STRESS 16 FaD

S M
πD 8
FaD
F M T
S 8
A
I. NORMAL AXIAL STRESS

TENSILE: ST 16 FaD
S M T
πD 8
COMPRESSIVE: SC

BEARING: SB
STRAIN
L L δ
∈
II. SHEARING STRESS: S ; L L

πD
J HOOKE’S
32
16 S E∈
S
TD
F δ
E
A L
IV. BENDING OR FLUXURAL STRESS:
Mc D πD ELONGATION
S ;b r ;I
I 2 64
FL
32M δ
S AE
πD

THERMAL STRESS
DESIGN STRESS
S ∝ e∆T
S S
S ;S
F F
THERMAL ELONGATION

*COMBINED STRESS S ∝ LAT

I. BEND AND TWIST E 30x10 PSI 206GPA

F MC ∝ 6.5x10 /PSI 1.2x10 /
S ;
A I
TENSION; ‐ COMPRESSION
ADDITIONAL:
II. AXIAL AND TORSIONAL
I. RIGIDITY SHEAR MODULUS
E
G ;μ 0.3
SHEARING 2 1 μ
S TERSION, COMPRESSION
S TORSIONAL, SHEARING II. NOT UNIFORM STRAIN
ρgL
δ
III. TORSIONAL & FLEXURAL Le

T T
T
2
III. COULUMN
π EI
F
Le
IV. SLENDERNESS RATIO

Le L I
; rg
rg D A
4

STEEL BASED DUCTILE BASED CAST IRON BASED

KIND OF LOAD Su Sy Su TIMBER Su
DEAD LOAD 3‐4 1.5‐2 5‐6 7
REP 1 DIRECTION
GRADUAL 6 3 7‐8 10
REP., REV. GRADUAL 8 4 10‐12 15
SHOCH 10‐15 5‐7 15‐20 20
SHAFT B. BENDING ACTION
POWER 2Πtn L 5.2 D
MAIN SHAFT
D N
σ 4000PSI ; P SHAFT DESIGN BASED ON STIFFNESS
30
LINE SHAFT 16K 32MK
S ;S
πD πD
D N
σ 6000PSI ; P 16
53.5 S K M K T
πD
SHORT SHAFT
16
D N S K M K M K T
σ 8500PSI ; P πD
38

PURE TORSION TABLE 2: SHOCK AND FATIGUE

SOLID KENT’S MECH. ENG. HANDBOOK

16T SHAFT SIZES, MATERIALS

S
πD 15/16 3 15/16
HOLLOW 1 3/16 4 7/16
1 7/16 4 15/16
16TD
S 1 11/16 5 7/16
π D D 1 15/16 5 15/16
TORSIONAL DEFLECTION 2 3/16 6 1/2
2 7/16 7
ϕ 2 15/16 7 1/2
3 7/16 8
πD
J
32
STOCK LENGTHS OF TRANSFORMATION
π D D
J SHAFTING: 16, 20, 24
32

SHAFT DIAMETER
A. NOT EXCEEDING TWIST OF 0.08 DEG /
FT LENGTH

HP
D 0.1 √7 ; D 4.6
N

B. NOT EXCEEDING 10/20D LENGTH

HP
D 0.1 √T ; D 4
N

DISTANCE BETWEEN BEARING

A. NO BEND ACTION

L 8.95 D
KEYS TORQUE BASED ON SHEARING OF BOLTS
SHEARING STRESS FD S πD D N
T
F 2 8
S ∴A WL
A
F 2T TORQUE BASED ON SHEARING OF BOLTS
S
WL WLD
FD S D D N
T ∴
2 2
COMPRESSION STRESS F
S ;L t
F Lh DL
S ∴A
A 2
F 2F 4T TOTAL FORCE
S
WL hL hLD
T 2T
F
r D
WIDTH FOR SQUARE & FLAT KEY FORCE FOR BOLT
D F
W F
4 N
LENGTH: L 1.18D
MIN LENGTH: L 1.5D
SHEARING OF BOLT
ADDITIONAL: F
S π
Fa 2Ff D
4

KEYS IN SHAFT COMPRESSING OF BOLT

16T Su Sy F
S ; Ss or S
πD Fs Fs D t

ESTIMATED REDUCTION OF STRENGTH

TORQUE CAPACITY
0.65y 16T π
Fs πD T F r N S r N
4
TWO BOLT CIRCLE
T F r N F r N

COUPLING USING HOOK’S LAW

SHEARING OF KEY S S
F 2F G r G r
S
WL WhL F F
IF A A &G G
COMPRESSIVE OF KEY r r
2F 4T
S
hL hLD
PRESSURE VESSEL 2.5 MAX WALL THICKNESS
THIN‐WALLED PV
D St P
th
D 2 St P
10
th
1.1.1 CYLINDRICAL
THREADED MEMBER
TANGENTIAL / CIRCULAR HOOP STRESS
BOLTS & SCREWS
F 2F
A. SHEAR INDUCED
F P AREA ; A DL
1. SHEAR
F P DL
16T
F S A ;A thL S
πD
PD F
St 2. TENSILE
2th A
Fa
S
Ar of 100% AREA
1.1.2 LONGITUDINAL / AXIAL
3. COMPRESSION
π
F PA ; A D Fa
4 S π
F / F S πD th D D N
4

F F B. PRACTICAL DESIGN
π PD 1. TENSILE STRESS
P D S πD th ; S
4 4th Sy
. .
S C Ar ;S Ar
6
1.2 SPHERICAL C BOLT CONSTANT
PD 10000 BRONZE
S S
4th 5000 CARBON
1000 ALLOY STEEL
2. THICK WALLED PV
2.1 MAX TANGENTIAL STRESS INSIDE:
2. FORCE APPLIED
P r r 2P r
S .
Sy .
r r Fa C Ar ; Fa As
6
2.2 MAX TANGENTIAL STRESS OUTSIDE:
2P r P r r 3. DEPTH OF TAP
S
r r
CAST IRON h 1.5; h 1.5D
2.3 MAX SHEARING STRESS INSIDE OF
STEEL h 1.25; h 1.0D
CYLINDER
r P P
S 4. INITIAL APPLIED LOAD
r r
2.4 MAX LONGITUDINAL T 0.2Fa

Pr P r T CDFi
S
r r C 0.2
C 0.15 LUBRICATED
5. WORKING STRENGTH LOADS 6. FRACTION ANGLE
W S 0.55D 0.25D ϕ
f 0.1 WELL LUBRICATED
6. POWER TRANSMIT BY SINGLE SET f 0.125 WORKMANSHIP
SCREW
f 0.15 DOUBTFUL WORKMANSHIP
DsNd
P
50
7. TORQUE REQUIRED WITHOUT
FRICTION
7. TORQUE
T
T 1250Dd 2
8. TORQUE REQUIRED TO OVERCOME
COLLAR
POWER SCREW
1. PITCH 2
I 9. TOTAL TORQUE
P
TPI

10. EFFICIENCY
2. LEAD
L P SINGLE e ;

L 2P DOUBLE
L 3P TRIPLE ∝ 1 fTan ∝
100%
∝f 1 ∝

3. MEAN DIAMETER / PITCH DIAMETER

Dm Do‐h; h P

Do Di L
Dm ; Do Di
2 2

4. LEAD ANGLE
L
∝ Tan
πDm

5. TORQUE REQUIRED TO OVERCOME

A. RASING LOAD
WDm
T Tan ∝ ϕ
2
R Rsin ∝ ϕ
W Rcos ∝ ϕ
Q
Tan ∝ ϕ
W
T Qr