PINNAACLE CLASSES

46. (b): In metals, on moving down the group, metallic character increases, so basic
nature increases hence most acidic will be

47. (a): The electronic configuration ofthe element with (flerovium) is

Hence, it belongs to carbon family which has the same outer electronic
configuration.

48. : The correct order of increasing negative electron gain enthalpy is:
and the correct order of increasing first ionisation enthalpy is

49. (a): In case of isoelectronic species, radius decreases with increase in nuclear
charge.

50. (None): Cations lose electrons and are smaller in size than the parent atom,
whereas anions add electrons and are larger in size than the parent atom. Hence,
the order is
For isoelectronic species, the ionic radii decrease with increase in atomic number
i.e. nuclear charge. Hence, the correct orders are
and

51. (a): As positive charge on the cation increases, effective nuclear charge increases.
Thus, atomic size decreases.

52. (a) :

53. (b): Cl atom has the highest electron affinity in the periodic table. being a member
of group 17 has higher electron gain enthalpy than which belongs to group 16.
This in turn is higher than the electron affinity of atom. Thus,
Cl
It is worth noting that the electron gain enthalpy of oxygen and fluorine, the members
of the second period, have fewer negative values than the elements sulphur and
chlorine of the third period.
This is due to small size of the atoms of oxygen and fluorine. As a result, there is a
strong inter‐electronic

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repulsion when extra electron is added to these atoms, i.e., electron density is high
and the addition of an extra electron is not easy

54. (b): The atomic radii decrease on moving from left to right in a period, thus order of
sizes for Cl, and Mg is Cl . Down the group size increases. Thus, overall
order is: Cl

55. (b): The cation to anion size ratio will be maximum when the cation is of largest size
and the anion is of smallest size. Among the given species, has maximum size
among given cations and has smallest size among given anions, thus has
highest ratio.

56. (d): Among options (a), (c) and (d), option (d) has the highest ionisation energy
because of extra stability associated with half‐filled ‐orbital. In option (b), the
presence of electrons offer shielding effect, as a result the electrons do not
experience much nuclear charge and hence the electrons can be removed easily

57. (a, d): In case of diatomic molecules (X) of halogens the bond dissociation energy
decreases in the order:

The oxidising power, electronegativity and reactivity decrease in the order:

Electron gain enthalpy of halogens follows the given order:

The low value of electron gain enthalpy (electron enthalpy) of fluorine is probably
due to small size of fluorine atom.

58. (a): Among isoelectronic ions, ionic radii of anions are more than that of cations.
Further size of the anion increases with increase in negative charge and size of the
cation decreases with increase in positive charge.

59. (b): The larger the atomic size, smaller is the value of the ionisation enthalpy Again
higher the screening effect, lesser is the value of ionisation potential. Hence option
(b) has lowest ionisation enthalpy.

60. (a): bond: F‐F CI‐CI Br‐Br I‐I Bond dissociationenergy (kcal/mol): 38 57 45.5
35.6 The lower value of bond dissociation energy of fluorine is due to the high inter‐
electronic repulsion between non‐bonding electrons in the ‐orbitals of fluorine. As
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 PINNAACLE CLASSES

a result, F‐F bond is weaker in comparison to CI‐CI and Br‐Br bonds.

61. (a) : , NO( ,

62. (d):

Here, the oxidation state of every atom remains the same so, it is not a redox reaction.

63. (c): Both and are reducing agents with low oxidation numbers.

64. (c)

acts as reducing agent in all those reactions in which is evolved.

65. (c) : has butterfly structure having two peroxo bonds.

Peroxo oxygen has oxidation state.

Let oxidation state of Cr be ‘x’
:

66. (b):

+5
0 -1

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+ NaOH + +
(hot and
conc)

This is an example of disproportionation reaction and oxidation state of chlorine

changes from to and

67. (c):

+1 +5 -2 +6 +6 -1

+ + + + +
Maximum change in oxidation number of chlorine, i.e., from to

68. (d): Let oxidation number of in be

Let oxidation number of in be

Let oxidation number of Cr in be

69. (d):

2 moles of required to oxidise 5 moles of

oxalate.
Number of moles of required to oxidise 1 mole ofoxalate

70. (b) :

In the above reaction the oxidation number of increases from zero in to (in
HOBr) and decreases fr om zero in to . Thus is oxidised as well as
reduced and hence it is a redox reaction.

71. (a):
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or or

or or

or, or Oxidation states follow the order:

72. (d) :

73. (b): Redox reactions are those chemical reactions which involve transfer of electrons
from one chemical species to another.

74. (a): Since carbon is in maximum state of therefore carbon dioxide cannot
act as a reducing agent.

75. (d) : Since the oxidation number ofNi increases from to 2, therefore it acts as a
reducing agent.

76. (a)

B2 O 3 +3 C +3 Cl 2 →2 BCl3 +3 CO
77. (a)
BCl 3 B2 O 3
is obtained by passing chlorine over the heated mixture of and
powdered charcoal.

78. (a)

79. (c)

80. (d) B2 H 6 has two types of B−H bonds

H H H
B B
H H H
B119 pm H (Terminal bond)
134 pm
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 PINNAACLE CLASSES

B H (Bridge bond)

81. (c)

82. (c)

83. (d)

84. (b) Dilthey in 1921 proposed a bridge structure for diborane. Four hydrogen atoms,
two on the left and two on the right, known as terminal hydrogens and two boron
atoms lie in the same plane. Two hydrogen atoms forming bridges, one above and
other below, lie in a plane perpendicular to the rest of molecule.
H
1.23 Å
H H
122° B 97° B 122°

H H
1.19 Å
H

1.77 Å

85. (c)

86. (c) 2 H 3 BO 3 → B2 O3 + 3 H 2 O .

87. (d) Al 2 Cl 6 +12 H 2 O

⇌ 2[ Al( H 2 O)6 ]
3+
+6 Cl−

88. (c) Except B(OH )3 all other hydroxide are of metallic hydroxide having the basic
nature B(OH )3 are the hydroxide of nonmetal showing the acidic nature.

B2 O 3
89. (c) Moissan boron is amorphous boron, obtained by reduction of with Na or
Mg. It has 95-98% boron and is black in colour.

Bn H n+4 Bn H n+6 BH 3
90. (d) Boron form different hydride of general formula and but is
unknown.

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