欧美发动机的技术发展路线

17 June 2012

Our Beliefs
Respect
Collaboration
Excellence
Integrity
Community
排放和燃油经济性

CONFIDENTIAL INFORMATION
 环境因素

排放分类

常规排放 温室气体排放

Known & Stable Regulations of
Unknown & Emerging Regulations

Euro 3-6, EPA, & Tier structures

NOx, PM, Heavy Metals, etc.

Two major ‘known’ solutions:
1) In-Cylinder (EGR-only)
2) Aftertreatment (SCR + EGR)

Approaching the Final “Step”

CO2, Fuel Economy, etc.

Requires NEW TECHNOLOGIES
of Diesel Engines & Turbo’s
Beyond Euro6/US’10/Final Tier IV.

燃油经济性 / CO2 的减少是将来的主要驱动力

3

CONFIDENTIAL INFORMATION
 道路排放 2011

EURO V EURO III

EPA ´10

´05
JE´

EPA ´04
EURO IV*
EURO III

EURO IV
EURO IV EPA ´04

CONFIDENTIAL INFORMATION
 道路排放 2016

EURO VI EURO IV
EPA ´14

´09
JE´
EPA ´10

EURO IV
EURO III

EURO V
EURO IV EPA ´10

CONFIDENTIAL INFORMATION
燃油经济性
道路排放法规的实施日期如下表.
Although some of the developing markets have scheduled future
emissions legislation that may be postponed to concentrate on
fuel economy.
EU estimated to be 13-16% CO2 reduction between 2010 and 2020
to be proposed in 2012.

CONFIDENTIAL INFORMATION
优化燃油消耗及CO2的技术策略

CONFIDENTIAL INFORMATION
重型发动机的技术发展趋势

CONFIDENTIAL INFORMATION
技术发展Roadmap

CONFIDENTIAL INFORMATION
 进气/燃油系统的配置

高压共轨 + EGR + 涡轮增压器

将是标准的技术解决方案
FG or WG
26 – 30 kW/L

VTG
28 – 33 kW/L
Common Rail System Cooled EGR
>2000 bar 20%-30% Flow Rate

R2S or V2S
30 – 36 kW/L 10

CONFIDENTIAL INFORMATION
 后处理系统

DOC + DPF + SCR 是目前占主导的技术方案

一些主机厂正在寻求减掉其中的某些后处理方案

JCB 发动机没有用DPF
Iveco 发动机没有用EGR

使用SCR 满足 了NOx排放目标的同时, 降低了燃油经济性 2.5
– 4.0 g/kW-hr

DOC + DPF SCR

11

CONFIDENTIAL INFORMATION
 道路后处理发展趋势

Legislation Technology OEM’s

EuroV DOC, SCR DAF, Iveco, MAN,

Daimler, Scania, Volvo
EGR, DOC, DPF Cat, FPT, Deere, Deutz,
Cummins

EPA10 EGR, DOC, DPF, SCR Cummins, Daimler, Volvo

EGR, DOC, DPF Navistar

*All information is available in public domain

12

CONFIDENTIAL INFORMATION
 非道路后处理发展趋势, >56kW

法规 后处理技术 OEM’s

Tier4 Interim EGR, DOC JCB, Cummins, Deutz

EGR, DOC, DPF Cat, FPT, Deere, Deutz,

Cummins

SCR Agco, FPT, Deutz, MTU

Tier4 Final EGR, DOC, DPF, SCR Cat, Deutz, Deere

EGR, DOC, SCR Cummins, Deutz, MTU,

JCB, Agco

DOC, SCR FPT, Agco

*All information is available in public domain

13

CONFIDENTIAL INFORMATION
 US 高端卡车
Summary of Technology Path to US DOE goal of 50%
BTE HD Diesel Engine
Cummins Advanced Combustion, Improved Aftertreatment,
WHR (organic Rankine), Parasitic reduction
Daimler Advanced Combustion, Improved Aftertreatment,
WHR (organic Rankine), Parasitic reduction, Model
based control, GPS usage for predictive control,
turbocompounding
Navistar Advanced Combustion, VVA, 2-stage Boost, Super-
cooled EGR, 3000 bar CRS, WHR, Parasitic
Reduction
Volvo Advanced Combustion, Improved Aftertreatment,
Improved Air Handling, Friction Reduction, WHR
Source: 2011 DEER Conference, published papers
14

CONFIDENTIAL INFORMATION
发动机的发展趋势

CNG 应用趋热

电动汽车

米勒循环

辅助增压装置 (superchargers, eBoosters)

高压EGR/低压EGR

提高汽缸可承受的爆发压力

高效率 SCR 系统

减少或降低 EGR 率

VVA (Variable Valve Actuation )的应用

对置两冲程发动机

废热回收在重型发动机上的应用

双燃料 15

CONFIDENTIAL INFORMATION
增压器的发展趋势

提高增压器总效率

Minimize pumping work for fuel economy improvement

在欧洲, VTG 增压器的应用越来越广泛

Control EGR rate for Eu6

Close vanes to throttle engine and increase exhaust
temperature for aftertreatment control

提高增压器的响应性

Support downsizing trends by improving low speed torque
response (Ball bearing, Electrification, etc)

16

CONFIDENTIAL INFORMATION
CNG 介绍

17

CONFIDENTIAL INFORMATION
 CNG – 优点和挑战
优 点 挑 战

低燃料经济性
基础设施(加气站)

低CO2 排放
排放法规的执行

能源的安全性
需要综合考虑气罐布置,

Substitution of imported oil 运载负荷及运输里程
with natural gas

Usage of locally produced
bio-gas

城市排放

Cleaner burning CNG

Lower noise levels of
mono-fuel engines
18

CONFIDENTIAL INFORMATION
CNG – 技术

单燃料– 100% CNG

Issues with mono-fuel:

CO2 saving limited unless using bio-gas

Range reduced

Potentially lower power compared with diesel

单燃料 (柴油预喷) - 95% CNG & 5% 柴油

Uses small diesel pre-injection for gas ignition

双燃料 – 80% CNG & 20% 柴油

Fuel mix according to point on cycle

Retains range of diesel tank

CO2 saving

Higher costs

Additional catalyst

Additional fuel injection

Additional ECU

Current EU legislation does not allow for mixed cycle

19

CONFIDENTIAL INFORMATION
CNG – 涡轮增压器

传统的CNG发动机采用稀薄燃烧

Many turbocharger applications in production with minor
upgrades (watercooling common)

一些发动机厂正在考虑接近当量空燃比燃烧, 同
时采用EGR技术来降低排气温度

Exhaust temp ~820°C

Requires watercooled BH, D5S turbine housing

Some OEM’s interested in high temp VTG

20

CONFIDENTIAL INFORMATION
 CNG 增压器技术

耐高温的涡壳材料 (D5S
或等同材料)

高废气温度

再循环阀

水冷中间体
21

CONFIDENTIAL INFORMATION
 CNG – 总结

CNG 市场正在增长, 但总量仍然很有限

Limited incentives, high costs, range issues

CO2 legislation, CAFE will drive in Jp, NA, EU

Cost & Availability will increase usage in China

Potential penetration ~5% in Triad by 2020

在 2010年总量 ~20,000台, 预计到2016年 >150,000台

主要集中在城市应用,, 使用量较低

大部分是城市公交的应用

需求量大的则需要双燃料发动机

CNG 发动机更接近汽油机, 而不是柴油机!

Short/Middle term CNG applications will remain as a niche

22

CONFIDENTIAL INFORMATION
混合动力

23

CONFIDENTIAL INFORMATION
 混合动力 – 优点 & 挑战
优 点 挑 战

改善燃油经济性
成本

减少CO2 排放
重量

改善城市排放
容量

Cleaner in city traffic

Low noise levels

24

CONFIDENTIAL INFORMATION
重型卡车混合动力应用概况

25

CONFIDENTIAL INFORMATION
节油潜能

长途卡车虽占据最大的市场份额，但从混合动
力上得到节油潜能最少。

26

CONFIDENTIAL INFORMATION
混合动力在道路领域的应用
中型卡车

欧洲

DAF Iveco Daimler

LF 45-160 Eurocargo 75E160 Atego 1222

北美

Freightliner Kennworth Peterbilt International

M2e T270, T370 330, 337, 348 Durastar, 4300, Workstar

日本

Hino Isuzu Nissan Fuso

Dutro, Ranger Elf Atlas 20, Condor Capacitor Canter Eco 27

27
CONFIDENTIAL INFORMATION
混合动力在道路领域的应用
重型卡车

欧洲

RVI Volvo Scania

Premium Distribution FE 300 Hybrid

北美

Freightliner Mack Peterbilt International

M2e TerraPro 330, 337, 348 4300

日本

Fuso
Super Great HEV 28

28
CONFIDENTIAL INFORMATION
混合动力在非道路领域的应用预测

29

29
CONFIDENTIAL INFORMATION
增压器发展趋势—混合动力

频繁起/停下轴承系统的耐久性
频繁起 停下轴承系统的耐久性

Vehicle can experience thousands of start/stop cycles during
lifetime

充电

Support hybridization through energy recovery

Use electric motor for transient response where applicable

30

CONFIDENTIAL INFORMATION
总结

虽然占据最大份额, 但长途运输卡车应用混合动
力，在高成本下仅具有中等节油潜能

Therfore the penetration of Hybrids will be relatively small on
a volume basis

公交车尤其是城市公交，具备很高的潜能，但
受限于总体的市场销量

非道路领域将会是混合动力最大的市场。

The technology will be diversified per segment and/or
manufacturer

A significant penetration of hybrids will happen in 10-15
years!

31

CONFIDENTIAL INFORMATION
Thank You

better fuel economy

reduced emissions
great performance

32

CONFIDENTIAL INFORMATION