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Fact Sheets
Fact Sheets
Fake
News 86% ng Pinoy nakikitang
problema 'fake news'; online
influencers pinakasinisisi
MANILA, Philippines — Karamihan ng mga Pilipino (86%) ang
naniniwalang problema na ang pagkalat ng maling impormasyon sa
bansa ayon sa huling Pulse Asia survey — kadalasan, galing daw
ito sa mga naglipanang internet personalities.
"The rest of Filipino adults (11%) admit they are not certain about
the veracity of news about political and government that they
come across," dagdag pa ng Pulse Asia.
Sa kabila ng lahat ng ito, 55% pa rin ang tiwalang may abilidad ang
mga Pilipino malaman kung totoo o kasinungalingan ang political
news na kanilang nae-encounter.
Fake news and the motivations behind it There are two kinds of fake news: (1)
misinformation or “the dissemination of false information, even if not deliberate
or malicious, based on unsubstantiated conjecture and in light of various
considerations” and (2) disinformation or “false information [that] is
spread deliberately and maliciously for personal gain or to cause damage to
another party” (Schulman and Siman-Tov 2020, p.2). Examples of content that
fall under disinformation are false context, imposter content, manipulated content,
and fabricated content (Wardle and Derakhshan 2018). The distinction between
misinformation and disinformation suggests that the spread of fake news may not
be intentional, but its production could be deliberate or planned.
Disinformation and hoaxes that are generally referred to as “fake news” are
accelerating and affecting the way people interpret daily events (Wesr, 2022).
Fake news as a means of misinformation is aided by the fast pace that information
travels in the present media ecosystem, specifically across social media platforms
(Baum, 2017). Fake news stories are invented, with no verifiable evidences,
sources or quotes. Occasionally these stories may be propaganda designed to
deceive the reader. Some stories may possess some truth, but contextualizing
details may be absent (Desai S. & Oerhli,2022) . Many peddlers of fake news are
not reluctant to generate fake accounts and post false or misleading information
online (Cuerpo, 2023) . Social media are digital platforms that can be an
advantage or a blight to the people and societies in general. They are means
whereby information or misinformation can be circulated. And given the
swiftness by which these can spread true or fake news, the stakes are high
(Lorenzo, 2017) .
In the Philippines, 51% of Filipinos find it difficult to identify fake news on
television, radio, or social media [13] . Most Filipino adults believed fake news in
media is a grave issue [14] .
A study has classified fake news as false news, polarized content, satire,
misreporting, commentary, persuasive information, and citizen journalism
(Molina, et al.,2019). Another research claimed that false news stories are 70
percent more likely to be retweeted than true stories (Dizikes, 2018). In another
study, it was found that the instantaneous sharing of news motivated by the desire
to create awareness may also facilitate the sharing of fake news perhaps due to the
lack of time to verify the same (Talwa & Salo, 2020).
2. Reading The Department of Education (DepEd) has continuously aimed to improve
public-school students' reading comprehension through different projects.
For instance, the implementation of Every Child a Reader Program can be
observed in all public elementary schools in the country. It is a national
program that addresses the thrust of DepED to make every Filipino child a
reader at their level. It is designed to equip elementary pupils with strategic
reading and writing skills to make them independent young readers and
writers. It also provides year-long training for teachers to make them multi-
literate and independent problem solvers (Department of Education Region
XII, 2014).
Despite this, reading comprehension has always been one of the problems
of English teachers in the Division of Zamboanga Sibugay. It is a fact that
the researcher himself noticed. Whenever there is a chance that English
teachers come together, one of the topics of conversation would be the
decline of the reading comprehension levels of students every year. This is
why it has been a practice of the schools in the division to develop and
offer reading programs to address the need to enhance the students' reading
comprehension. The division of Zamboanga Sibugay has initiated this
pursuit of developing learners reading ability through the implementation
of the Initiative for Reading Enhancement, Achievement, and
Development (I-READ) (Division Memorandum 442, 2021) and Project-
BP-Sibugay (Division Memorandum 342, 2021). Moreover, the Division
of Zamboanga SIbugay also supports such programs by awarding the
school deemed the best reading program implementer.
Duterte said that the weekly catch-up program will focus particularly
on reading but may also include subjects in peace education, health
and values education.
Students who already know how to read will take lessons to improve
their critical thinking and analysis, while students capable of critical
thinking and analysis “will be asked to write books and essays,” she
said.
Duterte reiterated that the DepEd does not expect improved scores
in PISA 2022, the results of which will be released two weeks from
now.
“We have already been through two PISAs and the scores of the
students have not yet improved. This means we need to innovate
and do something else,” Duterte said.
The DepEd chief said that the official policy for “catch-up Fridays”
will be released in December.