Topic: I

REVISED IMPLEMENTING RULES AND REGULATIONS OF THE NATIONAL

SERVICE TRAINING PROGRAM (NSTP)

Pursuant to Section 12 of Republic Act No. 9163 otherwise known as the National Service Training
Program (NSTP) Act of 2001, the Commission on Higher Education (CHED), Technical Education and Skills
Development Authority (TESDA), and Department of National Defense (DND), in consultation with concerned
government agencies, the Philippine Association of State Universities and Colleges (PASUC), Coordinating
Council of Private Educational Associations of the Philippines (COCOPEA), Non-Government Organizations
(NGOs) and recognized student organizations, hereby jointly issue, adapt and promulgate the following
implementing rules and regulations to implement the provisions of the Act.

Rule I
GUIDING PRINCIPLES

Section 1. Guiding Principle. While it is the prime duty of the government to serve and protect its citizens, in
turn it shall be the responsibility of all citizens to defend the security and promote the general welfare of the State,
and in fulfillment thereof, the government may require each citizen to render personal military or civil service.

Section 2. Role of the Youth

a. In recognition of the vital role of the youth in nation building, the State shall promote civic consciousness
among them and shall develop their physical, moral, spiritual, intellectual and social well- being. It shall inculcate
the ideals of patriotism, nationalism, and advance their involvement in public and civic affairs.

b. As the most valuable resource of the nation, they shall be motivated, trained, organized and
involved in military, literacy, civic welfare programs and other similar endeavors in the service of the nation.

Rule II

DEFINITION OF TERMS

Section 3. As used in this Implementing Rules and Regulations (IRR), the following terms shall mean:

a. “National Service Training Program’’ (NSTP) – refers to the program aimed at enhancing civic
consciousness and defense preparedness in the youth, by developing the ethics of service and patriotism
while undergoing training in any of the three(3) Program components, specifically designed to enhance
the youth’s active contribution to the general welfare;

b. “‘Reserve Officers’ Training Corps’’ (ROTC) – refers to the Program component, institutionalized under
Sections 38 and 39 of Republic Act No. 7077, designed to provide military training to tertiary level
students in order to motivate, train, organize and mobilize them for national defense preparedness.

c. “Literacy Training Service’’ (LTS) – refers to the Program component designed to train the students to
teach literacy and numeracy skills to school children, out-of-school youths and other segments of society
in need of their services;

d. “Civic Welfare Training Service’’ (CWTS) – refers to the Program component or activities contributory to
the general welfare and the betterment of life for the members of the community or the enhancement of
its facilities, especially those devoted to improving health, education, environment,
entrepreneurship, safety, recreation and moral of the citizenry and other social welfare services;

e. “Program Component’’ – refers to the service components of NSTP as defined herein;

f. “Clustering’’ – refers to the grouping of students enrolled to different schools and taking up the same
NSTP component into one (1) group under the management and supervision of a designated school;

g. “Cross Enrollment’’ – refers to a system of enrolment where a student is officially enrolled in an

academic program of an origin school but is allowed to enrol in the NSTP component of another
accepting school; and

h. “Non-Government Organization’’ (NGO) – refers to any private organization duly accredited by CHED or
recognized by TESDA.

i. “Student Cadet”- refers to the student enrolled in the ROTC Component

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 Rule III

PROGRAM IMPLEMENTATION

Section 4. Coverage

a. All incoming freshmen students, male and female, starting School Year (SY) 2002-2003, enrolled in any
baccalaureate and in at least two (2) year technical-vocational or associate courses, are required to complete one
(1) NSTP component of their choice, as a graduation requirement.

The above provision however does not cover the following:

a.1 Students who finished or graduated from a baccalaureate degree or two year technical-
vocational or associate course and pursuing or enrolled in another or additional baccalaureate degree
or two-year technical-vocational or associate course in SY 2003-2004, and;

a.2 Students who completed any of the three NSTP component but considered freshmen to the
course
where they transferred or shifted.

a.3 Foreign students or aliens.

b. All higher educational institutions including State Universities and Colleges (SUCs) and technical-
vocational education institutions must offer upon enrolment, all the three (3) NSTP components. (However,) State
Universities and Colleges (SUCs) are required to provide and maintain the ROTC component.

c. Program of study (syllabus) and enrolment forms shall bear the “NSTP” without stating therein the three
components. There shall be an orientation for all NSTP enrolees to be jointly conducted by the ROTC, CWTS,
and LTS coordinators/implementers. Students enrolled in the first semester of the freshman year shall be made to
undergo a common module phase for 25 hours training; drug education; disaster awareness, preparedness and
management; environmental protection; and other national security concerns. Upon completion of the common
module phase, the student must select the specific NSTP program component that he/she will pursue.

d. The Philippine Military Academy (PMA), Philippine Merchant Marine Academy (PMMA), Philippine
National Police Academy (PNPA) is exempted from the NSTP in view of the special character of these
institutions. Other State Universities and Colleges of similar nature will be exempted subject to approval of the
Department of National Defense.

e. Private Higher Educational Institutions (HEIs) and technical vocational education institutions with at least
350 student cadets, must establish/maintain a Department of Military Science and Tactics (DMST), subject to
existing rules and regulations. DMST previously approved and activated shall retain the status regardless of the
number of cadets. However, for DMST that has been created after approval of this IRR, there must be a
minimum of 350 cadets. In cases where the number of cadets will be lesser than 350 clustering or ROTCU will be
undertaken with ROTCU of the State University and Colleges within the nearest environ with the lead role.

Section 5. Program Components

a. The NSTP shall have the following components which the students can choose from as defined in Rule II,
Section 3 hereof: The Reserve Officers Training Corps (ROTC), Literacy Training Service (LTS), and Civic
Welfare Training Service (CWTS).

b. All program components; the ROTC in particular, shall give emphasis on citizenship training and
shall instill patriotism, moral virtues, respect for the rights of civilians and adherence to the Constitution.

c. The CHED, TESDA in consultation with the DND, and PASUC, COCOPEA and other concerned
government agencies, may design and implement such other non-military training components as may be
necessary in consonance with the provisions of R.A. 9163.

d. Within thirty (30) days from the approval of this revised IRR, the CHED, TESDA, and the DND
shall jointly issue the minimum standards for the three (3) NSTP components which shall form part of these
guidelines.

Section 6. Duration and Equivalent Course Unit

a. Each of the aforementioned NSTP components shall be undertaken for an academic period of two (2)
semesters. It shall be credited for three (3) units per semester, for fifty-four (54) to ninety (90) training
hours per semester.

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 b. A One (1) Summer Program (OSP) in lieu of the two (2) semester program may be designed, formulated
and adopted by the DND, CHED and TESDA, subject to the capability of the school and the AFP to
handle the same.

c. Earned NSTP units shall not be included in the computation of Grade Point Average (GPA) grades

d. of college graduating students.

Section 7. Clustering and Cross-Enrollment

a. Clustering of students from different education institutions during semestral or summer periods may be
done for any of the NSTP component, taking into account logistics, branch of service and geographical
locations. The host school shall be responsible in managing the Program.

b. The school must allow any NSTP student to cross-enroll in any CHED/TESDA
c. recognized institution. In cases that enrolment of ROTC Cadets is less than 350 then, the provisions of
clustering in Section 7 of NSTP IRR (RA9163) should be followed.

d. Students intending to cross-enroll shall be subject to the existing rules and regulations of the school
e. of origin and the accepting school.

Section 8. Monitoring and Evaluation

A. Management

a.1 The school authorities shall exercise academic and administrative supervision over the design,
formulation, adoption and spective schools, Subject to the provision of this IRR.

a.2 There should be an NSTP Office in each school, college, or university headed by an NSTP
Director or its equivalent position responsible for the implementation of the Program. Each of the NSTP
components is considered a distinct and/or separate unit under the NSTP office, and the head of the unit
shall report directly to the NSTP Director or its equivalent position

a.3 A functional chart of the NSTP Office shall be structured based on the capability of the institution
to sustain the component program being offered based on the number of enrollees.

a.4 In the case of ROTC, the school authorities and DND, subject to the policies, regulations and
program of DND on the military component of the training, shall exercise joint supervision over its
implementation.

a.5 NGOs contracted by the school must secure a joint accreditation from CHED, DND and TESDA
to formulate and administer training modules for CWTS and LTS component. CHED, DND and TESDA shall
jointly exercise such academic and administrative supervision with those NGOs. Within forty five (45) days
from approval and issuance of this IRR, the CHED, TESDA and DND shall issue the necessary guidelines
for the accreditation of non-government organizations (NGOs) and training modules to be utilized by these
NGOs.

a.6 The DND shall formulate and administer training modules for the ROTC Program.

B. Monitoring

b.1 An NSTP Joint Committee at provincial, regional and national level shall be created by Tripartite
agreement for monitoring all the program components. In the various institutions.

b.2 CHED/TESDA Regional Offices, and DND-AFP (through the Major Service Reserve Commands), shall
oversee and monitor the implementation of the NSTP under their respective jurisdiction, to determine if the
trainings conducted are in consonance with the Act. These offices shall submit periodic reports to the NSTP
Joint Coordinating Committee.

b.3 An Annual NSTP Performance Evaluation (ANPE) shall be conducted towards the end of the
school year to evaluate and determine the achievement of training objective of the NSTP three components
program.

CHED, TESDA and DND (through Major Service Reserve Commands) shall formulate respective
evaluation parameters on program administration and implementation which shall jointly form part of the minimum
standards.

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 b.4 At the end of every school year, the Higher Education Institution shall submit an Annual Report to
the CHED Regional Office copy furnished the Office of the Student Services in electronic template, indicating
the following

b.4.1 Names who finished under each NSTP component,

b.4.2 The programs, projects and activities undertaken with pictorials and documentation as much as
possible, and

b.4.3 Financial statements on the funds collected, allocated and utilized.

The annual report on NSTP by the university or college shall be made available to faculty, students and the
general public in the NSTP Office.

In regions with universities and colleges having two or more campuses, the university concerned shall consolidate
the report before submission to CHED Regional Offices.

b.5 In cases of violations of guidelines, warnings and/or sanctions shall be imposed to schools and
accredited NGOs pursuant to pertinent rules and regulations.

Rule IV

FEES AND INCENTIVES

Section 9. Fees

a. No fees shall be collected for any of the NSTP components except basic tuition which should not be more
than fifty (50%) percent of the charges of the school per academic unit. NSTP tuition collected shall
constitute a Trust Fund, which shall be exclusively used for the operation of the Program.

b. The NSTP fees collected shall constitute a Trust Fund, 70% of which shall be exclusively used for the
operation of the Program. The remaining 30% retained by the school shall serve as contingency fund
especially in support to un-programmed activities not originally included in the program of expenditures
prepared by the ROTC Commandant or CWTS/LTS Coordinator and approved by the school head.

c. NSTP funds derived from NSTP-related operations shall serve as augmentation to sustain un-
Programmed activities of the NSTP.

d. The unexpected fund balance shall be carried over to the next semester, provided however, NSTP funds
shall not be converted into savings at the expense of the proper implementation of the program.

e. Subsidies from the government, any legal agency or institution appropriated for NSTP shall be included
in the preparation of the program of expenditure and report on the utilization of funds.
Expenditures/disbursement shall be subjected to periodic audits by the proper school authorities and
concerned NSTP Offices.

f. NSTP Component (ROTC/CWTS/LTS) coordinators shall submit a comprehensive report on the

utilization of the NSTP Funds to their respective NSTP Directors two (2) weeks after the end of every
semester. ROTC Commandants shall submit the same report to their respective Major Service Reserve
Commands.

g. The NSTP Director or its equivalent shall submit a consolidated comprehensive report on the utilization of
the NSTP Funds by program component to the school head, within 30 calendar days after the end of
every semester.

h. Rental space of school and other similar expenses shall not be charged to NSTP.

Section 10. Incentive, Insurance and Protection

A. Incentives

A program of assistance/incentives for ROTC students shall be provided and administered by DND, in
accordance with existing laws and regulations and subject to the availability of funds.
A special Scholarship Program and other forms of assistance and incentives for qualified NSTP students shall be
administered by CHED and TESDA, with funds for the purpose to be included in the annual regular appropriations
of the two agencies to the availability of funds.
The college or university may provide scholarship and other forms of assistance and incentives to qualified and
deserving NSTP students, the funding of which shall come from available NSTP funds of the school.

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Personnel involved in the NSTP shall be provided honorarium and other incentives based on the standard policy
set forth by the HEIs.

B. Insurance and Protection

School authorities concerned, CHED and TESDA shall ensure that health and accident group insurance
are provided for students enrolled in any of the NSTP components.
Schools that already provide health and accident group insurance and collect the necessary fees for the purpose
from their students as of the effectivity of this Rules, are deemed to have complied with this requirement.
Rule V ORGANIZATION OF NSTP GRADUATES
Section 11. Organization of NSTP Graduates
a. Graduates of the non-ROTC components of the NSTP shall belong to the National Service Reserve
Corps (NSRC) and could be tapped by the State for literacy and civic welfare activities, especially in times
of calamities through the joint efforts of DND, CHED, and TESDA, in coordination with DILG, DSW D and
other concerned agencies/associations.

b. The CHED, TESDA and DND, in consultation with other concerned government and non-
government agencies, shall issue the necessary guidelines for the establishment, organization,
maintenance and utilization of the National Service Reserve Corps.
c. Graduates of the ROTC program shall form part of the Citizen Armed Force pursuant to RA 7077,
d. subject to the requirements of DND.

Rule VI

MISCELLANEOUS PROVISIONS

Section 12. Certificate of Completion

Certificate of Completion with corresponding serial number issued by CHED, TESDA or DND, shall be
awarded to students who have successfully complied with the program requirements.

Section 13. Information Dissemination

The CHED, TESDA and DND shall provide information on these Act and IRR to all concerned publics through
different modes of disseminating information.

Section 14. Amendatory Clause

a. Section 35 of Commonwealth act No. 1, Executive Order No. 207 of 1939, Section 2 and 3 of presidential
Decree No. 1706, and Sections 38 and 39 of Republic Act No. 7077, as well as all laws, decrees, orders,
rules and regulations and other issuances inconsistent with the provisions of the Act are hereby deemed
amended and modified accordingly.

b. This Rules may be amended, modified, or replaced jointly by CHED, TESDA and DND, in consultation
with PSUC, COCOPEA, NGOs and recognized student organizations

Section 15. Reparability Clause

If any section or provisions of this IRR shall be declared unconstitutional or invalid the other sections or provisions
not affected thereby shall remain in full force and effect.

Suggested Activity:

 Quiz
 Recitation
 Essay Questions

Topic II: Philippine Constitution

What are the basic principles of 1987 Philippine Constitution?

Guiding Principles and Policies in Government.—Government power shall be exercised in accordance with the
following basic principles and policies: (sec 1, Executive Order No. 292)

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 1) The Philippines is a democratic and republican State. Sovereignty resides in the people and all
government authority emanates from them.
2) The State values the dignity of every human person and guarantees full respect for human rights.
3) Civilian authority is, at all times, supreme over the military.
4) The State shall ensure the autonomy of local governments.
5) The territorial and political subdivisions of the Republic of the Philippines are the provinces, cities,
municipalities, and barangays. There shall be autonomous regions, in accordance with the Constitution,
in Muslim Mindanao and the Cordilleras as may be provided by law.
6) The separation of Church and State shall be inviolable.
7) The right of the people and their organizations to effective and reasonable participation at all levels of
social, political, and economic decision-making shall not be abridged. The State shall, by law, facilitate
the establishment of adequate consultation mechanisms.
8) The powers expressly vested in any branch of the Government shall not be exercised by, nor delegated
to, any other branch of the Government, except to the extent authorized by the Constitution.

THE CONSTITUTION OF THE REPUBLIC OF THE PHILIPPINES

PREAMBLE

We, the sovereign Filipino people, imploring the aid of Almighty God, in order to build a just and humane
society and establish a Government that shall embody our ideals and aspirations, promote the common good,
conserve and develop our patrimony, and secure to ourselves and our posterity the blessings of independence
and democracy under the rule of law and a regime of truth, justice, freedom, love, equality, and peace, do ordain
and promulgate this Constitution.

ARTICLE I: National Territory

The national territory comprises the Philippine archipelago, with all the islands and waters embraced
therein, and all other territories over which the Philippines has sovereignty or jurisdiction, consisting of its
terrestrial, fluvial, and aerial domains, including its territorial sea, the seabed, the subsoil, the insular shelves, and
other submarine areas. The waters around, between, and connecting the islands of the archipelago, regardless of
their breadth and dimensions, form part of the internal waters of the Philippines.

ARTICLE II: Declaration of Principles and State Policies

Principles

SECTION 1. The Philippines is a democratic and republican State. Sovereignty resides in the people and all
government authority emanates from them.

SECTION 2. The Philippines renounces war as an instrument of national policy, adopts the generally accepted
principles of international law as part of the law of the land and adheres to the policy of peace, equality, justice,
freedom, cooperation, and amity with all nations.

SECTION 3. Civilian authority is, at all times, supreme over the military. The Armed Forces of the Philippines is
the protector of the people and the State. Its goal is to secure the sovereignty of the State and the integrity of the
national territory.

SECTION 4. The prime duty of the Government is to serve and protect the people. The Government may call
upon the people to defend the State and, in the fulfillment thereof, all citizens may be required, under conditions
provided by law, to render personal military or civil service.

SECTION 5. The maintenance of peace and order, the protection of life, liberty, and property, and the promotion
of the general welfare are essential for the enjoyment by all the people of the blessings of democracy.

SECTION 6. The separation of Church and State shall be inviolable.

ARTICLE III: Bill of Rights

SECTION 1. No person shall be deprived of life, liberty, or property without due process of law, nor shall any
person be denied the equal protection of the laws.

SECTION 2. The right of the people to be secure in their persons, houses, papers, and effects against
unreasonable searches and seizures of whatever nature and for any purpose shall be inviolable, and no search
warrant or warrant of arrest shall issue except upon probable cause to be determined personally by the judge
after examination under oath or affirmation of the complainant and the witnesses he may produce, and particularly
describing the place to be searched and the persons or things to be seized.

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SECTION 3. (1) The privacy of communication and correspondence shall be inviolable except upon lawful order
of the court, or when public safety or order requires otherwise as prescribed by law.

(2) Any evidence obtained in violation of this or the preceding section shall be inadmissible for any purpose in any
proceeding.

SECTION 4. No law shall be passed abridging the freedom of speech, of expression, or of the press, or the right
of the people peaceably to assemble and petition the government for redress of grievances.

SECTION 5. No law shall be made respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise
thereof. The free exercise and enjoyment of religious profession and worship, without discrimination or
preference, shall forever be allowed. No religious test shall be required for the exercise of civil or political rights.

SECTION 6. The liberty of abode and of changing the same within the limits prescribed by law shall not be
impaired except upon lawful order of the court. Neither shall the right to travel be impaired except in the interest of
national security, public safety, or public health, as may be provided by law.
SECTION 7. The right of the people to information on matters of public concern shall be recognized. Access to
official records, and to documents, and papers pertaining to official acts, transactions, or decisions, as well as to
government research data used as basis for policy development, shall be afforded the citizen, subject to such
limitations as may be provided by law.

SECTION 8. The right of the people, including those employed in the public and private sectors, to form unions,
associations, or societies for purposes not contrary to law shall not be abridged.

SECTION 9. Private property shall not be taken for public use without just compensation.

SECTION 10. No law impairing the obligation of contracts shall be passed.

SECTION 11. Free access to the courts and quasi-judicial bodies and adequate legal assistance shall not be
denied to any person by reason of poverty.

SECTION 12. (1) Any person under investigation for the commission of an offense shall have the right to be
informed of his right to remain silent and to have competent and independent counsel preferably of his own
choice. If the person cannot afford the services of counsel, he must be provided with one. These rights cannot be
waived except in writing and in the presence of counsel.

(2) No torture, force, violence, threat, intimidation, or any other means which vitiate the free will shall be used
against him. Secret detention places, solitary, incommunicado, or other similar forms of detention are prohibited.

(3) Any confession or admission obtained in violation of this or Section 17 hereof shall be inadmissible in
evidence against him.

(4) The law shall provide for penal and civil sanctions for violations of this section as well as compensation to and
rehabilitation of victims of torture or similar practices, and their families.

SECTION 13. All persons, except those charged with offenses punishable by reclusion perpetua when evidence
of guilt is strong, shall, before conviction, be bailable by sufficient sureties, or be released on recognizance as
may be provided by law. The right to bail shall not be impaired even when the privilege of the writ of habeas
corpus is suspended. Excessive bail shall not be required.

SECTION 14. (1) No person shall be held to answer for a criminal offense without due process of law.

(2) In all criminal prosecutions, the accused shall be presumed innocent until the contrary is proved, and shall
enjoy the right to be heard by himself and counsel, to be informed of the nature and cause of the accusation
against him, to have a speedy, impartial, and public trial, to meet the witnesses face to face, and to have
compulsory process to secure the attendance of witnesses and the production of evidence in his behalf. However,
after arraignment, trial may proceed notwithstanding the absence of the accused provided that he has been duly
notified and his failure to appear is unjustifiable.

SECTION 15. The privilege of the writ of habeas corpus shall not be suspended except in cases of invasion or
rebellion when the public safety requires it.

SECTION 16. All persons shall have the right to a speedy disposition of their cases before all judicial, quasi-
judicial, or administrative bodies.

SECTION 17. No person shall be compelled to be a witness against himself.

SECTION 18. (1) No person shall be detained solely by reason of his political beliefs and aspirations.

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(2) No involuntary servitude in any form shall exist except as a punishment for a crime whereof the party shall
have been duly convicted.

SECTION 19. (1) Excessive fines shall not be imposed, nor cruel, degrading or inhuman punishment inflicted.
Neither shall death penalty be imposed, unless, for compelling reasons involving heinous crimes, the Congress
hereafter provides for it. Any death penalty already imposed shall be reduced to reclusion perpetua.

(2) The employment of physical, psychological, or degrading punishment against any prisoner or detainee or the
use of substandard or inadequate penal facilities under subhuman conditions shall be dealt with by law.

SECTION 20. No person shall be imprisoned for debt or non-payment of a poll tax.

SECTION 21. No person shall be twice put in jeopardy of punishment for the same offense. If an act is punished
by a law and an ordinance, conviction or acquittal under either shall constitute a bar to another prosecution for the
same act.

SECTION 22. No ex post facto law or bill of attainder shall be enacted.

Who are the Citizens of the Philippines?

ARTICLE IV: Citizenship

SECTION 1. The following are citizens of the Philippines:

(1) Those who are citizens of the Philippines at the time of the adoption of this Constitution;

(2) Those whose fathers or mothers are citizens of the Philippines;

(3) Those born before January 17, 1973, of Filipino mothers, who elect Philippine citizenship upon reaching the
age of majority; and

(4) Those who are naturalized in accordance with law.

SECTION 2. Natural-born citizens are those who are citizens of the Philippines from birth without having to
perform any act to acquire or perfect their Philippine citizenship. Those who elect Philippine citizenship in
accordance with paragraph (3), Section 1 hereof shall be deemed natural-born citizens.

SECTION 3. Philippine citizenship may be lost or reacquired in the manner provided by law.

SECTION 4. Citizens of the Philippines who marry aliens shall retain their citizenship, unless by their act or
omission they are deemed, under the law, to have renounced it.

SECTION 5. Dual allegiance of citizens is inimical to the national interest and shall be dealt with by law.

ARTICLE V DUTIES AND OBLIGATIONS OF CITIZENS (1973 Constitution Philippines Constitution)

SECTION 1. It shall be the duty of the citizen to be loyal to the Republic and to honor the Philippine flag, to
defend the State and contribute to its development and welfare, to uphold the Constitution and obey the laws, and
to cooperate with the duly constituted authorities in the attainment and preservation of a just and orderly society.

SEC. 2. The rights of the individual impose upon him the correlative duty to exercise them responsibly and with
due regard for the rights of others.

SEC. 3. It shall be the duty of every citizen to engage in gainful work to assure himself and his family a life worthy
of human dignity.

SEC. 4. It shall be the obligation of every citizen qualified to vote to register and cast his vote.

Suggested Activity:

 Quiz
 Recitation (Preamble an Bill of Rights)
 Essay Questions

Topic III: United Nations Principles on Human Rights

Human rights are universal and inalienable; indivisible; interdependent and interrelated. They are
universal because everyone is born with and possesses the same rights, regardless of where they live, their
gender or race, or their religious, cultural or ethnic background. Inalienable because people’s rights can never be
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taken away. Indivisible and interdependent because all rights – political, civil, social, cultural and economic – are
equal in importance and none can be fully enjoyed without the others. They apply to all equally, and all have the
right to participate in decisions that affect their lives. They are upheld by the rule of law and strengthened through
legitimate claims for duty-bearers to be accountable to international standards.

Human rights is moral principles or norms that describe certain standards of human behavior, and are
regularly protected as legal rights in municipal and international law. Everyone born in this world have human
rights that must be protected by the law. According to United Nations, there are 30 basic human rights that
recognized around the world. So what are the 30 human rights according to Universal Declaration of Human
Rights by United Nations?

Basic human rights recognized around the world declared by United Nations through Universal
Declaration of Human Rights.

These declaration held by United Nations General Assembly at the Palais de Chaillot in Paris, France on
10 December 1948. Of the then 58 members of the United Nations, 48 voted in favor, none against, eight
abstained, and two did not vote. This declaration consists of 30 articles affirming an individual’s rights. Those 30
articles currently known as 30 universal declaration of human rights or 30 basic human rights, including rights to
life, rights to education, rights to organize and rights to treated fair among others things. The 30 universal human
rights also cover up freedom of opinion, expression, thought and religion.

30 human rights according to Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR) by United Nations, signed in Paris
on 10 December 1948.

1. All human beings are free and equal

All human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights. They are endowed with reason and
conscience and should act towards one another in a spirit of brotherhood.

2. No discrimination
Everyone is entitled to all the rights and freedoms, without distinction of any kind, such as race, colour, sex,
language, religion, political or other opinion, national or social origin, property, birth or other status. Furthermore,
no distinction shall be made on the basis of the political, jurisdictional or international status of the country or
territory to which a person belongs.

3. Right to life
Everyone has the right to life, liberty and security of person.

4. No slavery
No one shall be held in slavery or servitude; slavery and the slave trade shall be prohibited in all their forms.

5. No torture and inhuman treatment

No one shall be subjected to torture or to cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment.

6. Same right to use law

Everyone has the right to recognition everywhere as a person before the law.

7. Equal before the law

All are equal before the law and are entitled without any discrimination to equal protection of the law. All are
entitled to equal protection against any discrimination in violation and against any incitement to such
discrimination.

8. Right to treated fair by court

Everyone has the right to an effective remedy by the competent national tribunals for acts violating the
fundamental rights granted him by the constitution or by law.

9. No unfair detainment
No one shall be subjected to arbitrary arrest, detention or exile.

10. Right to trial

Everyone is entitled in full equality to a fair and public hearing by an independent and impartial tribunal, in the
determination of his rights and obligations and of any criminal charge against him.

11. Innocent until proved guilty

Everyone charged with a penal offence has the right to be presumed innocent until proved guilty according
to law in a public trial at which he has had all the guarantees necessary for his defence. No one shall be held
guilty of any penal offence on account of any act or omission which did not constitute a penal offence, under
national or international law, at the time when it was committed.

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12. Right to privacy
No one shall be subjected to arbitrary interference with his privacy, family, home or correspondence, nor to
attacks upon his honour and reputation. Everyone has the right to the protection of the law against such
interference or attacks.

13. Freedom to movement and residence

Everyone has the right to freedom of movement and residence within the borders of each state. Everyone
has the right to leave any country, including his own, and to return to his country.

14. Right to asylum

Everyone has the right to seek and to enjoy in other countries asylum from persecution. This right may not
be invoked in the case of prosecutions genuinely arising from non-political crimes or from acts contrary to the
purposes and principles of the United Nations.

15. Right to nationality

Everyone has the right to a nationality. No one shall be arbitrarily deprived of his nationality nor denied the
right to change his nationality

16. Rights to marry and have family

Men and women of full age, without any limitation due to race, nationality or religion, have the right to marry
and to found a family. They are entitled to equal rights as to marriage, during marriage and at its dissolution.
Marriage shall be entered into only with the free and full consent of the intending spouses. The family is the
natural and fundamental group unit of society and is entitled to protection by society and the State.

17. Right to own things

Everyone has the right to own property alone as well as in association with others. No one shall be arbitrarily
deprived of his property.

18. Freedom of thought and religion

Everyone has the right to freedom of thought, conscience and religion; this right includes freedom to change
his religion or belief, and freedom, either alone or in community with others and in public or private, to manifest his
religion or belief in teaching, practice, worship and observance.

19. Freedom of opinion and expression

Everyone has the right to freedom of opinion and expression; this right includes freedom to hold opinions
without interference and to seek, receive and impart information and ideas through any media and regardless of
frontiers.

20. Right to assemble

Everyone has the right to freedom of peaceful assembly and association. No one may be compelled to
belong to an association.

21. Right to democracy

Everyone has the right to take part in the government of his country, directly or through freely chosen
representatives. Everyone has the right of equal access to public service in his country.

22. Right to social security

Everyone, as a member of society, has the right to social security and is entitled to realization, through
national effort and international co-operation and in accordance with the organization and resources of each
State, of the economic, social and cultural rights indispensable for his dignity and the free development of his
personality.

23. Right to work

Everyone has the right to work, to free choice of employment, to just and favorable conditions of work and to
protection against unemployment. Everyone, without any discrimination, has the right to equal pay for equal work.
Everyone has the right to form and to join trade unions for the protection of his interests.

24. Right to rest and holiday

Everyone has the right to rest and leisure, including reasonable limitation of working hours and periodic
holidays with pay.

25. Right of social service

Everyone has the right to a standard of living adequate for the health and well-being of himself and of his
family, including food, clothing, and housing and medical care and necessary social services, and the right to
security in the event of unemployment, sickness, disability, widowhood, old age or other lack of livelihood in
circumstances beyond his control. Motherhood and childhood are entitled to special care and assistance. All
children shall enjoy the same social protection.

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26. Right to education
Everyone has the right to education. Education shall be free, at least in the elementary and fundamental
stages. Elementary education shall be compulsory. Technical and professional education shall be made generally
available and higher education shall be equally accessible to all on the basis of merit.

27. Right of cultural and art

Everyone has the right freely to participate in the cultural life of the community, to enjoy the arts and to share
in scientific advancement and its benefits. Everyone has the right to the protection of the moral and material
interests resulting from any scientific, literary or artistic production of which he is the author.

28. Freedom around the world

Everyone is entitled to a social and international order in which the rights and freedoms set forth in this
Declaration can be fully realized.

29. Subject to law

Everyone has duties to the community in which alone the free and full development of his personality is
possible. In the exercise of his rights and freedoms, everyone shall be subject only to such limitations as are
determined by law solely for the purpose of securing due recognition and respect for the rights and freedoms of
others and of meeting the just requirements of morality, public order and the general welfare in a democratic
society.

30. Human rights can’t be taken away

Nothing in this Declaration may be interpreted as implying for any State, group or person any right to engage
in any activity or to perform any act aimed at the destruction of any of the rights and freedoms set forth herein.

So those are all Universal Declaration of Human Rights list by United Nations General Assembly. All universal
human rights list above commonly known as 30 basic human rights that must be respected and protected by the
law.

Suggested Activity:

 Quiz
 Recitation
 Essay Questions

Topic IV: Flag Heraldic Code of the Philippines

REPUBLIC ACT NO. 8491

AN ACT PRESCRIBING THE CODE OF THE NATIONAL FLAG, ANTHEM, MOTTO, COAT-OF-ARMS AND
OTHER HERALDIC ITEMS AND DEVICES OF THE PHILIPPINES.

Be it enacted by the Senate and Home of Representatives of the Philippines in Congress assembled:

SECTION 1. Short Title — this act shall be known as the “Flag and Heraldic Code of the Philippines.”

SECTION 2. Declaration of Policy – Reverence and respect shall at all times be accorded the flag, the anthem
and other national symbols which embody the national ideals and traditions and which express the principles of
sovereignty and national solidarity. The heraldic items and devices shall seek to manifest the national virtues and
to inculcate in the minds and hearts of our people a just pride in their native land, fitting respect and affection for
the national flag and anthem, and the proper use of the national motto, coat-of-arms and other heraldic items and
devices.

SECTION 3. Definition of Terms — Whenever used in this Act, the term:

a. “Military” shall mean all branches of the Armed Forces of the Philippines including the Philippine National
Police, the Bureau of Jail Management and Penology, and the Bureau of Fire Protection;

b. “Festoon” shall mean to hang in a curved shape between two points as a decoration;

c. “Flag” shall mean the Philippine National Flag, unless stated otherwise;

d. “Fly” shall mean the part of the flag outside the hoist or length;

11
e. “Symbol” shall mean any conventional sign which reveals man’s achievement and heroism (for orders and
decorations), identification, authority and a sign of dignity (for coat-of-arms, logo and insignia);

f. “Half-Mast” shall mean lowering the flag to one-half the distance between the top and bottom of the staff;

g. “Hoist” shall mean the part of the flag nearest the staff or the canvass to which the halyard is attached;

h. “Inclement Weather” shall mean that a typhoon signal is raised in the locality;

i. “National Anthem” shall mean the Philippine National Anthem’

j. “Official Residences” shall mean Malacañang, and other government-owned structures where the President
resides, and other structures occupied by the Philippine Consulate or Embassies abroad;

k. “Places of Frivolty” shall mean places of hilarity marked by or providing boisterous merriment or recreation; and

l. “Institute” shall mean the National Historical Institute.

CHAPTER 1

THE NATIONAL FLAG

A. Design of the National Flag

SECTION 4. The flag of the Philippines shall be blue, white and red with an eight-rayed golden-yellow sun and
three five-pointed stars, as consecrated and honored by the people.

B. Hoisting and Display of the National Flag

SECTION 5. The flag shall be displayed in all public buildings, official residences public plazas, and institutions of
learning everyday throughout the year.

SECTION 6. The flag shall be permanently hoisted, day and night throughout the year, in front of the following; at
Malacanang Palace; the Congress of the Philippines building; Supreme Court building; the Rizal Monument in
Luneta, Manila; Aguinaldo Shrine in Kawit, Cavite; Barasoain Shrine in Malolos, Bulacan; the Tomb of the

Unknown Soldier, Libingan ngmga Bayani; Mausuleo de los Beteranos dela Revolucion; all International Ports of
Entry and all other places as maybe designated by the Institute.

The flag shall be properly illuminated at night.

SECTION 7. The flag shall also be displayed in private buildings and residences or raised in the open flag-staffs
in front of said buildings every April 9 (Araw ngKagitingan); May 1 (Labor Day); May 28 (National Flag Day) to
June 12 (Independence Day); last Sunday of August (National Heroes Day); November 30 (Bonifacio Day); and
December 30 (Rizal Day); and on such other days as may be declared by the President and/or local chief
executives.

The flag may also be displayed throughout the year in private buildings or offices or raised in the open on
flag-staffs in front of private buildings: Provided, that they observe flag-raising ceremonies in accordance with the
rules and regulations to be issued by the Office of the President.

SECTION 8. All government agencies and instrumentalities, and local government offices, government-owned
corporations and local government units are enjoined to observe flag day with appropriate ceremonies. Socio-
civic groups, non-government organizations and the private sector are exhorted to cooperate in making the
celebrations a success.

SECTION 9. The flag shall be flown on merchant ships of Philippine registry of more than one thousand (1000)
gross tons and on all naval vessels.

On board naval vessels, the flag shall be displayed on the flagstaff at the stern when the ship is at anchor. The
Flag shall be hoisted to the gaff at the aftermast when the ship is at sea.

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SECTION 10. The flag, if flown from a flagpole, shall have its blue field on top in time of peace and the red field
on top in time of war; if in a hanging position, the blue field shall be to the right (left of the observer) in time of
peace, and the red field to the right (left of the observer) in time of war.

The flagpole staff must be straight and slightly tapering at the top.

SECTION 11. If planted on the ground, the flagpole shall be at a prominent place and shall be of such height as
would give the flag commanding position in relation to the buildings in the vicinity.

If attached to a building, the flagpole shall be on top of its roof or anchored on a sill projecting at an angle upward.

If on stage or platform or government office, the flag shall be at the left (facing the stage) or the left of the office
upon entering.

SECTION 12. When the Philippine flag is flown with another flag, the flags, if both are national flags, must be
flown on separate staffs of the same height and shall be of equal size. The Philippine flag shall be hoisted first
and lowered last.

If the other flag is not a national flag, it may be flown in the same lineyard as the Philippine flag but below the
latter and it cannot be of greater size than the Philippine flag.

SECTION 13. When displayed with another flag, the Philippine flag shall be on the right of the other flag. If there
is a line of other flags, the Philippine flag shall be in the middle of the line.

When carried in a parade with flags, which are not national flags, the Philippine flag shall be in front of the center
of the line.

SECTION 14. A flag worn out through wear and tear shall not be thrown away. It shall be solemnly burned to
avoid misuse or desecration. The flag shall be replaced immediately when it begins to show signs of wear and
tear.

SECTION 15. The flag shall be raised at sunrise and lowered at sunset. It shall be on the mast at the start of
official’office hours, shall remain flying throughout the day.

SECTION 16. The flag may be displayed:

a. Inside or outside-a building or on a stationary flagpoles. If the flag is displayed indoors on a flagpole, it shall be
placed at the left of the observer as one enters the room;

b. From the top of a flagpole, which shall be at a prominent place or a commanding position in relation to the
surrounding buildings;

c. From a staff projecting upward from the window sill, canopy, balcony or facade of a building.

d. In a suspended position from a rope extending from a building to pole erected away from the building;

e. Flat against the wall vertically with the sun and stars on top; and

f. Hanging in a vertical position across a street, with the blue field pointing east, if the road is heading south or
north, or pointing north if the road is heading east or west.

The flag shall not be raised when the weather is inclement. If already raised, the flag shall not be lowered.

SECTION 17. The flag shall be hoisted to the top briskly and lowered ceremoniously.

The flag shall never touch anything beneath it, such as the ground, flood, water or other objects.

After being lowered, the flag shall be handled and folded solemnly as part of the ceremony.

C. Conduct of Flag Raising Ceremony

SECTION 18. All government offices and educational institutions shall henceforth observe the flag-raising
ceremony every Monday morning and the flag lowering ceremony every Friday afternoon. The ceremony shall be
simple and dignified and shall include the playing or singing of the Philippine National Anthem.

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SECTION 19. The office of the President upon the recommendation of the Institute shall issue rules and
regulations for the proper conduct of the flag ceremony.

SECTION 20. The observance of the flag ceremony in official or civic gatherings shall be simple and dignified and
shall include the playing or singing of the anthem in its original Filipino lyrics and march tempo.

SECTION 21. During the flag-raising ceremony, the assembly shall stand in formation racing the flag. At the
moment the first note of the anthem is heard, everyone in the premises shall come to attention; moving vehicles
shall stop. All persons present shall :.ace their right palms over their chests, those with hats shall uncover, while
those in military, scouting, security guard, and citizens military training uniforms shall give :.-.£ salute prescribed
by their regulations, which salute shall be completed upon the last note of the anthem.

The assembly shall sing the Philippine national anthem, accompanied by a band, r available, and at the first note,
the flag shall be raised briskly.

The same procedure shall be observed when the flag is passing in review or in parade.

SECTION 22. During the flag lowering, the flag shall be lowered solemnly and slowly so that the flag shall be
down the mast at the sound of the last note of the anthem. Those in the assembly shall observe the same
deportment or shall observe the same behavior as for the flag-raising ceremony.

D. Half-Mast

SECTION 23. The flag shall be flown at half-mast as a sign of mourning on all buildings and places where it is
displayed, as provided for in this Act, on the day of official announcement of the death of any of the following
officials:

a. The President or a former President, for ten (10) days;

b. The Vice-President, the Chief Justice, the President of the Senate, and the Speaker of the House of
Representatives, for seven (7) days; and

c. Other persons to be determined by the Institute, for any period less than seven (7) days.

The flag shall be flown at half-mast on all the buildings and places where the decedent was holding office, on the
day of death until the day of interment of an incumbent member of the Supreme Court, the Cabinet, the Senate or
the House of Representatives, and such other persons as may be determined by the Institute.

The flag when flown at half-mast shall be first hoisted to the peak for a moment then lowered to the half-mast
position. The flag shall again be raised briskly to the peak before it is lowered for the day.

E. Casket

SECTION 24. The flag may be used to cover the caskets of the honored dead of the military, veterans of previous
wars, national artists, and of civilians who have rendered distinguished service to the nation, as maybe

determined by the local government unit concerned. In such cases, the flag shall be placed such that the white
triangle shall be at the head and the blue portion shall cover the right side of the caskets. The flag shall not be
lowered to the grave or allowed to touch the ground, but shall be folded solemnly and handed over to the heirs of
the deceased.

F. Pledge to the Flag

SECTION 25. The following shall be the Pledge of Allegiance to the Philippine Flag:

Ako ay Filipino
Buong katapatang nanunumpa
Sa watawat ng Pilipinas
At sa bansang kanyang sinasagisag
Na may dangal, katarungan, at kalayaan
Na pinakikilos ng sambayanang
Maka-Diyos,
Makatao,
Makakalikasan, at
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Makabansa.

Such pledge shall be recited while standing with the right hand palm open raised shoulder high. Individuals whose
faith or religious beliefs prohibit them from making such pledge must nonetheless show full respect when the
pledge is being rendered by standing at attention.

G. Flag Days

SECTION 26. The period from May 28 to June 12 of each year is declared as Flag Days, during which period all
offices, agencies and instrumentalities of government, business establishments, institutions of learning and
private homes are enjoined to display the flag.

H. Specifications of the National Flag

SECTION 27. The flag shall have the following proportions. The width of the flag, 1; the length of the flag, 2; and
the sides of the white triangle, 1.

SECTION 28. The technical specifications shall be as follows:

The blue color shall bear Cable No. 80173; the white color, Cable No. 80001 the red color, Cable No. 80108; and
the golden yellow, Cable No. 80068.

SECTION 29. In order to establish uniform criteria in the making of our national flag and to guarantee its durability
by the use of quality materials, the following standards and procedures shall be observed:

a. All requisitions for the purchase of the Philippine National Flag must be based on strict compliance with the
deisgn, color, craftmanship and material requriements of the Government.

b. All submitted samples of flags by accredited suppliers offered for purchase for government use shall be
evaluated as to design, color and craftmanship specifications by the Institute, through its Heraldry and Display
Section, which shall stamp its approval or disapproval on the canvass reinforcement of the flag sample submitted.
The samples shall be sent to the Institute by the requisitioning office, not by the flag supplier; and

c. The Industrial Technology Development Institute (ITDI) or the Philippine Textile Research Institute (PTRI) of the
Department of Science and Technology (DOST) shall evaluate the quality of material of all flag samples and
certify whether the fabric for the blue, white, red and golden yellow colors, including the canvass submitted,
conforms to government requirement as to quality of the material. The samples shall be submitted by the said
office to the Institute.

SECTION 30. All deliveries of the flags requisitioned by the government shall be inspected by the requisitioning
agency’s internal inspector and by the Commission on Audit (COA) using the flag stamped approved by the
Institute as reference.

SECTION 31. In carrying out its responsibilities under Section 4 hereof, the Institute, COA, the ITDI/PTRI shall
prepare guidelines to be approved by the Office of the President.

SECTION 32. All government agencies and instrumentalities shall ensure that the requirements under this Act
with respect to the standards, requisitions and delivery of the national flag are strictly complied with.

SECTION 33. All departments, agencies, offices, and instrumentalities of the government, government-owned or
controlled corporations, local government units, including barangays, shall include in their annual budgets the
necessary outlay for the purchase of the national flag.

I. Prohibited Acts

SECTION 34. It shall be prohibited

a. To mutilate, deface, defile, trample, on or cast contempt any act or omission casting dishonor or ridicule upon
the flag over its surface;
b. To dip the flag to any person or object by way of compliment or salute;
c. To use the flag:
1. As a drapery, festoon, tablecloth
15
2. As covering for ceilings, walls, statues or other objects;
3. As a pennant in the hood, side, back and top of motor vehicles;
4. As a staff or whip;
5. For unveiling monuments or statues; and
6. As trademarks or for industrial, commercial or agricultural labels or designs.
d. Display the flag:
1. Under any painting or picture;
2. Horizontally face-up. It shall always be hoisted aloft and be allowed to fall freely;
3. Below any platform; or
4. In discotheques, cockpits, night and day clubs, casinos, gambling joints and places of vice or where frivolity
prevails.
e. To wear the flag in whole or in part as a costume or uniform;
f. To add any word, figure, mark, picture, design, drawings, advertisements, or imprint of any nature on the flag;
g. To print, paint or attach representation of the flag on handkerchiefs, napkins, cushions, and other articles of
merchandise;
h. To display in public any foreign flag, except in embassies and other diplomatic establishments, and in offices
of international organizations.
i. To use, display or be part of any advertisement of infomercial; and
j. To display the flag in front of buildings or offices occupied by aliens.

CHAPTER II

THE NATIONAL ANTHEM

SECTION 35. The National Anthem is entitled Lupang Hinirang.

SECTION 36. The National Anthem shall always be sung in the national language within or without the country.
The following shall be the lyrics of the National Anthem.

Bayang magiliw,
Perlas ng silanganan,
Alab ng puso
Sa dibdib mo’y buhay.
Lupang hinirang,
Duyan ka ng magiting,
Sa manlulupig
Di ka pasisiil.
Sa dagat at bundok,
Sa simoy at sa langit mong bughaw,
May dilag ang tula
At awit sa paglayang minamahal.
Ang kislap ng watawat mo’y
Tagumpay na nagniningning;
Ang bituin at araw niya,
Kailan pa ma’y di magdidilim.
Lupa ng araw, ng luwalhati’t pagsinta,
Buhay ay langit sa piling mo;
Aming ligaya na ‘pag may mang-aapi,
Ang mamatay nang dahil sa ‘yo.

SECTION 37. The rendition of the National Anthem, whether played or sung, shall be in accordance with the
musical arrangement and composition of Julian Felipe.

SECTION 38. When the National Anthem is played at a public gathering, whether by a band or by singing or both,
or reproduced by any means, the attending public shall sing the anthem. The singing must be done with fervor.

As a sign of respect, all persons shall stand at attention and face the Philippine flag, if there is one displayed, and
if there is none, they shall face the band or the conductor. At the first note, all persons shall execute a salute by
placing their right palms over their left chests. Those in military, scouting, citizen’s military training and security
16
guard uniforms shall give the salute prescribed by their regulations. The salute shall be completed upon the last
note of the anthem.

The anthem shall not be played and sung for mere recreation, amusement or entertainment purposes except on
the following occasions:

a. International competitions where the Philippines is the host or has a representative;

b. Local competitions;
c. During “signing off” and “signing on” of radio broadcasting and television stations;
d. Before the initial and last screening of films or before the opening of theater performances; and
e. Other occasions as may be allowed by the Institute.

SECTION 39. All officials and employees of the national and local governments, and any agencies or
instrumentalities thereof, including government-owned or controlled corporations, privately-owned entities of
offices displaying the national flag and government institutions of learning are hereby directed to comply strictly
with the rules prescribed for the rendition of the anthem. Failure to observe the rules shall be a ground for
administrative discipline.

CHAPTER III

THE NATIONAL MOTTO

SECTION 40. The national Motto shall be “MAKA-DIYOS, MAKA-TAO, MAKAKALIKASAN AT MAKABANSA.”

CHAPTER IV

NATIONAL COAT-OF-ARMS

SECTION 41. The National Coat-of-Arms shall have:

Paleways of two (2) pieces, azure and gules; a chief argent studded with three (3) mullets equidistant from each
other; and, in point of honor, ovoid argent over all the sun rayonnant with eight minor lesser rays. Beneath shall
be the scroll with the words “REPUBLIKA NG PILIPINAS,” inscribed thereon.

CHAPTER V

THE GREAT SEAL

SECTION 42. The Great Seal shall be circular in form, with the arms as described in the preceding section, but
without the scroll and the inscription thereon. Surrounding the whole shall be a double marginal circle within which
shall appear the words “Republika ng Pilipinas.” For the purpose of placing The Great Seal, the color of the arms
shall not be deemed essential but tincture representation must be used.

The Great Seal shall bear the National Motto.

SECTION 43. The Great Seal shall be affixed to or placed upon all commissions signed by the President and
upon such other official documents and papers of the Republic of the Philippines as may be provided by law, or
as may be required bv custom and usage. The President shall have custody of the Great Seal.

CHAPTER VI

OFFICIAL SEALS AND OTHER HERALDIC ITEMS AND DEVICES

SECTION 44. Any government entity, including the military, may adopt appropriate coat-of-arms, administrative
seals, logo, insignia, badges, patches, banners and initiate awards, citations, orders or decorations, as may be
authorized by the Congress or the Office of the President.

SECTION 45. Such hearldic devices and items shall be filed with the Institute for recording and evaluation as to
precedence, design, customs and traditions. The institute shall promulgate the corresponding rules and
regulations which shall be submitted for approval to the Office of the President or to Congress.

17
SECTION 46. All government offices including the military are hereby ordered to purchase all heraldic items and
devices from manufacturers accredited and authorized by the Institute. Such items and devices shall be subject to
inspection by the purchasing agency’s internal inspector and the COA representative using the design and
specifications approved by the Office of the President or by the Congress, through the Institute.

SECTION 47. No government official or employee shall accept any orders or decorations from any foreign
government without the consent of Congress, and without the prior evaluation and documentation of such order or
decoration by the Institute.

CHAPTER VII

PENALTIES

SECTION 48. Failure or refusal to observe the provisions of this Act; and any violation of the corresponding rules
and regulations issued by the Office of the President shall, after proper notice and hearing, be penalized by public
censure which shall be published at least once in a newspaper of general circulation.

The Department of Education, Culture and Sports and the Commission on Higher Education, upon the
recommendation of the Institute and after the proper notice and hearing, shall cause the cancellation of the
recognition of permit of any private educational institution which fails or refuses to observe the provisions of this
Act for the second time.

SECTION 49. The Department of Education, Culture and Sports (DECS) and the Commission on Higher
Education shall ensure that the National Anthem, as adopted by law, shall be committed to memory by all
students of both public and private educational institutions, and performed during the flag ceremony conducted in
accordance with the rules and regulations issued by the Office of the President. In addition, they shall make
available the vocal, piano or band scores of the National Anthem, as adopted by law, to all private and public
schools, as well as he general public.

SECTION 50. Any person or judicial entity which violates any of the provisions of this Act shall, upon conviction,
be punished by a fine of not less than Five thousand pesos (5,000.00) not more than Twenty thousand pesos
(P20,000.00), or by imprisonment for not more than one (1) year, or both such fine and imprisonment, at the
discretion of the court: Provided, That for any second and additional offenses, both fine and imprisonment shall
always be imposed: Provided, That in case the violation is committed by a juridical person, its President or
Chief Executive Officer thereof shall be liable.

Suggested Activity:

 Quiz
 Recitation
 Essay Questions

Topic V. Good Citizenship Values

PREAMBLE OF THE 1987 – PHILIPPINE CONSTITUTION

“We, the sovereign Filipino people, imploring the aid of Almighty God, in order to build a just and humane society
and establish a Government that shall embody our ideals and aspirations, promote the common good, conserve and develop
our patrimony, and secure to ourselves and posterity the blessings of independence and democracy under the rule of law a
regime of truth, justice freedom, love, equality, and peace, do ordain and promulgate this constitution.”

The Good Citizen Values (Based on the 1987 Philippine Constitution)

PAGKAMAKA- DIYOS
1. Faith in the Almighty 4. Work
2. Respect for life 5. Concern for the Family and Future Generation.
3. Order
PAGKAMAKA-TAO
1. Love 3. Peace 5. Justice
2. Freedom 4. Truth
PAGKAMAKA- BAYAN
1. Unity 4. Patriotism

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 2. Equality 5. Promotion of the common Good
3. Respect for laws and Government
PAGKAMAKA- KALIKASAN
1. Concern for the environment

A. PAGKAMAKA – DIYOS
1. Faith in the Almighty God
 Jesus said to them “Have a faith in God. Whoever says to the mountain, ‘Be lifted up and thrown to the
sea’, and does not doubt in his heart but believes that what he says will happen, it shall be done for him”
Mark 11:22-23
 In all circumstances, hold faith as a shield, to quench all flaming arrows of the evil one. Ephesians 6:16

Personal Resolution:
Considering the significance of prayer in my life and in my country’s history, I am more fully aware of the things I
can accomplish when I live a life of Faith. I have in me the desire to do the right things, make moral decisions, and work to
the best of my God-given gifts. I shall strive to hold my moral ground when I am confronted with things that undermine my
values and those which may injure the well being of others.
My faith is a gift that strength me in times of crises and help me arrive at conscientious decisions. I am aware of its
manifold and I shall to nurture this gift through prayer and resolution. I also understand that my faith in God can bring me
to appropriate myself, my family and colleagues, my job and my people better. Thus, I will do my best to be a discerning
individual with God as my source of wisdom in everything that I do. With my resolve to be a better person, I can go further
by putting my faith into action. I shall live a life that is based on the right values and serve as an inspiration to others who
may struggling to strength on their own faith in God.
 I have the gift of Faith in God;
 The gift of Faith in God in me needs to be nurtured;
 My life is strengthened by my Faith in God;
 A strong Faith in God, coupled with other important values, will improve my life and those of others.

My Personal Faith Evaluation and Resolution

Statement Yes No Resolution

1. I believe in the power of faith and prayer
2. My Faith in God is one of my greatest strengths and priorities
3. I maintain a strong personal Prayer life.
4. My family maintains a strong prayer life.
5. By my example, others are inspired to life a life of faith and
prayer
6. I encourage others (my family), friends and colleagues) to be
faithful and turn to prayer in times of personal setbacks and
when faced with moral questions.
7. I continually seek for ways to strengthen my own faith
8. My choices and decisions are fruits
9. I believe that my blessings are brought about by God’s
providence and not merely by my own works.
10. I live out faith every day.

Faith Alone
A devout widow who was known to be living saints was crossing a bridge with her child an accident happened. Her
son fell off the bridge and plunged into the deep water below. At this, some men got ready to jump into the water to save
the child. However, the widow forbade them.
“Do not more,” she told the men, “my faith alone can save the child.”
After she had said this, the widow knelt on the bridge and prayed with great faith. In a short while, the child
drowned and died. The widow wept. Moral: Faith alone, without work, is useless

The Rescue Boats

Mang Juan was a devout Christian but rather bull-headed. When a flood hit their town, he climbed to the roof of
his house. A rescue boat came by but Mang Juan begged off their help. “No, thanks. I have faith in the Lord. He will save
me.”
The waves rose and Mang Juan climbed to the tip of the roof. Another boat came by to save him, but he waved it
off professing his faith for the Lord.
When the waves began slapping at his feet, he clambered up the chimney. A helicopter swooped down to save
him, but he still begged off, trusting in God’s providence. You can guess what happened afterwards. Poor Mang Juan
drowned.

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 When he stood before the Lord, he complained, “O Lord, I had such faith in you. Why did you fail me?” To which
the Lord said reprimanding him, “What more did you want? I sent two boats and a helicopter! But you did not use them.”
Reflection: Are we using enough our God-given talents, our natural resources to succeed as nation and as an individual?
“God helps those who help themselves.”

2. Respect for Life

God created man in His image; in the divine image He created him; male and female he created them
.Genesis 1:27
Do you not know that your body is a temple of the Holy Spirit within you, whom you have from the God, and that you are not
your own? For you have been purchased at a price. Therefore glorify God in your body. 1 Corinthians 6:19-20

A long life may not be good enough, but a good life is long enough. Benjamin Franklin

Personal Resolution
I am person of worth and dignity. My humanity is a gift from God. I am aware that my life is sacred and that I ought
to take care of it. As my natural right protects me from anything that may endanger my life and well being, I should also be
responsible for upholding the rights of others. I recognize the value of every person. Hence, I will keep an open mind and
charitable attitude that I may able to appreciate their own giftedness and special roles in my life and society. I shall not be
advocate of violence or any means that may harm the life and dignity of others.
 Life if precious, it has to be developed and protected;
 I am responsible for taking care of my body and to be mindful of how I affect the health of others around me
because I am aware that it is through my body that I am able to appreciate my gift of life;
 Recognizing that dignity of others is a way of life in itself;
 I am responsible for the rights of others as they are of mine;
 Any form of violence defiles the sanctity of life.
Personal Reflection: “How Much is Life Worth To me?”
Instructions: Objectively over the statements indicated below. If you agree with a particular statement, mark with an X the
box in the column marked agree. Other, mark with an X the box in the column marked Disagree. For every issue, kindly give
a brief insight of your answer on the spaces provided.
Issue Agree Disagree

1. Death Penalty/ Capital Punishment is a good deterrent

against crimes.
2. Abortion should be a choice accorded to every woman.
3. Drugs are a menace to society.
4. Military and rebel offensive in Mindanao are justified
by the goals and aspirations of both groups.
5. Parents should inflect physical harm on their to properly
discipline them.
6. Prostitution is an acceptable profession.
7. It is acceptable to have our elders care for in nursing
homes and other institutions for the elderly.

The House of Life

The crowd said to the Mystic, “We found a big and beautiful house called LIFE. Without giving any thought to
whom the House of Life might belong, we rushed inside it. Yet, to our dismay, the House of Life was empty and there was
nothing in it. Life is empty, Life has no meaning.”

The Mystic went to the House of Life to see if it really was empty. He knocked on the door before entering and someone
from within opened it. He stayed inside the house for quite sometime while the crowd waited outside. It was already
evening when the Mystic went out.

“Is the House of Life empty as we told you?” the crowd questioned him.

The Mystic answered the crowd, “the House of Life is not empty. When I was inside, I saw the most beautiful rooms with
golden chairs, silver tables, and jeweled walls. Above all these, I dined and conversed with the Master of Life himself.”

“How can that be? The Crowd insisted. “When we were inside the House of life, it was empty, yet now you tell us that it is
not.”

The Mystic rebuked the crowd, “You found the House of Life empty because you did not knock before you entered it. You
rushed into life without even knocking, as if the house belonged to you. The Master of Life, seeing that you lacked respect
for life and reverence for it, took away its beauty because you would not know how to use it. You are proud and vain to
act as if you are the master of your own life. For this reason, the Master of Life gave you the house of Life to look at but

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not to live in. If only you had knocked before you entered, then you would have seen the beauty I saw and conversed with
the Master of Life himself.

“Tell us, please,” the crowd begged the Mystic, “What does it mean to knock on the Door of Life?”

The Mystic solemnly spoke, “to knock on the door of Life is to be humble enough to accept that the house does not belong
to you but to the Master. To knock on the door of Life is to wait with patience for the Master to open it from within and
not force it from outside. To knock on the Door of Life is to follow the statutes and commandments of the Masters of
Life.”
“To knock on the Door of Life is to pray to the Master of Life that you may love since he not only owns the house
but your very selves as well.”
They left the mystic after they heard this. The crowd returned to the house of Life and they knocked before
entering. The Master of the House of Life opened it from within.
Once inside, the crowd saw the beautiful things the Mystic had seen. But most of all, they were able to dine and
converse with the Master of Life himself.
Life, after all, is not empty.

Moral: Threat life with respect and itself will reveal its beauty to you.

3. Order
Then Jesus entered the temple area and proceeded to those who were selling things, saying to them, “It is written, My house
shall be a house of prayer, but you made it a den of thieves”. Luke 19:45-46
God is not the God of disorder but the peace. 1 Corinthians 14:33
We do not help the outward form of order, where there is deep disorder in the mind.
William Shakespeare

Personal Resolution:
As good citizen, I understand that the value of order is important in my quest to improve myself as a person and as
a citizen. I shall strive to arrange my life in a certain way that will allow me to be more productive citizen. I shall inspire
others by my example to live peaceful and more meaningful lives by living the value of order everyday.

Your Own House First

Cassius the Zealot entered the monastery because he wanted to atone for the sins of men. As a monk, he practiced
all sorts of rigorous penances and sacrifices for this single purpose.
“Lord,” he often prayed, “I offer my life for the atonement of the sins of the world.”
One night, Cassius had a dream. He saw himself in a certain village where all the houses were dilapidated.
Driven by his zeal and kindness, Cassius started rebuilding one house after the other. After he had rebuilt all the houses,
Cassius was approached by the Lord.

“Cassius,” said the Lord, “I mean to stay in your house.”

Cassius pointed to his house while he walked with the Lord. “Master, “ he said, “That is my house.”
“But, my Lord,” Cassius defended himself, “I was not able to fix my house because I spent all my time rebuilding
other people’s houses.
“The Lord said to Cassius, “Before you build my dwelling place in other men’s hearts, be sure that I have one in
yours.”
With that, the Lord disappeared.

Moral: Charity begins at home.

4. Work
Six days you shall labor and do all your works; on the seventh day you shall rest.
Exodus 20:9-10
On the seventh day of God rested from all his work… Genesis 2:2
If a man will not work, he shall not eat. Thessalonians 3:10

Give fish to man and he will have food to eat for a day; teach him how to fish and he shall have food to eat throughout his
lifetime. Confucius

God gives every bird its food but does not drop it into the nest. Danish proverb

When you work, work hard. When you play, play hard. Theodore Roosevelt

Personal Resolution:
I am a person that has been endowed with that allows me to continually work for a better life. I shall continually
strive to develop my talents and gifts and learn to be self- reliant. I am a productive member of society and I do my share in

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improving the quality of life of the people I serve and those whom I indirectly affect. I believe in the value and benefit of
hard work, quality work, and honest work. Hence, I shall strive too always use sound moral principles in my dealings and
apply my God- given gifts in my work and settle for nothing less than excellent result. I am a discerning individual where my
priorities are concerned and my work related- actions steadfastly governed by and unwavering faith and conviction in doing
what is moral, honest and just.
 Every person has inherent ability to work;
 Hard work, Quality work, and Honest work are what make a citizen a good, productive, and self- reliant members
of society.
 Work is a key to national progress.

“THE 1 MILLION PESO QUESTION:”

“Where will I put my million?”
Below you will find a list of items that people normally consider when planning for their future. These items may
also be some of the reasons why people are moved to work. If you’re given a MILLION PESOS, how will you go about
dividing your million on all these things?
On the spaces provided, write the amount you wish to allocate for the items you consider most important to you.
You may choose to assign an amount on all items or on just several provided that you don’t spend over your allotted one
million pesos.
_____________________ 1. Life Insurance Plan
_____________________ 2. House and Lot
_____________________ 3. Educational Plan
_____________________ 4. Travel
_____________________ 5. Shopping (Clothes, jewelry, House ware)
_____________________ 6. Time Deposit
_____________________ 7. Business Investment
_____________________ 8. Health ( Medical Care, Medication)
_____________________ 9. Charity Work
_____________________10. Social Life /Leisure
_____________________11. Others (specify)

Anecdotes of the Great That Help Build a Better Life

Norman Vincent Peale was waiting to see Herbert Hoover. He asked the secretary how Hoover was getting on.
“Well,” she answered, “he’s in there working hard. He works about seven or eight hours a day.”
“But he’s 85,” protested Peale. “Yes, the secretary agreed, “but he doesn’t know that.”
Moral: Work is a timeless occupation. It is both for the young and old.

5. Concern for the Family and Future Generations

From the beginning the Creator ‘made them male and female’ and said ‘for this reason a man shall leave his father
and mother and be joined with his wife, and the two shall become one flesh’. So they are no longer two but one flesh.
Therefore, what God has joined together, let no man put asunder. Matthew 19:4-7
When His parents saw Him, they were astonished, and his mother said to Him, ‘Son, why have you done this to us?
Your father and I have been looking for you with great anxiety…’ He went down with them to Nazareth, and was obedient to
them; and His mother kept all these things in her heart. Luke 3:48-49, 51-52

Personal Resolution:
My family is my great source of strength and inspiration and I understand that in the midst of a harsh
world, it constantly confronted with things that tend to destroy its values and sense of unity. I also know that my
family is fragile. An uncaring and unloving parent or an irresponsible child convenience can easily destroy it: the
temptations presented by a world obsessed with material gratification and convenience can just as obliterate its
value and virtues: and that my own complacency indecision to be a better family member can lead to the
destruction of unity, harmony and the prospect of prosperity for my family. I shall make it a point to spend quality
time with my family, enjoying the beauty of the love, unity and faith that bind us as we face the challenges of the
world together.

I hereby make a personal promise to be a loving and responsible family member and work towards
strengthening the bonds that unite my family. As a parent, I shall strive to be a paragon of good values worthy of my
children’s emulation. I shall work hard to assure them of a good future and arm them with a strong sense of moral
conviction so that they may grow to be persons of worth and integrity. As a child, I shall strive to be responsible in my
studies and in my role as a member of my family. I shall give my elders due respect and appreciate their sacrifices by
exhibiting hard work in my tasks. I shall be prudent in my ways and discerning when I face the realities of the world. I
shall honor my parents and elders in their old age and continue to be inspired by their example. As a person, I shall
resist any proposal or intent that potentially undermines the sanctity and value of the family.

 The family is constantly challenged by the demands, trends and ills of the world, every person should strive to
defend and preserve it;

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  The family is a person ‘s best refuge, source of love and good values in a world constantly assailed by
immorality, violence and materialism;
 Every member of the family has a role to play, the duty and right to give and receive love and respect;
 The strength of the family lies in its and the commitment of its members to responsibility, hard work and
morality.

The family Angles: A Reflection of Modern Day Family Realities

Instruction: Below you will find some situation that families nowadays experience. For each situation, imagine yourself as
the actual person involved. Cite some effects and implication of every situation and some other scenarios that you think
may arise from each issue.
1) You are the family breadwinner and you decide to work abroad so you can earn more for the family.
2) You are a child whose parent(s) are working abroad.
3) You and your spouse decided to separate.
4) Your parents are separated.
5) You decided to put your aging parents in a nursing home/ home of the aged.
6) As a parent, you deeply believe in the principles of liberalism and the full advantage of allowing your children to
have full access to the internet and the media.
7) You are engaged in an extra-marital affair.
8) You are a parent and you are engaged in illegal activities (Electricity and water pilferage, jueting, smuggling,
corruption, etc.)
The Love of a Mother
Fr. Benigno P. Beltran, SVD

Once there lived a poor mother and her son. When he grows up, the son fell in love with woman who was serious
with him. He told her the would do anything he asked if only she would marry him, Half in just, she told him: “I will marry
you only if you cut out you’re mother’s heart and bring it to me. Only in this way can you prove your love.” in the dark of
the night, he went into the mother’s room, took from his belt a knife from his mother’s kitchen, and plunged it into her
breast. He cut out her heart and ran with bloodstained hands towards the home of his loved one. As he ran with the heart
of her mother in his hands, he stumbled and fell. His mother’s heart said to him, “Be careful, my son. You might hurt
yourself.

Refection: The love of God is expressed trough the love of a mother.

The love of our parents cannot be measured by any conceivable means. They love in ways they can; in
ways only they know how. Love them, take care of them, and honor them.

B. PAGKAMAKA – TAO

1. LOVE- is patient and kind, love is not jealous or boastful; love is not ill manner or selfish and irritable; love does not keep a
record of the wrongs; love is not happy with evil but delights in the truth. Love never gives up. Love never fails. Love is
eternal…. There are faith, hope and love and the greatest of these is Love. 1 Corinthians 13

Personal Resolution:
I am mindful of the fact that my life is made more meaningful by the value of love. I shall not be a believer
of violence, unkindness and greed. I shall make every effort to avoid appreciate my fellowmen and recognize the beauty
that each of them bears. I shall be a vanguard of truth, justice and democracy because I love my country and fellowmen. It
shall be my personal resolution to perform acts of kindness and compassion as testament of my commitment to be a loving
person for others
 From love springs other values that draw the best of every person;
 When people love, people stop resorting to violence. Thus, curing the ills that violence causes to our nation;
 When people love, they are able to form more harmonies communities where everyone shares the prospect
for progress and personal growth;
 When people love, they become happier and develop a sense of moral and civic purpose.

Pay It Forward…with Love.

Love can make the world of a difference for people who need it the most. An act of love given at the right time and
place can possibly save a person’s life. This sheet is our way of “paying forward” the many acts of love given to us by God,
our family, people we hold dear, and those whose lives we affect one way or the other. On the spaces provided, make a plan
to make a specific good deed for at least three (3) people. (You may do more good deeds for more people if you wish) Make
your plans practical and achievable. As this is private, include all the details you need including a time frame if possible to
make your plans work. Keep this sheet of paper so that you will be reminded of your still-to- be-done good deeds and so it
can continue to inspire you to do more acts of love everyday.
Who know, you might just change the world after making one secret good deed…
1) My Family (parents/ spouse/ sibling/relative):
2) A Special Friend:
3) Someone I do not know but who can use my help:

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 Continue doing good in secret for it is your Father in heaven who sees and rewards all things done in secret.
Matthew 6:3-6

2. FREEDOM
Freedom consists not in doing what we like, but in having the right to do what we ought.
Pope John Paul II
“A house divided against itself cannot stand.” I believe this government cannot endure permanently half-slave and
half –free. Abraham Lincoln
The great gift of being a human being lies in our freedom to continually right our wrongs and make new persons of
ourselves. Wang Yang Ming
We are in bondage to the law in order that we may be free. Cicero

Personal Resolution:
As a citizen, I believe that the price of freedom is eternal vigilance and responsibility on my party. I recognize its
importance and the ultimate scarifies that ancestors gave to secure it so that I may enjoy its fruits doing my lifetime. I shall
carry my own freedom does not trample on those of others. I hereby pledge to defend freedom boldly and unwavering so
that may be able to share its legacy to future generations. I shall make of myself and informed individual so that I may
vigilant of the way freedom in my country is treated. Lastly, I shall honor my country’s heroes and martyrs by doing my
utmost to be a citizen of worth so that I may truly set my country and myself free from the bondage of immorality, injustice
and complacency.

Bird in the Hand

One day, a boy was walking at the park and found a bird lying on the ground. He picked up the birds and went to
an old man sitting peacefully up the bird and went to old man setting peacefully under the shade of the tree.
Hoping to the trick the old man and display his youthful “ wisdom” he approached him, held out his clenched fist
and ask,” old man, old man,
Tell me: is the bird in my hand dead or alive?
The old man thoughtfully looked at him and answered, “Little boy, if I tell you that bird in your hands is alive, you
can easily crush the bird and say that it is dead; but if I tell you that the bird in your hand is dead, you can easily open your
hand, set the bird free and say that it is alive. Therefore, little boy, answer to your question is in your hands,”
Moral: God gave us our lives. He also gave us the freedom to choose what we to want to make them. Indeed, the
answer to our entire dreams is in our hand. We have the power to make them happen… but only if we choose to.

3. PEACE
Blessed are the peacemakers, for they will be called children of God. Mt.5:9
Since wars begin in the minds of men, it is in the minds of men that the defenses of peace must be constructed.
UNESCO Constitution
Peace rules the day when Christ rules the heart. Roy B. Zuck
Peace means serenity of mind, simplicity of heart and tranquility of soul. St. Augustine

Personal Resolution
I am a person of peace, a builder of harmony among my fellowmen. I recognize my own obligations as a person
and citizen and do my best to fulfill them. I shall not make unreasonable demands on myself and others. I am aware of my
own rights and that of my fellowmen. As I am further resolved to preserve the rights and well-being, I am further resolved
to preserve the rights and well-being of the people around me. I shall strive to foster the value of peace in all my personal
endeavors so that I may be able to promote harmony and friendship in my community. I abhor all means of violence and
understand the consequences of such. I shall perform my duties and safeguard my rights through active but non-violent
means. I further understand that the value of peace may only be present in my life if I arrange my affairs in order. I shall
strive to develop the will to live a life of order so I can cultivate and reap the value of peace.

Where Peace Is Absent, Peace May Be Sought*

VENUE SITUATION WHERE THERE IS A LACK OF PEACE ACTION TO HELP PROMOTE PEACE
Heart Troubled by inability to meet Financial obligation Do a budget. Stick to it.
Home Spouses quarrelling repeatedly Reflection, dialog, willingness to understand
each other, shared resolution, patience.
2nd grader afraid to go to school because unable to Understand child’s difficulty, assure child, talk
finish homework to teacher.

Teenager habitually out late at night Understand reason for being late, institute clear
rules and sanctions, find alternative
entertainment/ use of time.
Wife suspects husband of philandering Dialogue, seek reliable information, climate of
trust, counseling and expert advice.
Office Pilferage of supplies in the office, finger-pointing. Establish stricter release and monitoring
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 system, motivation for honesty, institute
penalties.
Community Akyat-bahay gang in neighborhood. Install appropriate security system, have
barangays tanods do ronda
Country Operations of drugs syndicate Be vigilant within the home and community, be
involved in efforts to prevent and clean up
drugs abuse.
World Israeli-Palestininan conflict Pray for peace, keep updated on development

*Adopted from the work of Dr. Josefina Atienza-Salvaña

Living in Peace: A Practical Guide*
1. What situations can we think of in our every day life as illustrating the lack of peace.?
a. In our hearts?
b. In our homes?
c. In our office(school)?
d. In our community?
e. In our country?
f. In our world?

2. Let us reflect on some concrete steps we can take to promote peace:

a. With regard to our relationships
b. With regard to our finances
c .With regard to orderliness in our possessions
d. With regard to improving communications

3. The four pillars of peace (the essential conditions for peace)

a. Truth- will build peace if every individual sincerely acknowledges not only his rights, but also his owns duties to
others.
b. Justice- will build peace if in practice everyone respects the rights of other and actually his duties towards them.
c. Love- will build peace if people fell the needs of others as their own and share what they have with other.
d. Freedom- will build peace and make it thrive if, end the choice of the means to that end, people act according to
reason and assume responsibility for their owns.

4. Developing habits of peace

a. Awareness of the importance of keeping and fostering peace, internalizing the basic value of peace, and
upholding the four pillars of peace as among one’s basic values.
b. Resolutions to be conscious of behavior which disturbs one’s peace and that others.
c. Identify obstacles to peace in one’s everyday life
d. Consciously seeking to act in a peaceful way and to seek peaceful, non-violent, punitive, solutions to conflict.

5. Being an example as peacemaker

a. Being willing to share with others about one’s commitment to build peace;
b. Talking about the significance of having peace as a basic value;
c. Helping members of one’s family, especially one’s children, to imbibe the basic value of peace;

6. Praying for peace

a. Recognizing that there are limits to what one can do;
b. The immensity of the work for peace;
c. The work-and-prayer tandem
d. Keeping aware of the presence of Almighty God and the teaching of one’s faith

PEACE
Juanito was an idealistic person. He wanted everybody to be happy and lead meaningful lives. So one day, he
strode to church and prayed hard for World Peace. He continued praying for the same intention for a year yet nothing
seemed to change.
One day, he decided to narrow down his scope and pray for peace in his own country instead. He prayed for the
same intention for another year yet violence and disturbance still seemed to be in an upsurge.
Anxious for his prayer to be finally heard, he decided to pray for peace within his family instead. He kept this
intention for another year with no significant result.
Finally, on the verge of frustration he decided to pray for peace within himself. He prayed for this
intention fro the next year. Each time he did so, he felt more at peace with himself and his personal issues, his
family, his neighbors until it reached a point in time that Juanito was considered a man of peace, a friend of
everybody especially of the neediest among his countrymen.

Moral: Let there be peace on earth…and let it begin with me.

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4. TRUTH
The truth can be hidden for a time, but it cannot be overcome. St. Augustine

Nothing conquers except the truth; the victory of truth is charity. St. Augustine

Unless we love the truth we can’t know it. Blaise Pascal

Personal Resolution
I am a person of integrity and the truth strengthens my character. I shall always recognize its value and thus be
truthful in all my dealings. I see myself as defender of truth. Hence, I shall not participate in any activity (corruption, deceit,
etc.) that runs contrary to this special role. I shall be steadfast in my faith that in the good fight for righteousness. the Truth
will set me free and that it will always prevail.

The TRUTH about Lies

Lies are said in place of the truth…
Why not prefer to tell the Truth than settle for a lie?

There are no half-truths or white lies…

It’s either you say the truth or tell a lie!

A million lies cannot make up a single truth…

You can never transform a lie into a truth.

It’s easier to tell the truth than a lie…

With the truth, you merely have to state the facts; with lies, you’d have to cook up a thousand alibis.

You’ll know when your lies have caught up with you…

When you begin to believe in them s being the truth.

Lies are the keys to a bad marriage, a run with the law, the destruction of friendship…
A million other reasons than can make your life a chronicle of struggles and a testament of misery.

In the end, we find but a single truth about lies:

That there is No Truth and No Good in Lies.

5. JUSTICE
The administration of justice is the firmest pillar of government. George Washington

The law is not the private property of lawyers, nor is justice the exclusive province of judges and juries. In the final
analysis, true justice is not a matter of courts and law books, but of a commitment in each of us to liberty and mutual
respect. Jimmy Carter
Injustice anywhere is a threat to justice everywhere. Martin Luther King, Jr.

Personal Resolution
I recognize the inherent right of every person to live in dignity and liberty, secure from oppression and any form of
abuse. As a god citizen, I shall be ever mindful that I do not trample on the rights and dignity of others and further ensure
my fellowmen of my vigilance in the protection of their rights. I shall be fair and charitable in all my dealings. I shall do my
best to help others whose lives maybe unjustly affected by the times and by practices that undermine their dignity as
persons. I shall continue to have faith n the value of justice and act conscientiously in seeking and rendering it.

To Every Man His Due

Institute for Development Education
Center for Research and Communication
There was once a poor farmer who would come to town everyday in order to supply a baker with homemade
bibingka. In exchange for five pounds of bibingka, the baker would give he farmer five pounds of bread for his family.
One day, the baker decided to weigh the bibingka. He discovered that the bibingka was one pound short. This
made the baker very angry, and he accused the farmer of having cheated him.
But the farmer very calmly declared, “You see sir, I am poor and I have no weights at home. So I take the five
pounds of bread you give me and use it as a standard. In this way, I am sure of giving you an equal amount of bibingka.

Moral: Justice is giving every man his due.

C. PAGKAMAKA – BAYAN

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1. UNITY
Make my joy complete by being of the same mind, maintaining the same love, united in spirit, intent on one
purpose. Philippians 2:2
As a body is one though it has many parts, and all the parts of the body, though many, are one body, so also Christ.
1 Corinthians 12:12
Remember upon the conduct of each defends the fate of all. Alexander the Great
You may tie the tails of the cat and a dog together by rope and have union, but you surely don’t have unity. Roy B.
Zuck

UNITY IN ACTION
1. Be united with the nation
2. Be united with your people
3. Be united with your local community
4. Be united with your Organization of work
5. Be united with your family
Personal Resolution
As a citizen, I recognize my role to foster unity among my fellowmen. I believe that I am an integral member of my
country and that I can contribute to its success or instigate its failure by remaining complacent to the call for every Filipino
to be united especially at this time when our country is assailed by many ills. I shall stand by my countrymen in the defense
of peace and justice and further commit myself to be united in the goal of our leaders to build a country based on good
values, integrity and peace and do my own share in helping my fellowmen in achieving lasting peace and real freedom from
poverty, graft and corruption, injustice and violence.

How the Tenants Solved Their Problem

Fr. Bel San Luis, SVD
Once there were six tenants sharing an apartment. Their living conditions were most inadequate. The weather in
that city was very cold and their apartment had no heater.
Running water was rationed, and there was no electricity because the landlord hadn’t had the wires repaired. The
tenants were in conflict. They quarreled because they were all worried about their condition and personal problems.
Then one of them decided to do something about the situation. There were some things she could not do much
about. For instance, she couldn’t change the building… the weather…the water shortage in the neighborhood. But instead
of focusing her attention on the problems, she looked for solutions.
She began by convincing the other renters that they had to join hands together and stop being selfish and
quarrelling. Somehow, he appeal worked. The renters began to share the kitchen and little water there was. They were able
to eat well and there was water for everyone.
Later they agreed to present a joint complaint to the landlord that the electric wiring be repaired and heating
facilities possibly provided. These were gradually affected.
Indeed, they did not have the power to change everything but by changing the relationship among themselves and
putting aside their individual interests and squabbling, they were able to solve their problems and live more humane lives.

Moral: We too can change our society and overcome seemingly insurmountable problems if we eradicate our
selfishness and build peaceful relationships.

2. EQUALITY
Then God Said: Let us make man in our image, after our likeness. Genes is 1:26

God makes the sun rise on the bad and good and causes rain on the just and the unjust. Matthew 5:45
We hold these truths to be self-evident: that all men are created equal; that they are endowed by their Creator with
inalienable rights; that among these are life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness.
Thomas Jefferson
There will never be real equality so long as one feels inferior or superior to the other. Gandhi

Now is the time to open the doors of opportunity to all God’s children. Now is the time to lift our nation from the
quick sands of injustice to the solid rock of brotherhood. Martin Luther King, Jr.

Personal Resolution
I believe that all men are created equal. I further believe that every person has the right to be treated fairly in the
interest of love and justice. I therefore pledge to refrain from judging people subjectively. I shall treat everyone with
respect as part of their inherent gift of dignity as persons. I shall be more charitable in my thoughts and deeds so that I may
not trample on the rights and dignity of my fellowmen. I promise to be of service to everyone, especially the less-fortunate,
the poor, abused and abandoned so that they may share in the promise of a brighter future. I shall act conscientiously and
decisively to protect each person’s right to equality which is most essential in establishing a community of happy, loving,
caring, and peaceful people.

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 What EQUALITY Means to Most People
(A Personal Reflection)
1. An Ordinary Filipino Citizen
a. Equal access to opportunities that promote personal progress and development.
b. Equal opportunities in the pursuit of happiness.
c. Equal access to quality affordable education.
d. Equal work opportunities.
e. Equal opportunity to raise a decent and happy family grounded on good values and sound convictions.
f. Equal access to institutions that provide basic needs (e.g. electricity, water).
g. Equal treatment and regard by the Law.
h. The right to worship and to be treated fairly by the law and the community.
i. Recognition and acknowledgment of one’s dignity as a person.

2. Small-scale Filipino Entrepreneurs

a. Equal protection and support under the law.
b. Equal market opportunities.
c. Preferential support by the government in the midst of Global Market Competitors to promote equal market
opportunities for small local businesses.
3. The Filipino Youth
a. Equal access to quality affordable education.
b. Equal access to other learning opportunities and personal development.
c. Equal protection of the law against destructive values and influences.
4. The Filipino Worker
a. Equal access to work and employment opportunities.
b. Equality in terms of treatment by superiors (judging the worker on basis of merit and integrity, providing fair
labor term and incentives)
c. equal opportunities to improve one’s self(knowledge, skill, professionalism).
d. Equal protection of the law against unfair or unlawful labor practices.

Personal Reflection:
1. What does the value of equality mean to me? How important is it to me?
2. Do I treat others (my children, colleagues, students, classmates, ordinary people I meet everyday I the course of my life)
with a strong sense of equality?
3. Am I aware of issues that threaten the value of Equality in my community/society? Have I chosen to be complacent with
these issues?

4.How do these issues affect me as a person/citizen?

5. As a concerned citizen, what can I do to ensure that the value of equality is safeguarded and promoted?

Skulls
Andrew Maria Almonte, MMHC
One day, a group of skulls in a cemetery had a conversation.
“Hey,” said a skull to another, “who were you when you were alive?”
“I was a king, “answered the skull with an air of pride.
“Yes, I was once his slave,” replied another skull. “He was a tyrant, a ruthless and merciless king!”
“How dare you speak about me like that!” countered the king-skull. “I am your king, remember?”
“Shut up! Shouted the slave-skull. “You are no longer my king nor am I your slave anymore! We are the same now-
rotten skulls!”

Moral: Each man may differ in worldly stature, but each one bears the same amount of dignity as another and all
share one common destiny.

3. RESPECT FOR LAW AND GOVERNMENT

They show that the demands of the law are written in their hearts, while their conscience also bears witness and
the conflicting thoughts accuse or even defend them. Romans 2:15
Let every person be subordinate to the higher authorities, for there is no authority except from God, and those that
exist have been established by God. Therefore, whoever resists authority opposes what God has appointed, and those that
oppose it will bring judgment upon themselves. For rulers are not a cause of fear to good conduct, but no evil. Romans 13:13
Remind them to be under the control of migrates and authorities, to be obedient, to be open to every good
enterprise. Titus 3:1
If desire respect for the law, we must first make the law respectable. Louis Dambitz Brandeis

The law is valuable not because it is a law, but because there is right in it. Henry Ward Beecher
The very idea of the power and right of the people to establish government presupposes the duty of every individual to obey
the established government. George Washington

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 Where law ends, there tyranny begins. Williams Pitt

Personal Resolution
I believe that the laws and the government are meant to server my own interests as a citizen. I shall seek ways to
understand the laws more so that I may be able to follow them more knowingly. I shall seek ways to understand the laws
more so that I may be able to follow them more knowingly. I shall also strive to understand the government and its
functions so that I can contribute to her efforts of improving the lives of our countrymen. In my own capacity as a citizen, I
shall always be law-abiding. I shall not allow my values to be compromised by illegal acts and practices. I shall strive to take
a more critical stand in making a decision to follow laws and appreciate the work of government. I shall perform my
patriotic duty of always maintaining a sense of respect for her duly constituted right and authority to promote order and
peace for the sake of all citizens.

A World Without Laws or Government

(A Personal Reflection)
What if…
 There are no Traffic Rules?
 Every person is “free” to do anything he wishes to another?
 Every person is allowed to use the streets as his own comfort room and garbage bin?
 There are no regulations governing the pricing of commodities by business establishments?
 There are no law enforcers?
 Dangerous drugs are allowed to proliferate in the streets?
 Every person has the right to claim anything as his own?
 The Government is not given respect and authority to carry out its functions?
 Any country has the right to attack or invade another?
 Any individual or group resorts to violence to make a statement, promote an ideology, pursue and agenda
or overthrow the government?

Can I live in this world?

Is there any security for life and property in such a world?
Does having no laws or government make me a freer individual?
Can I live according to good values, sound principles and moral precepts while our world is governed by such scenarios?
Do I want my children to live in this kind of world?
Is our country moving towards this direction?
If so, What can I do?

The Boss Explains ‘Clearly’

Fr. Bel San Luis, SVD

A company employing several thousand people was attempting to institute a pension plan. But the plan could not be
implemented without one-hundred percent participation.
Every employee signed up except, one man. Many efforts were made to win over, but the man kept on resisting.
Finally the President of the company called the man into his office.

“Here is a copy of the proposed pension plan and here is a pen,” he said.
“Sign up or you’re fired.” Whereupon, the man immediately picked up the pen and signed his name.
The President of the company said, “I don’t understand why you refused to sign until now. What was your
problem?”
To which the man replied, “Sir, you’re the first person who explained it to me clearly.”

Moral: Every person must learn and understand the laws of the land, the role of our leaders and his own duties and
responsibilities that he may act accordingly as a good citizen.

4. PATRIOTISM
For whoever wishes to save his life will lose it, but whoever loses his life for my sake will save it.
Mark 8:35
But our citizenship is in heaven and from it we also await a savior, the Lord Jesus Christ.
Philippians 3:20
Repay to Caesar what belongs to Caesar and to God what belongs to God.
Luke 20:25
The Filipino I worth dying for … It is better to die your feet than to live on your knees.
Sen. Benigno Aquino, Jr.

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Personal Resolution
I am a Filipino, proud and true. I honor my heritage and take pride in my commitment to be good citizen in my
daily life. I shall from here on, dedicate myself to perform simple acts of heroism that nevertheless will have positive effects
in the lives of my countrymen. I shall always be mindful of my country’s interest in my dealings; that I may not harm her by
going into unfair or illegal activities. I shall strive to be vigilant so that I may fulfill my duty as a citizen of upholding her laws,
preserving her dignity and promoting her welfare.

A GOOD CITIZEN’S GUIDE TO RESPONSIBLE VOTING

(Primer for Teachers, Trainers and Resource Speakers)
I. Why should I vote?
Voting or Suffrage is a privilege and right given to every Filipino citizen. More than anything else however, it is
responsibility that every Filipino is expected to fulfill in earnest.
By voting, a Filipino is given the opportunity to be directly involved in the affairs of the nation and have a stake in
national interest. Thus, voting is a privilege.
Upon having met the prescriptions of the law, every citizen is entitled to vote and cannot be deterred from
fulfilling this function. Hence, voting is one of the Filipino’s most inalienable rights.
By casting his vote, a Filipino makes himself a part of the nation’s conscience whereby his decisions affect the
history of the whole nation, the well-being of his community and the fate of his family. Therefore, by deciding the fate and
interest of the whole nation, the Filipino is charged with the responsibility to promote and uphold what is beneficial to the
Common Good. Thus, voting is a critical responsibility of every qualified Filipino citizen.
When a Filipino citizen chooses to forfeit his privilege, right and responsibility to vote, he makes himself an
apathetic bystander amongst his people and all that they fight for in the name of true freedom, justice and love of country.
He is set apart from the nation’s conscience as the chooses to merely passively accept whatever results the decisions of
others may bring about.
On the other hand, when a Filipino accepts his responsibility as a citizen and avails of his privilege and asserts his
right to vote, he becomes a part of the nation’s conscience, a builder of the future, and a vanguard of freedom and the
interest of the common good. He becomes a stakeholder in every national interest and is empowered with the will to fight
more passionately his cause to be able to live a more meaningful life as a Filipino citizen. By assuming an active stance in
the affairs of the nation by giving his piece in the selection of his country’s leaders, the Filipino truly becomes a part of his
nation’s destiny.

5. PROMOTION OF THE COMMON GOOD

All who believed were together and had all things in common; they would sell their property and possessions and
divide them among all according to each one’s need. Acts 2:44-45
The community of believers was of one heart and one mind, and no one claimed that any of his possessions was his
own, but they had everything in common. Acts 4:32
My loyalty to my party ends when my loyalty to my country begins. Pres. Manuel L. Quezon

Personal Resolution
I understand that I live in a community of people sharing in the same pursuit for happiness and dream for peace. I
promise to be more charitable and concerned for the welfare of my fellowmen in the course of my life. I shall do my best to
work along the principle of serving the interest of the common good before serving my own. By this truly heroic act, I hope
to inspire others to develop in themselves as well a genuine concern and love for others so that we may all truly live in a

world of love, harmony, understanding, and progress. I shall steadfastly remain vigilant and dedicated to the preservation
and promotion of the common good and shall foster this value in my own life at all times.

D. PAGKAMAKA-KALIKASAN

1. CONCERN FOR THE ENVIRONMENT

You visit the Earth and water it; make it abundantly fertile. God’s stream is filled with water with it you supply the world
with grain. Thus do you prepare the Earth; you drench plowed furrows and level their ridges. With showers you keep the
ground soft, blessing its young sprouts. Psalms 65:10-11

How long can men thrive between walls of brick, walking on asphalt pavements, breathing the fumes of coal and of oil,
growing, working, dying, with hardly a thought of wind, and sky, and fields of grain, seeing only machine-made beauty, the
mineral-like quality of life? Charles A. Lindbergh

Personal Resolution
I am steward of creation. I understand that my very existence and that of generations after me are threatened by
the destruction of the environment. I pledge to be a more discerning individual by using all environmental resources
properly and prudently. I shall develop a conscious effort to preserve and protect the environment from further
degradation. I shall treat the environment as though it were my own masterpiece, giving it great care and priding myself of
its wonders and beauty. I shall ever be thankful of the grace of God and the dedication of people in their work to ensure

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that my family and I have clean air to breathe, clean water to drink, clean oceans to launch adventures and above all, a life
that’s healthy and a future worthy to be shared to the next generations.

END OF DICUSSION

PREPARED BY:

ELMER V. CELINO, MSCJ, CCS

CWTS COORDINATOR

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