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REPUBLIC OF THE PHILIPPINES

ZAMSULA EVERLASTING COLLEGE


POBLACION SALUG, ZAMBOANGA DEL NORTE

COLLEGE OF EDUCATION

FIELD STUDY 4

IN

BACONG CENTRAL SCHOOL

SY 2022-2023

Submitted To:

MRS. SETCHERY ESTEBAT

In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements

For

Field Study 4

Submitted by:

PORFERIA P. MALACAT
BTVTED
Republic of the Philippines

ZAMSULA EVERLASING COLLEGE

Salug, Zamboana del Norte


___________________

BACHELOR IN TECHNICAL VOCATIONAL TEACHER


EDUCATION (BTVTED)
___________________

A PORTFOLIO ON FIELD STUDY 4

EXPLORING THE CURRICULUM

IN

BACONG CENTRAL SCHOOL

SALUG II DISTRICT
___________________

Submitted to:

SETCHERY T. ESTEBAT

College Instructor
___________________

In Partial Fulfillment

Of the Requirements for Field Study 4

Submitted by:

Porferia P. Malacat
BTVTED- STUDENT
January, 2023
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I proudly and greatly thanks to the following persons for helping and
accompanying me on finishing this field study 4 portfolio, entitled “Exploring
the Curriculum” in Bacong Central School. First and foremost, to our Lord
God for giving me life, strength, and wisdom in finishing this portfolio, and for
keeping me safe on conducting my observation, and to Ma’am Setchery T.
Estebat who gave us the warmest welcome and for imparting essential wisdoms
which we can use as we go on to our chosen paths, Instill in our minds that it
is not a choice to educate, but a path to take.

To my son-in-law John A. Vibar who always render his time and patience for
encoding this field study 4 portfolio, and to Sir Gerry C. Brobo, who supported
me always in this requirements, and especially to Kindergarten Adviser where
I’m assigned to observe the class, Ma’am Victoria Lobetania Tapayan, who
always render her time, patience and support for my portfolio requirement.

Last but not the least, to my ever-loving family and the undying supports of my
classmates who are always at my side no matter what the situation is for
motivating me despite the pressure to finish this thing.

Thank you so much everyone.

i
Table of Contents

Title Page
Acknowledgment i
Course Description and General Objectives ii

ORGANIZATION OF PORTFOLIO ENTRIES

FIELD STUDY 4 (Exploring the Curriculum)

Episode 1 (Look deeper into the concepts, nature and


Purposes of the curriculum) 1-8
• My Tools 3
• My Personal Insights 4
• My Enriching Activities 5
• My Analysis 5
• My Reflections/ My Insights 6
• My Portfolio 7

Episode 2 (What’s the Curriculum made of ) 9-15


• My Tools 12
• My Analysis 13
• My Reflections/ My Insights 14
• My Portfolio 15

Episode 3 (What’s New in Teaching and Learning) 16-23


• My Tools 19
• My Analysis 21
• My Reflections/ My Insights 22
• My Portfolio 23
Episode 4 (Let’s Craft the Curriculum)……………………………………………24-29
• My Analysis 27
• My Reflections/ My Insights 28
• My Portfolio 29

Episode 5 (What’s the Basic of the Curriculum)...……………………………. 30-36


• My Tools 34
• My analysis 35
• My Reflections My Insights 35
• My Portfolio 36

Episode 6 (Tell Me Your Futures)37-43


• My Tools 40
My Analysis 41
• My Reflections/ My Insights 41
• My Portfolio 42

Episode 7 (The WH – of the Curriculum) 44-49


• My Tools 47
• My Portfolio 49

Episode 8 (What’s New in the Curriculum) 50-53


• My Enriching Activities 53
• My Conclusions 53
FS4 Exploring the Curriculum
FIELD STUDY

Course Description

This course is intended to introduce the pre-service students to effective


curriculum design and assessment. The course topics include curriculum
models, principles and approaches in designing, delivering, and addressing the
curriculum.

It emphasizes familiarity with contemporary curriculum policies and


framework and their relevance or planning, pedagogy and assessment at the
classroom level.

The course in curriculum development shall develop teachers who can


adjust and be flexible in designing and implementing curricula in learning
environments for different students in different context.

It can also apply a wide range of teaching process skills (including


curriculum development, lesson planning, material development, educational
assessment and pedagogy)

Field Study 4 is anchored on Curriculum Development and Educational


Technology.

General Objectives

1. Design a model of curriculum demonstrating considerations for


basic and higher education, appropriate community linkages, and
stakeholders.
2. Address the monitoring of curriculum implementation and
assessment of curriculum.
3. Prepare an alignment of developing objectives, pedagogy and
assessment.

ii
FS4
FIELD STUDY
Exploring the Curriculum

Episode 1

LOOK DEEPER INTO THE CONCEPTS, NATURE AND


PURPOSES OF THE CURRICULUM

Name of FS Student Porferia P. Malacat_________________________________


Course BTVTED _______________________ Year & Section IV_______
Resource Teacher Mrs. Victoria . Tapayan Signature ___________ Date ________
Cooperating School Bacong Central School___________

My Target
At the end of this activity, I should be able to explain the concepts,
nature and purposes of the curriculum and how these are translated into the
school community.

My Performance (How I Will Be Rated)

Field Study 4, Episode 1 – Look deeper into the concepts, nature and purposes of the curriculum
Focused on: The concepts, nature and purposes of the curriculum and how these are translated
into the school community
EXEMPLARY SUPERIOR SATISFACTORY UNSATISFACTORY
TASKS
4 3 2 1
All tasks were All or nearly all Nearly all tasks Fewer than half of
done with tasks were done were done with tasks were done;
outstanding with high quality acceptable or most objectives
Observation/
quality; work quality met but with poor
Documentation:
exceeds quality
expectations
4 3 2 1

1
Analysis Analysis Analysis Analysis questions
questions were questions were questions were were not
answered answered not answered answered
completely; in completely completely
depth answers Grammar and
thoroughly Clear Vaguely related spelling
My Analysis grounded on connection with to the theories unsatisfactory
theories theories Grammar and
Exemplary spelling
grammar and Grammar and acceptable
spelling spelling are
superior
4 3 2 1
Reflection Reflection Reflection Reflection
statements are statements are statements are statements are
profound and clear, but not shallow; unclear and
clear, supported clearly supported by shallow and are
My Reflection by experiences supported by experiences not supported by
from the experiences from the experiences from
episode from the episode the episode
episode
4 3 2 1
Portfolio is Portfolio is Portfolio is Portfolio has many
complete, clear, complete, clear, incomplete; lacking
well-organized well-organized supporting components; is
and all and most documentation unorganized and
supporting supporting is organized but unclear
documentation documentation is lacking
My Portfolio
are located in are available
sections clearly and/or in logical
designated and clearly
marked
locations.
4 3 2 1
Before deadline On deadline A day after the Two days or more
Submission deadline after the deadline
4 3 2 1

Over-all Score Rating:


(Based on
transmutation)

____________________________________ ___________________________
Signature of FS Teacher Date
above Printed Name

2
Transmutation of score to grade/rating

Score Grade Score Grade


20 - 1.0 - 99 12-13 - 2.50 - 81
18-19 - 1.25 - 96 11 - 2.75 - 78
17 - 1.5 - 93 10 - 3.00 - 75
16 - 1.75 - 90 8-9 - 3.5 - 72
15 - 2.00 - 87 7-below - 5.00 - below
14 - 2.25 - 84

My Tools

Accomplish the H Chart. Interview an administrator or a faculty


member. Get their ides/views of the curriculum. Write the differences on both
sides and the similarities at the center and then write your personal insights.

* Teacher is expert * Teacher is guide


and information and facilitator
provider
The role of teacher is * Sources are varied
* Textbook is key important
source of information * Focus on learning
There is learning goals inquiry/ quest/
* Focus on facts discovery
Total learning
experiences * Process oriented
* Product oriented

* Assessment is * Assessment is
quantitative quantitative and
qualitative

3
My Personal Insights
Answer:

The type of curriculum a school offers is very important. Based


on the table above, we can see that the traditional curriculum is
far behind from the progressive curriculum. Nowadays, we must
go with the flow of 21 st century. We must cope up with the
changes so our curriculum must improve too so that we can
develop the children holistically. As we are in this present
generation, we must use the progressive curriculum because it
engages students in activities of a higher plane of thinking.

My Enriching Activities

If you are to design a curriculum for your own school, what are the
things you need to consider? Accomplish the graphic organizer below.

The School
Vision,
Mission, Strategies/
Goals, Things I Methods to
Objective Need to be used
and Core
Values
Do to
Consider in
Preparing
My The support
The learner’s School’s of teacher,
needs and Curriculum staff and
interest other school
personas

Ideology of
Nation

4
My Analysis
1. Why do we need to consider the traditional and
progressive points of view of curriculum?

Answer:

We need to consider the traditional and progressive


points of view of curriculum because in a classroom,
a diverse student could be found. As future
teachers, we must see to it that whatever we are
teaching is suits the needs and learning capabilities
of the learners. We need to utilize and organize
various teaching methodologies so that our learners
may learn better. Aside from that a wide
understanding on what these two views of the
curriculum is all about giving information on what
view is beneficial.

2. How do the different educational philosophies relate


to the curriculum in the schools you visited? Cite
examples/situations.

Answer:

In Bacong Central School, the different educational


philosophies are used as springboard in teaching
pupils with special needs, and they are really related
to curriculum because they firmly believe that these
philosophies has important role that can heavily
influenced curriculum especially in their SPED
class, pupils are actively involved in developing
curriculum.

5
3. Why is there a need to revise the curriculum from
time to time?

Answer:

I firmly believe that there’s a need to revise the


curriculum from time to time in order to suit to the
demands of the present generation. We have to
accept or adapt the different changes in our
curriculum rather than, still remain on the same
curriculum and also to be globally competitive.
Revision of curriculum is also done to enhance and
improve the thinking skills of the students and
develop the quality of teaching to reach the vision.

My Reflections/ My Insights

Answer:

In narrow sense, curriculum is just the list of subjects


taught in schools. But in broader sense, it is not just
the subjects but rather the total learning experiences
we give to our children. There are many curriculums
happening in one school like the written curriculum,
achieved, taught, etc. there are many types of it but
what is essential is that together they make one
curriculum that makes a certain school different from
other schools. Bacong Central School has a very good
curriculum: from the teachers to the administrators,
and up to school activities,

6
My Portfolio

The opposite of a progressive school. One that focuses more on


obedience, studying and tests then on hands on experimental type
learning. In a traditional school it is a preparation for life. Learners in a
traditional school are passive absorbers of information and authority.
Learning is linear, with factual accumulation and skill mastery.
Knowledge is absorbed through lectures, worksheets and texts. And
teachers in the traditional school are sources of information and
authority.
7
In a progressive school it is a part of life. Learners in a progressive school are
active participants, problem solvers and planners. Learning is spiral, with
depth and breadth as goals. Knowledge is constructed through play, direct
experience and social interaction. And teachers in progressive school are
facilitators, guides who foster thinking.

8
FS4
FIELD STUDY
Exploring the Curriculum

Episode 2

WHAT’S THE CURRICULUM MADE OF?


Name of FS Student Porferia P. Malacat _________________ __________
Course BTVTED Year & Section IV___
Resource Teacher Mrs. Victoria L. Tapayan_______ Signature ___________ Date ________
Cooperating School Bacong Central School ___________

My Target
At the end of this activity, I should be able to identify the components of
the curriculum and curricular approaches.

My Performance (How I Will Be Rated)

Field Study 4, Episode 2 – What’s the curriculum made of?


Focused on: The components of the curriculum and curricular approaches.
EXEMPLARY SUPERIOR SATISFACTORY UNSATISFACTORY
TASKS
4 3 2 1
All tasks were All or nearly all Nearly all tasks Fewer than half of
done with tasks were done were done with tasks were done;
outstanding with high quality acceptable or most objectives
Observation/
quality; work quality met but with poor
Documentation:
exceeds quality
expectations
4 3 2 1
Analysis Analysis Analysis Analysis questions
questions were questions were questions were were not
answered answered not answered answered
completely; in completely completely
depth answers Grammar and
thoroughly Clear Vaguely related spelling
My Analysis grounded on connection with to the theories unsatisfactory
theories theories
Exemplary Grammar and 1
grammar and Grammar and spelling
spelling spelling are acceptable 9
superior
4 3 2
Reflection Reflection Reflection Reflection
statements are statements are statements are statements are
profound and clear, but not shallow; unclear and
clear, supported clearly supported by shallow and are
by experiences supported by experiences not supported by
My Reflection
from the experiences from the experiences from
episode from the episode the episode
episode

4 3 2 1
Portfolio is Portfolio is Portfolio is Portfolio has many
complete, clear, complete, clear, incomplete; lacking
well-organized well-organized supporting components; is
and all and most documentation unorganized and
supporting supporting is organized but unclear
documentation documentation is lacking
My Portfolio
are located in are available
sections clearly and/or in logical
designated and clearly
marked
locations.
4 3 2 1
Before deadline On deadline A day after the Two days or more
Submission deadline after the deadline
4 3 2 1

Over-all Score Rating:


(Based on
transmutation)

____________________________________ ___________________________
Signature of FS Teacher Date
above Printed Name

Transmutation of score to grade/rating

Score Grade Score Grade


20 - 1.0 - 99 12-13 - 2.50 - 81
18-19 - 1.25 - 96 11 - 2.75 - 78
17 - 1.5 - 93 10 - 3.00 - 75
16 - 1.75 - 90 8-9 - 3.5 - 72
15 - 2.00 - 87 7-below - 5.00 - below
14 - 2.25 - 84

10
My Map
For this concept, go through the following steps.

2. Interview a
1. Visit a school
school
and find out how
administrator/facu
they attain the
lty about how they
aims of
concretize their
elementary, 3. Record the school's vision and
secondary and different goals into the
tertiary education. methods/startegie curriculum.
s that they
employed to
attain their
4. Interview one school's
or two students objectives.
and ask them their
school's
vision/mission.

11
My Tools

For this Episode, visit a school/university or get a copy of the school


brochure. Copy the school/university’s vision, mission and goals on this page.

We dream of Filipino who passionately love their


country and whose values and competencies them
to realize their full potential and contribute
VISION meaningfully to building the nation.
As a learner-centered public institution, the
Department of education continuously improves
itself to better serve its stakeholders

To protect and promote the right of every Filipino


to equality, equitable, culture-base complete basic
education where:
Students learn in a child-friendly, gender-
sensitive, safe and motivating environment.
Teachers facilitate learning and constantly
MISSION nurture every learner.
Administrators and staff, as stewards of the
institution, ensure an enabling and supportive
environment learning to happen.
Family community and other stakeholders are
relatively engage and share responsibility for
developing life-long learners.

CORE VALUES
Maka Dios
GOALS Maka-Tao.
Makakalikasan.
Makabansa.

12
My Analysis
1. How important is the school’s vision, mission and goals in
designing the curriculum?

Answer:

The school’s mission vision and goals are very important in


designing the curriculum because your curriculum is for the
vision of the school. Curricula should revolve around the vision,
mission and goals which guide the school.

2. What methods and strategies were employed by the school


community to realize these goals?

Answer:

The methods and strategies used to realize the school’s goals are
through the curriculum, by the learning experiences like day- to-
day lessons in the classroom, scholastic activities. Some of the
strategies are the planned objectives, the instructional materials
to be used; the multitude of teaching methods and educational
activities that enhances learning. Among the methods are the
inquiry approaches, constructivist and other emerging strategies
that complement new theories in teaching and learning.

3. How did the students manifest that they have internalized their
vision, mission and goals?

Answer:

Here in Bacong Central School as they enter the gate and see the
tarpaulins hanged, I can say that they internalized their mission,
vision and goals because these tarpaulins show the triumphs of
students here. And also, they manifest it the way they interact, act
and speak, and they engage themselves in different activities that
school implemented. A student even at very young age appears to be
intelligent and knowledgeable enough.

13
My Reflections/ My Insights

Answer:

The first component of the curriculum is the learning


goals and objectives which are based on school’s
mission, vision and goals which are based schools larger
vision and mission but of course this school’s vision and
mission is also aligned on the goals of education as
stated on the Philippine Constitution.

Just like in our lesson plan our vision and mission


serves as our guiding stars for it allows us to decide
what to be included in our curriculum and what is to be
omitted, it is also important that students must be
aware of the schools vision and mission so that they can
internalized it and for them to set their personal
objectives.

As a future teacher, I’ve realized the importance of the


school goals. I’ve also learned that the school objectives
should also reflect the needs and specialization of the
whole educational community. At the same time, the
school goals should be supported with quality
educational experiences and learning content. And
finally there should be an evaluation to know whether
our aim which is to develop a well balanced individual is
attained or not.

14

My Portfolio
15

FS4
FIELD STUDY
Exploring the Curriculum

Episode 3
WHAT’S NEW IN TEACHING AND LEARNING?
Name of FS Student Porferia P. Malacat______________________________
Course BTVTED Year & Section IV ___
Resource Teacher Mrs. Victoria L. Tapayan______ Signature ___________ Date _______
Cooperating School Bacong Central School ___________

My Target
At the end of this activity, I should be able to discuss the teaching and
learning process.

My Performance (How I Will Be Rated)

Field Study 4, Episode 3– What’s New In Teaching and Learning?


Focused on: The teaching and learning process in curriculum.
EXEMPLARY SUPERIOR SATISFACTORY UNSATISFACTORY
TASKS
4 3 2 1
All tasks were All or nearly all Nearly all tasks Fewer than half of
done with tasks were done were done with tasks were done;
outstanding with high quality acceptable or most objectives
Observation/
quality; work quality met but with poor
Documentation:
exceeds quality
expectations
4 3 2 1
Analysis Analysis Analysis Analysis questions
questions were questions were questions were were not
answered answered not answered answered
completely; in completely completely
depth answers Clear Grammar and
thoroughly connection with Vaguely related spelling
My Analysis
grounded on theories to the theories unsatisfactory
theories Grammar and
Exemplary spelling are Grammar and 1
grammar and superior spelling
spelling acceptable 16
4 3 2

My Reflection Reflection Reflection Reflection Reflection


statements are statements are statements are statements are
profound and clear, but not shallow; unclear and
clear, supported clearly supported by shallow and are
by experiences supported by experiences not supported by
from the experiences from the experiences from
episode from the episode the episode
episode 1
4 2
3
Portfolio is Portfolio is Portfolio is Portfolio has many
complete, clear, complete, clear, incomplete; lacking
well-organized well-organized supporting components; is
and all and most documentation unorganized and
supporting supporting is organized but unclear
documentation documentation is lacking
My Portfolio
are located in are available
sections clearly and/or in logical
designated and clearly
marked
locations.
4 3 2 1
Before deadline On deadline A day after the Two days or more
Submission deadline after the deadline
4 3 2 1

Over-all Score Rating:


(Based on
transmutation)

____________________________________ ___________________________
Signature of FS Teacher Date
above Printed Name

Transmutation of score to grade/rating

Score Grade Score Grade


20 - 1.0 - 99 12-13 - 2.50 - 81
18-19 - 1.25 - 96 11 - 2.75 - 78
17 - 1.5 - 93 10 - 3.00 - 75
16 - 1.75 - 90 8-9 - 3.5 - 72
15 - 2.00 - 87 7-below - 5.00 - below
14 - 2.25 - 84

17

My Map
In order to reach my target I should do the following steps using the
given pyramid.
1
.

W
r
i
t
e
2
y .
o
u O
r b
s
i e
d r
e v
a e
s
a
o
n c
l
t a
e s
a s
c .
h
i
n
g

a
n
d

l
e
a
r
n
i
n
g
.

18

My Tools
For this episode, I will use the activity from given below.

Interview a teacher. Ask if they perform these series of actions in the


teaching process.
Includes decisions about:
the needs of the learners
the aschievable goals and objectives to meet the
needs
the selection of the content to be taught
PLAN the motivation to carry out the goals
the strategies that are suited to carry out the
goals/objectives
the evaluation process to measure learning
outcomes.

requires the teacher to implement what has


been planned. based on the objectives,
IMPLEMENT implementation means to put into action the
different activities in order to achieve the goals
through the subject matter.

a match of the objectives with the learning


outcomes will be made. the kind of information
should be determined so that the type of
EVALUATE evaluation should be chosen to fit the purpose.
it will answer the question if the plans and
implementation has been succesfully achieved.

19

Observe a class, record the situations where these behavioral learning


theories are applied in real classroom work.

Behavioral Learning Theories –


emphasize observable behavior such
as new skills, knowledge or attitudes
which can be demonstrated.
The teacher taught her students on how to
write sets in roster and rule method. Later, they
have board work. The students are given a tasked to
translate the set written in roster method to rule
method and vice versa. The performance had
showed their learning as based on behavioral
learning theories.

Cognitive Learning Theories –


unobservable mental processes are used to
learn and remember new information or
acquire skills.

While the teacher is reviewing on sets, students


scan their book for information and to acquire new
skills. They use different method in remembering facts
depending on their varied learning styles. This is the
main concern of cognitive learning theories.

20

Discovery Learning – individual


learns from his discovery of the
environment.

The discovery learning happens here when a


student encounters a difficult word then my
resource teacher Ma’am Victoria gave clues to the
word so that the student will understand the word,
or will be able to give context to the word.
Reception Learning – learners are
actively involved in their own
learning.

Reception learning happens here because


Ma’am Victoria provides them experiences by
letting them go in front. They are directly involved
because the instruction or the lesson proper is
active. They are directly involved because they are
learning by doing.

My Analysis
1. Explain why teaching and learning give life and meaning to the
curriculum.

Answer:

Teaching and learning gives life to the curriculum because it is the


actual implementation of the curriculum and the curriculum is nonsense if we
are not going to implement it. Teaching and learning complement and
supplement each other. Teaching and learning tests the curriculum if it is
effective. The value placed in teaching will reap the same value in learning,
thus a good curriculum can be judged by the kind of teaching and the quality
of learning derived from it.

21

2. Discuss why the deluge of information poses a great challenge to both


teaching and learning.

Answer:

Today, in this digital era, information comes from various sources.


Sometimes this will cause information to overflow or to become overloaded.
This situation had become a great challenge to teaching and learning.
The deluge of information poses a great challenge to both teaching and learning
because the curriculum seems to be overloaded; too many subjects to cover,
too many topics to teach. Sometimes the curriculum is fragmented or is simply
boxed. Unfortunately, the learner’s life is not compartmentalized.

Teacher as agent of teaching must carefully choose information to be used to


diverse learners, some information may not be suitable to his/her learners
that’s why great consideration is needed. If this will not be met, learning and
teaching might come in jeopardy.

My Reflections/ My Insights

I LIKE TEACHING BECAUSE...

It is the main way of dispersing knowledge, values and


skills to individuals who are of great need of this knowledge to
be used in one’s life. Like a potter, molding clay to form a
beautiful vase. Teaching is one of the means of directing and
individual to right paths. It is through teaching that learning is
achieved. It is through teaching that individuals are changed. It
is through teaching that made the world a better place to live in.
To teach is to make someone learn. It is the greatest and noblest
profession of all.

I like teaching because it molds the hearts, minds and hands of


students. I like teaching because I have a passion for it and I
want to see my students learn and apply what they have
learned. I want to be a teacher because I want to be an
inspiration to my student. If we are really an effective and
efficient teacher, we could touch our student’s lives. We will be
our inspiration and they will never forget us for the rest of their
lives.
22

My Portfolio

Make a collage of pictures of the teaching process.


23

FS4
FIELD STUDY
Exploring the Curriculum

Episode 4

LET’S CRAFT THE CURRICULUM


Name of FS Student Porferia P. Malacat______________________________
Course BTVTED Year & Section IV ___
Resource Teacher Mrs. Victoria L. Tapayan______ Signature ___________ Date _______
Cooperating School Bacong Central School ___________
My Target
At the end of this activity, I should be able to differentiate the different
curriculum design models.

My Performance (How I Will Be Rated)

Field Study 4, Episode 4 – Let’s craft the curriculum


Focused on: The different curriculum design models.
EXEMPLARY SUPERIOR SATISFACTORY UNSATISFACTORY
TASKS
4 3 2 1
All tasks were All or nearly all Nearly all tasks Fewer than half of
done with tasks were done were done with tasks were done;
outstanding with high quality acceptable or most objectives
Observation/
quality; work quality met but with poor
Documentation:
exceeds quality
expectations
4 3 2 1
Analysis Analysis Analysis Analysis questions
questions were questions were questions were were not
answered answered not answered answered
completely; in completely completely
depth answers Grammar and
Clear
thoroughly Vaguely related spelling
connection with
My Analysis grounded on to the theories unsatisfactory
theories
theories
Exemplary Grammar and Grammar and 1
grammar and spelling are spelling
spelling superior acceptable
24
4 3 2
Reflection Reflection Reflection Reflection
statements are statements are statements are statements are
profound and clear, but not shallow; unclear and
clear, supported clearly supported by shallow and are
by experiences supported by experiences not supported by
My Reflection
from the experiences from the experiences from
episode from the episode the episode
episode

4 3 2 1
My Portfolio Portfolio is Portfolio is Portfolio is Portfolio has many
complete, clear, complete, clear, incomplete; lacking
well-organized well-organized supporting components; is
and all and most documentation unorganized and
supporting supporting is organized but unclear
documentation documentation is lacking
are located in are available
sections clearly and/or in logical
designated and clearly
marked
locations.
4 3 2 1
Before deadline On deadline A day after the Two days or more
Submission deadline after the deadline
4 3 2 1

Over-all Score Rating:


(Based on
transmutation)

____________________________________ ___________________________
Signature of FS Teacher Date
above Printed Name

Transmutation of score to grade/rating

Score Grade Score Grade


20 - 1.0 - 99 12-13 - 2.50 - 81
18-19 - 1.25 - 96 11 - 2.75 - 78
17 - 1.5 - 93 10 - 3.00 - 75
16 - 1.75 - 90 8-9 - 3.5 - 72
15 - 2.00 - 87 7-below - 5.00 - below
14 - 2.25 - 84

25

My Map

To reach my target, I should do these steps.

Observe a class.
1

2
Identify the curriculum design
used by schools.
26

My Analysis

1. Examine the Basic Education Curriculum. What aspects


do you want to modify. Why?

Answer:

I still lack of experiences to give any input to a curriculum made by


experts, but I will try my best to convey my ideas. Since, there are still
non-readers when students reach high school, then part of it must be
because of the curriculum. If I were the one to modify it, I would
suggest the allotted time for the subjects be changed and the number
of topics should be lessen for the lower grades and give more focus on
the major subjects such as Language, Science and Mathematics. If this
is done, I believe more time will be spent on learning the 4 language
arts namely, Speaking, Reading, Listening and Writing. It is also vital
to give more emphasis on basic Mathematics for mastery development
to avoid wasting time with remedial classes in high school.
This is really a great demand to all teachers because we can only
comply with what the curriculum requires. Producing non-readers is
not acceptable and is considered a failure on the part of the teacher.
The distribution of time for each learning area should be reconsidered
because this is what our learners need at the moment.

When it comes to each subject, the topics should be lessens because


according to my research, the evaluation showed that an overcrowded
curriculum results in students’ poor performance. Students need more
time in Science and Mathematics. Our students are deficient in reading
ability and have not yet developed higher order thinking skills in
higher grade level.

There is a danger of reverting back to illiteracy if the student drops out


even before completing Grade VI. Teachers should all be aware of this
and try to act now before it is too late.

Our country ranked 48th among 63 countries in the IMD’s 2022 World
Competitiveness Yearbook (WCY), but remained the least competitive
placing 13th among the 14 Asia-Pacific economies in the index for the
fifth straight year. The Philippines ended up at the bottom of the list of
competitive countries in the Asia-Pacific region. Our country has
improved but still at the bottom of Asian countries. The result showing
that we really have problems in our educational system.

27

2. What curriculum models do you prefer? Why?

Answer:

I personally prefer the learner-centered design model, particularly


the experience-centered because I want to give activities to my
students which they are comfortable with and when they are
proficient with their strengths, the next step is to take them out of
their comfort zone to test their weaknesses and provide experiences
for them to overcome these things.

My Reflections/ My Insights
Subject-Centered Problem-Centered
Design Model Design Model

 Easy access to  It is a unique design


resource materials  Various problems are
given emphasis
 It is the most familiar  Focuses on real life
design experiences of the
learner
 Easy to deliver  Aims for social
betterment
 Aims for mastery in  Includes the common
every subject needs and concerns
of the learner on a
 Provides a solid deeper level or
foundation for the beyond the subject
next level
Learner-Centered
Design Model

 Recognizes the importance of the learner in the


curriculum
 Cognitive, affective and psychomotor development is
emphasized
 Develops interpersonal skills
 Stresses the development of positive self-concept

What do I like best in 28


these curriculum
designs?

My Portfolio
Make an illustration of any of the three curriculum design models. Be sure to
incorporate the salient features of the design.

Why I Like All 3 Designs

Just like with the methods and strategies, there is also no single best
Curriculum Design because the designs are all needed for each characteristic
of a learner to be improved. The development of a child cannot rely on only one
of the designs. They all work well in combination to serve the needs of the
students better.

First, I want to state why I like the subject-centered design. This design
is easy to deliver because the materials or the textbooks will be the guide of the
teacher. This design is the most familiar to everyone. This is also a strong
foundation for the implementation of the other designs in class. It serves as the
students’ background knowledge of a subject. So when other designs such as
problem-centered and learner-centered are implemented the student will easily
adapt to them.

Second is the problem-centered design. This is suitable for the higher


level students since this is the time when they need to start being mature
people, stop daydreaming and face reality. The issues they will be facing when
they graduate and become workers will be much bigger so it’s a good time to
practice in school by starting to face the problems they encounter in their life
and how to solve or overcome them.

Though I said in the title that I like them all, the learner-centered design
is what I like the best. Teachers have it hard because they are supposed to
correct mistakes but we have to be ready of the consequences as students may
take it the wrong way and stop participating. We must find ways of dealing with
errors because the path to fluency must include a lot of mistakes. The only way
to make no mistakes is to say nothing and one will never learn anything that
way.

As much as possible I want my future students to be active. Rather than


showing them that I’m the one in the room with wisdom, I would like them to
feel that they are welcome to speak their mind in my class without the fear of
embarrassment. I want my students to be confident while reciting or reporting.
In any activity, my dream is for everyone to participate and learn by doing
things they haven’t done before as a result, making them grow not by size but
by heart and mind.

29

FS4
FIELD STUDY
Exploring the Curriculum

Episode 5

WHAT’S THE BASIC OF THE CURRICULUM?


Name of FS Student Porferia P. Malacat______________________________
Course BTVTED Year & Section IV ___
Resource Teacher Mrs. Victoria L. Tapayan______ Signature ___________ Date _______
Cooperating School Bacong Central School ___________
My Target
At the end of this activity, I should be able to cite the dimensions of
curriculum design.

My Performance (How I Will Be Rated)


Field Study 4, Episode 5 – what’s the basic of the curriculum?
Focused on: Cite the dimensions of curriculum design.
EXEMPLARY SUPERIOR SATISFACTORY UNSATISFACTORY
TASKS
4 3 2 1
All tasks were All or nearly all Nearly all tasks Fewer than half of
done with tasks were done were done with tasks were done;
outstanding with high quality acceptable or most objectives
Observation/
quality; work quality met but with poor
Documentation:
exceeds quality
expectations
4 3 2 1
Analysis Analysis Analysis Analysis questions
questions were questions were questions were were not
answered answered not answered answered
completely; in completely completely
depth answers Grammar and
Clear
thoroughly Vaguely related spelling
My Analysis connection with
grounded on to the theories unsatisfactory
theories
theories
Exemplary Grammar and Grammar and 1
grammar and spelling are spelling
spelling superior acceptable 30
4 3 2

Reflection Reflection Reflection Reflection


statements are statements are statements are statements are
profound and clear, but not shallow; unclear and
clear, supported clearly supported by shallow and are
by experiences supported by experiences not supported by
My Reflection
from the experiences from the experiences from
episode from the episode the episode
episode

4 3 2 1
My Portfolio Portfolio is Portfolio is Portfolio is Portfolio has many
complete, clear, complete, clear, incomplete; lacking
well-organized well-organized supporting components; is
and all and most documentation unorganized and
supporting supporting is organized but unclear
documentation documentation is lacking
are located in are available
sections clearly and/or in logical
designated and clearly
marked
locations.
4 3 2 1
Before deadline On deadline A day after the Two days or more
Submission deadline after the deadline
4 3 2 1

Over-all Score Rating:


(Based on
transmutation)

____________________________________ ___________________________
Signature of FS Teacher Date
above Printed Name

Transmutation of score to grade/rating

Score Grade Score Grade


20 - 1.0 - 99 12-13 - 2.50 - 81
18-19 - 1.25 - 96 11 - 2.75 - 78
17 - 1.5 - 93 10 - 3.00 - 75
16 - 1.75 - 90 8-9 - 3.5 - 72
15 - 2.00 - 87 7-below - 5.00 - below
14 - 2.25 - 84

31

My Map

To hit my target, I must do the following task.

Give
Identify
some
Examine the
situation
a dimensio
samples
curriculu ns of the
of each
m curriculu
dimensio
m design
n
My Tools

Borrow a curriculum from the school near your place. Accomplish the samples to show the
dimensions of curriculum design.

BASIC
Equiptable assignment of content, time, experiences and other elements.

Write the contents in one (1) subject are for the first grading period.

Earth Science is one year introductory course for basic earth


science, offers three times a weak to first year high school students
science high schools.

First Grading Period

INTRODUCTION
A. Branches of Earth Science
B. Realms of the Earth.
I. Meteorology
1. Elements of Weather
2. Earth’s Atmosphere
3. Biogeochemical Cycle
4. Weather conditions in the Philippines

32

ARTICULATION
VERTICAL ARTICULATION

Write a sample of content of one (1) topic in a subject are from level
to level or grade to grade.

GRADE 1 GRADE 2 GRADE 3

1.1 Add and Subtract 2.1 Add and Subtract 3.1 Apply arithmetic
integers Decimals operations to solve
problems
1.2 Multiply and Divide 2.2 Multiply and Divide 3.2 Apply Arithmetic
Integers decimals operations to Fractions
2.3 recognize Negative 3.3 Define Rational and
Numbers Irrational Numbers
3.4 Understand Basic Rules
of Exponents

HORIZONTAL ARTICULATION

Association happens among or between elements that happens at the


same time.

Example:

Social Studies in grade six are related to science in grade six.

The contents, topics, learning experience and organizing


SCOPE threads of an educational plan.

Write sample topics in a subject area.

1. General Subject: History of Western Music


Specific Topic: Renaissance musical instruments
2. Module 1 Curriculum : Concepts, nature and purposes\
Lesson 1. Concepts, Nature and purposes of curriculum
Lesson 2. Elements/Components of Curriculum\
Lesson3. Teaching learning process and curriculum
development

33

SEQUENCE Content and experiences are arranged in a hierarchical


order.

Write a topic arranged from simple to complex.

Main Lesson: Bloom’s Taxonomy

I. Knowledge IV. Analysis


a. definition a. definition
b. sample verds b. sample verds
c. sample behaviors c. sample behaviors
II. Comprehension V. Synthesis
a. definition a. definition
b. sample verds b. sample verds
c. sample behaviors c. sample behaviors
III. Application VI. Evalaution
a. definition a. definition
b. sample verds b. sample verds
c. sample behaviors c. sample behaviors
INTEGRATION Everything is integrated and interconnected.

In the basic Education Curriculum (BEC) a cluster of subjects is


assigned under MAKABAYAN. These include among others, Social
Studies, Physical Education, Health and HELE. In its implementation,
MAKABAYAN subjects may choose to have a common theme.

Vertical repetition and recurring approaches of the


Continuity content provide continuity.

Examples of topics in a subject area where content is organized in a spiral


fashion increasing in breadth and depth.

For example in English, the topic is part of


speech. So, to discuss all the parts of speech, you
should organize first the first part of speech to be
discussed. Example, here are the sequence, discuss
first the noun, followed by pronoun, next is verb,
followed by adjective and so forth.

34

My Analysis

1. Why is there a need to articulate the lessons from


grade school to high school?

Answer:

There is a need to articulate the lessons from grade


school to high school because this can provide for a
continuous flow of knowledge. There must be
consistency and fluency during this period of transition.
In addition to that, educators must be sure to provide
the conceptual base and experiences needed so that
students will be able to understand new and more
difficult concepts. Research also has verified the
importance of building on student’s prior knowledge
when helping them learn new concepts.

My Reflections/ My Insights
As a teacher, I need to understand fully well the
dimensions of curriculum design because…

Answer:

This is really needed when you are in the teaching


profession. This must be followed to avoid confusion in
the part of the students. The teacher should be aware
of these things so that whenever/whatever schools she
will be assigned, she had already had the knowledge
about the dimensions of curriculum design. And in
order for her to also understand the curriculum she
belongs, for her to respect the curriculum of the
school that she presently teaching.

35

My Portfolio

Make a curricular web to illustrate that content in the curriculum


has no boundary.
36

FS4
FIELD STUDY
Exploring the Curriculum

Episode 6

TELL ME YOUR FEATURES

Name of FS Student Porferia P. Malacat______________________________


Course BTVTED Year & Section IV ___
Resource Teacher Mrs. Victoria L. Tapayan______ Signature ___________ Date _______
Cooperating School Bacong Central School ___________

My Target
At the end of this activity, I should be able to enumerate the six (6)
features of a curriculum.
My Performance (How I Will Be Rated)

Field Study 4, Episode 6 – Tell Me Your Features


Focused on: The six (6) features of a curriculum.
EXEMPLARY SUPERIOR SATISFACTORY UNSATISFACTORY
TASKS
4 3 2 1
All tasks were All or nearly all Nearly all tasks Fewer than half of
done with tasks were done were done with tasks were done;
outstanding with high quality acceptable or most objectives
Observation/
quality; work quality met but with poor
Documentation:
exceeds quality
expectations
4 3 2 1
Analysis Analysis Analysis Analysis questions
questions were questions were questions were were not
answered answered not answered answered
completely; in completely completely
depth answers Grammar and
Clear
thoroughly Vaguely related spelling
My Analysis connection with
grounded on to the theories unsatisfactory
theories
theories
Exemplary Grammar and Grammar and 1
grammar and spelling are spelling
spelling superior acceptable 37
4 3 2
Reflection Reflection Reflection Reflection
statements are statements are statements are statements are
profound and clear, but not shallow; unclear and
clear, supported clearly supported by shallow and are
My Reflection by experiences supported by experiences not supported by
from the experiences from the experiences from
episode from the episode the episode
episode
4 3 2 1
Portfolio is Portfolio is Portfolio is Portfolio has many
complete, clear, complete, clear, incomplete; lacking
well-organized well-organized supporting components; is
and all and most documentation unorganized and
supporting supporting is organized but unclear
documentation documentation is lacking
My Portfolio
are located in are available
sections clearly and/or in logical
designated and clearly
marked
locations.
4 3 2 1
Before deadline On deadline A day after the Two days or more
Submission deadline after the deadline
4 3 2 1
Over-all Score Rating:
(Based on
transmutation)

____________________________________ ___________________________
Signature of FS Teacher Date
above Printed Name

Transmutation of score to grade/rating

Score Grade Score Grade

20 - 1.0 - 99 12-13 - 2.50 - 81


18-19 - 1.25 - 96 11 - 2.75 - 78
17 - 1.5 - 93 10 - 3.00 - 75
16 - 1.75 - 90 8-9 - 3.5 - 72
15 - 2.00 - 87 7-below - 5.00 - below
14 - 2.25 - 84

38

My Map

To get on task, I should know the answers to these questions.

teaches?

do teachers teach?

do teachers teach?

do teachers teach?

much of the teachers?


lessons were learned?
39

My Tools

Interview a teacher in the school you visited and inquire how they have utilized
their parents as school partners in education.
Effective parental involvement in school affairs may
be linked to parent educational programs which is
central to high quality educational experiences of the
children.

The parents become part of the environment of


leaning at home. Parents follow up the lesson of their
children especially in basic education.

Parents provide curriculum materials that are not


provided in the schools.

They provide permission for their children to


participate in various activities outside the school
campus.

In most cases parents associations have strengthen


the curriculum by giving support to various activities
and assisting in the accomplishment of the school’s
curriculum.

40

My Analysis
1. As a future teacher, I need to know and understand the six (6) features of
the curriculum because...

It will help me in achieving my dream and every


teacher’s duty which is to become an effective persona in
delivering a holistic learning. The six features made uo
the curriculum. This simply implies that even one
My Reflections/ My Insights

Answer:

Teachers are the most crucial persons in the


implementation of the curriculum. He/she holds the key in
operationalizing what activities have been planned. With the
full support of the principal, supervisor and other school
administrators, the teachers who are empowered will be
able to select, organize carry out and evaluate learning
experiences.

Teachers shape the school curriculum by sharing


experiences that they have and the resources they are
capable of giving or imparting to the learners.

41

My Portfolio
Make two (2) posters/placards on the features/approaches of the
curriculum.
42
43

FS4
FIELD STUDY
Exploring the Curriculum

Episode 7
THE WH- OF THE CURRICULUM
Name of FS Student Porferia P. Malacat______________________________
Course BTVTED Year & Section IV ___
Resource Teacher Mrs. Victoria L. Tapayan______ Signature ___________ Date _______
Cooperating School Bacong Central School ___________

My Target
At the end of this activity, I should be able to identify the contribution of
students in enhancing and assessing the curriculum.

My Performance (How I Will Be Rated)

Field Study 4, Episode 7 – The Wh- of the curriculum


Focused on: The concepts, nature and purposes of the curriculum and how these are translated
into the school community.
EXEMPLARY SUPERIOR SATISFACTORY UNSATISFACTORY
TASKS
4 3 2 1
Observation/ All tasks were All or nearly all Nearly all tasks Fewer than half of
Documentation: done with tasks were done were done with tasks were done;
outstanding with high quality acceptable or most objectives
quality; work quality met but with poor
exceeds quality
expectations
4 3 1
2
My Analysis Analysis Analysis Analysis Analysis questions
questions were questions were questions were were not
answered answered not answered answered
completely; in completely completely
depth answers Grammar and
thoroughly Clear Vaguely related spelling
grounded on connection with to the theories unsatisfactory
theories theories
Exemplary Grammar and
grammar and Grammar and spelling 44
spelling spelling are acceptable
superior

4 3 2 1
My Reflection Reflection Reflection Reflection Reflection
statements are statements are statements are statements are
profound and clear, but not shallow; unclear and
clear, supported clearly supported by shallow and are
by experiences supported by experiences not supported by
from the experiences from the experiences from
episode from the episode the episode
episode 1
4 2
3
My Portfolio Portfolio is Portfolio is Portfolio is Portfolio has many
complete, clear, complete, clear, incomplete; lacking
well-organized well-organized supporting components; is
and all and most documentation unorganized and
supporting supporting is organized but unclear
documentation documentation is lacking
are located in are available
sections clearly and/or in logical
designated and clearly
marked
locations. 2 1
4 3
Submission Before deadline On deadline A day after the Two days or more
deadline after the deadline
4 3 2 1

Over-all Score Rating:


(Based on
transmutation)

____________________________________ ___________________________
Signature of FS Teacher Date
above Printed Name

Transmutation of score to grade/rating

Score Grade Score Grade

20 - 1.0 - 99 12-13 - 2.50 - 81


18-19 - 1.25 - 96 11 - 2.75 - 78
17 - 1.5 - 93 10 - 3.00 - 75
16 - 1.75 - 90 8-9 - 3.5 - 72
15 - 2.00 - 87 7-below - 5.00 - below
14 - 2.25 - 84
45

My Map
To attain my target, I should do the following:

1. Identify the various


implementations of the 2. State the role of
the curriculum. technology in the 3. Explain the
delivering the different ways
46

My Tools

1. Explain ways on how to effectively implement the curriculum.


Interview the school administrator/principal.
Parents:
by supporting Learner:
their children to by being a good
engage in follower of the
whatever rules of a
activities of curriculum.
curriculum.

Curriculum
Administrators: Implentation Faculty Menbers:
by making rules
by having unity to
and regualtions
each other. teach
that will help the
the children the
children to be
Do's and Don'ts.
better personds.

Other Community
Stakeholders: Members:
help the they are partners
curriculum to be of the school.
more effective for They give also
the improvement support to the
of it. school.

47

2. Visit the Learning Resource Center of a school. Interview the


media/learning resource staff. How does technology help in delivery the
curriculum?
Technology has great role in delivering the curriculum
especially on today’s age. Day to day discussions are
becoming easy through the use of technology. Also,
recording or keeping the results of evaluation had
become relatively handy. In the classroom context,
instead of the traditional/chalkboard discussion,
Powerpoint presentations are used thus, making the
learning enjoyable as well as interactive.

3. Interview a faculty member or an administrator. Ask what criteria they


use in evaluating their school curriculum.

The objectives of the curriculum or teaching plan are the


most important curriculum criteria.

I’ve asked one faculty member, he said that to evaluate the


curriculum, we should follow the following criteria in a
form of questions as follows:

a. Are the goals of the curriculum achievable and does


it leads to competitiveness of the learners, local and
abroad.
b. Do the resources of the school enough to implement
a curriculum?
c. Do the students take part in the school curriculum
implementation?
d. Do some of the planned goals relate to the society or
the community in which the curriculum will be
implemented or teaching will be done?
e. Do some of the planned goals relate to the individual
learners and his/her need, purposes, interest and
abilities.

48

My Portfolio

Write an acronym for curriculum assessment.


A Approach to Instruction

S Systematically Plan

S Syntactic Correctness

E Evolving Continuosly

S Supplantive

S Sequence is Logical

M Maximum Provision

E Educational Quality

N Need are Reflected

T Thoughtful Process

49

FS4
FIELD STUDY
Exploring the Curriculum
Episode 8

WHAT’S NEW IN THE CURRICULUM?


Name of FS Student Porferia P. Malacat______________________________
Course BTVTED Year & Section IV ___
Resource Teacher Mrs. Victoria L. Tapayan______ Signature ___________ Date _______
Cooperating School Bacong Central School ___________

My Target
At the end of this activity, I should be able to discuss different curricular
issues and concerns.

My Performance (How I Will Be Rated)

Field Study 4, Episode 8 – What’s New in the Curriculum?


Focused on: Curricular issues and concerns
EXEMPLARY SUPERIOR SATISFACTORY UNSATISFACTORY
TASKS
4 3 2 1
All tasks were All or nearly all Nearly all tasks Fewer than half of
done with tasks were done were done with tasks were done;
outstanding with high quality acceptable or most objectives
Observation/
quality; work quality met but with poor
Documentation:
exceeds quality
expectations
4 3 2 1
Analysis Analysis Analysis Analysis questions
questions were questions were questions were were not
answered answered not answered answered
completely; in completely completely
depth answers Grammar and
Clear
thoroughly Vaguely related spelling
connection with
My Analysis grounded on to the theories unsatisfactory
theories
theories
Exemplary Grammar and Grammar and 1
grammar and spelling are spelling
spelling superior acceptable
50
4 3 2
My Reflection Reflection Reflection Reflection Reflection
statements are statements are statements are statements are
profound and clear, but not shallow; unclear and
clear, supported clearly supported by shallow and are
by experiences supported by experiences not supported by
from the experiences from the experiences from
episode from the episode the episode
episode
4 3 2 1
Portfolio is Portfolio is Portfolio is Portfolio has many
complete, clear, complete, clear, incomplete; lacking
well-organized well-organized supporting components; is
and all and most documentation unorganized and
supporting supporting is organized but unclear
documentation documentation is lacking
My Portfolio
are located in are available
sections clearly and/or in logical
designated and clearly
marked
locations.
4 3 2 1
Before deadline On deadline A day after the Two days or more
Submission deadline after the deadline
4 3 2 1

Over-all Score Rating:


(Based on
transmutation)

____________________________________ ___________________________
Signature of FS Teacher Date
above Printed Name

Transmutation of score to grade/rating

Score Grade Score Grade

20 - 1.0 - 99 12-13 - 2.50 - 81


18-19 - 1.25 - 96 11 - 2.75 - 78
17 - 1.5 - 93 10 - 3.00 - 75
16 - 1.75 - 90 8-9 - 3.5 - 72
15 - 2.00 - 87 7-below - 5.00 - below
14 - 2.25 - 84

51

My Map
To attain my target, I should do the following:
3. Write insights/reflections on these
innovations.

2. Interview faculty members on the merits and demerits


of these innovations.

1. Visit DepEd or interview school


administrators on various curricular
issues and concerns

52

My Enriching Activities
Select one innovation and complete the discussion web below. Interview
Education students to get their ideas on curricular innovations.
YES NO

• The world is changing so Do we really • DEPED must first solve


there’s a need to innovate to the lack of classrooms,
need to innovate? furniture and equipment,
fit with the new needs of the
society. (K + 12) qualified teachers, and
error free text books.
• International test results
consistently show Filipino • The drop rates will
lagging way behind increase because of extra
practically in education. two years.

My Conclusions
One of the greatest curricular innovations as of today in the educational
system of the Philippines is the K-12 curriculum. It’s a new system in
which it follows the principle that the child is the center of learning;
thus, using the progressivist point of view and eliminating or reducing
the role of the teacher as the only main source of knowledge.

In this new curriculum, the teacher had become the facilitator of


learning. It’s a curriculum that decongest, the educational system which
gave way to more competitive learners in local and abroad.

I firmly believe that the K-12 program has its own pros and cons, and
yes, we really need to innovate and improve the new system, and to
change for a better not for worst. We innovate to come up with which is
something new, more pleasant, and to improve the quality of teaching
here in our country.

53

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