Republic of the Philippines

Department of Education- Region X

Division of Valencia City
CENTRAL BUKIDNON INSTITUTE, INC.
S.Y. 2022-2023
English 9

FACT SHEETS #6, #7, and #8

Teacher: Feb Zheenia L. Resultan

Lesson 6: Sociological Approach

Social criticism focuses on the examination of literature in the culture, economic, and political context in which
it is written or received. It includes discussion of society, social relationship, and historical effect.

Sociological critics focus on:

 Ideologies and experiences of people who lived in that time period and culture.
 How society in various political “isms” distinguish between members of various races, social classes,
sexes, or culture.

What aspects of society do the critics examine?

 culture of the society, including standards of behavior, etiquette, the relations between opposing groups
(e.g., parents and children, the rich and the poor, men and women, religious beliefs, taboos, and moral
values)
 The critic might also look at the economy and politics of the society, including its system of government,
the rights of individuals, how wealth is distributed, and who holds the power.

COMMON EXAMPLES OF SOCIAL ISSUES

Poverty and Homelessness
Climate Change
Overpopulation
Civil Rights and Racial Discrimination
Gender Inequality
Health Care Availability
Childhood Obesity

Lesson 7: Unchanging Values in the VUCA World

Values are basic and fundamental beliefs that guide or motivate attitudes or actions. They help us to determine
what is important to us. Values describe the personal qualities we choose to embody to guide our actions; the
sort of person we want to be; the manner in which we treat ourselves and others; and our interaction with the
world around us. They provide the general guidelines for conduct.

First used in 1987, VUCA is an acronym based on the leadership theories of Warren Bennis and Burt Nanus,
which stands for volatility, uncertainty, complexity, and ambiguity. In a VUCA world, the most important
thing is to anticipate the future and strengthen cooperation to come up with better solutions to problems and
challenges.

Literature provides us with a range of exposure and experiences that may open doors to understanding these
unchanging values amid the fast-paced VUCA world. Literature indeed reflects the society, its good values, and
its ills. In its corrective function, literature mirrors the ills of the society with a view of realizing its mistakes
and making amendments. It also projects the virtues or good values in the society for people to emulate
(Benjamin, 2016).
Examples of unchanging values in a changing world:
 Living your own rhythm despite living in a hectic world
 Valuing yourself even though the world tells you to give more to other people
 Prioritizing your family even though the world makes situations to make you want to be independent

Lesson 8: Prosodic Features

Prosody- study of all the elements of language that contribute toward acoustic and rhythmic effects
Segmentals- individual units of speech (vowels, consonants, diphthongs)
Suprasegmentals-speech features that accompany or are added over a segmental (stress, pitch and intonation,
juncture, etc.)
Suprasegmentals or Prosodic Features
STRESS
 degree of force or prominence given to a syllable or word
 extra loudness given to a particular syllable or word
Word Stress
shows what syllables in a word is stressed
SAMples, CARton, PURple, relax, reCEIVE
 The same word can have the stress in different places, which changes the meaning of words.
PREsent = a gift (noun); non past or future (adjective)
preSENT = to give something to someone (verb)
OBject = something you can see and touch (noun)
obJECT = to disagree with something (verb)
 The stress on syllables can change between similar words as well.
I enjoy photography.
Look at this photograph.
My artwork is photographic in nature.
Sentence stress
Shows which word/s in a sentence is/are stressed
A sentence may have a different meaning once the stress is shifted to another word.
I can’t do it. – It is impossible for me to do it now.
I can’t do it. – I simply cannot afford to do it.
I can’t do it. – It is not for me to do that.

PITCH AND INTONATION

Pitch-highness or lowness of a tone or a voice

Intonation-the way the voice rises or falls

Falling Intonation-pitch of the voice falls at the end of a sentence
-commonly used in statements, commands, WH-questions, confirmatory question tags, and
 exclamation
STATEMENTS
Pleased to meet ↓you.
Mom wants to buy that ↓bag.

COMMANDS
Take your shoes ↓off.
Leave them on the ↓desk.
WH-QUESTIONS
What food do you ↓want?
Where do you come ↓from?
QUESTION TAGS (only when we seek confirmation or invite agreement)
He thinks he’s so smart, doesn’t ↓he?
They didn’t enjoy the party, did ↓they?
EXCLAMATIONS
That’s a perfect ↓gift!
How nice of ↓you!
What a beautiful ↓performance!
Rising Intonation-pitch of the voice rises at the end of the sentence
-commonly used in yes or no questions, and question tags that show uncertainty
QUESTION TAGS (uncertainty)
You’re new here, aren’t ↑you?
He prefers the beach, doesn’t ↑he?
YES OR NO QUESTIONS
Do you like your new ↑shirt?
May I borrow your ↑book?
Will she ↑agree?
Rising-Falling Intonation
This is generally used for giving out a list, a set of choices, partial and conditional statements.

In STATING A LIST, use rising intonation in the first series of items. Then, use a falling intonation on the last
item to indicate that the list has ended. For instance:
She bought some ↑bread, ↑meat, ↑pasta, and ↓apples.
He enjoys outdoor activities such as ↑mountain climbing, ↑trekking, and ↓camping.
When used in CHOICES, we say:
Would you like to have ↑tea or ↓coffee?
Is Jane coming ↑today or ↓tomorrow?

We also use the rising-falling intonation in PARTIAL STATEMENTS. This is when the speaker is hesitant to
fully express his ideas and is unable to finish his statement.
What was the place like? –Well, it ↑seemed ↓nice… (but it’s too small.)
So did you enjoy the trip? –Hmmm, ↑yes I ↓did… (but it was too short.)

In CONDITIONAL STATEMENTS, we use the rising intonation in the first clause, then gradually shift to the
falling intonation in the second clause.
If you have any ↑questions, send me a ↓message.
Ever since you came ↑here, everything’s doing ↓well.

Falling-rising intonation
This is often used when the speaker is uncertain of an answer to a question or shows reluctance.
For example:
Do you think it is ↓va↑lid?