JOB PROCEDURE FOR RADIOGRAPHY

OF WELD JOINTS OF STORAGE TANKS

DOC No: LIL/IOCL/22011/01 REV:0

PROJECT DETAILS

Project: Combined Station Works (CSW) including Mechanical,

Electrical, Civil, T&I works at NOC Terminal, Amlekhganj
(Nepal) under MAPL Phase-II Project.
Client: M/s Indian Oil Corporation Limited
Contractor: M/s Likhitha Infrastructure Private Limited

DOCUMENT DESCRIPTION

JOB PROCEDURE FOR RADIOGRAPHY OF WELD JOINTS OF

STORAGE TANKS

Approved for
00 23.01.2023
Construction

REV. DATE DESCRIPTION PREPARED BY CHECKED BY APPROVED BY

 JOB PROCEDURE FOR RADIOGRAPHY
OF WELD JOINTS OF STORAGE TANKS

DOC No: LIL/IOCL/22011/01 REV:0

STATUS:
P – Preliminary for information A – Approval for Construction
I – Inter Disciplinary Check X – As Built
C – For Comments or Approval Z – Changes after delivery of unit
to client
V – Valid for Construction D – Deleted

INDEX

S.NO. DESCRIPTION PAGE NO.

01 SCOPE 3
02 APPLICABLE SPECIFICATION & CODE 3
03 SURFACE PREPARATION 3
04 PROCEDURE 3-5
05 FILM PROCESSING 5
06 IDENTIFICATION 5
07 DOCUMENTATION 5
08 SAFETY 6
RADIOGRAPHIC EXAMINATION
09 7
TECHNIQUE
10 INSPECTION FORMATS 8

1.0 SCOPE
 JOB PROCEDURE FOR RADIOGRAPHY
OF WELD JOINTS OF STORAGE TANKS

DOC No: LIL/IOCL/22011/01 REV:0

The object of this procedure is to highlight the Radiography examination to be carried

out on weld joints of Oil & Water Tank.

Joints Requiring Radiography in Tank

a) Tank shell butt welds ( both vertical and horizontal joints).
b) Tank bottom annular plate butt welds.
c) 100 % of butt weld around the periphery of an insert manhole or nozzle in the tank
shell.
d) All ‘T’ joints in Shell irrespective of plate thickness. Each film shall clearly show not less
than 50 MM of weld length on each side of vertical intersection and 150 MM along the
vertical weld.
e) Butt weld of bottom sump.
f) Shell joints covered by reinforcement pad plate.
g) Horizontal weld of Guage pipe and vertical weld of guage well in Floating roof tank.
h) Others as specified in Chapter 4 of IOCL specs for Tank Construction Works for MAPL
Phase-II Project.
2.0 APPLICABLE SPECIFICATION & CODE
ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code Section V “Non Destructive Examination”
2.1
Article 2.
2.2 API-650, ASME Sec-V-UW-51(b) Acceptance Criteria for weld joints/Applicable Code.

2A.0 QUALIFICATION OF INTERPRETER

The qualification of NDT Inspector to carry out this testing should be ASNT Level-II and
shall have minimum 6 years of relevant experience in this field.
3.0 SURFACE PREPARATION
Any significant surface irregularities, which may interfere with the interpretation of
3.1 radiography, shall be removed by any suitable process. If necessary grinding may be
carried out so that these cannot be confused with discontinuities.
4.0 PROCEDURE
4.1 Material: IS: 2062 Gr A/B, API 5L.
4.2 Technique: Single wall single image
4.3 Reinforcement: As permitted by the code for the plate

Thickness (mm) Maximum thickness (mm) of reinforcement

≤ 13 1.5
> 13 to 25 2.5
 JOB PROCEDURE FOR RADIOGRAPHY
OF WELD JOINTS OF STORAGE TANKS

DOC No: LIL/IOCL/22011/01 REV:0

> 25 3.0

Penetrometer: Selection of Penetrometer wire type or hole type shall be used

4.4
depending upon the thickness of plates with reinforcement as permitted by API -650
Radiographic Sensitivity: The ASTM wire type penetrometer shall be used to indicate
4.6 radiographic sensitivity. Film sensitivity for radiography films shall be as per ASME sec.
V (Table – 276).
Radiographic Film Density: The density of the film anywhere through the area of
interest must be 2 to 4 for gamma ray but will not vary more than -15% to +30% of the
4.7
density through the penetrometer area. Calibrated Densitometer/Density strip shall
be used to measure density of the radiographic films.
Geometrical Un-sharpness: Source to film distance shall be such that the geometrical
Un-sharpness (Ug) shall be as per the chart below:

Materials Thickness (mm) Ug Max (mm)

Under 50 0.510
50 to 75 0.760
75 to 100 1.020

4.8
Geometrical Un-sharpness is calculated by :

f ∗t
Ug=
d

Where,
Ug = Geometrical Un-sharpness,
f = Source size in mm,
t = thickness of the weld or object being radiographed,
d = Distance between source to object
Film: For up to 8 mm wall thickness, slow speed very contrast ultra-fine grain film shall
4.9 be used, D4.
For above 8 mm wall thickness medium high contrast fine grain film shall be used, D7.
4.10 Nature of Source: Gamma rays Isotope Ir-192
Intensifying Screen: Lead intensifying screen minimum 0.125mm shall be used. All
4.11
screens should be handled carefully to avoid dent, scratch or dirt on surface.
5.0 FILM PROCESSING
 JOB PROCEDURE FOR RADIOGRAPHY
OF WELD JOINTS OF STORAGE TANKS

DOC No: LIL/IOCL/22011/01 REV:0

Film processing will be done in air conditioned dark room having safe light with
5.1
temperature 18°C to 22°C.
5.2 Development time is 3 to 5 minutes in developer solution.
After development is complete, acetic acid stop bath is required for 1 to 2 minutes
5.3 with agitation for 30 seconds. The stop bath is water with 2% of acetic acid per gallon
of water.
To remove the excess silver grain from unexposed or less exposed film surface and to
harden base of film, hanger containing film shall immersed in fixer. The films must not
5.4 touch each other in fixer. Agitate the hanger vertically for about 10s and again at end
of the first minute, to ensure uniform and rapid fixation. Films are to be fixed for at
least twice the cleaning time or 5 to 10 minutes whichever is greater.
5.5 Films shall be cleaned by running water at least for 15 to 20 minutes.
Thereafter, films shall be dried in normal air after removing water by the wet smooth
5.6
breather.
5.7 Film processing room shall also have a viewing room for radiographic inspection
Film Contrast: Contrast of the film shall be adequate to manifest on the Radiograph
5.8 even the smallest thickness differential. Better the contrast better the interpretation
of discontinuity.
5.9 Viewing by high density illusion which can read density up to 4.
Dark room would be located at an area which is free of dust, flame, heat, radiation.
5.10
Safe light shall be providing to prevent fogging of films.
6.0 IDENTIFICATION

Each film shall be identified which lead numbers corresponding to tank no., joint no.
6.1
thickness, welder no. etc. Identification on the joint – shall be marking.

7.0 DOCUMENTATION
Exposed films shall be submitted along with radiography examination report duly filled
7.1
in for interpretation to M/s LIL and further to M/s IOCL.
Accepted films shall be handed over to M/s IOCL for their record. Digitization of films
7.2
shall also be done by M/s LIL.
8.0 SAFETY

8.1 Safety warning tape shall be used for cordoning the area affected during radiography.
 JOB PROCEDURE FOR RADIOGRAPHY
OF WELD JOINTS OF STORAGE TANKS

DOC No: LIL/IOCL/22011/01 REV:0

8.2 Radiation level shall be checked by survey meter.

Radiography personnel shall wear TLD batches which shall be periodically sent to
8.3
competent authority.
Guidelines / instructions / suggestions of the regulatory authority will be strictly
8.4
followed.
 JOB PROCEDURE FOR RADIOGRAPHY
OF WELD JOINTS OF STORAGE TANKS

DOC No: LIL/IOCL/22011/01 REV:0

RADIOGRAPHIC EXAMINATION TECHNIQUE

1 Object Butt- Weld

2 Wall thickness &0 Range Various Size
3 Extent of Examination As per requirement
4 Material to be Radiographed IS: 2062 Gr A/B, API 5L.
5 Source Strength As per requirement
6 I.Q.I Type DIN Wire Type
7 Sensitivity As per ASME Sec-V Articla-2, T-276
8 Technique as specified in As per applicable code
9 Radiation angle with respect to 90o
weld and film
10 Focus to film distance Depend upon the Object Size
11 Object to film distance In Full Contact
12 Geometrical Un-Sharpness As per ASME Sec-V Articla-2, T-285
13 Film Type D7 & D4 or equivalent
14 Film Dimensions Depend upon the requirement
(minimum 150mmx100mm)
15 Overlap of film 25 mm on either side (minimum)
16 Intensifying Screen Lead
17 Screen Thickness Minimum 0.125 mm
18 Maximum base fog level 0.3
19 Film Density Between 2.0 & 4.0 in sound weld
20 Check on back scatter Yes, with letter B to be used
21 Identification on film As per Client's Requirement
22 Film Processing Manual
23 Processing Chemicals Developer, Stop Bath, Fixer, Wetting Agent
24 Acceptance Criteria As per Clause 8.1.6 of API-650, ASME Sec-VIII-
UW-51(b)
25 Reporting Inspection Report Format-LIL/TK/22011/F-
06,23,24
26 Identification of repairs R- for Repair, RW- for Re-Weld, RT- for Retake
JOB PROCEDURE FOR RADIOGRAPHY
OF WELD JOINTS OF STORAGE TANKS

DOC No: LIL/IOCL/22011/01 REV:0