QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS

Study guide
Cell Biology

TESTED AND CONFIRMED A+ ANSWERS

 Cell Bio Study guide
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1. Brewers yeast. It is a fungus, multiplies rapidly, and is a great example of

evolutionary conservatism → Simple Eukaryotic cell model organism? (Ans: a)
a. True
b. False
2. Which of the following is not a characteristic of the eukaryotic nucleus? (Ans: b)
a. Storage, replication, and transcription of DNA
b. Single membrane
c. Nuclear membrane (envelope) supported by cytoskeleton (lamins)
d. Nuclear pore complexes
3. Which of these is not one of the main functions of the cytoskeleton? (Ans: c)
a. Internal scaffolding of cell
b. Cellular movement and intracellular transport
c. Central role in meiosis
d. cell to cell adhesion
4. Which of the following is not a step in actin filament assembly? (Ans: c)
a. Actin binds and hydrolyzes ATP
b. G-actin monomers bind head-to-tail as trimmers (nucleation step)
c. preferential addition of actin monomers to (-) end
d. All of the above
5. Viscosity of plasma membrane is regulated by all of the following except? (Ans: d)
a. lipid composition
b. temperature
c. FA chain length
d. ligand binding
6. Which one of these is a mechanism for protein transport? (Ans: d)
a. Gated Transport
b. Protein Translocation
c. Vesicular Transport
d. All of the above
7. The same signal molecule can induce different outcomes from target cells only when
they express different types of receptors. (Ans: b)
a. True
b. False
8. Cell surface receptors fall into three basic classes. Which one of the following is not one
of them? (Ans: d)
a. ion-channel coupled receptor
b. GPCR receptor
c. RPTK receptor
d. cortisol receptor
9. To help achieve proper base pairing and hence form a double helix, which conditions
must be met? (Ans: c)
 a. A pyrimidine base must pair with pyrimidine base.
b. A purine base must pair with a purine base.
c. A purine base must pair with a pyrimidine base.
d. None of the above

10. Which of the following is an intracellular second messenger molecule? (Ans: d)

a. Adenylyl Cyclase
b. PI3K
c. PLC
d. Calcium

11) Which of the following occurs during Anaphase B (ans E)

a) The poles are pulled toward the cell cortex
b) The chromosomes are pushed toward the poles
c) The kinetochore microtubules shorten
d) The poles are pushed apart
e) Both A and D

12) During the M-phase of the cell cycle, a cell duplicates its centrosome (ans B)
a) True
b) False

13 ) Phospholipids can (ans C)

a) Form the phosphate backbone of nucleic acids
b) Form an alpha helix held together with hydrogen bonds between the CH2 groups
c) Form a lipid bilayer
d) Form an active site

14) An alpha helix is held together by? (ans B)

a) Hydrogen bond between amino acid side chain atoms
b) Hydrogen bond between atoms in the polypeptide backbone
c) Hydrogen bonds between amino acid side chain atoms in the polypeptide backbone
d) Covalent bonds between amino acid side chains

15) In the final step of the citric acid cycle, oxaloacetate is regenerated through the oxidation of
malate and this coupled with the production of which other molecule? (ans B)
a) FADH
b) NADH
c) GTP
d) CO2
16) Ras is a GTP-binding protein that is often defective in cancer cells. A common mutation
found in cancer cells causes Ras to behave as though it were bound to GTP all the time, which
will cause cells to divide inappropriately. From this description, the normal Ras gene is .
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 (ans C)
a) A tumor suppressor
b) An oncogene
c) A proto-ocogene
d) A gain of function mutation

17) The plasmodesmata in plants are functionally most similar to which animal cell junction?
(ans C)
a) Tight junction
b) Adherens junction
c) Gap junction
d) Desmosome

18) Which of the following statements about plant cell walls is true? (ans A)
a) The microtubule cytoskeleton directs the orientation in which cellulose is
deposited in the cell wall
b) The molecular components of the cell wall are the same in all plant tissues
c) Because plant cell walls are rigid, they are not deposited until the cell has stopped
growing
d) The cellulose found in cell walls is produced as a precursor molecule in the cell
and delivered to the extracellular space by exocytosis.

19) Actin filaments allow animal cells to migrate (ans A)

a) True
b) False

20) Both multicellular plants and animals have . (ans D)

a) cells capable of locomotion
b) cells with cell walls.
c) a cytoskeleton composed of actin filaments, microtubules, and intermediate
filaments.
d) tissues composed of multiple different cell types

21.) Which is NOT true regarding osmosis?

. A. it is the movement of water form an area of high solute to low solute

. B. it is the movement of water from an area of low solute to high solute
. C. It is the movement of water from an area of high water to low water
D. this process must be balanced or the cell would burst or shrink

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 22.) Which is NOT correct? Tertiary structure is maintained by:

. a. phosphate group bridges

. b. disulfide bridges
. c. ionic bonds
d. hydrophobic interactions

23). Ion channels are classified as membrane transport proteins. They discriminate
between ions based on size and charge. In addition to Na+, which one of the following ions
would youexpect to be able to freely diffuse through a Na+ channel? Explain your answer.

a. Mg2+

b. H+c. K+d. Cl−

24). Active transport requires the input of energy into a system so as to move solutes against
their electrochemical and concentration gradients. Which of the following is NOT one of the
common ways to perform active transport?

a. Na+-coupled

b. K+-coupled c. ATP-driven d. light-driven

25.) You have generated antibodies that recognize the extracellular domain of the Ca2+-pump.
Adding these antibodies to animal cells blocks the active transport of Ca2+ from the cytosol into
the extracellular environment. What do you expect to observe with respect to intracellular Ca2+?

a. Ca2+-pumps in vesicle membranes keep cytosolic calcium levels low.

b. Ca2+-pumps in the endoplasmic reticulum membrane keep cytosolic calcium levels low. c.
Ca2+-pumps in the Golgi apparatus keep cytosolic calcium levels low.

d. Ca2+ concentrations in the cytosol increase at a steady rate.

26.) Which of the following best describes the behavior of a gated channel? a. It stays
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 open continuously when stimulated.
b. It opens more frequently in response to a given stimulus.
c. It opens more widely as the stimulus becomes stronger.
d. It requires a stimulus to change from closed to open.

27.) Voltage-gated channels contain charged protein domains, which are sensitive to changes in
membrane potential. By responding to a threshold in the membrane potential, these voltage
sensors trigger the opening of the channels. Which of the following best describes the behavior
of a population of channels exposed to such a threshold?
a. Some channels remain closed and some open completely. b. All channels open completely.
c. All channels open partly, to the same degree.
d. All channels open partly, each to a different degree.

28.) Where are chloroplast proteins translated? a. in the cytosol

b. in the chloroplast
c. on the endoplasmic reticulum
d. in both the cytosol and the chloroplast

29.) Proteins that are fully translated in the cytosol do not end up in a. the cytosol.
b. the mitochondria.
c. the interior of the nucleus. d. transport vesicles.

30.) Proteins that are fully translated in the cytosol and lack a sorting signal will end up in
the

a. cytosol.
b. mitochondria.
c. interior of the nucleus. d. nuclear membrane.
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