SITXWHS006 Learner Guide

SITXWHS006
Identify hazards, assess,

and control safety risks
LEARNER RESOURCE
Learner Resource
SITXWHS006 - Identify hazards, assess and control safety risks (Release 1)
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© Canberra Business and Technology College
Learner Resource
Version Control & Document History
Date Summary of modifications Version
18 January 2023 Version 1.0 released for publishing. 1.0

© Canberra Business and Technology College 3
Learner Resource
Table of Contents
ABOUT THE TOURISM, TRAVEL AND HOSPITALITY TRAINING PACKAGE ............................. 5
USING THIS LEARNER RESOURCE ...................................................................................... 7
ABOUT THIS UNIT OF COMPETENCY.................................................................................. 8
CHAPTER 1: IDENTIFY HAZARDS ...................................................................................... 10
1.1 Access and Use Hazard Identification Tools and Template Documents ............................... 11
1.2 Work Alone or With Other Personnel to Identify Hazards .................................................... 24
1.3 Keep Records of Identified Hazards........................................................................................ 48
Key Points: Chapter 1....................................................................................................................... 54
CHAPTER 2: ASSESS THE SAFETY RISK ASSOCIATED WITH A HAZARD ............................... 55

2.1 Access and Use Risk Assessment Tools and Template Documents ....................................... 56
2.2 Work Alone or With Other Personnel to Use a Systematic Method to Assess the Risk....... 69
2.3 Collect Sufficient Evidence of the Type and Level of Risk...................................................... 78
2.4 Document the Outcome of the Risk Assessment ................................................................... 85
2.5 Keep Records of Risk Assessment........................................................................................... 90
Key Points: Chapter 2....................................................................................................................... 95
CHAPTER 3: ELIMINATE OR CONTROL THE RISK ............................................................... 96

3.1 Discuss Ways of Eliminating or Controlling the Risk With Others ......................................... 97
3.2 Take Measures to Eliminate or Control Risks....................................................................... 104
Key Points: Chapter 3..................................................................................................................... 111
SUMMARY ................................................................................................................... 112

REFERENCES ................................................................................................................. 113
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About the Tourism, Travel and Hospitality Training Package
The SIT Tourism, Travel and Hospitality Training Package contains qualifications to provide skills for
people working in the following industry sectors:
 Hospitality
 Cookery
 Tourism
 Travel; and
 Events
Skills covered in these qualifications relate to areas including commercial cookery and patisserie,
event management, travel consultancy, caravan and holiday park management, tour guiding,
attractions management, visitor centre operations, food & beverage service, hotel operations and
management and tour operations.
To know more about this training package, click on this link:
https://www.skillsiq.com.au/FeedbackForum/TrainingPackages1/SITTourismTravelandHospitality

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Defining Qualifications
When units of competency are grouped into combinations that meet workplace roles, they are called
qualifications. These qualifications are aligned to the Australian Qualifications Framework (AQF). Each
qualification will have ’packaging rules’ which establish the number of core units, number and source
of elective units and overall requirements for delivering the qualification.
Delivery and Assessment of Qualifications

RTOs must have the qualifications (or specific units of competency) on their scope to deliver nationally
recognised training and assessment. RTOs are governed by and must comply with the requirements
established by applicable national frameworks and standards. RTOs must ensure that training and
assessment complies with the relevant standards.
Qualification Training Pathways

A pathway is the route or course of action taken to get to a destination. A training pathway is the
learning required to attain the competencies to achieve career goals. Everyone has different needs
and goals, and therefore requires a personalised and individual training pathway.
Foundation Skills
Foundation Skills are the non-technical skills that support the individual’s participation in the
workplace, in the community and in education and training.
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Using this Learner Resource

You can find the following icons within the learner resource:
Further Reading
Includes links to websites, articles, or other online
reading materials to aid in your study.
Multimedia
Includes links to videos or audios you can watch or
listen to about the topic discussed.
Note: Embedded videos can be played by clicking

directly on the link. Otherwise, right-click on the video
and select ‘Open in Browser’
Notes
Space for you to jot down important details or
information learned from the chapter.
Learning Checkpoint
Asks you to answer the learning activities related to
the chapter discussed.
Links provided within this learner resource are in Blue Text. You can open this link through
the following:
 For Windows Users: Hold the Ctrl key then click on the link.
 For Mac Users: Click directly on the link.

Learner Resource
About this Unit of Competency
SITXWHS006 - Identify hazards, assess and control safety risks

This unit SITXWHS006 Identify hazards, assess and control safety risks describes the performance
outcomes, skills and knowledge required to identify hazards, assess the associated workplace safety
risks, take measures to eliminate or minimise those risks, and document all processes.
The unit applies to all tourism, travel, hospitality and event sectors and to any small, medium or large
organisation.
All people working at all levels can participate in risk assessments which are commonly conducted as
a team effort. Frontline operational personnel, who operate with some level of independence and
under limited supervision, would assist other colleagues during the process. Individuals may conduct
the assessments independently of others.
This unit incorporates the requirement, under state and territory work health and safety (WHS)
legislation, for businesses to conduct risk assessments involving their workers to manage the safety
of those workers and anyone else in the workplace.
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This Learner Resource has three chapters. These include:

1. Identify Hazards
2. Assess the Safety Risk Associated With a Hazard
3. Eliminate or Control the Risk
At the end of this training, you will be asked to complete an assessment pack for this unit of
competency. You will need to access a supervisor, a manager, or your assessor who can observe you
perform project or workplace tasks and verify your competency or performance.
On competent completion of the assessment, you must have demonstrated skills and knowledge
required to identify hazards, assess and control safety risks.

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Chapter 1: Identify Hazards
The workplace is not always how you see it in movies. It is not how you imagine it in stories either. It
is usual for a workplace to experience problems and difficulties. It is also normal for all workplaces to
become a place of danger. That is why you should always be aware of your health and safety, as well
as your workmates’.
Workplace health and safety regulations apply to all organisations and their employees. In the
hospitality industry, it is relevant because of its fast-paced environment. It is common to use
dangerous and specialised equipment. It can be physically and mentally draining work with long and
unpredictable hours. Health includes both psychological and physical. All employees must be aware
of the hazards and possible workplace risks.
Companies must have the initiative to identify hazards in the workplace. They must also record all
hazards in the workplace. They should continuously improve their hazard management. Companies
must be aware of the documents or other things needed to record such cases. In this chapter, you will
learn how to:
Access and use hazard Work alone or with other

Keep records of identified
identification tools and personnel in identifying
hazards
template documents hazards
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1.1 Access and Use Hazard Identification Tools and Template Documents
Every company must undertake hazard identification. With that, every employee must report any
hazards they may identify in the workplace. These can be anything that has the potential to cause
harm to you. Hazards can also affect colleagues, customers or clients, visitors, and contract workers.
There are specific circumstances under the Work Health and Safety Act 2011. These are when an
organisation must conduct hazard identification. These include:
 Before using the premises for the first time
 Starting a new business or purchasing a business
 Changing work practices, procedures or the work environment
 Purchasing new or used equipment or using new substances
 Before and during the installation or alteration of any plan or equipment
 Planning to improve productivity or reduce costs
 New information about workplace risks becomes available
 Responding to workplace incidents (even if they have caused no injury)
 Responding to concerns raised by workers, health and safety representatives, or others at the
workplace
 Upon being required by the WHS regulations for specific hazards (Safe Work Australia, 2011)

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The identification of hazards goes first and then the assessment of risk is next. Then, the hierarchy of
controls follows. Since hazards are impossible to eliminate with just one kind of control, multiple ways
to control hazards are needed. Of course, upon applying control, monitoring should be the next one.
It is for you to know if the control is effective for the management. Last is the consultation with people
who identified, experienced or witnessed hazards.
With that, the Work Health and Safety Act of 2011 recommends a four-stage process model. The
stages are as follows:
Identify hazard
Review Assess risk
Control risk
This model is an organised process to follow when managing hazards and risks in a workplace. It is a
simplified method to understand how your process’s order should be in a quicker way. It will start
with identifying hazards. Hazards can be grouped into different classifications. The next step is to
assess risk. It would be best if you remembered that there are risks under each classification of
hazards. The third step is controlling risks. You must thoroughly assess risks before planning on how
to control them. Last is the review stage. This is where you evaluate if the management of specific
risks is successful.
An organisation should design templates specifically for their business. It is to assist with identifying
and managing hazards in the workplace. Tools are different devices that can help expand the ability
of someone to do work. On the other hand, templates are a preset format for a document or file. You
can edit them according to the needed adjustments. These tools and templates may include:
 Self-designed tools
 Tools and templates developed by external consultancy services, industry associations and
business management publications
 Tools developed for the organisation
For a company's records of hazards, you can find templates online. However, you must ensure that
you adjust them to reflect the company's needs.
This subchapter will teach you how to access and use templates to record hazards and risks.
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1.1.1 Hazard Identification Tools and Template Documents
A hazard is a situation or thing that has the potential to cause harm to a person. For example,
this may be working with a slippery floor, using sharp objects, or handling chemicals. A kitchen
is a big place of danger. However, you can avoid most potential dangers if you observe the basic
rules of kitchen safety.
These general rules are the following:
 Do not run. People who rush around in the kitchen tend to take chances that increase
the likelihood of an accident.
 Keep your mind on your work. People who let their attention wander are hazardous to
themselves and others around them. Lack of interest, personal problems and
distraction by others can all lead to serious accidents in the kitchen.
 Observe all the rules for operating kitchen equipment. Never operate kitchen
equipment until instructed on the correct procedures.

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In the hospitality industry, there are specific hazards that you have to consider. Hazard
identification is the process of evaluating situations or items. These given things have the
potential to cause harm. These hazards can be classified as the following:
Hazard Description Examples
Biological
 Viruses
 Bacteria
This is caused by
 Mould
organic sources.
 Fung
 Natural toxins
Chemical
This is caused by  Chemicals

substances, specifically
non-biological, that can  Toxic
cause harm. properties
 Poor posture
 Improper
Ergonomic
lifting
This is caused by technique
improper body
 Repetitive
movements or idle body
motion
techniques. It affects
the musculoskeletal  Using too
part of the body. much force
 Improper
setup of a
workstation
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Hazard Description Examples
 Radiation
Physical
 Extreme
temperature
This is caused by
having in contact  Extreme
with something that pressure
can cause harm.
 Noise
 Magnetic
fields
Psychosocial  Violence
This is caused by  Harassment
work stressors or
 Bullying
how a job is
designed and  Poor support
managed for the  Inadequate
company’s staff. reward or
recognition
Safety
 Slipping/trippi
ng hazard
This is caused by an
unsafe working  Incorrect
situation that can machine locks
cause injury or, and guards
worse, death.
 Equipment
malfunction
One must know how to record these potential hazards as well. You must create effective hazard
management in the company. To do this, you should know how to access and use tools and
templates to record these events.
You can access some templates on the internet, or you may use your company's template.

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The table below is an example of a hazards identification checklist. You can use it for
restaurants, cafés, caterers and commercial kitchens:
Hazard Identification Checklist
Burns Yes No N/A
Is a first-aid kit accessible?
Is vegetable oil used instead of animal fat (remains in liquid form when
cool)?
Are metal containers used to empty oil from deep fryers?
Are workers trained in safe work procedures?
Is appropriate PPE equipment available (apron, closed shoes, and

heatproof gloves)?
Chemicals Yes No N/A
Are chemical containers labelled correctly?
Are chemicals stored in approved containers (not food or drink)?
Are material safety data sheets supplied for each chemical?
Are workers trained to use chemicals safely?
Are emergency kits readily available?
Is appropriate PPE equipment available (goggles, nitrate gloves, and closed

shoes)?
Electrical equipment Yes No N/A
Is faulty electrical equipment removed immediately from service?
Are safety switches installed to guard against electric shock?
Are safety switches and equipment regularly inspected, tested and

maintained by a competent person?
Are workers trained in working safely with electrical equipment?
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Machinery and equipment / Plant Yes No N/A
Are sharp edges and moving parts guarded appropriately?
Are coffee machines and other pressure vessels fitted with low-level cut-
off devices?
Does the equipment have appropriate safety instructions and signs on

display?
Are workers trained to use machinery and equipment safely?
Is there a system for reporting and fixing faulty equipment?
Fire Yes No N/A
Is fire-fighting equipment kept in a clear, unobstructed place?
Are sprinkler systems and fire extinguishers regularly inspected and

maintained?
Are exhaust fans and hoods cleaned regularly?
Are flammable materials (e.g. clothes and paper) stored away from ignition
sources?
Does all gas equipment have a shut-off valve?
Are fire blankets available?
Are staff trained to use fire protection equipment?
Are fire evacuation and emergency procedures available?
Hot conditions Yes No N/A
Are air-conditioning and ventilation systems serviced regularly?
Is there a system in place to minimise heat stress?

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Violence/Security Yes No N/A
Is there a zero-tolerance policy for aggressive and abusive customers?
Is security lighting or video surveillance installed?
Are there locks on doors and windows?
Are workers trained in managing aggressive and abusive customers?
Are enough staff rostered, reducing the potential for customer aggression?
Knives and sharp tools Yes No N/A
Are knives sharp, maintained and in good working condition?
Do slicing machines and butchers’ steels for knife sharpening have hand
guards?
Is a suitable cutting board available and used?
Are knives stored safely when not in use (e.g. knife block or wall-mounted
strip)?
Are knives washed separately, not with other utensils or instruments?
Are mesh gloves used when working with knives?
Are dirty knives stored safely for washing?
Do workers wear protective clothing when handling sharp implements?
Is there a procedure for using knives safely?
Are workers trained?
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Manual tasks Yes No N/A
Is there adequate workspace?
Are workbenches height-adjustable?
Is the bain-marie connected to the plumbing to eliminate manual moving?
Are large mixers positioned to reduce bending at the waist?
Is the storage area close to the working area to reduce carrying distances?
Are bulk goods delivered in small, easy-to-handle containers?
Are the height and location of shelving appropriate?
Are heavy items stored on shelves at waist height or lower?
Work practices Yes No N/A
Are goods delivered close to the storage area?
Are workers given varied tasks, job rotation and frequent breaks?
Is there a maintenance schedule for equipment, such as knives and

trolleys?
Is manual task training given to all staff?
Cash management Yes No N/A
Is cash stored safely and counted in a secure room?
Are cashless purchases (e.g. credit cards) encouraged?
Are bank deposits made at random times?
Is there a safe work procedure for handling and managing cash?

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Slips, trips and falls Yes No N/A
Does drainage prevent the pooling of water and grease?
Is there a spill procedure that requires immediate clean-up of all spills?
Is non-slip flooring installed?
Are there appropriate ‘wet floor’ signs?
Are appropriate floor-cleaning products used to clean floors?
Are passageways, entrances and exits kept clear and easily accessible?
Is lighting adequate?
Are floor surfaces, stairs and ramps well maintained (both indoors and
outdoors)?
Is there a policy in place for closed, non-slip footwear?
Other common areas that must be assessed using the hazard identification checklist can include
the following:
 Physical environment
 Personal security / Security
 First aid
 Emergency procedures
 Young workers
Hazard identification checklists are used to identify potential hazards in the workplace. It is used
to review all areas of work where hazard may be found such as in the physical environment,
work practices, machinery and equipment, and security issues. This ensures that potential
hazards are not overlooked during risk assessment. This allows improve the health and safety
of employees by ensuring that control measures are in place before associated risks occur.
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How to Access Hazard Identification Tools and Template Documents

1. Identify the area at work to identify hazards for.
2. Tools and template documents are most likely pre-made by the company. They do this
to accommodate anything that may become a potential hazard fully. You may ask the
management for an existing risk record.
3. Choose the most appropriate template before starting any work using them.
4. You may also access tools and template documents available freely on the internet. You
must choose the tool or template that is best for your organisation. And after
successfully accessing it, you must modify it according to the company's needs.
How to Use Hazard Identification Tools and Template Documents

1. Access the template to use.
2. Roam around the designated area to identify hazards
3. Fill out the templates appropriately following org procedures
4. Submit the filled-out template to relevant personnel.
However, if your company does not have templates yet, you may create your own. With that,
you must depend on your establishment. You can format your template by following these tips:
 Check the establishment you are in.
 List all the tools and equipment that your
establishment uses.
 Check for poisonous chemicals,
corrosive substances, flammable
materials, as well as sharp, electric-
powered, or gas-powered equipment.
 Search for possible risks those items can
cause.
 List the risks down and classify them
accordingly.
 Write all the preventive actions for each hazard and list them in your template.
 Use preventive actions. Check if your establishment is following safety measures to
avoid hazardous situations.

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Below are 10 types of information that are typically required in hazard report forms.
Description of hazard
Location where hazard was identified
Date when hazard was identified
Time when hazard was identified
Recommended action to minimise or eliminate the risk
Date and time when hazard report was submitted to manager or supervisor
Management acknowledgement
Action taken to immediately address the hazard
Assessment if hazard was fixed or not
Information of staff reporting the hazard
Hazard report forms are used to document actual hazards found in the workplace. This includes
the description of the hazard, date and time where hazard was identified, and action to
minimise or eliminate the risk. This allows employees to also provide information on the
seriousness of risk, e.g., if injury had taken place, and what further actions must be
implemented.
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Multimedia
The video below will show you the top tips on how to do a safety inspection in your
workplace.
Top tips for doing a safety inspection in your workplace

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1.2 Work Alone or With Other Personnel to Identify Hazards
The previous subchapter discussed hazard identification and risk assessment. It also gave information
about how to access and use the templates for given hazards and risks.
In this subchapter, you will discover methods that will guide you on properly addressing workplace
hazards. They must be appropriate methods to keep everyone safe in the workplace. These include:
Conducting site safety audits
Completing checklists
Inspecting workplace
Investigating accidents and incidents
Reviewing injury or illness registers
Monitoring workplace environment
Investigating staff complaints or safety concerns
Reviewing staff feedback via consultative processes
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In the establishment, there might be instances when you need to work on your own. This is
unavoidable if there is no other available personnel to be your company. In this case, you must learn
the methods even when working alone in the workplace.
You and your staff must be fully aware of the requirements for health and safety. This is to establish
a suitable health and safety management system. These requirements are set both by your
organisation and the government in general. In this subchapter, you will learn how to work alone or
with other personnel to identify hazards in the workplace.
1.2.1 Work Health and Safety
The Work Health and Safety (WHS) Act of 2011 involves balanced and consistent security for
the health and safety of workers in the workplace. In line with health and safety, it also gives
processes for managing risks in a workplace. It involves the staff, customers, suppliers and
visitors of the establishment.
WHS requires hazard identification for every organisation or company. According to WHS, there
are requirements for identifying hazards. These requirements are just part of the method as a
whole. You should know when, where and how hazards must be identified.

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The table below shows how to identify hazards:
Hazard Identification
Hazard identification can be conducted in the following events,

considering hazards can be an expected or unexpected situation:
 When you process a new establishment design
 When you install or buy new equipment
When  Before you use any equipment

 Before you start your shift
 While you are doing your work
 While having inspections
 After experiencing or witnessing accidents and incidents
You can find hazards everywhere. There might be situations when hazards
are already recorded. Here are where you can identify hazards:
 High-risk areas like kitchen or machinery rooms
 Highly populated areas like lobbies
Where
 Data for safety
 Manuals
 Experiences of other people
 Published or written reports
You can identify hazards by considering situations for each piece of

equipment. This must be done in a continuous manner. Here are some
questions to ask to identify hazards:
 What equipment can give me injury if it hits me?
How  What are situations when I can fall?

 What equipment can cause me to slip or trip?
 What action can injure or overexert my body?
 What chemicals or agents can harm me if I come in contact with
them?
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Example below is how to identify hazards according to the Code of Practice
Hazard Identification
Areas of work where hazards can be identified based on the Code of practice
can be the following:
 Physical work environment
When?
 Equipment, materials, and substances used
 Work tasks and how they are performed
 Work design and management
Instances when hazard identification must be conducted in the workplace can

be the following:
 Starting a new business
 Expanding or purchasing an existing business
 Changing work practices, procedures or the work environment
 Changing organisational structure or job roles
 Introducing new workers or returning workers to the workplace
 Purchasing new or used equipment or using new substances
Where
 Working with a new supplier or new commissioner of your services
 Planning to improve productivity or reduce costs
 New information about workplace risks becomes available
 Responding to workplace incidents (even if they have caused no
injury)
 Responding to concerns raised by workers, health and safety
representatives or others at the workplace, or
 Required by the WHS Regulation for specific hazards.
Ways on how hazards can be identified in the workplace can be the following:
 Inspect the workplace
 Review the design of the workplace, work tasks, work systems, etc.
How?
 Consult the workers
 Consult supply chains and networks
 Review available information about workplace hazards and risks

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Different organisations create their own WHS plans. It is used to identify actual and foreseeable
workplace hazards.
An actual hazard is a danger that can be expected to happen. On the other hand, a foreseeable
hazard is a potential danger that has only a low possibility of happening.
The table below includes the organisational plan and the specific hazards that go under each:
Organisational Plan Description Examples
 This pertains to  Crowds

identifying hazards
 Customer ability to fully
that revolve
engage in all activities
around the physical
(e.g. health issues)
aspect of the
workplace.  Electrical items
 This may include  Exposure to weather and

things that you can natural disasters
touch, feel or come  Flooring
into contact with.
 Hot and cold work
Physical environment environments
 Lighting
 Noise levels
 Pests
 Touring activities to be
undertaken
 Wild animals and local
wildlife
 Working space of workers
You use this plan to identify hazards caused by interacting with things, animals or humans in
the workplace. For example, a set of crowds can cause a stampede or transfer of airborne
diseases. Exposure to weather and natural disasters may cause injuries inside and outside the
body. This part of the plan focuses on the hazards that may cause harm to the body of a worker.
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Organisational Plan Description Hazard
 This pertains to the  Appliances

equipment that the
 Beverage dispensing
staff uses.
systems using inert
Plant  Different types of gases
equipment in the
 Machinery
establishment can
introduce different  Other tools and
hazards. equipment
This plan is used to identify hazards that are caused by the different types of equipment in the
workplace. For example, appliances may be a hazard that causes injuries. Equipment and
machinery can be a hazard that can cause an explosion, electric shocks, burns or cuts.
 Length of time spent

on certain tasks and
 This pertains to the
allocation of breaks
work techniques of
employees in the  Rostering and shift
workplace. allocation
Work practice
 It may range from the  Opening and closing
distribution of procedures
schedules to staff’s
 Standard operating
breaktimes.
procedures for work-
related tasks
This part of the plan is used to identify foreseeable hazards caused by repeated actions done in
the workplace. For example, prolonged night shifts may cause hazards for the health of the
company’s staff. Work hours with no breaks can cause hazards for the mental, physical or
ergonomic state of the worker.

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 This pertains to plans

that will ensure the
safety of employees.  Customer behaviour
 Security may be the  Storage of cash,
Security issue safety of employees documents and keys
from unexpected
situations caused by  Theft and robbery
people or things
around them.
This plan is used to identify hazards that focus on the safety of the employees during their shifts.
Bad behaviour from customers can cause hazards that affect the physical or mental state of the
employees. An angry or rude customer can do harm to the employees during their shift. Theft
and robbery may cause hazards affecting the mental, physical and emotional state of the
employees. These may include traumas or, worst, death.
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Further Reading
The national government provides general guidelines for identifying hazards.
Below is the Work Health and Safety Act for hospitality. The link is given below:
Work health and safety in the accommodation and food services industry
Aside from that, below is the link for the Work Health and Safety Act used in
Australia in general:
Work Health and Safety Act 2011
For your reference, you can read the following legislation below:
State Legislation
Australian Capital Territory Work Health and Safety Act 2011
Work Health and Safety (National Uniform

North Territory
Legislation) Act 2011
Queensland Work Health and Safety Act 2011
Tasmania Work Health and Safety Act 2012
New South Wales Work Health and Safety Act 2011 No 10
South Australia Work Health and Safety Act 2012
Western Australia Work Health and Safety Act 2020
Victoria Occupational Health and Safety Act 2004

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1.2.2 Other Personnel in the Workplace

Personnel refers to people employed in a company. Employees must be trained to identify and report hazards within the workplace. To do this, they
may need assistance from other personnel, including the following:
WHS committee WHS

Contractors Managers Staff Supervisor Suppliers
members representatives
Who are these people? What do they do as an organisation? The table below shows their descriptions and responsibilities:
Personnel Responsibilities Examples of Demonstrated Responsibilities
Responsibilities of contractors include: Below are examples of contractors performing their

responsibilities.
 Take care of their own health and safety, and safety of
other people who will be impacted by their actions and  A contractor performs pest control in the executive
behaviour. rooms of the hotel. They notice that one of the staff is
not wearing gloves and face mask. The contractor
 Follow standard work operating procedures.
informs that staff about it, then provides additional
Contractors  Comply with the WHS policies and procedures, and training to ensure that personal protective equipment
instructions provided by the person conducting the (PPE) is worn when working with chemicals.
business (PCBU)
 A contractor who will work on the renovation of the
 Consider safety in the planning and implementation of showers in the pool area creates safety instructions for
contract work activities in the business their staff to ensure that the hotel guests are not free
 Ensure the safety of the equipment and tools they use from risks once the construction starts.
to conduct contracted work in the business
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Responsibilities of managers include: Below are examples of managers performing their

responsibilities.
 Acquire knowledge and keep-up-date information
about work health and safety (WHS) matters, e.g.:  The hotel manager schedules and runs the emergency
drills annually in the workplace.
o Familiarising self with the obligations of the
business on WHS laws  The hotel manager analyses the risks that can be caused
by a broken tile in one of the guest rooms. Then they
o Getting information from WHS regulator,
will ensure that the tile is repaired.
industry associations or WHS specialist
 Understand WHS hazards and risks in the workplace
through consultation processes and workplace
Managers
inspections
 Ensure that workplace has the resources and processes
to manage WHS risks
 Ensure that information, instruction and training are in
place for safe conduct of work
 Ensure that control measures are implemented when
hazards are reported
Scope of WHS responsibility of managers generally include the
overall organisation.

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Responsibilities of WHS committee members include: Below are examples of WHS committee members performing
their responsibilities.
 Facilitate co-operation between PCBU and workers in
developing and carrying out measures to improve the  The WHS committee reviews the evacuation procedures
safety of workers of The Continent Hotel. This is to ensure that all staff
members and guests would be aware what to do in case
WHS Committee  Develop plans or procedures to resolve WHS issues
of an emergency.
Members  Recommend actions to eliminate or reduce workplace
 The WHS committee receives numerous reports of
hazards
employees reporting of back injury when carrying
guests’ luggage. The committee conducts a toolbox
meeting with staff members to manage manual
handling tasks.
Responsibilities of WHS representatives include: Below are examples of WHS representatives performing their
responsibilities.
 Monitor the person conducting the business (PCBU) in
meeting their WHS responsibilities  A WHS representative receives a report about a broken
light switch in the storage area. The WHS representative
 Represent workers in their work group when discussing
conducts a risk assessment, reports this to the
WHS workplace health and safety matters
maintenance team, and necessary repairs are
Representatives  Investigate WHS complaints and safety concerns from implemented.
workers and conduct regular safety inspections
 A WHS representative notices that one of the kitchen
 Inquire into WHS risks to workers staff is not wearing a hair net during food preparation.
 Direct workers to cease unsafe work Kitchen staff is immediately notified, including their
supervisor.
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Responsibilities of staff members include: Below are examples of staff members performing their
responsibilities.
 Take care of their own health and safety, and safety of
other people who will be impacted by their actions and  A barista undertakes training on how to use the coffee
behaviour. machine including basic troubleshooting
 Follow standard work operating procedures.  Housekeeping staff must conduct routine safety checks
Staff of the equipment they use, e.g., trolley, and report
 Report to senior staff or WHS officers any information
potential hazards or faults in the equipment. This is to
about hazards and incidents in the workplace.
ensure they will avoid any risks of injuries when using
 Undergo training to ensure that: the equipment.
o They know how to safely use work equipment
o They can follow the safety procedures at work
Responsibilities of supervisors include: Below are examples of supervisors performing their

responsibilities.
 Instruct and direct team to carry out their work safely
 The supervisor of the restaurant reviews the incident
 Promote health and safety in the workplace through
report from a kitchen assistant who had a minor burn
regular inspections, investigations and toolbox
injury.
Supervisors meetings
 The supervisor demonstrates the correct way to read
 Implement corrective action to address improper or
the safety data sheets (SDS) to the housekeeping team
unsafe work activities and conditions
when working with cleaning agents.
 Take all reasonable steps to identify, assess and control
risk in tasks to be done by team

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 Ensure that team complies with, and is up-to-date with

relevant WHS laws
 Maintain accurate records on near-misses, accidents or
Supervisor
injuries that occur within the team
Scope of WHS responsibility of supervisors generally include the
team-level tasks and work practices.
Responsibilities of suppliers include: Below are examples of suppliers performing their

responsibilities.
 Ensure that the goods and services they provide to the
business is safe and do not put the workers or  Supplier of new furniture in the hotel ensures that the
customers at risk items comply with safety standards
 Provide clear and accurate information on how to safely  Supplier of pre-packaged food items for the hotel’s
Suppliers
use, handle, and store the goods and services they restaurant checks that each food item delivered are safe
supplied for consumption and are not past their use-by dates.
 Provide information on possible risks from use of goods
or equipment supplied
 Comply with the safety laws and regulation
Each member has specific and unique responsibilities in the workplace. They go hand in hand with keeping a healthy and safe working environment for
everyone.
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1.2.3 How to Use Methods to Identify Hazards
Every process includes a set of methods to follow. Methods are procedures that you follow to
accomplish something in an organised way. The process of risk assessment involves methods,
starting from properly identifying hazards to reviewing risk management. Commonly used
methods in identifying hazards may include:
 Creating hazard identification template
 Encouraging staff to identify hazards
 Setting a regular safety inspection
 Reviewing previous reports of hazards
 Testing out different situations that may give unexpected hazards
However, these common methods do not accommodate all possible factors in hazard
identification. With that, appropriate methods must be followed for detailed hazard
identification. These methods may include:
Conducting site safety

Completing safety checklists Inspecting workplace
audits
Investigating accidents and Reviewing injury or illness Monitoring workplace

incidents registers environments
Investigating staff
Reviewing staff feedback via
complaints or safety
consultative processes
concerns
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The table below shows a better explanation and description of these methods:
Method Description How to Conduct Hazard Identification Using the Method
Conducting site and safety audits must be conducted by doing the following:
 Identify the areas of the workplace that will be audited.
 Decide how often audit will be conducted in the specific work area. This
usually depends on how big the workplace is.
 Gather information that will inform about existing hazards through:
o Meeting and interviews with employees
Conducting site This is a requirement under the legislation
safety audits and must be conducted regularly. o Reviewing existing workplace reports
o Conducting observations on work activities on the site and looking
for potential hazards
 Record the results of the findings
 Inform management and employees about the result
 Create an action plan to take corrective actions and follow-up on the result
and required changes.
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Completing safety checklists must be conducted by doing the following:

 Access the safety checklist used in your workplace
 Look for potential hazards such as those found in the physical environment,
Different organisations or departments equipment and machinery, work practices, or security.
Completing safety within an organisation should have safety  Answer each safety-related question/statement in the checklist with Yes or
checklists or hazard checklists for specific tasks and No.
equipment.
 Consider completing this checklist with the assistance of other personnel
from the workplace.
 Recommend controls to eliminate or minimise the risk of hazard on identified
areas where safety practices are not yet implemented.
Inspecting workplace must be conducted by doing the following:

Under the legislation, regular inspections
 Identify areas in the workplace where there is a high risk of hazards.
of the workplace must be conducted. It is
Inspecting to ensure that the workplace is safe from  Prepare any tools and equipment you might need to conduct the inspection.
workplace identified hazards. Also, this is to ensure
 Walk around the workplace then record any hazards found.
employees are following safety
instructions, policies and procedures.  Report the hazards found then implement action to eliminate or remove
these hazards.

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Investigating accidents and incidents must be conducted by doing the following:

 Gather as much information as you can about the incident or accident that
has occurred.
 Analyse information collected to determine the root cause of the incident or
Investigating
Any near miss, accident or incident must accident.
accidents and
be investigated and recorded.
incidents  Implement control measures to prevent the incident or accident from
recurring. For example, policies and procedures will be updated, or
equipment must be replaced.
 Document the results of the investigation. Use this as reference fir avoiding
similar incidents from occurring.
Reviewing injury or illness registers must be conducted by doing the following:

 Review the record of all illnesses and injuries reported in the workplace.
 Look for trends in the reports such as high number of specific injuries or
This is to determine and identify if there is illnesses.
Reviewing injury a trend of similar injuries or illnesses in the
or illness registers workplace to be able to investigate and  Identify the root cause of these injuries or illnesses. Check if they could be
minimise the hazard. related to any work task or activity.
 Implement actions to prevent the injury or illness from recurring.
 Monitor and review the implemented actions. Ensure to update these in the
injury or illness registers
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Monitoring workplace environments must be conducted by doing the following:
Monitoring  Identify potential hazards in the physical work environment.

This may include air conditioners, air
workplace  Implement control measures to eliminate or minimise these hazards.
quality and temperature.
environments
 Conduct regular checks on the work areas which are at risk to see if the
measures implemented are effective.
Investigation of staff complaints or safety concerns must be conducted by doing the

following:
 Gather information about the complaint or safety concern raised by staff.
 Determine the root cause of the complaint or safety concern. This may
Employee complaints should be
Investigation of include issues with policies and procedures, or issues with work practices, or
investigated immediately. This is to
staff complaints any equipment used in the workplace.
ensure the safety and well-being of the
or safety concerns
workers.  Implement measures to prevent similar complaints or safety concerns from
recurring or escalating. This may include reviewing the policies and
procedures, conducting additional training, or replacing an equipment.
 Document the result of investigation and corrective measures implemented.
This can also be shared to other employees in workplace.

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Review of staff feedback via consultative processes must be conducted by doing the
following:
 Identify the work area that needs to be assessed for hazards
Review of staff  Gather information about potential hazards in the workplace from both staff
feedback via This may be via meetings, surveys or members and management. This can be through meetings, surveys, or
consultative suggestion box submissions. review of WHS documents in the workplace.
processes
 Analyse the information then develop a plan to address the hazards.
 Consult with workers regarding the proposed plan to address the hazards.
 Implement agreed plan and review its effectiveness on a regular basis.
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1.2.4 Work Alone or With Other Personnel to Identify Hazards
Working alone is okay, especially if you are the only staff who is responsible and available at
that certain time and situation. Since you are the only person doing the job, you must be more
careful in doing your task. You might not be seeing your own mistakes when doing the job. At
the same time, it might be dangerous not to be with others when working. You must take note
of how to work by yourself. These notes are the following:
Prepare a work plan and make sure to inform other people about it.
Have one person to get in touch with in case you need a back-up or if there is
an emergency.
Make sure to follow the plan that you have.
Ensure that someone will check up on you at different times.
Prepare an emergency plan, expecting worst case scenarios. Inform someone on

how to perform this emergency plan in case you cannot do it by yourself.

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The way that you interact with others in the workplace is important. Good working relationships
help promote a positive work culture. This is when working with other personnel takes place.
One staff is not enough to make an organisation function. It must have more employees or
personnel. With more employees to work with in a company, one must know how to work with
them hand in hand. Below are some things to remember on how to work with other personnel:
 Trust that others can complete their job to a high standard
 Respect and value others' opinions, and always be considerate and honest
 Be open to the different backgrounds and perspectives of your colleagues
 Know when to use different and effective methods of communication. Examples are
private meetings, group discussions, email and letters.
Using the appropriate methods in identifying hazards, let’s see how the process should be
performed when working alone or with other personnel:
Working Alone Working With Other Personnel

Method
When working with other
When working alone:
personnel:
 You can prepare a plan on

how to perform this audit.
 You must go to the place  You can divide tasks and go

itself or the establishment to different places to check
and conduct safety audits. at the same time. It is better
Conducting site
if both of you will go to all
safety audits  You will go to each place in rooms and places.
the establishment one by
one since you are alone.  You should compare what
you audited after checking
every place in the
establishment.
 You can have brainstorming

 You must obtain sessions prior to completing
organisations’ checklists to your checklists.
Completing safety guide you in identifying
 You work together in
checklists hazards.
completing them. Based on
 You also must complete your findings and
the process by yourself. observations, integrate all
your information together.
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Method
When working alone:
personnel:
 You must perform a plan on

 You carefully inspect the what place should you focus
places inside the on in observing.
establishment. Then, you  You can divide tasks and go
evaluate which places to different places to check
Inspecting have a high risk of having at the same time. It is better
workplace hazards. if both of you will go to all
 You must make sure that rooms and places.
you observe all places  You cross-check both your
possible. observations and make
possible finalisation.
 You can investigate and

 You question all people
question different people at
involved in the accident or
Investigating the same time, using the
incident.
accidents and same questions.
incidents  You will also be by yourself
 You analyse together using
to analyse the hazard
the results you got from
connected to it.
investigating.
 You use this method if an

accident has already
happened and you already  You must review the injury
got information on what or illness together.
Reviewing injury made that accident
or illness registers  You work on the process of
happen.
minimising the hazard
 You need to be able to possible from the incidents.
investigate and minimise
the hazard.

Learner Resource

Method
When working alone:
personnel:
 You check the workplace

 You use this method in a
environment together.
regular and continuous
Monitoring Make sure to visit all
manner.
workplace possible places.
environments  You must ensure that
 You cross-check your
workers can work without
observations and see if you
harming their bodies.
missed something.
 You can plan on how to

 You must investigate all by group people you will
Investigating staff yourself. investigate.
complaints or
safety concerns  You make sure that you get  You report your gathered
all complaints from staff. information and analyse the
possible hazard together.
 You will review your

Reviewing staff analysis by yourself.  You can review and
feedback via integrate your analysis
 You must be careful since
consultative you do not have another  You work on the process of
processes pair of eyes to recheck managing feedback.
your review.
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Staff must be knowledgeable on how to apply the methods in identifying hazards. The case
study below shows how to identify appropriate methods for different hazards:
Case Study: Identifying Appropriate Methods for Different Hazards

Neil is an owner of a small coffee
shop that is just about to open for
guests. Even before he opens his
coffee shop, he wants to identify
actual and foreseeable hazards
that can happen in his
establishment. He goes to his
building and tries to see if there
are hazards that can be seen with
his eyes.
When he arrived at his coffee shop, he saw that his baristas had their training. Even they are
getting ready for the near opening of the shop. He talked to them and asked them questions
about the hazards that they think they noticed while having trained there. Here are the
hazards that he identified:
 There is no working flush inside the bathroom
 Some equipment is not working
 The coffee shop is too hot, according to one of the baristas
 Some electrical equipment is near the sink
 One barista got injured while mopping the floor
While checking all these situations, he comes up with the proper methods to completely
identify them. These methods are the following:
 There is no working flush inside the bathroom. The method needed is inspecting the
workplace.
 Some equipment is not working. The method needed is inspecting the workplace.
 The coffee shop is too hot, according to one of the baristas. The methods are:
o Monitoring the workplace environment
o Investigating or reviewing staff complaints
 Some electrical equipment is near the sink. The method needed is inspecting the
workplace.
 One barista got injured while mopping the floor. Methods needed are investigating
accidents and incidents and reviewing injury or illness registers.

Learner Resource
1.3 Keep Records of Identified Hazards
The previous subchapter discussed hazard identification when working alone or with other personnel.
It also mentioned the personnel that can be involved in risk management. These personnel are the
following:
WHS committee
Contractors Managers WHS representatives
members
Staff Supervisor Suppliers
It also explained the responsibilities of each person. This reflects that every person in the workplace
is important for the management of hazards and risks.
In this subchapter, you will learn about record keeping. It is mentioned in Subchapter 1.1 that there
are specific templates and tools to use in hazard identification. This time, it is all about keeping records
of these templates and tools. But before that, let’s define what a record is. A record is a piece of
evidence about something. You record hazards as part of risk management. This record serves as
evidence or a report that certain things in the workplace are prone to danger.
Record gathering requires good record keeping, which is the management of recorded information.
It can be written or digital. In addition, record keeping is important in hazard identification because
it gives workers the information that they need to know. At the same time, it is open to new hazards
that can possibly harm the staff in a workplace.
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The Work Health and Safety Act 2011 stipulates that records of identified hazards must be kept. The
length of time to store them should be a minimum of seven years. It can also be the time specified
within the legislation. The legislation allows organisations to determine how these records are kept.
That is why employees must know the organisation’s policy and procedure on how to do this.
The legislation also states the types of records for identified hazards an organisation must keep:
Incident reports and incident register
First aid register
WHS training
WHS policies and procedures
Hazard identification tools specific to the organisation
All hazard identifications conducted
All completed hazard reports
Workers’ compensation forms
Diaries of meetings, agendas of meetings and minutes of meetings identifying hazards
Safe work procedures
Emergency plans including emergency evacuation plans, etc.
These must be kept according to the organisation’s policies and procedures. Organisations must also
consider legislation requirements. Records can be stored using several methods. It is best to require
more than one. In this case, backup records are available if anything happens in the future.
Records can be kept physically on the premises, a storage site or an external server. All records should
be managed through version controls to guarantee the latest template and information are at hand.
In addition to legislation, codes of practice provide documented advice on methods. This is to achieve
the minimum acceptable levels of safety performance. While the legislation explains the ‘what’, codes
of practice explain the ‘how’. If WHS legislation is breached, the code of practice can provide evidence
to show an employer or employee has breached their duty of care. This might be used to provide
evidence an organisation is not meeting minimum requirements.

Learner Resource
Consultation should form part of the code of practice for work health and safety matters. Consultation
requires that:
 Relevant work health and safety information is shared with workers
 Workers are given a reasonable opportunity to express their views and to raise health or
safety issues
 Workers are given a reasonable opportunity to contribute to the decision-making process
relating to health and safety matters
 The views of workers are taken into account
 Workers are advised on the outcome of any consultation in a timely manner
Codes of practice relevant to the hospitality and events industries may include:
How to manage and How to manage

Hazardous manual
Confined spaces control asbestos in work health and
tasks
the workplace safety risks
Aside from that, there are requirements in how to perform record keeping. These requirements
ensure the organised filing of identified hazards. Some of these requirements are the following:
Requirement Description
 Business owners should ensure to undertake risk

Creating a risk assessment plan assessments conducted by a competent person
 Assessment should be recorded in writing
 If an incident occurs, the worker or the company must

Reporting incidents keep the risk assessment for two years after the incident
occurred
 Workers should keep copies of the assessment until at

Keeping copies
least 28 days after it is completed
For specific record-keeping legislation for each state and territory, go back to Further Reading, which
can be found in Subchapter 1.2.
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Identified Hazard Record

A hazard checklist is different from a hazard record. A checklist only lists possible hazardous incidents
caused by different equipment. The table below shows the possible components of an identified
hazard record and how to use it:
Component How to Use
This is where you describe the equipment, tools or people

Description of hazard
involved.
Describe where the hazard is located. You can also

Location of hazard describe other places where the same hazard can take
place.
Date of identification Put the complete date when the hazard was identified.
Time of identification Complete data of time is also needed.
This is where you list any suggestions on how to reduce or

Recommended action to fix
eliminate the risk.
Date and time submitted to manager Put the complete date and time when the report was
or supervisor submitted.
Management acknowledgement Answerable by a yes or no.
This is where you describe how the management resolved

What to do to resolve
the hazard.
Consideration of hazard being fixed Answerable by a yes or no.
This is where you put your name, position at work and

Staff’s information
signature.
Hazard records may contain a lot of these templates. It is always important to report and make records
of these hazards. It is for you to avoid these hazards taking place in the workplace. After all, prevention
is still better than cure.

Learner Resource
1.3.1 How to Keep Records of Identified Hazards
With all the requirements and legislative procedures that you need to take note of in record
keeping, it may sound tedious and tiring. Below are some steps that you can follow in keeping
records of hazards according to organisational procedures:
Complete all the requirements for filing.
Sort the record according to its type and security classification.
Store and file records in a secured place. Make sure that only authorised person can access
them.
Put the correct label so that the record will be easier to retrieve for future use.
Dispose of old records that are outside their advised period of keeping.
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Notes

Learner Resource
Key Points: Chapter 1

• A hazard is a situation or thing that has the potential to cause harm to a person.
• Tools are different devices that can help expand the ability of someone to do work, while
templates are a preset format for a document or file.
• The Work Health and Safety (WHS) Act of 2011 involves balanced and consistent security
for the health and safety of workers in the workplace.
• Methods are procedures that you follow to accomplish something in an organised way.
• Personnel is a person employed in a company.
• Record keeping is the management of recorded information. It can be written or digital.
Learning Checkpoint
Now that you have finished this chapter, let’s do some learning exercises.
Get your Learning Activity Booklet provided with this Learner Resource. Complete
the learning activities for this chapter.
For guidance and additional instructions on these activities, talk to your
trainer/assessor.
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Chapter 2: Assess the Safety Risk Associated With a Hazard
The previous chapter mainly discussed things to understand about identifying hazards. The same
chapter specifically explained the following topics:
 Accessing and using hazard identification tools and template documents
 Working alone or with other personnel to identify hazards
 Keeping records of identified risks
Identifying hazards is just the first part of the risk management procedures. Next to it is knowing the
risks that can be associated with said hazards. Assessing safety risks is an important factor in fully
mapping the risk management procedure of a company. In this chapter, you will learn how to assess
the safety risk associated with a hazard. This chapter will specifically discuss the following topics:
 Accessing and using risk assessment tools and template documents
 Working alone or with other personnel to use a systematic method to assess the risk
 Collecting sufficient evidence of the type and level of risk
 Documenting the outcome of the risk assessment
 Keeping records of risk assessment

Learner Resource
2.1 Access and Use Risk Assessment Tools and Template Documents
It is mentioned in the previous chapter that a hazard is a situation or thing that has the potential to
cause harm to a person. Risk is potential harm (death, injury or illness) when exposed to the hazards
mentioned. Someone may fall from a ladder, lose a finger using a blender or burn themselves with
chemicals.
Risk control is the process used to manage health and safety in the workplace. It is taking action to
eliminate health and safety risks. If not possible, minimising the risks is practicable. Risk assessment is
evaluating risks caused by hazards by their probability and severity. An organisation can use a range
of tools and methods to do this.
Examples of risks are the following:
Hazards Risks Cause
Sharp objects
 Knives
 Cuts  Equipment with
 Incision blades such as:
 Injuries o Blender
o Slicer
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Hazards Risks Cause
Hot surfaces or fire  Fire

 Hot pots and pans
 Major and minor  Hot equipment
burns such as:
 Explosion o Stove
o Oven
o Griller
Slipping
 Wet floors
 Injuries  Spilled grease or
 Falls oil
 Slippery floors
Heavy equipment
 Carrying heavy
 Muscle strain loads
 Injury  Improper lifting
practices
Poisoning
 Death  Chemicals
 Poisoning  Cleaning agents

Learner Resource
By recalling the diagram shown in Subchapter 1.1, it is recommended by WHS to have a risk
assessment after identifying hazards. Same with hazard identification, a risk assessment must have its
tools and templates to have proper records of it.
Identify hazard
Review Assess risk
Control risk
Accessing templates is one of the initial steps in risk management. Access means to obtain or examine
something. Mentioned and explained in Subchapter 1.1 are the ways to access and use hazard and
risk assessment tools and template documents. It was also mentioned there that these tools and
templates are available in every company. If not, documents are available on the Internet. You only
must modify it according to the needs and management of the organisation.
To further understand the process, read the case study below:
Case Study: Applying Four-Stage Risk Management

Neil was assigned to take charge in preparing for the incoming team-building activity. He plans to
conduct their team building activity in The Continent Hotel. Activities will involve a number of
outdoor physical activities such as team races, wall climbing, and dodgeball. To ensure that
employees will be safe during the event, risk management process must be implemented.
Upon reviewing the stages for risk management, he came up with the following ways to
demonstrate them.
 Identify hazard
In identifying hazard, he can do it by:
o Inspecting the areas where team building activities will be conducted
o Checking equipment and facilities that employees will use in the activities
o Identifying employees who are at-risk for illness or injuries before joining events,
i.e., reviewing illness and injury registers
o Identifying other environmental conditions, such as the weather on when the event
will be conducted
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 Assess risk
In assessing risks, he can do it by:
o If the team building activity will be conducted on summer, the company must plan
for possibilities of heat stroke, heat exhaustion or sunburns.
o If multiple employees are at-risk for illnesses or injuries, person planning the
activities must consider easy to moderate difficulty levels in tasks.
 Control risk
In controlling risks, he can do it by:
o If the team building activity will be conducted on summer, employees must be
reminded to wear light and comfortable clothing, bring water supplies, and use
sunscreen.
o Activities such as wall climbing requires the person planning the activities check the
safety harnesses and protective gear. They must ensure that these will be available
during the event.
 Review
In reviewing, he can do it by:
o Check if correct procedures for conducting each physical activity is followed
o Regularly check during the duration of the activity if an employee is feeling unwell
o After the activity, review all processes implemented to identify areas for
improvement.

Learner Resource
2.1.1 Risk Assessment Tools and Template Documents

Risk assessment tools and documents are used to analyse the possible risks of a hazard in
detailed form.
By going back to the template in Subchapter 1.1, a risk assessment tool generally looks like this:
Actions to
# Risk Description Probability Severity
Manage Risk
Internal
External
These are the common components of a risk assessment tool and template document:
 Risk number – This part has the number of risks assessed from a hazard.
 Risk – This part has the name of the risk assessed.
 Description – This part discusses the detailed explanation of the risk.
 Probability – This discusses the possibility of a risk happening. It can be from unlikely
to happen to most certain to happen.
 Severity – This discusses how severe one risk can be. It can differ from insignificant to
catastrophic.
 Actions to manage risk – This is where you write or discuss how to manage risk under
the last part.
You may modify templates depending on the needs of your company.
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There are other examples of risk assessment methods or mechanisms used in risk management.
Common risk assessment mechanisms include the following:
Risk Assessment
Description
Mechanisms
A risk matrix is used to assess the level of risk by analysing the

likelihood of the risk from happening, and the severity of the
consequence or impact of the risk should it occur. It shows the level of
risk by looking at the cross-mapping of the likelihood and consequence
of the risk.
This information is presented in a colour-coded table. It helps in
prioritising which risk to address first, what safety measures are to be
used, and how the task should be done.
For example, a risk which is likely to occur and has a major
consequence must be considered as high priority to minimise or
eliminate its impact.
Risk Matrix This is used to evaluate the level of risk by analysing the likelihood of
the risk happening and the severity of the consequence.

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Risk Assessment
Description
Mechanisms
The decision tree is used to visualise and assess the possible outcomes
of implementing several options for control measures.
The information is presented in a flowchart similar to a tree with
branches. It starts with the situation or risk, and the branches contain
the decisions – each one branching out for possible outcomes.
Decision Tree
The Failure mode and effects analysis (FMEA) is used to evaluate

processes for possibility of a harm or failure to occur.
It includes the following information:
 Steps in the process
 Failure mode (what could go wrong?)
Failure modes and
effects analysis  Failure causes (why would the failure happen?)
(FMEA)  Failure effects (What would be the consequences of each
failure?)
Information is usually presented in a table to show relationships of
each data.
FMEA allows teams to prevent failures or risks proactively rather than
address it when it happens.
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Risk Assessment
Description
Mechanisms
This is an organised method that analyses where and how equipment

or an establishment might fail. It also assesses the impact of these
failures.
Failure modes and

effects analysis
(FMEA)
The bowtie model is used to illustrate the relationship of the hazards

and its consequence to a major risk event.
Information is presented like a bowtie, where the risk event is in the
middle. The left-hand side includes the following information:
 All potential threats or triggers that would cause the event to
happen
Bowtie model  Control measures for each threat that would reduce or
eliminate the likelihood of the risk event to happen
The right-hand side includes the following information:
 All potential consequences if the risk event linked to hazard
occurs
 Mitigation steps that you can implement if the risk event
actually happens

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Risk Assessment
Description
Mechanisms
It is used to show a logical flow but easy to understand way of different

scenarios of a risk occurrence.
Bowtie model
Sourced from: https://www.inxsoftware.com/news/wp-

content/uploads/2018/06/How-the-Bowtie-Risk-Analysis-Model-ties-in-
with-your-Safety-Management-840x560.png
2.1.2 How to Access and Use Risk Assessment Tools and Template Documents
As someone who is tasked to assess risk, you must have the corresponding tools and templates
for documenting. Here are some ways to access tools and template documents.
Assessing Safety Risks in Each Hazard

Each hazard produces its own risks. Therefore, each hazard must have its own safety risks
assessment used to identify it properly. The table below shows how to assess the risks of
different hazards.
Hazard Risk Assessment Tool to Use
 Risk matrix
Physical environment
 Decision tree
 Risk matrix
Work practice
 Decision tree
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Hazard Risk Assessment Tool to Use
 Risk matrix
Plant  Failure modes and effect analysis (FMEA)
 Decision tree
 Risk matrix
Security issue  Bowtie model
 Decision tree
How to Assess Safety Risks to Hazards

 Hazards must be identified before implementing the establishment. It also must be
identified when a new hazard is discovered in the workplace.
 Risks must also be assessed accordingly to improve their control measures.
 The company must use corresponding documents and templates to identify hazards
and assess their risks.
 The management should regularly monitor and prevent risks from happening.
 The establishment should produce an updated record following the legal regulations.
How to Access Risk Assessment Tools and Template Documents

 Tools and template documents are most likely pre-made by the company. They do this
to fully accommodate anything that may become a potential risk for staff and guests.
You may ask the management for an existing risk record.
 You may also access tools and template documents available freely on the Internet. You
must choose the tool or template that is best for your organisation. After successfully
accessing it, you must modify it according to the needs of the company.

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How to Use Risk Assessment Tools and Template Documents

We have looked at methods an organisation can use to identify hazards, and these may form
part of an overall risk management plan. This plan may contain the hazard identification
checklist and risk assessment matrix. They are used to determine the likelihood and
consequence of the risks, risk treatment and action plan. A risk matrix is the best risk
assessment tool for the hospitality department.
Let’s first look at the risk matrix, as this will determine which hazard should be managed as a
priority. It is a systematic approach that consists of:
 Identifying the consequence that could result from the hazard
 Estimating the likelihood or probability that an incident or injury could occur
 Determining the overall risk level
Step 1: Consequences are described as:
Rating Name Definition
 First aid required

1 Insignificant
 Costs up to $20,000
 An injury that results in lost time and claims

2 Minor
 Costs between $20,000 and $100,000
 More than two weeks of rehabilitation required

3 Moderate
 Costs between $100,000 and $1 million
 Serious health impacts on multiple or single persons or

4 Major permanent disability
 Costs between $1 million and $5 million
 Death or multiple deaths

5 Catastrophic
 Costs greater than $5 million
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Step 2: Likelihood is categorised as:
Rating Name Definition
The event could occur but not very often (never or

1 Rare
monthly)
The event might occur but only occasionally (once a week

2 Occasionally
or month)
3 Frequent The event occurs daily or regularly
4 Constant The event is expected to occur in most or all circumstances
Once the consequences and likelihood have been determined, the overall risk rating can be
calculated.
This is done by using a simple calculation. For example, if you have identified a hazard as (3)
Moderate in Step 1 and (4) Constant in Step 2, your risk assessment is 3 x 4 = 12. This number
is used to prioritise which hazards are to be dealt with first.

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The following risk matrix is commonly used in organisations to assist with working out the risk
rating. The consequence ratings are slightly different from those listed above. However, as
mentioned, different organisations will use slightly different methods.
CONSEQUENCES
Insignificant Minor Moderate Catastrophic

Major (4)
(1) (2) (3) (5)
Very likely Low/Med, Medium, Med/High,

High, 20 High, 25
(5) 5 10 15
L
I Low/Med, Med/High,
Likely (4) Low, 4 Medium, 12 High, 20
8 16
K
E Possible Low/Med, Med/High,
Low, 3 Medium, 9 Med/High, 15
L (3) 6 12
I Unlikely Low/Med,
Low, 2 Low/Med, 6 Medium, 8 Med/High, 10
H (2) 4
O
Very
O unlikely Low, 1 Low, 2 Low/Med, 3 Medium, 4 Medium, 5
D (1)
Assessing risk may be a lot of work. But if performed with the right tools and templates, work
is going to be easier. As someone who is doing a risk assessment, you must work with the
utmost care and accuracy to avoid bigger problems in the future.
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2.2 Work Alone or With Other Personnel to Use a Systematic Method to Assess the Risk
The previous subchapter focuses on accessing and using risk assessment tools and template
documents. You will also find the six common components of assessment tools in the same
subchapter.
In completing those tools and templates, you must be aware that there are methods on how to assess
risks. They involve not just writing a risk report but also how to assess it. It is common to have the
process done by yourself or accomplish it with other personnel. As discussed in Subchapter 1.3, there
are things to remember when working alone or with other personnel. The list of different people
whom you can be working with is also discussed.
In this subchapter, you will learn how to work alone or with other personnel using a systematic
method of assessing risks.

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2.2.1 Systematic Method to Assess Risk

Every process undergoes different methods to be
accomplished. Most of them even must follow
organised steps. As someone who is doing the
process of risk management, you need to follow
methods in risk assessment.
There are systematic methods to be used in risk
management. Systematic is the word used for doing
something according to a plan. Assessing, on the
other hand, is done to evaluate and analyse
something. The systematic method of assessing risk
calls for following an organised plan in evaluating
the effects of a hazard.
The graphic below shows how the systematic method works in assessing risk:
Identifying the injury, illness or consequences that could result from the hazard
This method requires you to know and name the potential risks resulting from a hazard.
Determining the exposure to the hazard
This method pertains to the the time the It also checks if some people have already
risk was first discovered. experienced the risk.
Estimating the probability that an incident or injury will occur
This method discusses how often an incident or accident may occur.
Determining an overall risk level for the identified hazard
This method analyses the final level of a risk based on the company's risk level evaluation.
Now that these systematic methods are identified and explained, you should now know how to
do them alone or when with other personnel.
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The table below shows how these methods are used when assessing risks alone or with other
personnel. The systematic method includes the following:
How to Perform It With

Method How to Perform It Alone
Other Personnel
Take turns or divide works

Carefully check the possible
with your manager or other
Identifying the injury, risks of different hazards.
staff in identifying different
illness or consequences Make sure to accomplish this
hazards. Make sure to cross-
that could result from the with the utmost care since
check so you can identify
hazard only a pair of eyes are
what have missed risks for
checking it.
different hazards.
Analyse things that come into

Analyse the people or things contact with the hazard with
Determining the exposure
that were in contact with the your supervisor or the WHS
to the hazard
risk. representative. Get the most
detailed information possible.
Evaluate each probability for

Evaluate by asking people each hazard with a WHS
Estimating the probability
around or estimating the committee member or a WHS
that an incident or injury
probability, yourself, representative. Cross-check
will occur
regarding this risk. for the most accurate
probability.
Determining an overall risk Compute with a contractor or

Use a matrix to determine the
level for the identified a supplier for the final risk
overall risk level of a hazard.
hazard level of each risk.

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The table below shows how to use these methods with different risks listed previously.
Hazards How to Perform Method
1. Identify the risks that sharp objects like knives or

Sharp objects slicers can cause.
2. Check who will be exposed to these sharp things.
Check as well where these sharp things will be put in
the establishment.
3. Evaluate how often this risk might happen in the
workplace.
4. Compute the total risk level of this hazard.
1. Identify the risk that can be caused by hot equipment

in the establishment. It may be equipment that
Hot surfaces or fire produces heat or even fire. Equipment that may lead
to an explosion will also be under this.
2. Check who will be exposed to these hot surfaces.
Check as well where this hot-surfaced equipment will
be put in the establishment.
workplace.
1. Identify the risks that slippery surfaces or slopes can

Slipping cause to people, staff or guests.
2. Check who will be exposed to these hazards. Check as
well where these hazards are located.
workplace.
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Hazards How to Perform Method
1. Identify the risks that can be caused by heavy

Heavy equipment equipment or lifting heavy equipment to people, staff
or guests.
well where these hazards are mostly located.
workplace.
1. Identify the risks that poisonous materials can cause.

Poisoning This can be from ingesting or being in contact with
poisonous materials.
well where these hazards are mostly located.
workplace.
It is always better to identify risks early to know how to properly address and accommodate the
need to eliminate or control them.
Remember
A risk matrix is the most common method used in risk assessment. However, some
organisations use the other mentioned methods. It is mostly based on the needed
method of the company. They choose the best method to address their
establishment's possible risks.

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2.2.2 Basic Aspects of Work Health and Safety Legislation

Consultation is an important part of risk
assessment. Consultation is the act of
discussing with an expert or a
professional in a certain field. In risk
management, companies and
organisations must consult with work
health and safety experts. This is to
know the proper ways to do risk
assessments. This also gives different
ways to address and accommodate the
following:
 Elimination of risks
 Control of risks
WHS requires risk assessments for every organisation or company. The requirements needed
for risk assessment are:
 When, where and how risk assessments must be conducted
 Consultation in the hazard identification and risk assessment process
 WHS committees or WHS representatives as mechanisms for consultations
The table below explains requirements according to work health and safety:
Requirement Explanation
 When - Risk assessment should be conducted at any time.

Remember that risks are possible to happen at any time.
Main instances can be the following:
o There is uncertainty about how a hazard may result in
When, where and
injury or illness
how risks
assessments must o The work activity involves a number of different
be conducted hazards and there is a lack of understanding about
how the hazards may interact with each other to
produce new or greater risks
o Changes at the workplace occur that may impact on
the effectiveness of control measures.
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Situations when risk assessment may not be required:

o A code of practice or other guidance sets out a way of
controlling a hazard or risk that is applicable to your
situation.
o There are well-known and effective controls that are
in use in the particular industry that are suited to the
circumstances in your workplace
o Where - Risk assessment should be conducted in
every place where hazards are present. Always
remember that if there are hazards in the place, risk
will surely follow.
Examples of work areas where risk assessment must be
conducted:
o Food preparation and cooking areas, e.g., grill area,
When, where and fryer area, cold storage
how risks
o Equipment and machinery used in the kitchen, e.g.,
assessments must
stoves, planetary mixers, food processors
be conducted
o Fire safety, e.g., availability of fire extinguishers, fire
blankets
o Chemical safety, e.g., storage and handling of
chemicals such as cleaning agents
o Manual handling, e.g., lifting of heavy loads in
deliveries
o Electrical safety, e.g., maintenance and use of
electrical equipment
o Use of personal protective equipment, e.g., use of
gloves, apron, face masks during food preparation
and cooking
o Lighting and ventilation, e.g., ensuring that light and
ventilation is adequate to allow safe movement of
kitchen staff

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 How - Every hazard has the potential to produce many sorts

and degrees of harm, ranging from a slight inconvenience to
major injury or death. Each of the outcomes entails a different
sort of injury with varying degrees of severity and a different
chance of occurring.
When, where and How to conduct risk assessments in the workplace
how risks
o Identify the harm that might occur from the hazard
assessments must
identified.
be conducted
o Assess the severity of the harm, including factors that
could influence its severity; number of people who
will be affected if they are exposed to the hazard;
escalation of the harm to more serious consequences
o Assess the likelihood of the harm from occurring
This involves all your workers and staff in the workplace. This includes
sharing of information, relatively the experiences of the workers.
These experiences are witnessed situations in the workplace.
Below are instances when a person conducting a business or
undertaking is required a consult with workers.
 Hazard identification and risk assessment on work health and
safety from work carried out or to be undertaken
 Decision-making on how to eliminate or minimise identified
Consultation in the risks
hazard identification  Decision-making on adequacy of working facilities for workers
and risk assessment
 Proposal of changes that might impact the health or safety of
process
workers
 Decision-making on procedures for consulting workers on
areas including:
o Resolving WHS issues in the workplace
o Monitoring the health of workers
o Monitoring workplace conditions under the PCBU’s
management or control
o Providing WHS information and training for workers
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Alongside are examples of information that a person conducting a

business or undertaking must share with workers before undertaking
the consultations.
 Health and safety policies and procedures
 Technical guidance about hazards, risks and risk control
measures
 Hazard reports and risk assessment
 Proposed changes to the workplace, systems of work, plant
or substances
 Data on incidents, illnesses or injuries
Consultation in the WHS consultation is a mandatory legal requirement under the

hazard identification WHS Act. Involving everyone in the workplace when talking
and risk assessment about work health and safety risks and concerns allow the
process organisation to work together to find solutions to address
these concerns.
Informed decisions on how to implement safe work practices can be
best made once the PCBU has gathered feedback from workers. This
also provides commitment and awareness for other members of the
workplace if they are actively involved in the planning and decision-
making on addressing safety concerns.
Consultation, coordination, and cooperation activities will occur once
the PCBU becomes aware, or other duty holders will be involved in
any workplace tasks. Consultation must start during the planning of
the work tasks to ensure that health and safety measures are
identified at the start. Cooperation and coordination must be an
ongoing process throughout the period of work.
 According to the Work Health and Safety (How to Manage

Work Health and Safety Risks) Code of Practice 2015, Section
WHS committees or 48, if the workers are represented by a health and safety
WHS representative, the consultation must involve that
representatives as representative.
mechanisms for
consultation  The method will be the same as the methods mentioned in
this chapter, but if WHS representatives are present, they
should be involved.

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2.3 Collect Sufficient Evidence of the Type and Level of Risk
The previous subchapter discussed working alone or with other personnel in using a systematic
method of assessing risks. The systematic method includes:
 Identifying the injury, illness or consequences that could result from the hazard
 Determining the exposure to the hazard
 Estimating the probability that an incident or injury will occur
 Determining an overall risk level for the identified hazard
In the same subchapter, the different risk assessment mechanisms commonly used are listed and
explained. The subchapter gave us four common mechanisms, which are:
Risk matrix
Decision tree
Failure modes and effects analysis (FMEA)
Bowtie model
In every investigation, it is a must to have enough amount of evidence. In risk management, you must
be aware that there are different types of risks and their associated levels. In this important part of
management, you must know how to collect evidence properly. Collecting is the act of gathering things
together. It also includes seeking, acquiring or organising collected things. Collecting evidence of risks
will also help you in determining the probability of a risk happening. It will also help you identify the
severity of assessed risks.
In this subchapter, you will learn how to collect evidence and read about the different types of risks,
along with their associated levels.
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2.3.1 Collecting Sufficient Evidence
It was mentioned that risk management requires the collection of evidence. Evidence is
something that indicates that something is true, real or valid. Evidence can be in different forms,
such as papers, materials or records.
Risk assessment requires evidence. These may vary from historical records to staff and guests’
experiences.
Collecting sufficient and detailed evidence of the type and level of risk posed by the identified
hazard is important. This enables the hazard to be better understood and an accurate level of
risk determined. Evidence that can be collected includes:
 Looking for hazards using a systematic method
 Consulting with WHS representatives
 Reviewing past incidences and incident reports
 Consulting with workers, suppliers and contractors
 Practising policy and procedures
 Conducting a safety audit using a hazard identification checklist
 Conducting scientific or technical evaluation
 Consulting with industry associations.
Check if relevant legislation already has guidelines or rules in place to manage a hazard
specifically.

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How to Collect Evidence of Risk

Collecting evidence follows the steps below:
1. Creating a record – This step is for researching past records if there are any. This also
allows staff and workers to create new records, which may be written or photographed.
This may start with filling out a risk assessment form.
2. Securing evidence – This is done when the staff or worker already has the written or
photographed records. You should be able to keep the pieces of evidence for inspection
towards the next step.
3. Consultation – Having pieces of evidence is not enough until someone, like your
supervisor or manager, validates it. This is also the step where you and your upper
officers will have a consultation to analyse the pieces of evidence taken for the risk.
4. Updating records – If pieces of evidence are already validated and verified, it is now
time to keep the newly-confirmed records for future use.
Upon knowing the steps on how to collect evidence, you should also know if your evidence is
already enough. Below are some guidelines to remember in order to know if your evidence is
enough.
Guidelines Explanation
 Does your evidence answer the questions that underly the risk?
Credentials  Where did you get the evidence from?
 Who is the source of the evidence?
 Is your evidence a primary source?

Type of Source  Is it a piece of the original evidence from the source where you
got it from?
 Is your evidence up to date?

Currency
 How long was it since the evidence was taken?
 Is your evidence specific to the risk it should be connected to?

Specific
 Does it specifically support the claim?
 Does it develop a strong argument for the risk?

Argument
 Does it give the correct interpretation to assess risk?
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2.3.2 Types and Levels of Risks
Types and levels differ from each other. Types pertain to the categories, while levels are the
scales of amount, quantity or quality of something.
In risk assessment, the types of risks are the following:
Physical risk
Chemical risk
Biological risk
Ergonomic risk
Psychological risk
Electrical risk
Fire risk
Noise risk
Radiation risk
Vehicle risk
On the other hand, these are the different levels of risk:
Low risk Medium risk High risk

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Below are tables that discuss the different types of risks possible in the hospitality sector:
Types of Risk Definition Example
This includes hazards that may harm  Slipping

Physical risk the physical body of the kitchen or
hotel staff.  Tripping
 Pesticide exposure
This includes exposure to harmful
Chemical risk  Cleaning product
chemicals.
poisoning
This includes exposure to harmful  Bacterial infection

Biological risk
microorganisms.  Virus exposure
 Improper lifting of
This includes the hazards related to heavy objects
Ergonomic risk how tasks are performed in the
workplace.  Improper sitting
position
This includes the hazards in terms of  Stress

Psychological risk
the mental state of a worker.  Burnout
This includes hazards related to  Electric shock

Electrical risk
electricity.  Short circuit explosion
 Burns
Fire risk This includes hazards related to fire.
 Explosions
 Temporary or
This includes hazards related to
Noise risk permanent hearing
excessive noise.
loss
 Ultraviolet radiation
This includes hazards related to exposure
Radiation risk
radiation.  Radiofrequency
radiation exposure
This includes hazards related to the  Car accidents

Vehicle risk
usage of vehicles.  Collision
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A company might face different risks. Every department of an organisation should be working
hand in hand in addressing the risks.
Levels of risk, on the other hand, are divided into three main levels. The next table below
discusses the levels of risks:
Level Definition Example
 An injury that only

This is a risk that is rare to happen
requires first-aid
and results in negligible damage. It
Low
does not need any involved specialist  Short-term pain
services.
 Dizziness
 Sprain
Medium This is a risk that is likely to happen.  Dermatitis
 Strain
 Fracture
This is a risk that is seriously  Poisoning
High disruptive and threatens the life of a
person.  Loss of blood
 Fatal disease
Always remember to consider the type and level of risk before collecting any evidence. This will
prevent you from getting unnecessary pieces of evidence for risk management.

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Case Study: Collect Sufficient Evidence of Type and Level of Risk
Neil finally opens his coffee shop! Everything is going smoothly, and he has a lot of customers.
However, in his first month of production, he encountered two incidents in the workplace. These
incidents are:
1. Someone had an allergy attack after eating a slice of chocolate cake with crushed walnuts
2. There was a fight that caused a cut on the hand of the worker when he was stopping the
fight
He started collecting evidence from these incidents. He then did the following steps:
1. He classified it under high-level systematic risk since it is an accident and may lead to the
death of the customer. He recorded the incident that happened and took the primary pieces
of evidence. These are the customer’s cake and their statement. He discovered that the
customer was allergic to peanuts. He came up with the decision to include the allergens in
each food on the menu. He also instructed his workers to warn customers before letting
them order the food they wanted. After investigating, he kept the incident record for future
purposes.
2. He classified the risk under low-level systematic and social risk since it is an accident and
will only need first aid from the staff. He recorded the incident that happened and took the
primary pieces of evidence. These are the customer’s injury and the statements of both
sides. He came up with the decision to manage his customers’ organised service. He also
made sure to keep first-aid kits in the café. After investigating, he kept the incident record
for future purposes.
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2.4 Document the Outcome of the Risk Assessment
The previous subchapter discussed the collection of risk evidence. It emphasised that evidence should
be collected properly and must be sufficient for a more detailed record of it. You also learnt in the
previous subchapter about the three levels and ten types of risks. These levels and types are:
Types of risks Levels of risks
• Physical risk • Low risk

•Chemical risk • Medium risk
•Biological risk • High risk
•Ergonomic risk
•Psychological risk
•Electrical risk
•Fire risk
•Noise risk
•Radiation risk
•Vehicle risk
Now, once the hazard has been identified, the risk associated with the hazard has been analysed, and
sufficient evidence has been collected, the next step is to collate all this information into a risk
assessment. Again, a template is a practical tool to use for this procedure.

Learner Resource
In this subchapter, you will learn how to document risk assessment outcomes and the suggested
actions to eliminate or control risks. With that, you have to be familiar with the common methods to
eliminate or control risks. These methods are the following:
Substituting a system of work or equipment with something safe
Isolating the hazard
Introducing engineering controls
Adopting administrative controls
Using personal protective equipment
Implementing combined control methods to minimise risk
Referring to a higher-level staff member for decision on implementing controls
2.4.1 Documenting Outcomes

In order to manage risks in the workplace, the establishment should know how to eliminate or
control them. In eliminating or controlling risks, you are to learn seven methods. You should
apply these methods in documenting outcomes as we continue the discussion. But first, you
should know what documenting is.
Documenting is the process of recording something or a situation in the form of written,
photographic or digital files. In risk management, documenting is important. It is because this
activity requires records that are used to evaluate other risks and hazards. On the other hand,
the outcome is the result or the way something will turn out.
In risk management, in order to properly document risks, make sure that you know the
outcomes that they may create. Outcomes of risks may include the following:
Legal corrective
Satisfied / Satisfied /
actions / praise for Tarnished or good
dissatisfied dissatisfied guests
implementing reputation
employees or costumers
corrective actions
Lost or gained Succeeded or failed Financial loss or Failure or success of

opportunities projects gain the business
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These are just some outcomes that may possibly happen in the workplace if risks are not
properly addressed or managed. These outcomes should be taken seriously like how you
address risks in the workplace. In order to handle these outcomes, you should know how to
document them.
Below are some ways to document the outcomes of risk assessments:
Step Title Description Example
Describe/name the activity,

Using and cleaning the meat
1 Activity task or process with the
slicer
associated risk
The safety guard is removed

2 Hazards Describe the hazard
from the machine
Could slice off a part of the

Describe the consequences and
3 Potential risks finger or lower arm
impacts of the risk
depending on the settings
SOP
Describe existing risk control Training of new staff to
4 Existing controls
measures in place ensure correct knowledge of
equipment
(If relevant) Done when there is

5 Risk score Medium to high level of risk
an existing control for the risk
6 Action required Use of the hierarchy of controls Retraining
New score after applying new

7 Final score Medium to high level of risk
or added control
The person who will implement

8 Implementation Head chef or supervisor
the documentation
These are the positive

Possible outcomes Lesser possibility of an
outcomes that may happen if
(if controlled) accident for the workers.
the risk is controlled
9
These are the negative Workers will leave because
Possible outcomes
outcomes that may happen if the workplace is not safe for
(if not controlled)
the risk is not controlled them to work.

Learner Resource
In documenting outcomes, you must take note of the suggested methods for controlling
outcomes. The table below shows the suggested methods for controlling risks:
Methods in Controlling Risks Explanation
Substituting a system of work

This is changing things and pieces of equipment or system of
or equipment with something
work with something safer than the original.
safe
This is done by keeping workers and guests away from the

hazard. Only limited personnel are allowed to manage them.
This is putting tools or parts to make pieces of equipment

Introducing engineering
safer to use. It also includes changing the design or structure
controls
of equipment or amenities to avoid the hazard.
This is done by managing the workers’ exposure to risks.

Adopting administrative
controls For example, a supervisor reminded the staff of the policies
of the organisation.
The last resort of risk control. This is done by providing PPEs

Using personal protective to workers and implementing their usage.
equipment (PPEs) For example, a member of the kitchen staff must wear gloves
when preparing dishes or food.
This is done when one control is not enough to control risk.

Implementing combined For example, some pieces of equipment might need both:
control methods to minimise
 Engineering control
risk
 Protective equipment
Referring to a higher-level This is done every time a risk is assessed. Managers,

staff member for a decision on supervisors or even WHS representatives are involved in this
implementing controls method.
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Multimedia
To have additional knowledge about risk outcomes, please watch the video below.
Risk Management - Consequences

Learner Resource
2.5 Keep Records of Risk Assessment
The previous subchapter discussed documenting outcomes of risk assessment. In that subchapter, it
was mentioned that there are common ways to control risks. These methods are the following:
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This subchapter will focus on keeping records of risk assessment. It was explained in Subchapter 1.3
the important ways to record a hazard. As a recall, a record is also a piece of evidence about
something. You record hazards as part of risk management. This record serves as evidence or a report
that certain things in the workplace are prone to danger. And recording hazards is not the last thing
you should do. Record keeping in risk assessment is also an important task that follows the process.
As mentioned in Subchapter 1.3, record gathering requires good record keeping. Record keeping is the
management of recorded information, which can be written or digital. It gives workers the information
that they need to know.
This chapter focuses on keeping records of assessed risk. Assessment is the evaluation of the quality
or ability of something. In this subchapter, you will learn how to keep records of risk assessment.
Upon recalling from Subchapter 1.3, there are requirements on how to perform record keeping. These
requirements ensure the organised filing of identified hazards. Some of these requirements are:
Requirement Description
 Business owners should ensure to undertake risk

Creating a risk assessment assessments conducted by a competent person
plan
 Assessment should be recorded in writing
 If an incident occurs, the worker or the company must

Reporting incidents keep the risk assessment for two years after the incident
occurred
 Workers should keep copies of the assessment until at

Keeping copies
least 28 days after it is completed
These requirements are also used for risk assessment. They are generally for risk management record
keeping. For specific record-keeping legislation in each state and territory, go back to Further Reading,
which can be found in Subchapter 1.2.
According to Safe Work Australia of 2011, it may seem a cumbersome task to keep all workplace health
and safety records for a lengthy period, but there are benefits from doing so. These are that it:
 Allows you to demonstrate how decisions about controlling risks are made
 Assists in targeting training in key hazards
 Provides a basis for preparing safe work procedures
 Allows you to review risks following any changes more easily to legislation or business
activities
 Demonstrates to others that work health and safety risks are being managed

Learner Resource
The Act also lists the types of records an organisation must retain. These records include:
 Risk management plans
 Risk assessment matrix
 Risk register
 Risk treatment schedule and plan
 Risk action plan
 Control measures used to control the risks
 Audit results
 Diaries of meetings, agendas of meetings and minutes of meetings that determine the risk
 Policies and procedures developed from the risk assessment
 Safe work procedures developed from the risk assessment
 Any follow-up action plans
 Monitoring measures
Next to recall is the risk assessment template and its components. You learnt in Subchapter 2.1 the
common format of a risk assessment tool:
Actions to Manage
# Risk Description Probability Severity
Risk
Internal
External
For the explanations of each component, refer to Subchapter 2.1.
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Risk assessment templates can be applied in two formats. These are the qualitative and quantitative
format.
 Qualitative risk assessment template

This shows a matrix or visual representation of the risks assessment without the use of specific
numerical values. It shows the likelihood of each risk in one axis, and its consequence on the
other axis. Risks are classified as extreme, high, moderate, or low depending on the
intersecting values of the likelihood and consequence in the matrix.
 Quantitative risk assessment template
This is typically presented in a matrix as well, however, numerical values are assigned for the
likelihood and consequence of each risk. It also shows the likelihood of risk in one axis, and its
consequence on the other. Risks are ranked based on the values, with the highest value
considered as most significant.
Alongside this, the following are the 10 types of information typically found in risk assessment
templates. These are the following:
Description / type of hazard
Associated risk / harm that may be caused by the hazard
Likelihood of the risk to occur
Consequence / impact of risk
Level of risk / risk rating
Controls currently in place
Further controls required / revised control measures
Person responsible for implementation of controls
Due date to implement controls
Date when controls where implemented / date completed
Risk assessment templates are used to identify, assess, and prioritise risks. Identified hazards are
recorded in this template, then based on the likelihood and consequence of its associated risks,
control measures and priorities are identified.
This tool aims to monitor how the organisation manages work health and safety risks in the workplace.
2.5.1 How to Keep Records of Risk Assessment

It is also important to keep records of assessed risks. This is essential for a faster review of the
risk in the establishment for present and future use. For steps on how to keep records according
to the organisational procedure, refer to Subchapter 1.3.

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Notes
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• Risk is potential harm (e.g. death, injury or illness) when exposed to the hazard.
• Risk control is the process used to manage health and safety in the workplace.
• Systematic is the word used for doing something according to a plan. It is doing something
by following a fixed plan. Assessing, on the other hand, is done to evaluate and analyse
something.
• Consultation is the act of having a discussion with an expert or a professional in a certain
field.
• Collecting evidence of risks will also help you in determining the probability of a risk
happening. It will also help you identify the severity of assessed risks.
• In risk management, documenting is important. This is because this activity requires records
that are used to evaluate other risks and hazards.
• Record keeping is the management of recorded information.
Learning Checkpoint
trainer/assessor.

Learner Resource
Chapter 3: Eliminate or Control the Risk
The previous chapter discussed and focused on assessing the safety risks associated with hazards. In
that chapter, you learnt the following topics:
Accessing and using risk assessment tools and template documents
Working alone or with other personnel to use a systematic method to assess the risk
Collecting sufficient evidence of the type and level of risk
Documenting the outcome of the risk assessment
Keeping records of the risk assessment
The next step is to implement effective control measures to eliminate the risk. Reducing the severity
of the risk needs to be looked at and executed if risk cannot be eliminated.
In this sense, the organisation or establishment may eliminate or control the risks. Elimination of risks
is possible if the identified hazard can be removed from the establishment. In that case, that hazard
will not cause any danger anymore. Controlling is done when hazards are unavoidable. Such accidents
are inevitable in the workplace. In that case, management can minimise the possibility of this hazard
taking place.
In this subchapter, you will learn the following:
Ways of eliminating and controlling risks with

Taking measures to eliminate and control risks
others
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3.1 Discuss Ways of Eliminating or Controlling the Risk With Others
Risk management should always be a collaborative undertaking. This allows for different opinions and
options to be heard and for the best methods to be implemented.
Consultation with other employees is mandatory as part of the Work Health and Safety Act 2011. It
consists of the following:
 Identifying hazards
 Determining the risk
 Deciding on and implementing control measures
Do not forget to keep records of these consultations.
With this, you must learn the ways to eliminate or control risks. There are many ways to perform this.
In this subchapter, you will gain knowledge about the following:
Common methods in controlling risks
Five-step hierarchal processes of control
How to eliminate or control risks with other personnel

Learner Resource
3.1.1 Eliminating or Controlling Risks
Controlling is a part of a goal in management. It ensures that things are happening according to
the plan. In risk management, controlling is done when you cannot eliminate risk. On the other
hand, eliminating is the act of getting rid of something in the process.
Controlling risks has these common methods. They were mentioned in Subchapter 2.4. These
methods may include:
These methods can effectively control risk in a workplace. There will be instances in which risk
is bound to stay in the workplace and cannot be eliminated. In that case, controlling it is the
best solution you can do. Try to always remember that eliminating is just a part of controlling
risk. This can be seen and observed using the hierarchy of control in risk management.
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Hierarchy is an organisational structure that

ranks things according to their level of Elimination
importance. In risk assessment, you should
be aware of the hierarchy of control. This is
used in evaluating the control needed for a Substitution
certain risk. It also decides whether a risk is
for control or elimination.
The hierarchy of controls is a system Isolation
organisation used to reduce or eradicate
exposure to hazards. It is widely accepted
Engineering
and used across all industries. There are five Controls
levels of the hierarchy of controls.
Elimination is the highest control measure.
Personal protection equipment (PPE) is the PPE
lowest.
The diagram above shows the five-step hierarchy of controls. When you look at it, each level
becomes smaller, meaning it is a less reliable control measure. Is it better to remove a hazard
altogether or rely on someone to wear safety goggles? Having said that, if the hazard cannot be
eliminated, more than one control measure may be employed to control it.
The table below shows a further explanation of the hierarchy of controls:
Control Measure Description Example
Broken glass – Sweep up and

Elimination Remove the hazard
dispose of safely
Replace the hazard with a safer Replace a piece of equipment

Substitution
alternative with a safer version
Isolation of equipment that may

Isolation Removal of broken equipment
cause harm.
Change or redesign of Install vents; use a trolley,

Engineering Controls equipment, tools and the way policies and procedures, signs
people think and training
Personal Protection Provide ear plugs, gloves,

Provide staff with PPE
Equipment (PPE) goggles

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As mentioned, it may not be possible to totally eliminate a hazard, but it may be possible to
adopt more than one control measure. Systematically work through the hierarchy and discuss
with colleagues or WHS committee members the control measures that are the strongest and
most suitable.
How to Use the Hierarchy of Control in Controlling or Eliminating Hazards

 Removing the hazard from the workplace is the very first thing you need to do.
 If the hazard cannot be removed, substitute the hazard with a safer alternative. You can
also make sure to keep the hazard away from the worker or guests as much as possible.
 Next is to adapt tools or equipment to reduce risk. An example may be putting on-guard
locks in big equipment like planetary mixers or slicers.
 If the first three controls are not effective enough, administrative controls should be
done. Changes in work practices can be done by training staff or rotating jobs.
 The last resort is using PPE if hazards are bound to stay in the workplace. This PPE can
be hearing or eye protection, hard hats or shoes.
3.1.2 Eliminating or Controlling Risks With Other Personnel

Going back to Subchapter 1.2, personnel in the workplace may include the following:
WHS committee WHS

Contractors Managers
members representatives
Staff Supervisor Suppliers
You must have other people with you to evaluate situations happening in the workplace.
Remember that some hazards and risks are not a one-person job. Some may require more
people to analyse them better.
To work with other people in the workplace, you need to know how to discuss things with them.
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In general terms, you should know how to discuss things in a group effectively. In preparing for
a discussion, you should take note of the following:
 Plan – Create a plan on what to discuss with other people. This will avoid taking too
much time to talk about unnecessary topics.
 Enumerate agenda to the people – This will help them prepare what they are going to
say in the discussion.
 Be open to questions – Be prepared for not just questions but also suggestions from
other people. Remember that some work is not meant to be accomplished by yourself.
You may need help from other people.
 Recall – Restate all the discussed topics and created solutions to ensure that nothing is
forgotten and everything is addressed.
 Clarify – Clarify all the things discussed in the meeting and ask people about any
clarifications before ending it.
Using the hierarchy of control, here is how you discuss ways to eliminate or control risk with
other personnel in the workplace:
Control Measure How to Discuss
Elimination
 This is your first choice when a hazard is
identified.
 Talk to all the staff that may be affected by the
hazard.
 Get their opinions about the possibility of the
hazard being removed or retained.
Substitution
 This is done when hazards cannot be eliminated.
 Talk to other people about the possible
substitutes for some hazards in the workplace.
 Make sure to consider the suggestions of the
staff, especially the experts.

Learner Resource
Control Measure How to Discuss
Engineering
 Discuss with other people, especially those who
work in high-risk establishments, the pieces of
equipment that need safety tools.
 Apply the engineering solutions to minimise risks
in the workplace.
Administrative Controls
 These are implemented by supervisors,
managers or people in higher positions.
 Manage employees’ schedule rotation to lessen
their possibilities of facing risks in the workplace.
 They can also ask for the specific needs of the
workers to avoid hazards from taking place.
 This is the last resort of the management to

Personal Protection Equipment avoid risks.
 The management should ask about the PPE
needs of workers and consult the experts on how
to address these concerns in the best ways
possible.
 The management should also communicate with
workers to always follow the rules of using PPE
in the workplace.
You should always remember that you can combine different controls. It will lessen the risk
happening in the workplace. It will also make the establishment a safer place to work in.
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Multimedia
To have an idea of how to manage hazards using the hierarchy of controls, watch
the video below.
Managing chemical hazards using the hierarchy of controls

Learner Resource
3.2 Take Measures to Eliminate or Control Risks
The previous chapter talked about discussing ways of eliminating and controlling risks. In the same
subchapter, you learnt about the five-step hierarchal process of control. This process includes:
Elimination Engineering PPE
Substitution Administrative
Controls
You learnt in the previous subchapter that all identified hazards and risks must be eliminated or
controlled. The measures taken to control the risks will vary for each hazard. Each of these measures
must be documented according to workplace health and safety legislation.
In this subchapter, you will learn about the measures to take to eliminate or control risks. Taking
measures is the way to do something to accomplish things on purpose. These measures will make you
do the following:
 Eliminate the risk if possible. If this is not possible, then work through the hierarchy of
controls. This is to assist with identifying suitable methods of controlling the risk.
 Consult with colleagues and make suggestions regarding eliminating or controlling risks. It
must be done, especially when you implement a control measure. Remember, it is a legislative
requirement to consult with the following:
o Workers
o Anyone who may be affected
 Seek approval from a manager or senior employee when implementing control measures.
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In a more detailed aspect, measures to eliminate or control risks may include the following:
Elimination Methods Equipment Training
Supervision Restriction Stopping Arrangements
These measure controls are not meant to be applied alone. You can always combine more than one
control to manage the risk in the best way. The table below shows the measure controls and how to
use them in hazard and risk management:
Control Measures Explanation
Elimination This is the measure of eliminating the hazards that cause the risk.
This control measure aims to give continuous information on how to

Methods
use a piece of equipment.
This is the measure that aims to change or isolate a piece of equipment

Equipment if it Is too dangerous for staff. If isolation or change is not possible, the
establishment will make the equipment safer to use.
This control measure aims to train staff and workers to be

Training
knowledgeable of equipment usage and be better problem solvers.
This is the measure that aims to observe and supervise workers and
Supervision staff, especially the new ones, to see if they need guidance or
correction.
This control measure aims to restrict some establishments or pieces of

Restriction
equipment. This is to avoid accidents for staff or guests.
This is the measure that aims to stop the usage of an establishment or

Stopping piece of equipment. It may also aim to stop customers or guests from
using it.
This control measure aims to plan for staff rotations to lessen exposure
Arrangements
to risks.

Learner Resource
How to Take Measures to Eliminate or Control Risks Identified for Each Hazard
Some risks can be avoided by using one control measure. However, some require more than one. The
table below shows examples of risks caused by different hazards. It also shows how to take measures
to eliminate or control these risks:
Hazard Risk How to Eliminate or Control
1. Elimination – The establishment cannot

completely eliminate electricity to avoid this
risk. They need to use the next control
measure.
2. Substitution – There is no safer equipment.
The establishment does not use plastic
utensils due to environmental reasons. They
need to use the next control measure.
3. Engineering – The hotel can use this control
measure to avoid the repetition of the risk.
A kid was electrocuted
They can install electricity guards in every
Physical because they put a metal
socket of the hotel. Only adults can take them
Environment fork in one of the hotel’s
out of the sockets.
outlets.
4. Administrative Control – This control can also
be used with the engineering control. Staff,
especially housekeeping, must make sure
that electric guards are installed before and
after a room is occupied. Administrators
should also post signs that will warn guests
about the risk.
5. Personal Protection Equipment (PPE) – PPE
cannot be used in this risk. It is because two
previous controls already addressed the risk.
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completely eliminate the hazard.
2. Substitution – Kitchen staff members can use
a smaller mixer to minimise risk. However, it
will take a longer time to finish a task with the
smaller mixer.
One staff member got
into an accident while 3. Engineering – They can install safety guards
Plant
operating a large in planetary mixers in the kitchen.
planetary mixer.
4. Administrative Control – They can conduct
training sessions for employees on how to
handle planetary mixers.
like non-slip shoes or non-cut gloves can be
issued to staff to add safety.

completely eliminate the hazard.
2. Substitution – There is no safer substitution.
Staff assigned during the 3. Engineering – Engineering control cannot be
night shift have used.
experienced risks under
Work Practice 4. Administrative Control – Administrative
security issues. Most of
control can be used in this risk. They can have
them became victims of
shift rotations for the employees.
thieves lurking at night.
5. Personal Protection Equipment – If the
management is generous enough, they can
provide things that can help with their safety.
An example would be a pepper spray.

Learner Resource

completely eliminate the hazard. They need
to use the next control measure.
2. Substitution – There is no safer substitution.
They need to use the next control measure.
3. Engineering – Engineering control cannot be
used. They need to use the next control
One rude customer
measure.
Security Issue poured hot water on a
staff member. 4. Administrative Control – The management
can always help control this situation every
day. They must make sure that bodyguards
are there to help staff in controlling
customers.
cannot be used in this risk. It is because a
previous control already addressed the risk.
Taking measures can be done by following the hierarchal process of control. In a more detailed way
to explain it, below are ways to practice measure controls for hazards:
 Identify the hazards in the workplace.
 Assess the risks possible in all hazards.
Remember that there can be multiple
possible risks in just one identified hazard.
 Decide on the level of the risk to know if it
needs to be eliminated or controlled.
 Consult staff and people with higher
positions on what to do with the hazards.
Evaluate what needs to be controlled or
eliminated.
 Apply the control measures needed for the
risks in the workplace.
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Case Study: Best Ways to Control or Eliminate Risks
Neil’s coffee shop is doing great! The first months are his tough times, but everything has been
falling into place slowly. And to make this business of his go smoothly, he needs to have proper risk
management in his shop constantly. While checking, he discovered more risks in his establishment.
Some may even need combined controls. These risks are:
 The newly bought cake server is too sharp that one of the staff members got cut while
washing it.
 One of the steamers leaks. It burned the staff while preparing coffee.
He then starts to think of measure controls to address the risks. Here are his final decisions:
 Neil decided to change to a safer cake server. He did not dispose of the sharp cake knife,
but he gave specific instructions on how to handle it. He made sure to give information to
all his staff.
 Neil thought that putting stoppers on leaks would just create worse accidents in the future.
That was the time that he decided to take the broken steamer out of the establishment. He
bought a new and better kind of steamer.

Learner Resource
Notes
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• Controlling is a part of a goal in management. It ensures that things are happening according
to the plan.
• Eliminating is the act of getting rid of something in the process.
• Hierarchy is an organisational structure that ranks things according to their level of
importance.
• The hierarchy of controls is a system organisation used to reduce or eradicate exposure to
hazards.
• Taking measures is the way to do something to accomplish things on purpose.
Learning Checkpoint
trainer/assessor.

Learner Resource
Summary
“The world rewards

those who take
responsibility for
their own success.”
Curt Gerrish
Workplace health and safety is an ongoing responsibility for all employees within an organisation.
Understanding this responsibility will ensure a safer and healthier workplace for everyone.
You should now have the skills to identify hazards and manage risks by implementing control measures
and reviewing their effectiveness.
There are many tools and templates that can be used to work towards eliminating or controlling risks.
These can be applied to almost any industry and incorporated into the overall risk management plan
to assist with ensuring the safety of employees, customers, guests, contractors and suppliers within
an organisation.
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References
These are some references that we feel may be of assistance to you in completing the assessment
for this unit of competency:
• Commonwealth of Australia. (2020, March 19). Work health and safety in the
accommodation and food services industry. Safe Work Australia.
https://www.safeworkaustralia.gov.au/resources-and-publications/statistical-reports/work-
health-and-safety-accommodation-and-food-services-industry
• Occupational Health and Safety Act 2004 (Vic). https://www.legislation.vic.gov.au/in-

force/acts/occupational-health-and-safety-act-2004/041
• Paladin Risk. (2015, August 5). Risk management - Consequences [Video]. YouTube.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5zrN2Mxzqww
• Rausand, M. (2011, October 30). Bow-tie diagram. Wikimedia Commons.

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Bow-tie_diagram.jpg
• Safe Work Australia. (2017a, June 5). Top tips for doing a safety inspection in your workplace
[Video]. YouTube.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ruj0IRezVXE&list=PLoBHj3WqW30wcilc0pJ3lZWJDeWs
vI4uJ
• Safe Work Australia. (2017b, December 1). Managing chemical hazards using the hierarchy
of controls [Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=foxhl8Iegtg

Learner Resource
• Work Health and Safety (National Uniform Legislation) Act 2011 (NT).
https://legislation.nt.gov.au/Legislation/WORK-HEALTH-AND-SAFETY-NATIONAL-UNIFORM-
LEGISLATION-ACT-2011
• Work Health and Safety Act 2011 (ACT). https://www.legislation.act.gov.au/a/2011-
35/default.asp
• Work Health and Safety Act 2011 (Cth). https://www.legislation.gov.au/Series/C2011A00137

• Work Health and Safety Act 2011 (Qld).
https://www.legislation.qld.gov.au/view/whole/html/inforce/current/act-2011-018
• Work Health and Safety Act 2011 No 10 (NSW).
https://legislation.nsw.gov.au/view/whole/html/inforce/current/act-2011-010
• Work Health and Safety Act 2012 (SA).

https://www.legislation.sa.gov.au/lz?path=%2FC%2FA%2FWORK%20HEALTH%20AND%20SA
FETY%20ACT%202012
• Work Health and Safety Act 2012 (Tas).

https://www.legislation.tas.gov.au/view/html/inforce/current/act-2012-001
• Work Health and Safety Act 2020 (WA).
https://www.legislation.wa.gov.au/legislation/statutes.nsf/law_a147282.html
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Date Summary of modifications Version

18 January 2023 Version 1.0 released for publishing. 1.0

SITXWHS006 - Identify hazards, assess and control safety risks (Release 1)

CHAPTER 2: ASSESS THE SAFETY RISK ASSOCIATED WITH A HAZARD ............................... 55

CHAPTER 3: ELIMINATE OR CONTROL THE RISK ............................................................... 96

SUMMARY ................................................................................................................... 112

About the Tourism, Travel and Hospitality Training Package

SITXWHS006 - Identify hazards, assess and control safety risks (Release 1)

Delivery and Assessment of Qualifications

Qualification Training Pathways

Using this Learner Resource

Note: Embedded videos can be played by clicking

SITXWHS006 - Identify hazards, assess and control safety risks (Release 1)

About this Unit of Competency

SITXWHS006 - Identify hazards, assess and control safety risks

This Learner Resource has three chapters. These include:

SITXWHS006 - Identify hazards, assess and control safety risks (Release 1)

Chapter 1: Identify Hazards

Access and use hazard Work alone or with other

SITXWHS006 - Identify hazards, assess and control safety risks (Release 1)

Review Assess risk

1.1.1 Hazard Identification Tools and Template Documents

SITXWHS006 - Identify hazards, assess and control safety risks (Release 1)

Hazard Description Examples

This is caused by  Chemicals

Hazard Description Examples

SITXWHS006 - Identify hazards, assess and control safety risks (Release 1)

Hazard Identification Checklist

Burns Yes No N/A

Is a first-aid kit accessible?

Are metal containers used to empty oil from deep fryers?

Are workers trained in safe work procedures?

Is appropriate PPE equipment available (apron, closed shoes, and

Chemicals Yes No N/A

Are chemical containers labelled correctly?

Are chemicals stored in approved containers (not food or drink)?

Are material safety data sheets supplied for each chemical?

Are workers trained to use chemicals safely?

Are emergency kits readily available?

Is appropriate PPE equipment available (goggles, nitrate gloves, and closed

Electrical equipment Yes No N/A

Is faulty electrical equipment removed immediately from service?

Are safety switches installed to guard against electric shock?

Are safety switches and equipment regularly inspected, tested and

Are workers trained in working safely with electrical equipment?

Hazard Identification Checklist

Machinery and equipment / Plant Yes No N/A

Are sharp edges and moving parts guarded appropriately?

Does the equipment have appropriate safety instructions and signs on

Are workers trained to use machinery and equipment safely?

Is there a system for reporting and fixing faulty equipment?

Fire Yes No N/A

Is fire-fighting equipment kept in a clear, unobstructed place?

Are sprinkler systems and fire extinguishers regularly inspected and

Are exhaust fans and hoods cleaned regularly?

Does all gas equipment have a shut-off valve?

Are fire blankets available?

Are staff trained to use fire protection equipment?