Communicable Diseases

 Catarrhal jaundice hepatitis  Tea-colored urine

 Epidemic hepatitis  Acholic stool – clay-colored
 CA: Hepatitis A Virus (RNA)  Some pre-icteric symptoms may persist but
 Feces and blood a lesser degree
 MOT: fecal-oral
 At risk: Children and food handlers
 IP: 2 to 6 weeks Bilirubin
(unconjugated)
o Hepatitis B – Serum Hepatitis
 Homologous Hepatitis
 Viral Hepatitis – most fatal
 Blood, sputum and other body fluids
 MOT:
Bloodstream Kidneys - 2x
 Parenteral – BT, sharps and needles
o At risk: Blood recipients, drug
addicts
 Oral – oral
Liver Urine
o Kissing
o 6 to 8 gallons
 Sexual contact
o Seminal and cervical fluids
 Vertical Un/conj
o Mother and child
o Childbirth
 IP: 6 wks to 6 months

o Hepatitis C Intestines
 Post Transfusion Hepatitis
 CA: Hepatitis C virus
 MOT: Parenteral
 IP: 5 to 12 wks
 At risk: Paramedical team, drug addicts, BT Stools
recipients

o Hepatitis D
 Dormant type of Hepatitis B
 CA: Hepatitis D / Delta virus Acholic
 Delta virus cannot multiply by itself – needs
the help of the B virus
 MOT: Same as hepatitis B
 IP: 3 to 13 wks o Post-icteric
 Jaundice disappears
o Hepatitis E  Signs and symptoms subsides
 CA: Hepatitis E virus  Energy level increases
 Source: Feces  Avoid alcoholic beverages and OTC drugs
 MOT: Same as hepatitis A for at least 1 year
 IP: 3 to 6 wks o Liver recovers

o Hepatitis G  Dx Exam:
 CA: Hepatitis G virus o Liver Enzyme Test
 MOT: Same as hepatitis C  ALT Alanine Aminotransferase
 IP: Unknown o 1st to shoot up if liver problem is
present even if asymptomatic
 S/sx:  AST Aspartate Aminotransferase
o Pre-incteric o Increases upon onset of jaundice
 Fever, RUQ pain o Not reliable
 Fatigability, weight loss, body malaise  ALP Alkaline Phosphatase
o inability to convert glucose to o Obstructive jaundice
glycogen – source of energy  GGR Gamma Glutanyl Transferase
 Anorexia, nausea and vomiting – o Toxic Hepatitis due to toxic substances
deamination of CHON (e.g. alcohol, drugs, substances)
 Anemia -  lifespan RBC (60 to 120 days)  LDH Lactic Dehydrogenase
o Bilirubin – end product of RBC o Increase = Liver Damage
destruction - accumulates – jaundice o Serum Antigen Antibody Test

o Icteric  Med Mgt: Symptomatic

 Jaundice, pruritus - accumulation of bile o Hepatic Protection (Liver aid) - ↓ effort of
salts on the skin metabolism, allow liver to relax

University of Santo Tomas – College of Nursing / JSV