Communicable Diseases

o DOTS – program to encourage drug o Maintain fluid and electrolyte balance

compliance  Monitor I and O
 Assess for signs of DHN - # 1 sign within 24 hrs
 Prevention – weight loss
o Same as pneumonia  Fluids per orem
o BCG – at birth  Regulate IVF
o 0.05/ ID o Provide adequate nutrition
o Deltoid  Small but frequent feeding
o Abscess formation  heal  scar (within 2  Pedia – NPO 4 to 8 hrs – rest the GI tract
to 3 months)  Clear liquid diet  soft diet  DFA
o Indolent Abscess – Koch’s o Provide comfort measures
Phenomenon  Prevention: TEMPORARY IMMUNITY
 Wrong technique by the nurse o Immunization – CDT – Cholera, Dysentery, Typhoid
o Child had exposure to a patient with o Avoid the 5 Fs
active TB – usually asymptomatic  Feces – proper disposal
o Bring back child to health center – I &  Fingers – hand washing
D  Food – preparation, handling, storage
o Give prophylaxis – INH  Flies – environmental sanitation
 Effect:  Fomites – Avoid putting anything to our
o Children - 6 mos to 8 mos mouths – ballpen
 Immunocompromised – 12 mos
o No booster 2. LEPTOSPIROSIS
 AKA: Mud Fever, Canicola Fever, Swamp Fever,
GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT Pre-tibial Fever, Ictero-hemorrhagica
 Bacteria Disease, Weil’s Disease, Swineherd’s Disease
o Typhoid  CA: Leptospira (Spirochete)
o Leptospirosis  Source: Rats
o Bacillary  MOT: Skin penetration
o Cholera  IP: 2 days to 4 weeks
 Protozoa – Amebiasis  Affects striated muscles, Liver, Kidneys
 Virus – Hepatitis o Cause of death: Kidney failure
 Helminths – Parasitism
 S/sx:
o Fever, headache, vomiting
1. TYPHOID FEVER o Muscle tenderness, pain (calf)
 CA: Salmonella typhosa  Patient does not stand up or walk
 MOT: Fecal-oral o Jaundice with hemorrhage
o 5 Fs o Orange eyes/ skin
 Food o Oliguria/ Anuria – Kidney failure
 Fingers
 Flies  Dx Exam:
 Feces o Microscopic Agglutination Test (MAT)
 Fomites  Med Mgt:
 Target organ: Peyer's patches o Antibiotic – Doxycycline
 Prophylaxis - 200 mg twice a day for 3 days
 S/sx:  Nrsg Care:
o Fever, dull headache, abdominal pain o Supportive
o Vomiting, diarrhea/ constipation o UO – consistency, frequency and amount
o Clinical features:  Refer if with changes
 Ladderlike fever
 Rose spots – Abdomen  Prevention: TEMPORARY IMMUNITY
 Spleenomegaly o Eradicate the source of infection (rats)
 Dx Exam: o Use of protective barrier when walking in flood
o Blood culture
o Widal Test – Antigen left by the microorganism 3. DYSENTERY
 AgO – Somatic – Presently infected * see table
 AgH – Flagellar – Exposed/ Had an
immunization 4. HEPATITIS
o Thyphidot – Antibody  Inflammation of the liver
 IgM – presently infected  Causes:
 IgG – some form of immunity/ recovering o Alcoholism
o Drug intoxication
 Med Mgt: o Chemical intoxication – Arsenic
o Antibiotic o Microorganism
 Chloramphenicol – drug of choice
o Fluid and electrolyte replacement  Viral Hepatitis
o Hepatitis A
 Nrsg Care:  Infectious hepatitis

University of Santo Tomas – College of Nursing / JSV