthefruitTheresasells.

   raspberries blackcurrants price/kg

f p
  Week1 3 2 650 raspberries
f p
  Week2 1.5 3 580 blackcurrants

  Week3 2 2.5

(i) D= f 1.5 3 pc

3 2
m
650
580
2 2.5

FindD.

Answer  [2]

(ii) ExplainthemeaningoftheinformationgivenbymatrixD.

Answer.................................................................................................................................. [1]

(iii) Findthetotalamount,indollars,thatTheresagetsforthefruitshesells.

Answer $......................................... [1]

4024/21/O/N/15
 J4 - 1N J2 0N
15  A= K O  B = K O
L1 3 P L7 - 5P
(a) Evaluate2A–B.

J N
K O
Answer  KK OO [2]
2 L P
(b) FindA .

J N
K O
Answer  KK OO [2]
L P
(c) FindB–1.

J N
K O
Answer  KK OO [2]
L P
(d) A+Z=A

FindZ.

J N
K O
Answer  KK OO [1]
L P
(e) M+2I=B,whereIisthe2 # 2 identitymatrix.

FindM.

J N
K O
Answer  KK OO [2]
L P

4024/21/M/J/16
 J3 - 1N J 2 2N
16 X=K O Y=K O
L2 0P L- 1 1P
Find

(i) 2X + Y ,

J N
K O
Answer KK OO [2]
L P
(ii) Y –1 .

J N
K O
Answer KK OO [2]
L P

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 J2 0N J 1 2N
17 A=K O B=K O
L3 1P L- 1 3P

(a) Find A + 2B.

J N
K O
Answer K O [2]
K O
L P
(b) Find AB.

J N
K O
Answer K O [2]
K O
L P
JxN J 8 N
(c) A K O = K O
L2P L2yP
Find x and y.

Answer x = ................. y = ................. [2]

(d) Find B -1 .

J N
K O
Answer K O [2]
K O
L P
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 J2 0 NO J2 -1N
18 K
A= K O B = KK OO
L4 -1P L6 -1 P

(a) Calculate

(i) BA,

Answer [2]

(ii) B–1.

J N
K O
Answer KK OO [2]
L P
(b) Given that A + 2C = 3B , find C.

J N
K O
Answer KK OO [2]
L P
4024/21/M/J/17
 J 3 2NO J 5 3N J- 2N
19 K
A =K O B = KK OO C = KK OO
L- 4 - 2P L- 2 1 P L 1P

(a) Calculate 2B – 3A.

J N
K O
Answer KK OO [2]
L P
(b) Calculate BC.

Answer [2]

(c) Calculate A–1 + A.

J N
K O
Answer KK OO [3]
L P
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20 Anya makes T-shirts.
The matrix, M, shows the number of T-shirts of different types she makes in one week.

Small Medium Large

J10 25 30N Men
M = KK OO
L20 40 25 P Women

(a) Anya sells all of these T-shirts to a shop.

She charges $5 for each small T-shirt, $6 for each medium T-shirt and
$8 for each large T-shirt.

Represent these amounts in a 3 # 1 column matrix N.

Answer N = [1]

(b) (i) Work out P = MN.

Answer P = [2]

(ii) Explain what the elements in matrix P represent.

Answer .......................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................... [1]
(c) The shopkeeper sells all sizes of men’s T-shirts at $10 each.
He sells all sizes of women’s T-shirts at $9.50 each.
He sells all of these T-shirts.

J10 25 30N
(i) Work out (10 9.50) KK OO .
L20 40 25P

Answer ........................................... [2]

(ii) Work out the percentage profit the shopkeeper makes when he sells all of the
T-shirts.

Answer ....................................... % [3]

4024/22/O/N/17