Communicable Diseases

IMMUNIZATION
IMMUNITY
 State of being resistant to infection; state of being free Active
from infection.  Weakened microorganism/toxin
 Stimulate antibody production
Two Types:  Effect: 4-7 days
 Continuously produces antibody (long-lasting
 Natural immunity)
o Inherent in the individual’s body tissues and fluids  EPI: BCG, OPV, MMR, DPT, AMV
(born with it and die with it) – rare  Tetanus Toxoid, Anti-rabies, HBV, Pneumovax,
o Race (lahi) Varivax, Fluvax
o Genetic abnormality
Passive
 Acquired  Antibodies
 Provide high titer of Antibodies (TX)
A. Active – actual participation of the  Effect: immediate
individual’s body tissues and fluids in the  Not long-lasting/short-lived immunity
production of antibodies.  ATS/TAT, TIg, Equinae, Rabies Ig, HRIg, ADS, PIg, VZIg
 Active (toxins) and Passive (antibodies) Immunization
1.) Naturally Acquired – produce antibodies by – do not inject on the same side/site.
natural means; unintentionally
 previous infection CHAIN OF INFECTIOUS PROCESS
 Subclinical Immunity – developed
due to constant exposure to a
certain infection.

2.) Artificially Acquired – artificial means; Causative

intentionally done Agent
 (vaccines – attenuated/weakened
microorganisms)
Susceptible
B. Passive – presence of antibodies in the serum not Reservoir
Host
coming from the individual himself (get antibodies)

1.) Naturally acquired – get antibodies by natural

means/unintentionally
 placental transfer of maternal
antibodies
 Baby protected up to 6mos.
(antibodies from mom)
 infection under 6mos. (mom’s fault) Portal of
Portal of Exit
Entry
 WHO – no immunization must be
given earlier than 2mos. (mom’s
antibodies will fight infection Mode of
Transmission
 Exception to the rule – in a country
or state where infectious
diseases are constantly present,
they can give vaccine before two
months
Vehicle of Transmission – source of infection
 Mother with HIV = baby with
antibodies = doesn’t mean baby
*can be cut anywhere but it will be easier if the weakest link
is infected
would be cut
 Mother’s antibodies stay up to
*portal of exit before portal of entry
18mos.
In taking care of an infected person,
 >18mos. = body (+) HIV antibodies
1. Know C.A.
= baby has HIV
2. Know vehicle of transmission
3. Know mode of transmission
 Breastfeeding (IgA) – colostrum

General Nursing Care

University of Santo Tomas – College of Nursing / JSV