Professional Documents
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JAY B Barney
JAY B Barney
REFERENCES
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Recent attempts to explain the sustained supe- ways they conduct business. It is these core val-
rior financial performance of firms like IBM, ues (about how to treat employees, customers,
Hewlett-Packard, Proctor and Gamble, and Mc- suppliers, and others) that foster innovativeness
Donald's have focused on the managerial val- and flexibility in firms; when they are linked with
ues and beliefs embodied in these firms' organi- management control, they are thought to lead to
zational cultures ("Corporate Culture," 1980; Deal sustained superior financial performance.
& Kennedy, 1982; Peters & Waterman, 1982; Many of these explanations have a strong nor-
Tichy, 1983). These explanations suggest that mative orientation. Firms with strong cultures are
firms with sustained superior financial perfor- pointed out as examples of excellent manage-
mance typically are characterized by a strong ment (Peters & Waterman, 1982); mechanisms
set of core managerial values that define the for modifying the cultures of other firms to approxi-
mate closely the cultures of successful firms have
Major funding for this research was provided by the Office been widely discussed and applied ("Corporate
of Naval Research, by the US-Japan Friendship Commission,
Culture," 1980; Tichy, 1983; Quinn, 1980). These
and by the Mellon Foundation. Additional support was pro-
vided by the IBM Corporation; the General Electric Founda-
efforts are seen not only as ways of improving
tion; the Westinghouse Electric Corporation; Amp, Inc.; and employee morale or quality of work life, but also
the Alcoa Foundation. Discussions with William G. Ouchi, as vital for improving a firm's financial perfor-
William McKelvey, Richard Rumelt, Alan Wilkins, Stan mance. Recall that Peters and Waterman (1982)
Ornstein, Maggi Phillips, Connie Gersick and the Organiza-
chose firms for their sample that not only had an
tional Economics Seminar at UCLA have been invaluable in
the development of this work. excellent reputation for management, but also
Correspondence should be addressed to Jay B. Barney, were superior financial performers over the last
Graduate School of Management, University of California, two decades (Peters & Waterman, 1982, pp.
Los Angeles, CA 90024. 22-23).
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